Abstract: An entangled quantum particle generator generates a signal including a plurality of entangled particles. The wavelength of the signal is the sum of the wavelengths of the entangled particles. A signal processor determines a characteristic of the target based on information derived from at least some of the entangled particles in the return signal. The frequency of the signal is selected to propagate the signal through a medium and the frequencies of the entangled particles are selected to provide sufficient data in the return signal to resolve the characteristic of the target.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed to provide power management for a mobile communication device having a location determination function. The frequency of the location determination function may be adjusted based on whether the mobile communication device is moving and may be further adjusted based on battery voltage or expected battery life.

Abstract: There is provided an optical velocimeter for achieving miniaturization and lower power consumption thereof and for accurately detecting two-dimensional travel velocity of a measured object. This optical velocimeter includes a light-emitting element, a diffraction grating, two light-receiving sections, and a signal processing circuit. Light emitted from the light-emitting element is branched by the diffraction grating into three light fluxes, and optical axes of the divided light fluxes are intersected one another on the measured object to form one detection point. Scattered light from the detection point frequency-shifted by travel of the measured object is then received by the two light-receiving sections, and a light-reception signals outputted from the light-receiving sections are processed in the signal processing circuit to detect travel velocities of two directions of the measured object.

Abstract: An improved system is provided for aiming a shotgun-based or other countermeasure system so as to be able to countermeasure incoming rockets or projectiles. In one embodiment a shotgun aimed and controlled by the subject system projects a pattern of pellets to intercept a rocket-propelled grenade or incoming projectile. The fire control system uses a CW two-tone monopulse radar to derive range and angle of arrival within 150 milliseconds, with range and angle of arrival measurements having approximately twice the accuracy of prior CW two-tone monopulse radars. The improvement derives from using all of the information in the returned radar beams and is the result of the recognition that one can use the Sum and Difference signals to assemble a two-by-two Rank One matrix that permits using singular value decomposition techniques to generate range and angle of arrival matrices in which all available information is used and in which noise is eliminated.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for detecting the passage by a vehicle of a determined point for monitoring on a road, wherein from a remotely situated location a radar beam is transmitted continuously to the point for monitoring, reflections from the transmitted radar beam are received at the remotely situated location, and it is determined from the received reflections that the vehicle is passing the point for monitoring. The radar beam can herein be transmitted at an acute angle to the travel direction of the passing vehicle. The detection can be used to activate a red-light camera, to measure the speed of the vehicle or measure the traffic intensity, without sensors, for instance induction loops, having to be arranged in the road for this purpose.

Abstract: A time domain communications system wherein a broadband of time-spaced signals, essentially monocycle-like signals, are derived from applying stepped-in-amplitude signals to a broadband antenna, in this case, a reverse bicone antenna. When received, the thus transmitted signals are multiplied by a D.C. replica of each transmitted signal, and thereafter, they are, successively, short time and long time integrated to achieve detection.

Abstract: Radar systems use time delay measurements between a transmitted signal and its echo to calculate range to a target. Ranges that change with time cause a Doppler offset in phase and frequency of the echo. Consequently, the closing velocity between target and radar can be measured by measuring the Doppler offset of the echo. The closing velocity is also known as radial velocity, or line-of-sight velocity. Doppler frequency is measured in a pulse-Doppler radar as a linear phase shift over a set of radar pulses during some Coherent Processing Interval (CPI). An Interferometric Moving Target Indicator (MTI) radar can be used to measure the tangential velocity component of a moving target. Multiple baselines, along with the conventional radial velocity measurement, allow estimating the true 3-D velocity of a target.

Abstract: Disclosed is a radar apparatus equipped with a function for detecting an abnormality of modulation width. Distance rt2 at time t2 is calculated from the values of the distance Rt1 and the relative velocity Vt1 measured at time t1 and the elapsed time t2−t1, and the difference relative to the actual measured value Rt2 is compared with a threshold value C1. If the difference relative to the actual measured value exceeds the threshold value C1, the modulation width is judged to be abnormal.

Abstract: Disclosed is a Doppler shifted radar apparatus for correct target identification with respect to surveillance of moving vehicles. More particularly, an improved radar detection system using two or more continuously transmitted frequencies is used. The multiple frequencies are directed toward target vehicles whereby the phase difference of the two or more reflected Doppler signals is calculated and subsequently used to accurately determine a target range, thereby displaying the closest vehicle and closest vehicle speed. Vehicle speed is determined with use of the standard Doppler frequency shift. The next closest and/or next faster vehicle speed can also be easily determined.

Abstract: When a new target is detected, if it is determined that the distance difference between the newly detected target and the previously detected target is within a predetermined range, the difference between the relative velocity of the newly detected target and the relative velocity of the previously detected target is obtained to determine whether the difference is greater than a predetermined value &Dgr;Va, and when the difference is greater than the predetermined value, it is determined that the new target is a target obtained as a result of mispairing.

Abstract: The invention detects a ghost occurring due to mispairing, reflections from a wall, or the like, and improves the ability of a radar to track targets when actual relative velocity changes by more than a certain value. If a stationary target is present within a prescribed region centered about a moving target, the stationary target is excluded from output data by determining it as being a target resulting from mispairing due to the detection of guardrail posts or similar structures. Further, a moving target that is expected to collide with an eligible target is also excluded from the output data by determining it as being a target resulting from mispairing due to the detection of a target having many reflecting points. For a moving target showing an unlikely relative velocity, pairing with some other peak is attempted by determining the moving target as being a target resulting from mispairing due to the detection of a plurality of moving targets moving in the same direction.

Abstract: Doppler shift compensation by interpolation of a new sample between successively received signal samples using stored values of an interpolation function. The interpolation function has a non-zero amplitude in an argument range symmetrical about zero argument and zero amplitude outside the range. The time location of a new sample is shifted relative to a pair of received signal samples by an amount corresponding to a Doppler shift. The amplitude of the new sample is computed at a new sample index by combining the pair of received signal samples with corresponding samples of the interpolation function, each corresponding sample of the interpolation function being that sample whose argument is a difference between a corresponding one of the first and second indices and the new sample index. Due to the symmetry properties of the interpolation function, this operation requires as little as two multiply operations and one add operation for each new sample.

Abstract: The present invention is a method of deriving a ground speed of an aircraft on a descent along a flight path. A vertical speed signal is produced as a function of an altitude signal and a vertical acceleration signal. The vertical speed signal is transformed to a nominal ground speed signal based upon a glide slope defined by a glide slope beam. A correction is produced based on a glide slope deviation rate representative of deviation of the aircraft from the glide slope. The nominal ground speed signal is corrected with the correction to produce a corrected ground speed signal. The corrected ground speed signal is filtered with a horizontal acceleration signal and a runway heading signal to produce a smoothed ground speed signal.

Abstract: The invention relates to a radar method for an automatic intelligent traffic control (AICC) in a motor vehicle. The use of a frequency modulation continuous wave method (FM-CM) is suggested in order to securely detect the distance to, relative speed and angle of a preceding motor vehicle. It is furthermore suggested according to the invention that when using an A/D converter 5 with 8-bit resolution, the necessary dynamics are generated by means of a level switchover, that the R, V information is generated in FFTs [Fast Fourier Transformations] 6 with blocked R and V-FFTs, that the useful signals are separated from the noise in a detection device 7 by means of a R-dependent adaptive CFAR threshold, that in a track formation 8, the detection is directly assigned to the tracks and that the association of a detection i to a track j is in the process computed as probability r (i, j).

Abstract: The invention particularly relates to the detection of fast-flying targets by means of an HPRF radar system that operates with a plurality of switchable pulse-repetition frequencies (PRFs). In the method, a high velocity resolution is attained, which permits a reliable detection of a multiple-target situation. At the same time, a precise range determination is attained with a high range resolution by means of a pure transit-time measurement of the pulses. The length of the used range gates is selected to correspond to the anticipated target length.

Abstract: A radar system is described for use in vehicular applications. The radar system is particularly suited to backup warning systems and lane-change warning systems. The radar minimizes many of the problems found in the prior art by providing programmable delays and programmable gain. The radar uses a range search algorithm to detect and sort targets at various ranges within the field of view of the radar. Each target range corresponds to a particular delay and gain setting. The radar searches for targets at the various ranges by running a target search algorithm. For each target range, the search algorithm causes the proper time delay and gain setting. Targets within the selected range are detected and catalogued. Speed of the targets is obtained through Doppler processing. A display is used to warn the driver of the vehicle of the presence of targets at the various ranges. The warning may be visual and/or audible.

Abstract: In a method for operating a radar system, the object is to determine by simple means and at low cost the distance and/or the radial velocity of at least one target object with high resolution. For this purpose, in each measuring phase of the measurement process in the "pulse FMCW radar system", switchover between a transmission mode and a receiving mode is effected a multiple number of times and at short intervals of time. In the transmission mode, all receiving units of the radar system are switched off, while a pulse-shaped (frequency-modulated) transmission signal with time-successive transmission pulses having a specific pulse-on time and a specific carrier frequency is emitted from at least one transmitter unit of the radar system.

Abstract: In an FM-CW radar, a receive section has an array antenna in which a plurality of element antennas are arrayed as receive antennas, and a plurality of mixers for generating a beat signal of each channel from a receive signal for each element antenna, and a signal processing section comprises a first device for performing analog-to-digital conversion of the beat signal of each channel into a digital beat signal of each channel and storing it, a second device for performing a Fourier transform process for the digital beat signal of each channel to obtain Fourier transform data of each channel, a third device for performing a phase shift process according to beam direction angles for the Fourier transform data of each channel and thereafter synthesizing the Fourier transform data of each channel every beam direction angle to obtain Fourier transform data of each beam direction angle, and a fourth device for detecting a range to an object and a relative velocity of the object from the Fourier transform data of ea

Abstract: A method for detecting and tracking turns of a maneuvering target comprises the steps of determining first and second radar information of the maneuvering target. The first and second radar information and a set of target speeds are used to determine a set of turn radii for the maneuvering target. The first and second radar information and a set of target arc speeds are used to determine a second set of turn radii for the maneuvering target. The set of turn radii and the set of target speeds define a speed-radius curve, and the second set of turn radii and the set of target arc speeds define an arc speed-radius curve. An intersection of the speed-radius and arc speed-radius curves is located, and the intersection is used to determine whether the maneuvering target has made a turn.

Abstract: This radar with a wide instantaneous angular field and a high instantaneous angular resolution, in particular for a missile homing head, includes essentially:a transmitting antenna with a relatively wide radiation pattern, transmitting a quasi-continuous wave;a receiving antenna including a plurality of radiating elements;means for formation of beams associated with said receiving antenna, to achieve a linear combination of the signals from the various radiating elements of said receiving antenna, in order to obtain a group of simultaneous reception beams allowing the instantaneous scanning of the airspace covered by said transmitting antenna.

Abstract: A method of measuring speed of a mobile unit for use in a wireless communication system 20. The method includes the steps of receiving a radio frequency (RF) signal from the mobile unit 202, measuring signal quality of the RF signal to produce a received quality signal 204, sampling the received quality signal during a first time period to produce a first group of samples 206, sampling the received quality signal during a second time period to produce a second group of samples 208, calculating a variation in signal quality of the RF signal in response to the first and second group of samples 210, and determining a speed measurement in response to the variation in signal quality 212.

Abstract: A distance measurement device is provided which determines the measurement zone of an object and also determines the direction of movement of the object within the measurement zone.

Abstract: A laser speed detector is described which includes a laser rangefinder which determines the time-of-flight of an infrared laser pulse to a target and a microprocessor-based microcontroller. The device is small enough to be easily hand-held, and includes a trigger and a sighting scope for a user to visually select a target and to trigger operation of the device upon the selected target. The laser rangefinder includes self-calibrating interpolation circuitry, a digital logic-operated gate for reflected laser pulses in which both the "opening" and the "closing" of the gate can be selectably set by the microcontroller, and dual collimation of the outgoing laser pulse such that a minor portion of the outgoing laser pulse is sent to means for producing a timing reference signal.

Abstract: A method for determining velocity of a target object comprises transmitting a propagating wave emitted from a wave transmitter and detecting a reflected wave reflected back by the target object by using a wave receiver, and determining of a phase angle difference between two alternating electrical signals respectively representing the transmitted wave departing the wave transmitter and the reflected wave arriving at the wave receiver, wherein the velocity of the target object is determined as a function of the time rate of change of the phase angle difference between the two alternating electrical signals.

Abstract: A laser speed detector is described which includes a laser rangefinder which determines the time-of-flight of an infrared laser pulse to a target and a microprocessor-based microcontroller. The device is small enough to be easily hand-held, and includes a trigger and a sighting scope for a user to visually select a target and to trigger operation of the device upon the selected target. The laser rangefinder includes self-calibrating interpolation circuitry, a digital logic-operated gate for reflected laser pulses in which both the "opening" and the "closing" of the gate can be selectably set by the microcontroller, and dual collimation of the outgoing laser pulse such that a minor portion of the outgoing laser pulse is sent to means for producing a timing reference signal.

Abstract: Sea clutter can be removed from radar signals by accurately determining sea velocity in a coverage area of a radar scan, updating a median value for the coverage area, and selecting a clutter rejection filter for the coverage area biased on the median value for the coverage area. Preferably, a median sea velocity is stored for each coverage area, as the median value. When processing begins for a coverage area, a previously stored median sea velocity is retrieved and updated. The median sea velocity is updated by converting the median sea velocity into a median phase difference between two echo signals, based upon carrier frequency and the time between receipt of two echo signals, which is preferably more than one interpulse period. The difference in phase between the two echo signals is compared with the median phase difference and the median sea velocity is increased if the median phase difference is smaller and decreased if the median phase difference is larger.

Abstract: For calculating motional characteristics, particularly of a projectile moving in a barrel of weapon, a microwave directed onto the projectile by a measuring structure is superimposed with the reflected wave and a a calculation of location-dependent velocity and acceleration is carried out based on the chronological curve of the phase difference by a one-time or, respectively, two-time differentiation. In order to reduce measured errors, the operating phase difference and, therefore, the location of the projectile is first assigned to each amplitude value in a registered interferometer signal. A compensation function for the time-dependent location of the projectile is then placed through the arc-cosine-transformed individual action points and the location-dependent projectile velocity is calculated by one-time differentiation and the acceleration is calculated by a further differentiation.

Abstract: An apparatus for determining a target position within a selected range segment includes a range gate generator which provides a range gate signal that enables a detector for a time interval corresponding to the range segment and a signal generator, responsive to the range gate signal, which provides a signal having an amplitude which varies with time. The output signal of the signal generator is sampled by a sample and hold circuit. A control signal generator enabled during the range gate interval couples a switching signal to the sample and hold circuit which, upon the reception of a target reflected signal, causes the sample and hold circuit to switch from the sampling mode to the hold mode. The signal amplitude in the hold mode is a representation of the target position within the range gate.

Abstract: A Gunn microwave transmitter/receiver is coupled to an antenna to transmit microwave signals perpendicularly to a surface of a motionless or a slow moving object and to receive waves reflected from the object. The frequency of the oscillator of the Gunn transmitter is controlled by the output of a sawtooth wave generator. Accordingly, the output of the transmitter is cyclically and linearly varied from a first transmitted frequency to a second transmitted frequency. An accurate timer cyclically resets the both the sawtooth generator and digital processing circuitry.The wave reflected from the object and the signal transmitted at the time of arrival of the reflected wave are processed to detect the difference between the reflected wave and the transmitted wave, or the first negative to positive zero crossing that occurs after reset. This event initiates a time window which is terminated at the end of the cycle in which the relationship is detected.

Abstract: A single-scan editor of bird echoes uses range rate to aid in identifying bird echoes. The range rate is preferably calculated from change in phase between one interpulse period to the next interpulse period and both unfiltered and MTI filtered signals are used for the calculation of change in phase. The unfiltered phase difference is used if the logarithm of the total power of the phase difference exceeds a predetermined threshold during at least one of the interpulse periods and if not, the MTI filtered phase difference is used if the total power of the MTI filtered signal exceeds a corresponding predetermined threshold. If neither threshold exceeds the corresponding threshold, no calculation is made. Due to the relationship between phase difference and range rate, several possible range rates correspond to most phase differences. Therefore, an occurrence of each of the possible range rates is counted over the course of a cycle.

Abstract: A microwave radar signal is generated (16) and split by a circular (20). A phase shifter (24) introduces a plurality of phase shifts into a first part of the split signal which is then transmitted (36) by antenna (34). A like plurality of phase shifts are introduced by the phase shifter into the return signal (40) from the target. The circulator delivers the phase shifted return signal and the leakage signal from the circulator to a mixer (44) which generates an i.f. signal output at the doppler frequency. The i.f. signal is amplified (46l ), filtered (54), counted (58) per unit of time and the result displayed (62) to provide indications of target sense and range rate. An oscillator (50) controls rate of phase shift in the transmitted and received signals and provides a time base for the counter. The phase shift magnitude increases may be continuous and linear or discrete functions of time.

Abstract: A process that derives estimates of range and range-rate during the radar ack of an object, when the radar employes a linear frequency modulated waveform. FM waveforms at the radar wavelength are transmitted. The frequency of the radar echos are measured and the difference between the incoming frequency of radar echos and the local oscillator frequency is estimated. The signal is decomposed into Range and Range rate. Implementation of the decomposition device can either be a sequence of stored software or a hardwired processor.