Abstract: A reconfigurable GPR device for acquiring radar data about a medium includes a radar antenna with a first polarization, a processor unit connected to the antenna, and a casing around the antenna and the processor unit. Further the device includes at least one of a wheel assembly and a direction-determining unit. If present, the wheel assembly includes a holder, a wheel and a wheel rotation sensor. The wheel rotation sensor is connected to the processor unit, and an axis of the wheel is pivotal relative to the first polarization. If present, the direction-determining unit is connected to the processor unit and adapted to determine directional information. The directional information is descriptive of an angle between a direction of movement of the device and the first polarization.

Abstract: An ultra-wideband-based object identification method and system includes: transmitting, using a transmitter, an ultra wideband signal to an object; receiving, using a receiver, a reflected signal from the object; and determining, using a processor, an identity of the object based on the received reflected signal.

Abstract: A system for transmitting and receiving radio signals is disclosed. The system includes a controller having a modem and a transmission amplifier module connected to the modem, an antenna unit arranged at a distance from the controller and having an antenna and a reception amplifier module connected to the antenna, and a high-frequency cable connecting the controller and the antenna unit.

Abstract: A method and apparatus that measure M coupled channels of radar polarization data ({tilde over (y)}), that is a subset, which is less than the full set of received coupled channels. Sparse recovery operations are performed on the measured M coupled channels of radar polarization data ({tilde over (y)}) and a representation of a set of more than M channels of radar polarization data is generated from the sparse recovery performed on the subset of coupled channels.

Abstract: A method for recommending configuration changes in a communications network. The method comprises maintaining (102) a plurality of machine-learning processes, wherein an individual machine-learning process operates based on a data model and decision-making rules, and the plurality of machine-learning processes operate based on a plurality of different data models and a plurality of different decision-making rules. The method also comprises obtaining (104) values of Key Performance Indicators, KPIs, from network elements of the communications network and obtaining a goal (106) defining at least one KPI value characterising wanted operation of the communications network. The method also comprises producing (108) by the plurality of machine-learning processes, based on the received values of KPIs and using the data models and decision-making rules, a plurality of individual recommendations; and producing an output recommendation (110) based on the produced individual recommendations.

Abstract: A system includes a frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) transceiver, a processor, and a memory. The memory stores program instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the system to receive a signal representative of an FMCW signal reflected from an object of interest, apply a first Fourier transform to the signal to obtain range data, identify a subset of the range data corresponding to a region of interest, apply a second Fourier transform on the identified subset of the range data to obtain velocity data corresponding to the identified subset of the range data, and identify a gesture performed by the object of interest based on at least a portion of velocity data.

Abstract: Techniques for providing consumer device interfaces are discussed herein. Some embodiments may include a system, including processing circuitry configured to: connect with a consumer device via a network; provide a search interface to the consumer device; receive one or more search parameters from the consumer device via the network; determine card scores for candidate cards based on the one or more search parameters, wherein each card includes an electronic marketing message indicating one or more items; determine a card score ranking based on the card scores; determine whether the consumer device is a mobile device; and in response to determining that the consumer device is a mobile device: determine mobile card layout; generate a mobile interface based on the mobile card layout; and provide one or more of the candidate cards to the mobile interface based on the card score ranking and the mobile card layout.

Abstract: Various antenna systems are presented that have independently steerable receive and transmit beams. The antenna system may include multiple antenna element systems. Each antenna element system may include multiple phase shifters that alter the phase of received signals and signals to be transmitted. Directions of a first transmit beam, a second transmit beam, a first receive beam, and a second receive beam may be steered independently using the phase shifters. Each antenna element system may include a polarization system.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for transmission of RF signals between a transmitter and a receiver. The apparatus includes a transmitter comprising a first retroreflector having a first array of sub-wavelength retroreflective elements at one end of an open cavity for transmitting RF seed signals. The apparatus also includes a receiver comprising a second retroreflector having a second array of sub-wavelength retroreflective elements at an opposite end of the open cavity for receiving the transmitted seed signal, the transmitted RF seed signals being in form of a beam directed toward the receiver.

Abstract: A multi-polarization millimeter wave (mmWave) transmitter/receiver (TX/RX) architecture with shared power amplifiers (PAs) is provided. This architecture provides a transceiver which uses shared PAs to reduce the number of TX and PA stages required for multi-polarization transmission in mmWave radio frequency (RF) devices. Embodiments provide an array of switching channels which selectively connect a shared TX and shared PA to two or more antennas in antenna arrays having different polarizations (e.g., a dipole antenna array and a patch antenna array). This approach provides a dual polarization or multi-polarization mmWave transceiver having a reduced number of components which results in a smaller size, improved power efficiency, and improved power heat dissipation.

Abstract: A distance measurement instrument and a method of operating a distance measurement instrument are disclosed. According to some embodiments, a transmit light signal is transmitted by a transmitter unit along a transmit path at an emission time and a return light signal is received by a receiver unit at a receive time along a receive path. The return light signal is converted to a return electrical signal. At least one of the transmit path and the receive path is deflected by a deflection module at a deflection angle relative to an optical axis of the instrument. A time-dependent attenuation function is selected based on information relative to the deflection angle and attenuation is applied by an attenuator to at least one of the return light signal and the return electrical signal according to the selected time-dependent function. A measured distance may be determined by a processor unit based on at least the emission time and the receive time.

Abstract: A linear-depolarization ratio calculator (12) is configured so as to determine a radar reflectivity factor Zhh in transmission of a horizontally polarized wave and reception of a horizontally polarized wave, the radar reflectivity factor being a reflected wave intensity after integration of a reflected wave intensity Vhh(n) calculated by a reflected-wave intensity calculator (11), and a radar reflectivity factor Zvh in transmission of a horizontally polarized wave and reception of a vertically polarized wave, the radar reflectivity factor being a reflected wave intensity after integration of a reflected wave intensity Vvh(n+2) and calculate a linear depolarization ratio LDRvh which is the ratio between the radar reflectivity factor Zhh and the radar reflectivity factor Zvh. As a result, even when three types of polarized-wave transmission/reception processing elements are repeatedly performed, the linear depolarization ratio LDRvh can be calculated.

Abstract: An object detection system uses a change in a linear polarization statistic between a first image at a first time and a second image at a second time to determine the presence or the likelihood of an object beneath a surface. The presence of the object may be determined by regions of anomalously high changes in the polarization statistic. The system may use a polarization change detection detector which may simultaneously capture images in multiple polarization channels. Further, the polarization change detection detector may be coupled with a laser interferometry system. Further, the polarization change detection detector may be used to capture a time series of images to determine the polarization decorrelation time for each pixel in the field of view to provide additional detail regarding an object detected beneath the surface.

Abstract: A millimeter or mm-wave system includes transmission of a millimeter wave (mm-wave) radar signal by a transmitter to an object. The transmitted mm-wave radar signal may include at least two signal orientations, and in response to each signal orientation, the object reflects corresponding signal reflections. The signal reflections are detected and a determination is made as to location of the object.

Abstract: An embodiment method includes: receiving radar data at a millimeter-wave radar sensor, the radar data being generated in response to an incident radio-frequency signal reflecting off an object located in a field of view of the millimeter-wave radar sensor; filtering the radar data to generate a first-filtered signal; determining a trajectory of motion corresponding to the first-filtered signal; and determining whether the trajectory of motion corresponds to a human signature, the human signature being associated with a respective operation of a vehicle.

Abstract: An object detection system uses a change in a linear polarization statistic between a first image at a first time and a second image at a second time to determine the presence or the likelihood of an object beneath a surface. The presence of the object may be determined by regions of anomalously high changes in the polarization statistic. The system may use a polarization change detection detector which may simultaneously capture images in multiple polarization channels. Further, the polarization change detection detector may be coupled with a laser interferometry system.

Abstract: A multi-port transmitter can synthesize and send a first plurality of transmit signals having a separability characteristic which permits them to be differentiated from one another. A receiver can then detect one or more receiver signals which include one or more combinations of received versions of the first plurality of transmit signals. The receiver may use the separability characteristic to determine the received versions of the first plurality of transmit signals from the one or more receiver signals. Then, the receiver may determine an estimated signal corresponding to the estimated receiver response to a second plurality of virtual transmit signals which comprise a combination of the first plurality of transmit signals. Determining the estimated signal may include forming a combination of the received versions of the first plurality of transmit signals.

Abstract: A hand tool device comprises a computation unit and at least one locating device that is configured to receive a locating signal having a circularly polarized component. The computation unit is configured to ascertain a piece of position information of a locatable object from the circularly polarized part of the locating signal.

Abstract: Systems and methods for analyzing a characteristic of a transmitter, a receiver, or a propagation channel are disclosed. At least one receiver signal resulting from at least one transmitter signal that has propagated through a propagation channel can be obtained. A first signal pair can be formed from a first receiver signal and a first transmitter signal, or from first and second receiver signals obtained from spatially-separated receiver antennas, or from first and second receiver signals which are attributable to different transmitter signals. Amplitude and phase information of a plurality of frequency components for each signal in the first signal pair can be determined. A set of comparison values for the first signal pair can be determined by comparing respective frequency component phases or respective frequency component amplitudes. A characteristic of the set of comparison values can then be analyzed.

Abstract: A testing system tests a device under test (DUT) by emulating at least one radio access protocol. The testing system includes at least one transmitter, multiple receivers, multiple radio frequency (RF) heads, multiple horns, and multiple combiners. The transmitter(s) are configured to use an intermediate frequency for transmission. The receiver(s) are configured to use an intermediate frequency for reception. The RF heads up-convert the intermediate frequency from the transmitter(s) to RF used by the DUT and down-convert the RF used by the DUT to the intermediate frequency used by the receiver(s). The combiners each correspond to a different receiver and combine beamformed signals received from the DUT via two different RF heads and via the horns. The horns transmit RF signals to the DUT and receive RF signals from the DUT using two different polarizations.

Abstract: A method for obtaining a baseline for detecting rotating stall using localized information already included within the frequency spectrum. Namely, ratiometric measures, i.e., quadratic coefficients obtained from weighted quadratic regression of sub-synchronous spectrum and/or information obtained through peak detections, are used to detect rotating stall. These ratiometric measures are configured to isolate changes caused by rotating stall from those caused by other operational conditions. As a result, new baseline information can be established to more reliably characterize a system, such as a system with associated turbines or compressors. Empirical or statistical approaches can be combined to automate the process of obtaining a new baseline and to detect rotating stall.

Abstract: The disclosure describes an apparatus for testing the integrity of mammary tissues comprising one or more transmission antennas configured to strike a mammary tissue with a main electromagnetic field in the microwave frequency band, one or more reception antennas configured to pick up a corresponding reflected electromagnetic field, a processing unit comprising a first operating module configured to determine a main parameter representing an electrical discontinuity of the mammary tissue, and a second operating module configured to generate a signal representing a non-integrity of the mammary tissue.

Abstract: A transmit light signal is emitted toward a target at an emission time. An optical subsystem of a receiving system receives a return light signal which is converted to a return electrical signal. At least one attenuator applies an attenuation to at least one of the return light signal and the return electrical signal. The attenuation varies, as time passes, after emission of the transmit light signal, according to a time-dependent attenuation function such that the attenuation is maximum at a critical time elapsed since an emission time of the transmit light signal. The critical time is dependent on at least one geometrical parameter of the optical subsystem. A receive time is determined from the return electrical signal. The emission time and the receive time are used to calculate a measured distance.

Abstract: A system for reception of electromagnetic waves in a spectrum in which interference with radio frequencies of other electronics devices occurs comprising a transmitter; at least one receiver configured to receive the received signal; each received signal organized into a digital vector; at least one memory portion configured to store a plurality of received signals in a vector form; the vectors being combined into a matrix, each vector of the matrix being a digital data record representing a received signal; at least one processor operatively connected to the at least one memory portion; the at least one processor configured to estimate that portion of the received signal attributable to noise; the at least one processor operating to jointly estimate a minimal number of distinctive noise patterns and minimize the simplicity of the data of interest; the at least processor operating to process the noise and data of interest separately.

Abstract: A system for detecting a target, the system comprises a transceiver and a signal processor; wherein the transceiver that is configured to: transmit a first pulse train that comprises multiple radio frequency (RF) pulses of a first non-linear polarity; receive first echoes resulting from the transmission of the first pulse train; generate first detection signals that represent the first echoes; and wherein the signal processor is configured to process the first detection signals to provide an estimated polarization orientation of a target; wherein the processing of the first detection signals comprises estimating a Jones matrix of the target.

Abstract: A wireless receiver includes a plurality of RF front end chips that receive phase shift signals or amplitude control signals, and output V-combined and H-combined signals. The wireless receiver also includes groups of antennas surrounding each of the plurality of RF front end chips. Each of the plurality of RF front end chips can be surrounded by a group of four antennas in an H-configuration, a group of six antennas in a rectangular- or a hexagonal-configuration, or a group of eight antennas in a rectangular- or an octagonal-configuration. Each of the group of four, six or eight antennas is coupled to a corresponding RF front end chip through antenna feed lines having substantially equal lengths. In another implementation, a pair of RF front end chips uses differential signals to communicate with at least two antennas of a group of antennas surrounding the pair of RF front end chips.

Abstract: A system and method for processing radar returns to identify returns from man-made objects. In one embodiment, a plurality of radar returns is used to form a corresponding plurality of resonance maps, which are combined using an ordered statistic to form a processed resonance map. A discriminant is calculated as (a) the fourth power of the ratio of (i) the power in a first rectangle about each pixel to (ii) the power in a region outside the first rectangle and inside a second, larger rectangle, or (b) zero if the ratio is less than 1. Other processing operations including thresholding operations to suppress noise and clutter are used to improve the signal to noise ratio for detecting man-made objects.

Abstract: A method to compensate a carrier frequency offset (CFO) in a receiver is disclosed. The method includes receiving discrete time samples, obtaining a sample vector from the received discrete time samples, obtaining tentative CFO estimates based on the sample vector, selecting a CFO having a greatest compensation coefficient from the tentative CFO estimates, and compensating the CFO in the received discrete time samples.

Abstract: A system and method for evaluating the performance of a weapon platform by modeling, simulating, and analyzing all relative aspects of an engagement that would contribute to a fired projectile missing its intended impact point. The present system embodies various aspects as software objects and defines their dependencies and structure using a multi-node tree. The present system uses an imaged based approach to capture the lethality of ammunition, vulnerability of the targets, and results of an engagement scenario. Monte Carlo simulation is used to calculate the outcome statics and to display individual outcomes of the engagement to the user. The resulting product surpasses the capabilities and performance of conventional systems, protects proprietary information, and reduces the amount of time needed to analyze a weapon system.

Abstract: A method for operating a frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar system is provided that includes generating digital intermediate frequency (IF) signals from radio frequency signals received by a small receive antenna array in the FMCW radar system and processing the digital IF signals to determine whether or not a gesture was performed.

Abstract: An aspect of the present invention provides an RFID tag system in which a null point is hardly generated. The RFID tag system includes an RFID tag and an RFID reader/writer. The RFID reader/writer includes a transmitter that transmits a circularly-polarized radio wave to the RFID tag, a receiver that separately receives horizontal and vertical polarization components of a return wave from the RFID tag; and a received signal combiner that logically combines signals separately received by the receiver. The received signal combiner includes an optimum combiner that combines the horizontal polarization component and the vertical polarization component such that an S/N ratio of the received signal is enhanced compared with the case that the horizontal polarization component and the vertical polarization component are separately received.

Abstract: A system includes a transmission unit, a first reception antenna, a second reception antenna, and a processing unit. The transmission unit is configured to be disposed onboard a vehicle traversing a route, includes a transmission antenna, and is configured to transmit a location signal to a target disposed along the route as the vehicle traverses the route. The first reception antenna is configured to receive at least one reflection signal of the location signal reflected off the target. The second reception antenna is configured to receive the at least one reflection signal. The processing unit is configured to obtain first reception information from the first reception antenna and second reception information from the second reception antenna, perform a comparison of the first and second reception information, and determine a position of the vehicle using the comparison of the first and second reception information.

Abstract: An antenna for transmitting and/or receiving electromagnetic waves having a flat ground plane, and an array of radiating and/or receiving elements. The radiating and/or receiving element has a planar conductor which is arranged in parallel to the ground plane. An L-shaped slot is arranged in the planar conductor.

Abstract: A search system for searching buried persons is provided including a radio device with a receiving device including at least one receiving antenna and adapted to receive the field of a transmitter antenna, wherein the radio device is adapted to determine the direction of the field vector of the transmitter antenna relative to the at least one receiving antenna; as well as a user interface device with at least one interface for interfacing with the radio device, as well as at least one output device for outputting search information derived from the direction of the determined field vector and perceivable by a user; wherein the radio device and the user interface device are each formed as separate units, which are each encompassed by an own housing, and wherein the search system includes determining means for determining the relative orientation of the user interface device to the radio device. Moreover, it relates to a corresponding method for search a buried person.

Abstract: An antenna device that includes a pair of antenna elements for an RFID reader/writer to communicate information with an RFID tag is provided. The antenna elements are movably connected to each other so that one of the antenna elements is configured to intensify the other of the antenna elements to radiate radio wave. The antenna device has at least operation modes, where the antenna elements are in parallel to each other and where the antenna elements are orthogonal to each other. The RFID reader/writer device includes such a pair of antenna elements.

Abstract: A reflector apparatus includes reflectors, which respectively radiate reflected waves in predetermined polarization directions. A polarized wave information reading circuit fixed to a moving body radiates a radio wave toward the reflecting apparatus from a transmitting antenna, receives reflected waves from the reflecting apparatus, and generates a received level difference signal that corresponds to a polarization direction of the received reflected waves. A position calculating circuit calculates a position of the polarized wave information reading circuit based on the received level difference signal.

Abstract: The radio communication system includes a radio transmitter which performs up-sampling on an information signal, and performs modulation on a carrier wave using the sampled information signal to transmit the modulated carrier wave, and a radio receiver which receives transmission waves transmitted from the radio transmitter, and demodulates the information signal. The radio transmitter includes a transmission processing unit that generates the transmission waves, and a transmission unit that rotates polarized waves of the transmission waves with a predetermined rotation frequency, and wirelessly transmits the transmission waves, and the transmission processing unit copies the sampled information signal, multiplies the copied information signals by predetermined weighting factors, and generates the transmission waves by assigning the information signals on a time axis such that the copied information signals are respectively transmitted with different polarization angles.

Abstract: A moving ground penetrating radar is comprised of multiple transmitters and receivers with multiple, e.g., Horizontal and Vertical, polarizations to detect buried targets with standoff capability. Novel signal and imaging techniques are used to form high quality radar imagery with low artifacts that are due to various sources of self-induced resonances, e.g., transmitter-receiver coupling, calibration errors, and motion errors in the multi transmitter/receiver channels of the radar system. The irradiated target area image is formed via exploiting both the spatial diversity of the physical multi-transmitter and multi-receiver array and synthetic aperture/array that is generated by the motion of the platform that carries the radar system. The images that are formed from the multiple polarizations are combined to remove surface targets/clutter and, thus, enhance signatures of buried targets.

Abstract: A high-power broadband radiation system and method are disclosed. The system includes an array of harmonic oscillators with mutual coupling through quadrature oscillators. Based on a self-feeding structure, the presently disclosed harmonic oscillators simultaneously achieve optimum conditions for fundamental oscillation and 2nd-harmonic generation. The signals at the second harmonic radiate through on-chip slot antennas, and are in-phase combined inside a hemispheric silicon lens attached at the backside of the chip. In some embodiments, the radiation of the system can also be modulated by narrow pulses generated on chip, thereby achieving broad radiation bandwidth.

Abstract: Apparatus, method, and system example embodiments provide an improved integrated circuit RF front end to simultaneously transmit and receive signals for radar imaging. In an example embodiment, an apparatus comprises a transceiver coupled to a circularly polarized antenna assembly, capable of transmitting circularly polarized signals that are a component of a multi-signal radar beam; a power amplifier configured to amplify a transmit signal, coupled through isolation couplers to the circularly polarized antenna assembly; a phase shifting block circuit configured to perform phase shifting of a local oscillator signal, in response to the receipt of phase control signals, to perform phased-array beam steering of the multi-signal radar beam when the component circular signals are associated with signals transmitted from other transceivers receiving the phase control signals.

Abstract: An antenna for transmitting and/or receiving-electromagnetic waves has a flat ground plane, and an array of radiating and/or receiving elements. The radiating and/or receiving element comprises a planar conductor which is arranged in parallel to the ground plane. An L-shaped slot is arranged in the planar conductor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and a transceiver device in a wireless communication system that enable tuning of the polarization generated by a cross-polarized transmitting antenna configuration of an eNB. This is addressed by a solution where the polarization is adjusted (320) based on a quality indicator e.g. received (310) from one or more UEs. The quality indicator indicates the quality of the communication between the eNB and the UEs, and is used to determine if the adjustment of the antenna configuration is improving the quality of the communication or not. The tuning is thus an iteration (330) of the steps of adjusting (320) the polarization and of receiving (310) the quality indicator, and when the quality indicator has reached a pre-determined value, the iteration is stopped.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided that involve obtaining emissivity and reflectivity by the ratio of the radiance temperature versus the sea level temperature as observed by a satellite, and may further calculate two reflectivity values observed or simulated by the vertical or horizontal polarized channels of microwave, and then estimate a surface roughness. Further, illustrative implementations may involve obtaining the regression relation expression between the surface roughness and the wind strength and then detecting the sea-surface wind, using the information observed by the satellite again. As such, the sea-surface wind information can be obtained through satellite observation, and the information can be utilized for preventive activities against disaster including typhoon, the energy industry including wind power and the fishery in quasi-real time.

Abstract: A method and system for transmitting three distinct electromagnetic signals on a same frequency are provided. One or more transmitting devices transmit a first data signal and an inverse of the first data signal in two orthogonal linear polarities of an antenna maintaining their inverted phase relationship and a same amplitude as propagated. Transmitting devices also transmit a second data signal in a linear polarity with a 45 degree rotation around the transmit axis of the first data signal. Transmitting devices also transmit a third data signal in linear polarity orthogonal to the second data signal and consequently 315 degree rotation around the transmit axis from the first data signal.

Abstract: A method for detecting hidden explosives or weapons, including transmitting a signal in different polarization channels towards an object, the next stage includes collecting back scattered energy in different polarization channels from the object, the next stage includes determining parameters that are dependent upon the transmitted signal polarization channels and the backscattered energy polarization channels, and providing an indication if there are hidden explosives or weapons in the object based on the parameters.

Abstract: A radar level gauge system for determining a filling level in a tank. The radar level gauge system comprises a transceiver, a horn antenna having a first opening connected to the transceiver and a second opening facing a surface of the product in the tank, and processing circuitry connected to the transceiver for determining the filling level based on an electromagnetic surface reflection signal. The horn antenna is configured in such a way that an electrical distance from the first opening to the second opening, along a path defined by an intersection between a wall of the horn antenna and a half-plane starting from and extending in parallel with a cone axis of the horn antenna, is different for different orientations of the half-plane with respect to the cone axis. Hereby, disturbance from an antenna reflection signal can be reduced, which provides for improved measurement of high filling levels.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention are directed to improving the sensitivity in polarimetric radar data. In particular, embodiments of the invention improve the sensitivity of such systems with improved post processing techniques. The sensitivity can be improved by using the co-polar elements (off diagonal elements) of the covariance matrix in power and/or reflectivity determinations. This can not only improve the sensitivity but may also enhance identification and improve quantitative estimates of precipitation.

Abstract: Apparatus, method, and system example embodiments provide an improved integrated circuit RF front end to simultaneously transmit and receive signals for radar imaging. In an example embodiment, an apparatus comprises a transceiver coupled to a circularly polarized antenna assembly, capable of transmitting circularly polarized signals that are a component of a multi-signal radar beam; a power amplifier configured to amplify a transmit signal, coupled through isolation couplers to the circularly polarized antenna assembly; a phase shifting block circuit configured to perform phase shifting of a local oscillator signal, in response to the receipt of phase control signals, to perform phased-array beam steering of the multi-signal radar beam when the component circular signals are associated with signals transmitted from other transceivers receiving the phase control signals.

Abstract: A mobile object detecting apparatus includes first radiation detecting means; and second radiation detecting means for radiating an electromagnetic wave having the same frequency as the electromagnetic wave radiated by the first radiation detecting means such that the radiated electromagnetic wave passes near a point in the first radiation detecting means from which the electromagnetic wave is radiated, and detecting a standing wave which is generated due to reflection of the radiated electromagnetic wave at an object; wherein a distance, over which the electromagnetic wave radiated by the first radiation detecting means travels until it reaches near the first radiation detecting means, corresponds to a distance of an integral multiple of a wave length of a half cycle of the electromagnetic waves radiated by the radiation detecting means plus a wave length of a predetermined period which is smaller than the half cycle.

Abstract: A system and method for detecting dangerous objects and substances are disclosed. According to one embodiment, a method comprises generating a microwave signal that is reflected by a target to render one or more reflected signals. The one or more reflected signals are received at an antenna array. The one or more reflected signals are converted into digital reflected signals. The microwave signal is converted into a digital signal. The digital reflected signals and the digital signal are processed to determine the three dimensional position of the target. The digital reflected signals and the digital signal are processed to identify the target. The digital reflected signals and the digital signal are processed to determine a state of the target; and determine whether the target a dangerous object.