Abstract: A technique for performing convolution operations is disclosed. The technique includes performing a first convolution operation based on a first convolutional layer input image to generate at least a portion of a first convolutional layer output image; while performing the first convolution operation, performing a second convolution operation based on a second convolutional layer input image to generate at least a portion of a second convolutional layer output image, wherein the second convolutional layer input image is based on the first convolutional layer output image; storing the portion of the first convolutional layer output image in a first memory dedicated to storing image data for convolution operations; and storing the portion of the second convolutional layer output image in a second memory dedicated to storing image data for convolution operations.

Abstract: A wireless multimode system includes: an array of N antenna elements that includes a first portion of M antenna elements and a second portion of L antenna elements; M transmission amplifiers configured to transmit, via the M antenna elements, frames of transmit data, where the frames of transmit data include transmit radar signals and transmit communication signals; M reception amplifiers configured to receive, via the M antenna elements, frames of receive data, where the frames of receive data includes receive communication signals; and L reception amplifiers configured to receive, via the L antenna elements, receive radar signals; and a resource scheduler configured to allocate bandwidth for transmit radar signals and transmit communication signals within the frames of transmit data based on one or more predetermined parameters.

Abstract: A wiring module 20 is included in a power storage module 2 including a plurality of power storage elements 10 each having electrode terminals 11A and 11B and is connected to the power storage elements 10. The wiring module 20 includes a flexible FPC 21A including a first conductive path 23 and a circuit board 30 including a second conductive path that is electrically connected to the first conductive path 23. The FPC 21A includes a main body portion 24 and a circuit connecting portion 27 that extends from the main body portion 24 and is overlaid on the circuit board 30. The first conductive path 23 includes a first land 23A included in the circuit connecting portion 27. The second conductive path includes a second land 32A that is electrically connected to the first land 23A. The connected portion between the first land 23A and the second land 32A is covered by a covering portion 60 constituted by a resin having insulating properties.

Abstract: A generator of a frequency modulated radar signal includes a generator of a periodic signal frequency modulated over a part Tramp of a period T, corresponding to a square signal of which the frequency varies linearly in a first frequency band Bin of central frequency fin; an oscillator generating a sinusoidal signal of frequency fc>fin and included in a second frequency band Bamp>Bin and corresponding to the linear variation of the frequency of the radar signal; and means coupled to an electrical supply input of the oscillator such that they generate a voltage for supplying the oscillator at the frequency of the frequency modulated periodic signal.

Abstract: A radar device is disclosed. The present disclosure in some embodiment provides a radar device configured to detect a target in front by using an antenna configured to transmit and receive a radar signal, including a housing having an upper side formed with an aperture to which a radome is coupled, a radar package disposed inside the housing and comprising the antenna, a signal processor, and a target information calculator, and a circuit board mounted with the radar package and a power block.

Abstract: A system includes a millimeter-wave radar sensor disposed on a circuit board, a plurality of antennas coupled to the millimeter-wave radar sensor and disposed on the circuit board, and a processing circuit coupled to the millimeter-wave radar sensor and disposed on the circuit board. The processing circuit is configured to determine vital signal information based on output from the millimeter-wave radar sensor.

Abstract: Provided are a method and electronic device for inferring an object in an image using a convolutional neural network (CNN) model. The method includes including: identifying a first region of interest in a first frame in the moving image, and a first object in the first region of interest, by providing the first frame to convolution layer groups sequentially connected in the CNN model, identifying a second region of interest in a second frame, the second region of interest corresponding to the first region of interest, and the second frame being after the first frame, providing the second region of interest to the CNN model, and obtaining first output data output from a first convolution layer group from among the convolution layer groups, and determining whether to identify a second object in the second region of interest by using a second convolution layer group, based on the first output data.

Abstract: A radar system is described herein. The radar system includes a printed circuit board (PCB) that includes a metallized top layer and a substrate layer that is adjacent the metallized top layer. The substrate layer includes a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW), and the metallized layer has a slotted taper etched therein. The slotted taper is positioned relative to the SIW such that an electromagnetic signal generated by a monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) passes from the slotted taper to the SIW without an intervening microstrip line. The radar system further includes a housing that acts both to disperse heat and to suppress undesired electromagnetic radiation.

Abstract: A radome for on-board radar devices 1 is provided with heater wires 3 wired in parallel so as to be separated from each other in a plane direction of an electromagnetic-wave-transmitting base member. A line pitch d of the heater wires 3 arranged in parallel in an electromagnetic-wave transmission region R of the base member is set to 0.2 to 2.5 times a wavelength of electromagnetic waves of the radar of an on-board radar device. A surface occupancy rate of the heater wires 3 arranged in parallel in the electromagnetic-wave transmission region R of the base member is set to be greater than 10% to 35%. The present invention provides a radome for on-board radar devices with which it is possible to obtain an electromagnetic-wave transmission property required of a radome, and to melt snow satisfactorily with a high heater performance.

Abstract: A radar sensor having at least one antenna structure and at least one coupling structure, which is designed to couple substrate waves out of an antenna substrate used as a carrier for the antenna structure and the coupling structure, and to emit them as coupled waves into an emission region. The radar sensor has an absorber which is situated in the emission region in order to absorb the coupled waves.

Abstract: A semiconductor device comprises a substrate having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface, at least one connection element arranged on the first surface of the substrate to electrically and mechanically connect the substrate to a printed circuit board, and a radar semiconductor chip arranged on the first surface of the substrate.

Abstract: An electronic device comprises: a transmission antenna configured to transmit transmission waves; a reception antenna configured to receive reflected waves resulting from reflection of the transmission waves; and a controller. The controller is configured to detect an object reflecting the transmission waves, based on a transmission signal transmitted as the transmission waves and a reception signal received as the reflected waves. The controller is configured to make a range of detection of the object by the transmission signal and the reception signal, variable.

Abstract: Examples relate to a method for processing beamformed data of a medium. The beamformed data includes a first set of beamformed data associated with a first spatial region and a second set of beamformed data associated with a second spatial region, and the method includes estimating the clutter caused by the second spatial region at the first set.

Abstract: Systems, circuits, and methods for synchronizing devices in the time-domain are provided. A method, according to one implementation, includes determining a round-trip number based on a width of one cycle of a timestamping clock signal. The round-trip number is equal to a plurality of times that a clock signal is to be transmitted in a loop from a timing-leader component to a timing-follower component and back to the timing-leader component. The method also includes utilizing the timestamping clock signal to detect a cumulative time delay that results when the clock signal is transmitted in the loop a number of times equal to the round-trip number. The cumulative time delay is configured to enable synchronization of the timing-follower component with the timing-leader component.

Abstract: An antenna for improving an influence of surface waves and increasing a beamwidth includes: a substrate, a first metal ground, a second metal ground, an emitting end and a receiving module. The first metal ground and the second metal ground are disposed on a first surface of the substrate. The second metal ground is completely separated from the first metal ground by a first gap. The emitting end is disposed on the first metal ground and includes a transmission line and a plurality of radiating elements. The receiving module is disposed on the second metal ground and includes a first receiving end and a second receiving end. The first receiving end includes a transmission line and a plurality of radiating elements. The second receiving end includes a transmission line and a plurality of radiating elements.

Abstract: Provided is a millimeter-wave radar package module, which relates to antenna packaging. The millimeter wave radar package module includes a package and a plurality of antenna units packaged therein. The package includes a chip, and the chip includes a transmitter and a receiver. The antenna units are respectively connected to an output pin of the receiver and an output pin of the transmitter through a transmission line.

Abstract: A wireless multimode system includes: an array of N antenna elements that includes a first portion of M antenna elements and a second portion of L antenna elements; M transmission amplifiers configured to transmit, via the M antenna elements, frames of transmit data, where the frames of transmit data include transmit radar signals and transmit communication signals; M reception amplifiers configured to receive, via the M antenna elements, frames of receive data, where the frames of receive data includes receive communication signals; and L reception amplifiers configured to receive, via the L antenna elements, receive radar signals; and a resource scheduler configured to allocate bandwidth for transmit radar signals and transmit communication signals within the frames of transmit data based on one or more predetermined parameters.

Abstract: A single-layer Wide Angle Impedance Matching (WAIM) and method for using the same are described. In one embodiment, the antenna comprises: an aperture having a plurality of antenna elements operable to radiating radio-frequency (RF) energy; and a single-layer wide angle impedance matching (WAIM) structure coupled to the aperture to provide impedance matching between the antenna aperture and free space.

Abstract: A vehicular radar sensor includes an emission part for emitting an electromagnetic wave and a reception part for receiving an electromagnetic wave, and a waveguide including a restriction portion, which is open at front and rear surfaces thereof so as to allow an electromagnetic wave to be transmitted therethrough and which is fixed at the open rear surface thereof to the antenna and extends outwards from a front end of the antenna, and a flaring portion, which extends outwards with an increasing cross-sectional area from a front end of the restriction portion.

Abstract: A semiconductor device comprises a substrate having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface, at least one connection element arranged on the first surface of the substrate to electrically and mechanically connect the substrate to a printed circuit board, and a radar semiconductor chip arranged on the first surface of the substrate.

Abstract: A radio frequency (RF) circuit includes an input terminal configured to receive a reception signal from an antenna; an output terminal configured to output a digital output signal; a receive path including a mixer and an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), wherein the receive path is coupled to and between the input and output terminals, wherein the receive path includes an analog portion and a digital portion, and wherein the ADC generates a digital signal based on an analog signal received from the analog portion; a test signal generator configured to generate an analog test signal injected into the analog portion of the receive path; and a digital processor configured to receive a digital test signal from the digital portion, the digital test signal being derived from the analog test signal, analyze a frequency spectrum of the digital test signal, and determine a quality of the digital test signal.

Abstract: An antenna module (1) according to the present disclosure has a dielectric substrate (20), an array antenna (10) including a plurality of patch antennas (111), an RFIC (40) electrically connected to the plurality of patch antennas (111), a signal conductor post (131) electrically connected to the RFIC (40), and a ground conductor post (132) set at a ground potential. The ground conductor post (132) is arranged, when viewed from a direction perpendicular to a first main surface of the dielectric substrate (20), between the signal conductor post (131) and a first side surface closest to the signal conductor post (131) of the dielectric substrate (20) in a polarizing direction of radio frequency signals to be emitted or received by the plurality of patch antennas (111).

Abstract: Example radar systems are presented herein. A radar system may include an input layer having a feed waveguide and a first portion of a first waveguide section. The antenna system also includes a first dividing layer having a second portion of the first waveguide section and a first portion of a second waveguide section. The antenna system also includes a second dividing layer having a second portion of the second waveguide section and a first portion of a third waveguide section. Additionally, the antenna system includes an antenna layer having a plurality of radiating elements arranged in a linear array and a second portion of the third waveguide section. The antenna system further includes a path length from the feed waveguide to each radiating element is the same as the path length for each other radiating element.

Abstract: A mechanism is provided for determining an unambiguous direction of arrival (DoA) for radio frequency (RF) signals received by a sparse array. A DoA angle domain is split into hypothesis regions. The hypothesis regions are derived from the phase differences of the antenna element pairs used for the DoA angle estimate. In each hypothesis region, the ambiguous phase of antenna element pairs is unwrapped according to expected wrap-around. After unwrapping the phase, for each hypothesis region, a phasor is calculated by combining the individual antenna element pair phasors. The hypothesis region that obtains the phasor with a largest amplitude is selected as the most likely DoA region and the phase of the winning phasor is used as an unambiguous estimate for the DoA angle.

Abstract: Example electrical power systems include an output for supplying a DC output voltage to a load, a first power source connected with the output to supply DC power to the load, and a second power source connected with the output to supply DC power to the load. The electrical power system is configured to supply DC power to the load using only the first power source when a demand of the load is less than an output capacity of the first power source, and the second power source is configured to maintain an enabled on-state when only the first power source is supplying DC power to the load. Additional electrical power systems and methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed are a double frequency vertical polarization antenna and a television. The double frequency vertical polarization antenna includes a dielectric substrate, and the dielectric substrate includes a power feeding surface and a mounting surface arranged oppositely. The double frequency vertical polarization antenna further includes a power feeder and an antenna part. The power feeder is provided on the power feeding surface of the dielectric substrate, and the antenna part is provided on the mounting surface of the dielectric substrate. The antenna part includes a high-frequency radiation unit and a low-frequency radiation unit spaced apart from each other. Both the high-frequency radiation unit and the low-frequency radiation unit are penetrated through the dielectric substrate and electrically connected to the power feeder.

Abstract: The description below relates to a method for a radar sensor. According to one example implementation, the method comprises receiving configuration data and storing the received configuration data in a first radar chip having multiple transmission channels. The configuration data contain multiple parameter sets for a chirp sequence and association information representing an association of a respective chirp of the chirp sequence with one of the multiple parameter sets. The method further comprises receiving a trigger signal in the first radar chip. The trigger signal indicates the beginning of a respective chirp of the chirp sequence. The transmission channels mentioned are repeatedly configured in sync with the trigger signal, wherein for each chirp of the chirp sequence the transmission channels are configured according to the respective association information.

Abstract: The present invention comprises radar detection of rail car truck assembly features to determine the presence of a rail vehicle comprising a car, axle count of the vehicle, and the travel direction of and speed of a rail car.

Abstract: A reception power supplying unit generates each of reception signals before and after a switching operation. A signal processing circuit generates each of difference signals before and after the switching operation on the basis of the reception signal and a reference signal. A phase difference detector calculates, as a transmission phase difference, the phase difference between transmission power supplying units on the basis of the respective difference signals, and adjusts a phase shift amount on the basis of the transmission phase difference and a set phase difference that is previously set.

Abstract: A method for operating multiple sensors of a vehicle in at least partially spatially coinciding detection areas and in a shared frequency domain. In the method, at a transmission point in time, at least two sensors transmit simultaneously on separate instantaneous frequencies separated by a frequency gap, the frequency gap including at least one instantaneous receive bandwidth of the sensors, each instantaneous frequency being blocked for a use by the sensors after the transmission point in time for the duration of a time gap, the time gap including at least one signal propagation time across a reception range of the sensors.

Abstract: A semiconductor device package includes a first substrate, an antenna, a support layer, a dielectric layer and a second substrate. The first substrate has a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface. The antenna element is disposed on the second surface of the first substrate. The support layer is disposed on the first surface of the first substrate and at the periphery of the first surface of the first substrate. The support layer has a first surface facing away from the first substrate. The dielectric layer is disposed on the first surface of the support layer and spaced apart from the first substrate. The dielectric layer is chemically bonded to the support layer. The second substrate is disposed on a first surface of the dielectric layer facing away from the support layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides an unmanned aerial vehicle built-in dual-band antenna and an unmanned aerial vehicle. The unmanned aerial vehicle built-in dual-band antenna includes a first frequency band microstrip antenna and a second frequency band microstrip antenna. The first frequency band microstrip antenna includes a first substrate, a first microstrip feeder and a grounding terminal that are disposed on a first surface of the first substrate, a grounding terminal disposed on a second surface of the first substrate and a feeding coaxial line. A feed terminal of the feeding coaxial line is connected to a first terminal of the first microstrip feeder, and a grounding terminal of the feeding coaxial line is connected to the grounding terminal of the first surface. The grounding terminal of the first surface is connected to the grounding terminal of the second surface. The second frequency band microstrip antenna includes a second substrate and a second microstrip feeder disposed on the second substrate.

Abstract: A chip package includes a semiconductor substrate, a supporting element, an antenna layer, and a redistribution layer. The semiconductor substrate has an inclined sidewall and a conductive pad that protrudes from the inclined sidewall. The supporting element is located on the semiconductor substrate, and has a top surface facing away from the semiconductor substrate, and has an inclined sidewall adjoining the top surface. The antenna layer is located on the top surface of the supporting element. The redistribution layer is located on the inclined sidewall of the supporting element, and is in contact with a sidewall of the conductive pad and an end of the antenna.

Abstract: A method for a radar system is described. In accordance with one example implementation, the method comprises generating a frequency-modulated RF oscillator signal and feeding the RF oscillator signal to a first transmitting channel and a second transmitting channel. The method further comprises generating a first RF transmission signal in the first transmitting channel based on the RF oscillator signal, emitting the first RF transmission signal via a first transmitting antenna, receiving a first RF radar signal via a receiving antenna, and converting the first RF radar signal to a baseband, as a result of which a first baseband signal is obtained, which has a first signal component having a first frequency and a first phase, where the first signal component is assignable to direct crosstalk from the first transmitting antenna. This procedure is repeated for the second transmitting channel.

Abstract: A vehicle includes a millimeter wave (mmWave) antenna, including a millimeter wave (mmWave) antenna, including a plurality of light elements and a plurality of active antenna elements in a predefined configuration surrounding a lensless camera element. The vehicle further includes an antenna controller configured to receive an image of a second mmWave antenna of a second vehicle via the lensless camera of the mmWave antenna, identify a scale and angle of rotation between the mmWave antenna and the second mmWave antenna based on the image, compute phase angles for the active antenna elements of the mmWave antenna according to the scale and angle of rotation, and transmit data using the active antenna elements to the second vehicle, according to the computed phase angles, to form a beam targeted at the second mmWave antenna of the second vehicle.

Abstract: A radio frequency (RF) system includes an RF integrated circuit (IC) die, and an antenna coupled to the RF IC die. The RF system further includes a reflector layer over the RF IC die, the reflector layer extending over at least a portion of the antenna, a combination of the antenna and the reflector layer having a radiation pattern that comprises a main lobe in a first direction parallel to a top surface of the reflector layer.

Abstract: A sensor mounting structure for a vehicle includes: a fender panel; a cowl side panel provided at a lateral side of a cowl and disposed at an inner side, in a vehicle transverse direction, of the fender panel; a peripheral information detection sensor disposed at an inner side of the rear portion of the fender panel and at an outer side of the cowl side panel, the peripheral information detection sensor having a detection portion facing toward an outer side; and a mounting bracket having a vertical wall to which the peripheral information detection sensor is fixed, the mounting bracket being fixed to a vehicle body side member and being disposed between the peripheral information detection sensor and the cowl side panel.

Abstract: A vehicular sensing system includes a control and a mounting carrier that is configured to support a plurality of sensor units at a vehicle so that the plurality of sensor units have respective fields of sensing exterior of the vehicle. The mounting carrier includes an electrical connector that is configured to electrically connect to an electrical connector of the vehicle. The sensor units are electrically connected to the electrical connector of the mounting carrier. The control, responsive to outputs of the sensor units, determines the presence of one or more objects within the field of sensing of at least one of the sensor units, and obtains height data pertaining to the height of the determined object. Responsive at least in part to the obtained height data, the control determines (i) that the determined object comprises a pedestrian, (ii) that the determined object comprises a curb and/or (iii) clearance information.

Abstract: A fixed beam high gain antenna for generating high gain for satellite communication ground terminals includes a multi-layer PCB having a top surface forming a rear surface of the antenna and a bottom layer forming a front surface of the antenna; an antenna array including a plurality of antenna patches on the front surface of the antenna and a plurality of application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) on the rear surface of the antenna; wherein the antenna array comprises at least one antenna unit cell each including one of the plurality of ASICs in connection with a corresponding plurality of the plurality of antenna patches; wherein each one of the plurality of ASICs is centrally positioned and surrounded by the corresponding plurality of antenna patches; and wherein a reduced length of the connection between each of the plurality of ASICs and the corresponding plurality of antenna patches minimizes RF transmission loss.

Abstract: A sensor mounting structure for a vehicle includes: a fender panel; a cowl side panel provided at a lateral side of a cowl and disposed at an inner side, in a vehicle transverse direction, of the fender panel; a peripheral information detection sensor disposed at an inner side of the rear portion of the fender panel and at an outer side of the cowl side panel, the peripheral information detection sensor having a detection portion facing toward an outer side; and a mounting bracket having a vertical wall to which the peripheral information detection sensor is fixed, the mounting bracket being fixed to a vehicle body side member and being disposed between the peripheral information detection sensor and the cowl side panel.

Abstract: A method of providing an increase of communication capacity in a communications system is disclosed. The method is performed in a network device and comprises: establishing a need for a communication capacity increase in a first coverage area C1, directing an unmanned aerial vehicle comprising an access node towards the first coverage area C1, and providing communication resources by the access node of the unmanned aerial vehicle to meet the communication capacity increase in a first coverage area C1. A method in an unmanned aerial vehicle, a network device, unmanned aerial vehicle, computer programs and computer program products are also provided.

Abstract: Antenna assemblies for vehicles, such as RADAR sensor antenna assemblies. In some embodiments, the assembly may comprise an antenna block defining an array of waveguide grooves on a first side of the antenna block. A slotted layer comprising a plurality of slots may be coupled with the antenna block with the slots at least partially aligned with the waveguide grooves of the antenna block. An adhesive layer may be positioned in between the antenna block and the slotted layer.

Abstract: A transportation apparatus includes an external detection device configured to detect an object. The external detection device is disposed further on an inner side than an outer surface of the transportation apparatus, on the outer surface, a lid member is attached to be removable and cover an irradiation surface when viewed from a perpendicular direction perpendicular to the irradiation surface of the external detection device, the lid member is formed so as to be removable from an abutment portion provided on the outer surface by being pressed from an inside, the outer surface is provided with an opening portion disposed close to the abutment portion, and the lid member is disposed so as to be pressable from the inside through the opening portion.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a magnetic resonance imaging system with motion detection for examination of a patient (53), the magnetic resonance imaging system comprising an RF coil arrangement with an RF coil (4) for transmitting and/or receiving an RF signal for generating a magnetic resonance image wherein the RF coil arrangement is provided with an additional RF sensor (5) for transmitting an RF transmit signal which is adapted for interacting with the tissue (23) of the patient (53) allowing to sense motion signals due to motions of the patient (53) simultaneously to transmitting and/or receiving the RF signal for generating the magnetic resonance image. In this way movements of a patient under examination in an MRI system may be detected in an efficient and reliable way.

Abstract: A phased array system includes an antenna system includes multiple antennas configured to transmit or receive signals and a power supply circuit configured to generate a supply power and provide the supply power to a plurality of distributed power supply circuits. The phased array system includes distributed power supply circuits, each of the plurality of distributed power supply circuits configured to receive the supply power from the power supply circuit and generate radio frequency supply powers for one multiple radio frequency circuits. The phased array system includes radio frequency circuits, each of the radio frequency circuits configured to cause one of the antennas to transmit or receive the signals based on the plurality of radio frequency supply powers.

Abstract: A laser pulse sampling and detecting circuit includes: a laser driver which is driven by a triggering signal for generating laser pulse signal; a photoelectric converter for converting the laser pulse signal into current pulse signal; an amplifier for amplifying and converting the current pulse signal into voltage pulse signal; an ADC which is driven by a sampling clock signal for sampling the voltage pulse signal and performing analog-to-digital conversion on the voltage pulse signal, so as to obtain output signal of the ADC; a detector for detecting the output signal of the ADC, so as to obtain peak power and FWHM of the laser pulse signal; and a clock generator for generating the sampling clock signal. Phase of the sampling clock signal consecutively changes with respect to the triggering signal.

Abstract: An echo image generating device may be provided, which includes a signal acquiring module, a sensitivity setting module, and a screen generating module. The signal acquiring module may acquire an echo signal from a target object around a ship. The sensitivity setting module may perform a first sensitivity setting for the echo signal in a first range, and a second sensitivity setting for the echo signal in a second range without including the first range, the second sensitivity setting being different from the first sensitivity setting. The screen generating module may generate an echo image of the first range based on the first sensitivity setting, and generate an echo image of the second range based on the second sensitivity setting.

Abstract: Systems and methods include emitting transmit signals from two or more non-coherent radar systems. A method also includes receiving reflected signals at the two or more non-coherent radar systems based respectively on the transmit signals from each of the two or more non-coherent radar systems being reflected by one or more objects. The non-coherent radar systems exhibit an uncorrelated phase relationship in the reflected signals received at each of the two or more non-coherent radar systems. The reflected signals are processed to obtain a joint metric that is used to identify and estimate an angle to each of the one or more objects.

Abstract: System and method embodiments are provided to achieve efficient Direct Mobile Communications (DMC) and device-to-device (D2D) communications for terminal based groups with improved spectrum efficiency, reduced interference, and virtual full duplex operation mode. The embodiments include a distributed mechanism for D2D communications that enables one or more cooperating UEs (CUEs) to help one or more target UEs (TUEs) with limited additional signaling overhead and relatively simple implementation. The mechanism comprises a grantless multi-dimensional multiplexing scheme that uses low density spreading (LDS) over time, frequency, and/or space domains to enable data forwarding between multiple half-duplex terminals or UEs while allowing the UEs to operate in virtual full-duplex mode.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for preventing damage to underground assets caused by earth work or construction equipment and vehicles. The system includes a central data system, which has access to asset location and map data, and a GPS enabled tracking device provided in the vehicle. The system operates by comparing the real-time vehicle location to the stored asset locations, displaying the map, asset information and vehicle location to the vehicle operator and generating alerts when the vehicle breaches a perimeter around an asset. Preferably, both the central data system and the tracking unit are configured to operate together and in parallel, thereby improving the reliability of the system. In addition, the system is also specifically configured to implement various approaches for using and displaying asset location data during monitoring operations while preserving the confidentiality and security of sensitive information.