Abstract: A narrow band antenna is configured to guide a munition toward a target location during a flight of the munition from a launch location toward the target location. The antenna has a first mode of operation operable during a first portion of the flight at a first bandwidth, and a second mode of operation operable during a second portion of the flight at a second bandwidth, the second bandwidth being a harmonic of the first bandwidth, and may be a third harmonic of the first bandwidth. The method includes transmitting a target location information to the munition in the first bandwidth during the first portion of the flight and then transmitting the target location information to the munition in the second bandwidth during the second portion of the flight. The first band may be X-band and the second band may be Ka-band.

Abstract: A method is provided of operating a vehicle radar system in which at least one radar sensor is arranged for detecting targets in the surroundings of the vehicle. At least one two-dimensional spectrum is provided which is specific for detecting the at least one radar sensor. A main processing step is then performed for target separation in which modeling on the basis of the at least one provided two-dimensional spectrum is performed by means of parameter estimation such that the targets are detected.

Abstract: A radio altimeter includes an electronically scanned array antenna. Orthogonal sweeps by the electronically scanned array antenna are used to identify a highest point in a region beneath the aircraft without the need for strong reflection. The electronically scanned array antenna may be reconfigured to scan a subregion including the highest point with a higher frequency beam and/or integrate multiple sweeps over time for a more accurate measurement.

Abstract: A cascaded radar system is provided that includes a first radar system-on-a-chip (SOC) operable to perform an initial portion of signal processing for object detection on digital beat signals generated by multiple receive channels of the radar SOC, a second radar SOC operable to perform the initial portion of signal processing for object detection on digital beat signals generated by multiple receive channels in the radar SOC, and a processing unit coupled to the first radar SOC and the second radar SOC to receive results of the initial portion of signal processing from each radar SOC, the processing unit operable to perform a remaining portion of the signal processing for object detection using these results.

Abstract: A cascaded radar system is provided that includes a first radar system-on-a-chip (SOC) operable to perform an initial portion of signal processing for object detection on digital beat signals generated by multiple receive channels of the radar SOC, a second radar SOC operable to perform the initial portion of signal processing for object detection on digital beat signals generated by multiple receive channels in the radar SOC, and a processing unit coupled to the first radar SOC and the second radar SOC to receive results of the initial portion of signal processing from each radar SOC, the processing unit operable to perform a remaining portion of the signal processing for object detection using these results.

Abstract: The invention relates to a new method and system for detection and removal of rain from video using temporal/spatiotemporal properties. Advantageously, the temporal/spatiotemporal properties are involved to separate the rain pixels from the non-rain pixels. It is thus possible by way of the present invention to involve less number of consecutive frames, reducing the buffer size and delay. It works only on the intensity plane which reduces the complexity and execution time significantly along with accurate rain detection. This new technique does not assume the shape, size and velocity of the raindrops which makes it robust to different rain conditions. This method reduces the buffer size which reduces the system cost, delay and power consumption while maintaining sufficient quality of rain detection.

Abstract: This disclosure provides a method of detecting a target object by receiving reflection echoes of detection signals transmitted sequentially from a revolving antenna, and by detecting a target object based on detection data resulted from sampling reception signals at a predetermined time interval. The method comprises temporarily storing the detection data within a predetermined geographical range, and identifying the type of the reflection echo based on a change between values of the detection data at physically-close locations within the predetermined geographical range.

Abstract: A logging system and method for measuring propped fractures and down-hole subterranean formation conditions including: a radar source; an optical source; an optical modulator for modulating an optical signal from the optical source according to a signal from the radar source; a photodiode for converting the modulated optical signal output from the optical modulator to the source radar signal. A transmitter and receiver unit receives the source radar signal from the photodiode and transmits the source radar signal via at least one antenna attached to the casing and in communication with at least one photodiode into the formation and receives a reflected radar signal. A mixer mixes the reflected radar signal with the source radar signal to provide an output. This can describe fractures connected to the wellbore and differentiate between the dimensions of the two vertical wings of a propped fracture.

Abstract: A UWB RF detector employs a pulsed self-oscillating mixer (SOM) and an output integrator to provide low-noise preamplification, mixing and sampling. The SOM produces short-burst, microwave self-oscillations that are phase-locked to a clock. The self-oscillations are used for mixing. The SOM can also radiate UWB RF pulses. A one-transistor SOM can simultaneously implement both a UWB emitter and a UWB detector in a radar transceiver. A control loop can stabilize the self-oscillations at nanowatt levels. Nanowatt UWB radars and radios can be realized, thereby opening new spectral bands beyond those formally designated for UWB operation.

Abstract: A real-time radar surveillance system comprises at least one land-based non-coherent radar sensor apparatus adapted for detecting maneuvering targets and targets of small or low radar cross-section. The radar sensor apparatus includes a marine radar device, a digitizer connected to the marine radar device for receiving therefrom samples of radar video echo signals, and computer programmed to implement a software-configurable radar processor generating target data including detection data and track data, the computer being connectable to a computer network including a database. The processor is figured to transmit at least a portion of the target data over the network to the database, the database being accessible via the network by at least one user application that receives target data from the database, the user application providing a user interface for at least one user of the system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field active electronic scanning radar systems. It provides an architecture for active antenna radar based on a functional unit, the elementary radar unit. The elementary radar unit comprises all of the functions required for generating N independent radar channels. In this regard, it comprises a radiating face with N radiating elements and means for independently generating the radar waves emitted by each of the radiating elements and all of the functions for receiving the waves picked up by this radiating element, together with the digitization of the video signal obtained after reception. It also comprises local digital processing means allowing the digital signals coming from the N channels to be jointly processed.

Abstract: A method compresses synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data by sampling the SAR data into blocks and transforming each block to a corresponding block of transform coefficients. Each block of transform coefficient is quantized according to a quantization parameter to obtain a corresponding block of quantized transform coefficients, which are demultiplexed into sets of blocks of quantized transform coefficients. The quantized transform coefficients in the blocks in each set are arithmetically encoding in parallel according to a probability model to produce an intermediate bitstream for each set of blocks. The encoding of the quantized transform coefficients of one block is independent of the quantized transform coefficients of a successive block. The intermediate of bitstreams are then multiplexed to a compressed bitstream, which can be transmitted, or stored, for subsequent decoding to construct an SAR image.

Abstract: A computer software program which plots radar video data on a display screen for viewing by a user in a format that emulates a real display. The radar video data the program plots on the display screen is either recorded radar video data generated by a missile radar video seeker or telemetered radar video data generated by the radar video seeker. The display screen display multiple radar scans of video data in the form of a graph or plot on the display screen.

Abstract: A computer software program which plots radar video data on a display screen for viewing by a user in a format that emulates a real display. The radar video data the program plots on the display screen is either recorded radar video data generated by a missile radar video seeker or telemetered radar video data generated by the radar video seeker. The display screen display multiple radar scans of video data in the form of a graph or plot on the display screen.

Abstract: In a holographic surveillance system (10) for near real-time imaging of a target (15), a source of RF radiation directs a non-amplified reference beam of pulsed coherent RF electromagnetic radiation toward a target. An array of antennas (31) receives a reflected beam from the target together with a component of the reference beam so as to produce a signal representative of phase and amplitude data of received energy, and a processor (20) processes the signals so as to produce a holographic image for display on a display device coupled to the processor.

Abstract: A method for estimating unknown parameters (pan angle (?), instantaneous tilt angle (?) and road geometry of an upcoming road segment) for a vehicle object detection system. The vehicle object detection system is preferably a forward looking, radar-cued vision system having a camera, a radar sensor and an processing unit. The method first estimates the pan angle (?), then corrects the coordinates from a radar track so that pan angle (?) can be treated as zero, and finally solves a least squares problem that determines best estimates for instantaneous tilt angle (?) and road geometry. Estimating these parameters enables the vehicle object detection system to identify, interpret and locate objects in a more accurate and efficient manner.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a radio wave receiving system. The system includes an antenna that is operable for receiving a received signal. The received signal contains information. The radio wave receiving system also includes a reference signal generator that is operable for generating a reference signal. In addition, a selective output device is included that is operable for selectively outputting the received signal and the reference signal to a transmission path. The system also includes an information acquiring device that is operable for generating a signal component indicating a signal level difference between the received signal and the reference signal. The information acquiring device is further operable for acquiring the information from the signal component.

Abstract: A system for analyzing and displaying radar information comprises: a transmit and receive unit operable to transmit radar signals to a survey volume and to receive radar returned radar signals, a processing unit operable to: receive radar data from the returned radar signals, reduce the data into depth bins, each with a score based on received signal strength, create connections among depth bins based on respective scores, and to eliminate ones of the depth bins that do not meet a threshold number of connections, the system further comprising a display unit operable to create a display of at least a subset of the depth bins that are not eliminated by the processing unit.

Abstract: A method of detecting a target in a scene comprises the steps of generating a comparison of the value of data elements in first and second data sets, the data elements corresponding to returns from the same part of the scene and setting a detection threshold value for the comparison so as to detect targets entering said that part of scene The method provides improved target detection in the presence of clutter.

Abstract: An apparatus for adaptively generating video signal thresholds for a comparator circuit having a plurality of signal channels. The apparatus has input circuitry in electrical signal communication with the plurality of signal channels. The input circuitry uses a selector circuit to select one signal channel of the plurality of signal channels for processing. The apparatus also has a processing resource having an input joined to process the electrical signals on the selected one signal channel to determine if a video signal is present and, if no video signal is present, to process noise signals on the selected one signal channel to generate a new video signal threshold. The processing resource has an output to provide the new video signal threshold to the comparator circuit corresponding to the selected signal channel.

Abstract: A computer program which plots radar video data generated by a seeker on a missile. The program allows a user to plot multiple scans of radar video data on a chart, which is obtained from a Data Worksheet. The chart displays one or more sets of radar video data scans and a detection gate plot for each radar video data scan. The program includes Zoom In, Zoom Out, Pan Left and Pan Right functions which allow the user to view and manipulate views of the data displayed by the chart.

Abstract: A passive millimeter wave imaging system that includes at least one millimeter wave frequency scanning antenna and multiple beam formers collecting narrow beams of millimeter wave radiation from a two-dimensional field of view. The collected radiation is amplified and separated into bins corresponding to various vertical and horizontal beam orientations. In a preferred embodiment each beam formers include one phase processor with 232 inputs and 192 outputs that feed into 192 frequency processors. In another preferred embodiment each beam formers include one phase processor with 232 inputs and 72 outputs that feed into only 24 frequency processors. In this second embodiment 26 3×1 PIN diode switches sequentially switch one of three phase processor outputs into a frequency processor. As in the first embodiment two dimensional images of a target are obtained by the simultaneous detection of signal power within each beam and converting it into pixel intensity level.

Abstract: A method and system are provided for detecting an edge of a received signal associated with air traffic control communications. The system includes an A/D converter to convert a received signal to a series of digital data samples and an edge detector module to determine a change rate between the data samples. The change rate represents a change in amplitude between the data samples per unit of time. The edge detector module validates an edge of the received signal based on the change rate between the data samples. A decoder module may derive timing information from the leading/trailing edge pulses and associates the reply message with the framing pulse based on the timing information.

Abstract: A method transforms an image from polar coordinates into Cartesian coordinates. Therefore, the target image in Cartesian coordinates is subdivided into triangles defined by the vertices given in Cartesian coordinates. The respective polar coordinates are coded into attributes and these attributes are attached to each vertex. The attributes of any coordinates within the triangle are calculated by performing a bilinear interpolation on a graphics card and the polar coordinates are calculated from these attributes. Finally, the characteristics of the coordinates of the image in polar coordinates are transferred to the corresponding coordinates of the target image given in Cartesian coordinates. A method also consistently displays single ore multiple radar scan images with additional geographical data in one display plane. These methods may be performed by a computer program and implemented in a radar scan converter.

Abstract: A method for the evaluation of radar data for fully automatic creation of a map of regions with interference, in which undesirable reflections frequently occur includes the following method steps. The region to be mapped is divided up into cells. The short-lived target tracks that occur in these cells are counted. Statistics are kept, in such a manner that the short-lived target tracks are counted only within a predetermined period of time, while all older short-lived target tracks are left out of consideration. At least one threshold value is predetermined, in such a manner that a cell is considered to have been marked if the short-lived target tracks that are counted in the previous time period exceed the threshold value or values. The map of the current regions with interference results as the totality of the marked cells.

Abstract: A scan conversion is provided which allows the scan converter to work with data in its most convenient format in a radar memory. A displayable image is mirrored to a graphics memory simultaneously with the write portion of the radar memory of the scan conversion process. On every write to the radar memory, radar data is simultaneously converted to associated colors by indexing a color look-up table and writing the indexed color to the graphics memory. A simulated phosphor decay for the display is provided by decreasing the intensity of each pixel in the radar memory once each antenna scan and similarly decreasing the intensity of data in corresponding locations in the graphics memory to simulate the decay of a phosphor coated screen in a CRT display. The signals in the graphics memory are coupled to a display at a rate that simulates a display on a phosphor coated screen.

Abstract: A radar scan conversion protocol is defined to communicate radar data from application servers to thin clients with reduced network bandwidth requirements. The radar scan conversion protocol may be implemented as an extension to existing thin client protocols. The system is also capable of transmitting audio and video data through the application servers to the thin clients using appropriate compressed formats in order to minimize network bandwidth requirements.

Abstract: A radar scan conversion protocol is defined to communicate radar data from application servers to thin clients with reduced network bandwidth requirements. The radar scan conversion protocol may be implemented as an extension to existing thin client protocols. The system is also capable of transmitting audio and video data through the application servers to the thin clients using appropriate compressed formats in order to minimize network bandwidth requirements.

Abstract: A video amplifier for a radar receiver includes a temperature compensating attenuator. The attenuator includes a temperature sensitive device, such as a thermistor, arranged in a voltage divider network and is coupled in cascade between two filter stages. Each of the filter stages has a bandpass characteristic in order to filter low-frequency leakage signals and provide sensitivity control based on frequency and thus range, while also filtering high frequency signals to reduce aliasing.

Abstract: The present invention is an apparatus and method for displaying a foreign body in a relatively uniform mass having similar electromagnetic impedance as the foreign body comprising of at least two ultra wide band holographic radar units adapted to generate, transmit and receive a plurality of 12-20 GHz frequency signals in a dual linear antenna with slant-angle illumination. The invention may be utilized to obtain qualitative and quantitative data regarding the composition of the object under investigation.

Abstract: A system and method is disclosed for a radar receiver, such as a wideband crystal video early warning receiver, to automatically detect the noise level of the radar receiver with immunity to high pulse repetition frequencies and high duty cycle signals. The noise riding threshold circuit utilizes high frequency components of the noise and, to the attenuated extent present, high frequency components of the video signal to produce the noise riding threshold voltage. An amplifier gain control permits adjusting the noise-riding threshold to a fixed relative level. In a preferred embodiment, the noise riding threshold control of the present invention utilizes current feedback amplifiers for wide bandwidth, high gain video amplifiers.

Abstract: A method and apparatus which perform efficient projection of 4-dimensional data (3 spatial and 1 time dimension) onto planar grids are described. Multiple frames of data are drawn from a limited time history data buffer and projected onto a planar grid, which need not be flat, defined in its own coordinate system. Higher dimensional data structures can also be formed from multiple projection grids. Measurement data from multiple data frames is projected into the planar grid such that distance out of plane is the z-dimension. Computational efficiency is achieved by processing only those data samples that are relevant to the planar grid. To be considered relevant, the impulse response of the sensor's measurement rays must cross the planar grid. Samples of relevant rays must also map onto the planar grid's coordinate mesh to be relevant. Multiple data measurements may determine the planar grid's final amplitude result.

Abstract: A method via which the range of vision in a vehicle's field of view can be determined precisely, so that with the help of range-of-vision information the driver can be advised to modify his driving style. The contrast of an object detected by a radar or lidar sensor is measured by a monocular video sensor, and the range of vision is determined from the measured values supplied by the radar or lidar sensor and by the monocular video sensor. Alternatively, the distance to and contrast of at least one object can be measured by a binocular video sensor, the range of vision then being determined from the measured contrast and distance values.

Abstract: A weapons detector (12) and method utilizing radar. The system comprises a transmitter (27) for producing an output (14) of frequencies of a set of self-resonant frequencies of weaponry; an antenna (28) directing the transmitter output toward locations potentially having weaponry and collecting backscattered signals (15); a receiver (29) receiving the backscattered signals (15) and operating over a range of the self-resonant frequencies; and a signal processor (30) for detecting the presence of a plurality of the self-resonant frequencies in the backscattered signals (15). Accuracies of greater than 98% can be obtained at distances, preferably between 4-15 yards. The weapons detector (12) is capable of detecting metal and non-metal weapons (16) on a human body (13) in purses, briefcases and under clothing; and discerning weapons (16) from objects such as belt buckles, coins, keys, calculators, cellular phones.

Abstract: A block adaptive quantization device processes blocks of input data samples to determine an aggregate or average value which is applied to each of a number of exponent look-up tables to derive an exponent value dependent on the extent of compression required. The exponent value is split by an exponent splitter into a remainder value and a shift value. The remainder value is used to select one of a number of divide look-up tables to which the unsigned data sample is applied, and the shift value is used to apply a variable bit shift to the data sample. Each divide look-up table comprises the same group of divide look-up tables. The combination of the four look-up tables in the group, together with the variable bit shift defines a series of code tables made up of a group of divide look-up tables repeated at six dB intervals. The remainder value selects one of the code tables within the group, and the bit shift operation determines the selected one of the repeated groups.

Abstract: The present invention provides a small-size image radar apparatus to be mounted on an aircraft, having a high resolution not only the flying direction but also in the direction vertical to the flying direction. The image radar apparatus comprises a transmission antenna 2, a plurality of independent reception antennas 5.sub.1, 5.sub.2, and a computer 10 for simultaneously executing a two-dimensional phase synthesis. The synthesis result is obtained as a two-dimensional image.

Abstract: The Radar Scan Converter receives range and azimuth data that is generated by a conventional radar and presented in a polar coordinate system, and processes and displays this data, in real time, on a conventional generally rectangular display screen which has a display formed by a relatively large number of pixels organized in the X- and Y-axes of a Cartesian coordinate system. The Radar Scan Converter sequentially updates each pixel in the display by (1) selecting a pixel address in the Cartesian coordinate system, (2) determining the corresponding cell address in a direct display memory interface, (3) reading the video level in this corresponding cell, (4) then responsive to this respective video level, either initially loading or subsequently updating the associated pixel in a screen image memory, and (5) refreshing the display from the screen image memory through respective cycles over repeated radar scans.

Abstract: A method of analyzing the radar cross section of a target vehicle determines the contributions to total radar cross section of various vehicle design details. The method includes obtaining ISAR images of the vehicle with a radar at a known position relative to the vehicle. A visible three-dimensional set of images of the vehicle is created. The visible images have the same point of view as the ISAR images. Each visible image is matched by one or more corresponding ISAR images in terms of distance from the target and angular position of the target relative to the vehicle's axis of rotation. The corresponding ISAR images are used to paint the visible images so as to produce one or more rendered composite images of the vehicle. A relation is then found between chosen vehicle details and bright zones in the composite image.

Abstract: An along-track interferometric SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) of the present invention includes a single SAR line and observes a target only once. SAR data derived from a single observation are subjected to look division in order to reproduce two SAR images deviated in time from each other. Interference processing is executed with the two SAR images in order to determine a phase difference. The phase difference is converted to the velocity of the target. This can be done without resorting to any additional hardware.

Abstract: A weather radar and terrain map display system for aircraft with the terrain elevation and weather information displayed in an easy to read and comprehend presentation. The system includes an antenna for transmitting and receiving radar signals, a receiver for digitizing the reflected radar signals, and a computer for storing the signals and calculating the latitude and longitude coordinates of the locations from which the reflected radar signals were reflected, and for storing terrain elevation data. A display simultaneously shows a plan view image and vertical views of contoured terrain elevation data and the weather conditions found by the radar. The terrain and weather displays are superimposed over one another to enable quick and efficient location of critical terrain and weather conditions. The system can also calculate the latitude and longitude coordinates of the radar echoes without antenna stabilization.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for remote measurement of terrestrial biomass contained in vegetative elements, such as large tree boles or trunks present in an area of interest. The method includes providing an airborne radar system, overflying the area of interest while directing radar energy having a frequency of under 400 MHz, and preferably between 80 and 120 MHz, toward the area of interest, using the radar system to collect backscatter data from the radar energy as a function of incidence angle and frequency, and using an inversion algorithm to determine a magnitude of the biomass from the backscatter data for each radar resolution cell. A biomass map is generated showing the magnitude of the biomass of the vegetative elements as a function of location on the map by using each resolution cell as a unique location thereon.

Abstract: The Radar Scan Converter System (1) receives range and azimuth data generated by a conventional radar as presented in a polar coordinate system, (2) stores this data in associated cell locations in a range/azimuth polar video map, and (3) displays this polar coordinate range/azimuth data in a Cartesian coordinate system, in real time, on a conventional computer monitor having a rectangular display formed by a relatively large number of pixels organized in the Cartesian coordinate system. Each pixel in the display is sequentially update by (1) selecting a respective pixel address, (2) determining the corresponding range/azimuth cell address in the polar video map, (3) reading the video level in this corresponding range/azimuth cell, and (4) in response to this associated video level, either initially loading or subsequently updating the selected pixel.

Abstract: A non-invasive imaging system for analyzing engineered structures comprises pairs of ultra wideband radar transmitters and receivers in a linear array that are connected to a timing mechanism that allows a radar echo sample to be taken at a variety of delay times for each radar pulse transmission. The radar transmitters and receivers are coupled to a position determining system that provides the x,y position on a surface for each group of samples measured for a volume from the surface. The radar transmitter and receivers are moved about the surface, e.g., attached to the bumper of a truck, to collect such groups of measurements from a variety of x,y positions. Return signal amplitudes represent the relative reflectivity of objects within the volume and the delay in receiving each signal echo represents the depth at which the object lays in the volume and the propagation speeds of the intervening material layers.

Abstract: A weather radar and terrain map display system for aircraft with the terrain elevation and weather information displayed in an easy to read and quickly comprehendible presentation. The system includes an antenna for transmitting and receiving radar signals, a digitizer for digitizing the reflected radar signals, a means for storing the signals and calculating the latitude and longitude coordinates of the features from which the reflected radar signals were reflected, and for storing terrain elevation data. Flight modes are programmable to rapidly change a size of an alert region appropriate for the current flight mode. A display simultaneously shows a plan view image and vertical views of contoured terrain elevation data and the weather conditions found by the radar. The terrain and weather displays 15 are superimposed over one another to enable quick and efficient location of critical terrain and weather conditions.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for preventing the occurrence of range ambiguities and Doppler ambiguities in both a radar and sonar environment. A series of N pulses are produced, each of which contains a number of contagious subpulses. Each of the subpulses exhibit a different frequency than the remaining subpulses in that particular pulse. Furthermore, the order of appearance of the subpulses in each of the pulses is unique with respect to the remaining pulses in the series. A matched filter receiver and Doppler processor are used to provide auto correlations and cross correlations to prevent the range ambiguities and Doppler ambiguities.

Abstract: A synthetic aperture radar apparatus which analyzes Doppler frequency displacements arising from a range direction motion component of a target and motion components of a flying body to produce a motion target image wherein only azimuth direction motion components of the target are converted into Doppler components. An SAR apparatus wherein SAR reproduction processing is performed based on target information obtained from a reflected wave received from a target and flying information of a flying body includes a recording and reproduction unit for recording the target information and reproducing the data in a designated range, and a moving target processor for analyzing Doppler frequency displacements arising from a range direction motion component of the target and motion components of the flying body from the reproduced data and producing a moving target image wherein only azimuth direction motion components of the target are converted into Doppler components.

Abstract: The method and system quickly and simultaneously generate multi-resolution and high-resolution imagery from projection data obtained, e.g., through synthetic aperture radar, magnetic resonance imaging, x-ray CAT scans, seismic imaging, sonar imaging, and acoustic imaging. The backprojector technique is modified by a quadtree decomposition of the image area. The sensor elements are grouped into subapertures, and an image is formed in each subaperture by backprojection. The subapertures are grouped into larger subapertures and an image is formed in each of the larger subapertures by backprojection. This operation is repeated until a single large subaperture is defined which covers the entire antenna array. In this way, common additions are factored, computed once and reused many times. A set of N projections can produce an N.times.N image through O(N.sup.2 log N) operations.

Abstract: An imaging system for analyzing structures comprises a radar transmitter and receiver connected to a timing mechanism that allows a radar echo sample to be taken at a variety of delay times for each radar pulse transmission. The radar transmitter and receiver are coupled to a position determining system that provides the x,y position on a surface for each group of samples measured for a volume from the surface. The radar transmitter and receiver are moved about the surface to collect such groups of measurements from a variety of x,y positions. Return signal amplitudes represent the relative reflectivity of objects within the volume and the delay in receiving each signal echo represents the depth at which the object lays in the volume and the propagation speeds of the intervening material layers. Successively deeper z-planes are backward propagated from one layer to the next with an adjustment for variations in the expected propagation velocities of the material layers that lie between adjacent z-planes.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for high speed denoising of an input signal received by a radar warning receiver (RWR) system. The novel system digitizes the input signal into sample windows each having a number of sample data points. The novel system includes a signal transformation processor system which convolves Haar wavelet basis functions across individual time segments of the input signal to produce sets of coefficients. Signal noise is poorly represented by the selected Haar wavelet basis functions while expected pulse signal characteristics are well represented by the basis functions. Within the wavelet transformation process, a plurality of frequency resolution levels are simultaneously determined, each frequency resolution level having a fixed number of correlation coefficients equal to the number of sample points in the sample window. Each coefficient also corresponds to a different basis function, or a same basis function applied to a different time segment.

Abstract: A weather radar and terrain map display system for aircraft with the terrain elevation and weather information displayed in an easy to read and comprehend presentation. The system includes an antenna for transmitting and receiving radar signals, a receiver for digitizing the reflected radar signals, and a computer for storing the signals and calculating the latitude and longitude coordinates of the locations from which the reflected radar signals were reflected, and for storing terrain elevation data. A display simultaneously shows a plan view image and vertical views of contoured terrain elevation data and the weather conditions found by the radar. The terrain and weather displays are superimposed over one another to enable quick and efficient location of critical terrain and weather conditions. The system can also calculate the latitude and longitude coordinates of the radar echoes without antenna stabilization.