Abstract: In a Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) measurement system including a measurement probe and an electronics assembly, a method for generating a time delay between transmit and receive pulses for capturing measurements in a given measurement cycle, comprising initiating first relatively slow and second relatively fast time-dependent non-linear ramped waveform functions associated with transmit and receive signals, respectively; and initiated at a time prior to initiation of the first time-dependent non-linear ramped waveform at a second time t0; comparing outputs of the first and second time dependent non-linear ramped waveform functions and activating a receive signal to measure a data point along the waveguide at a third time t1 when the outputs of the first and second time-dependent non-linear functions are equal; wherein the first and second time-dependent non-linear ramped functions are configured such that their waveform characteristics produces a time delay between time t0 and time t1 that is a linear func

Abstract: Provided is a method of enhancing quality of audio data which comprise obtaining a spectrum of mixed audio data including noise, inputting two-dimensional (2D) input data corresponding to the spectrum to a convolutional network including a downsampling process and an upsampling process to obtain output data of the convolutional network, generating a mask for removing noise included in the audio data based on the obtained output data and removing noise from the mixed audio data using the generated mask, wherein, in the convolutional network, the downsampling process and the upsampling process are performed on a first axis of the 2D input data, and remaining processes other than the downsampling process and the upsampling process are performed on the first axis and a second axis.

Abstract: This application discloses a computing system implementing a power estimator can read in waveform data generated during functional verification of a circuit design describing an electronic device, detect toggles in the signals of the waveform data, correlate the detected toggles in the signals to arcs associated with logic gates in the circuit design, and track a number of times each of the arcs has been correlated to the detected toggles. After the waveform data has been read, the power estimator can look-up power values for each arc having been correlated to a detected signal toggle, multiple the power values by the tracked number of times each of the arcs been correlated to the detected toggles to compute power estimates, and generate an estimate of power consumption for the circuit design during the functional verification by accumulating the power estimates for the arcs associated with the logic gates.

Abstract: A time domain reflectometer (TDR) transducer (10) for determining a level (24) of liquid (16) in a container (12) includes a first electrode (34) and a second electrode portion (36) with a measuring volume (114) therebetween for receiving material (16) to be measured. The second electrode portion (36) has a shielded electrode section (36A) isolated from the first electrode (34) and an unshielded electrode section (36B), such that an energy pulse propagates along the shielded electrode section (36A) without signal loss, and boomerangs along a second opposite direction across the first conductive electrode portion (34), the measuring volume (114) and the unshielded electrode section (36B) where partial reflection of the pulse occurs at least at the interface (24) of the material (16) to create a return echo that travels in reverse direction, boomeranging back through the shielded electrode section (36A) for analysis by an electronic assembly (32).

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a terminal, a focusing method and apparatus. The terminal includes a ranging radar configured to obtain a reference distance between a target object to be focused and a camera module, wherein an antenna radiation angle of the ranging radar covers a viewing angle of the camera module, and wherein the camera module is configured to adjust a photographing focus of the camera module to a position where the target object is located based on the reference distance.

Abstract: A method of tracking objects using a radar, includes sending a beamcode to at least one radar antenna to set a predetermined direction, using samples from a random distribution of at least one of a phase or an amplitude to generate a tracking signal pulse train, transmitting the pulse train from the at least one antenna within a pulse time window, receiving return signals from objects at the at least one antenna, and using the return signals to gather data to track the objects. A radar system has at least one radar antenna to transmit a tracking signal, a memory to store a set of random distributions, a controller connected to at least one radar antenna and the memory, the controller to execute instructions to determine which random distribution to use, generate a pulse train using the random distribution, transmit the pulse train to the at least one radar antenna as the tracking signal, and gather measurement data about objects returning signals from the tracking signal.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a terminal, a focusing method and apparatus. The terminal includes a ranging radar configured to obtain a reference distance between a target object to be focused and a camera module, wherein an antenna radiation angle of the ranging radar covers a viewing angle of the camera module, and wherein the camera module is configured to adjust a photographing focus of the camera module to a position where the target object is located based on the reference distance.

Abstract: A LADAR having a transmitter and a receiver. The transmitter includes a laser for delivering an original beam pulse having a time duration. A nonlinear element receives the original beam pulse and outputs a multispectral incident beam pulse. For each wavelength component of the incident beam pulse, a unique wavelength-dependent variation of intensity is imparted over the time duration of the incident beam pulse. This creates a unique waveform shape for each component. Output optics direct the incident beam pulse onto a target, which reflects from the target as a scattered beam pulse. The receiver includes a single-pixel sensor for receiving the scattered beam pulse and measuring and outputting an intensity of the scattered beam pulse over time, which creates a scattered beam pulse envelope.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for transmitting and receiving wireless power. In some embodiments, a wireless power transmission system comprises an antenna array comprising a plurality of antennas and a transceiver module configured to receive a plurality of beaconing signals via the antenna array from a wireless client during a beacon cycle. The system also comprises a controller configured to measure a phase of each of the plurality of beaconing signals and determine a transmit phase configuration for each of the antennas, and a transceiver module configured to send signals to the antenna array based on the transmit phase configuration for delivery of wireless power to the wireless client.

Abstract: A wave transmitted by an antenna made up of an array of radiating elements, two pulse waves are transmitted, each modulated by a phase shift law known as modulation phase shift, the phase shifts being in opposition, a first wave being transmitted by a sub-array of radiating elements referred to as odd and the second wave being transmitted by a second sub-array of radiating elements referred to as even, the two sub-arrays being interleaved, the transmitted wave being the combination of the first wave and the second wave.

Abstract: A method and system of stitching a plurality of image views of a scene, including grouping matched points of interest in a plurality of groups, and determining a similarity transformation with smallest rotation angle for each grouping of the matched points. The method further includes generating virtual matching points on non-overlapping area of the plurality of image views and generating virtual matching points on overlapping area for each of the plurality of image views.

Abstract: A compact, mapping spectrometer and various embodiments of the spectrometer are described. Methods for performing high-resolution spectroscopic, spatial, and polarimetric analyses of electromagnetic radiation across the complete electromagnetic spectrum, using spectrometer embodiments of the invention, are also described. The spectrometer and associated methods are useful for producing spectral and hyperspectral images associated with the incoming radiation and for identifying other information about electromagnetic radiation of interest.

Abstract: Methods and systems for coherent distributed communication techniques using time reversal are disclosed. In one aspect, cooperating nodes of a cluster can move relative to each other and relative to an intended receiver of the nodes' data transmissions. The nodes are synchronized to a common time reference, and data for transmission from the cluster is distributed to the nodes. The intended receiver sends a sounding signal to the nodes. Each node receives the sounding signal, obtains the channel response between the intended receiver and itself, and time-reverses the channel response. Each node then convolves its time-reversed channel response with the data to obtain the node's convolved data. Each node waits a predetermined time following the time reference signal, as determined based on the common time reference. At the expiration of the predetermined time period, the nodes simultaneously transmit their convolved data.

Abstract: A radar apparatus using a pulse pair method to quickly measure a relative speed of an object. The radar apparatus includes: A data acquirer that acquires data relating to a pulse width, a repetition frequency, and a highest staggered ratio; A staggered pattern output unit that outputs a specific staggered pattern in which a total of phase changes within a sweep range of the target of the pulse pairing can be approximated to zero, wherein each phase change is caused by the pulse pairing on a target object at a constant speed due to a difference between an average transmission interval and a transmission interval between transmissions within the sweep range; And a setter that sets the transmission interval of a pulse signal by using the pulse width, the repetition frequency, the highest staggered ratio, and the specific staggered pattern.

Abstract: A method for reducing sidelobe interference in a radar or communication system. The method includes selecting a desired amplitude weight (WD) to be applied to radar or communication antenna elements and determining phase weights for the radar or communication system elements such that each pair of adjacent, phase weighted elements provides the desired amplitude weight when summed.

Abstract: An iterative method for modifying an initial time signal to form a created signal having a prescribed envelope, and frequency notches at prescribed frequency values, wherein the created signal closely resembles the initial time signal, the envelope of the created time signal is the prescribed envelope, and the Fourier magnitude of the created time signal at the prescribed frequency values is nearly zero. The created time signal may be a real-valued signal as well as a complex-valued time signal which closely resembles an arbitrary initial time signal, including initial time signals which are standard transmit signals for radar systems, and which have Fourier transform magnitudes with notches and stop-bands at prescribed frequency values. These notches and stop bands are created by enforcing nulls of prescribed order at the prescribed frequency values within the modified time signal.

Abstract: A single chip radio transceiver includes circuitry that enables detection of radar signals to enable the radio transceiver to halt communications in overlapping communication bands to avoid interference with the radar transmitting the radar pulses. The radio transceiver is operable to evaluate a number of most and second most common pulse interval values to determine whether a traditional radar signal is present. The radio transceiver also is operable to FM demodulate and incoming signal to determine whether a non-traditional radar signal such as a bin-5 radar signal is present. After FM demodulation, the signal is averaged wherein a substantially large value is produced for non-traditional radar signals and a value approximately equal to zero is produced for a communication signal that is not FM modulated with a continuously increasing frequency signal. Gain control is used to limit incoming signal magnitude to a specified range of magnitudes.

Abstract: An embodiment of the invention includes a step of transmitting an OFDM waveform including several frequency carrier signals transmitted simultaneously, the frequency carrier signals being coded in order to improve the Doppler response. An embodiment of the invention includes a step of receiving the echoed waveform from the target. The initial phase of each frequency carrier signal is recovered from the echoed waveform. The recovered initial phase of each frequency carrier signal is cyclically shifted in order to compensate for the Doppler effect and subsequently decoded. A compressed pulse is synthesized from the decoded initial phases.

Abstract: A radar having a high time and high spatial resolution and being capable of performing volume scanning with an inexpensive and simple structure, while enabling reduction is size and weight. A radar (50) is provided with an antenna unit (51) including a radio wave lens antenna device, which has a spherical transmission radio wave lens (2), a spherical reception radio wave lens (3), a primary radiator (4) arranged at a focal point of the radio wave lens (2), and a primary radiator (5) arranged at a focal point of the radio wave lens (3). The primary radiators (4, 5) pivot in an elevation direction about an axis connecting center points of the radio wave lenses (2, 3) and pivot in an azimuthal direction about an axis orthogonal to the axis connecting the center points of the radio wave lenses (2, 3).

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for generation of microwaves comprising a virtual cathode oscillator (1) in a coaxial embodiment with an outer cylindrical tube forming a cathode (2) and connected to a transmission line (14) for feeding the cathode (2) with voltage pulses, and an inner cylindrical tube, at least partially transparent for electrons, forming a anode (3) and connected to a waveguide (13) for outputting microwave radiation generated by the formation of a virtual cathode (4) inside an area enclosed by the anode. Through the introduction of electrically conductive structures (5 and 6) a device for generation of microwaves is achieved that demonstrates higher efficiency and higher peak output.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for generation of microwaves comprising a virtual cathode oscillator (1) in a coaxial embodiment with an outer cylindrical tube forming a cathode (2) and connected to a transmission line (14) for feeding the cathode (2) with voltage pulses, and an inner cylindrical tube, at least partially transparent for electrons, forming a anode (3) and connected to a waveguide (13) for outputting microwave radiation generated by the formation of a virtual cathode (4) inside an area enclosed by the anode. Through the introduction of electrically conductive structures (5 and 6) a device for generation of microwaves is achieved that demonstrates higher efficiency and higher peak output.

Abstract: A transmitting unit of a short-range radar includes a first pulse generating unit, a second pulse generating unit, an oscillator and a switch, and while complying with the spectrum mask specified for a UWB short-range radar, emits a predetermined short pulse wave not interfering with the RR prohibited band or the SRD band into the space. The first pulse generating unit outputs a first pulse having the width larger than the width of the short pulse wave in a predetermined period. The second pulse generating unit outputs a second pulse having the width corresponding to the width of the short pulse wave during the period when the first pulse generating unit outputs the first pulse.

Abstract: A new approach to radar imaging is described herein, in which radar pulses are transmitted with an uneven sampling scheme and subsequently processed with novel algorithms to produce images of equivalent resolution and quality as standard images produced using standard synthetic aperture radar (SAR) waveform and processing techniques. The radar data collected with these waveforms can be used to create many other useful products such as moving target indication (MTI) and high resolution terrain information (HRTI). The waveform and the correction algorithms described herein allow the algorithms of these other radar products to take advantage of the quality Doppler resolution.

Abstract: One embodiment is a system for processing a complex ambiguity function (CAF) comprising creating a CAF surface from incoming data and a model vector, wherein the CAF surface has at least one feature, processing for a peak value, establishing a sub-window about the peak, wherein the peak is within the sub-window, and flattening the peak.

Abstract: Disclosed is a radar system capable of detecting near targets even in case of using discrete bands transmission signal. For this end, a discrete bands selection unit 1 selects discrete bands that meet the required radar parameters for detecting target information. A discrete bands synthetic waveform generation unit 2 suitably synthesizes center frequency signals of the respective discrete bands on the time base so that the signals for all of the discrete bands are transmitted within the transmission time of a particular discrete band that requires the longest time among the signals for the selected discrete bands selected. Alternatively, the center frequency signal is generated for the particular band requiring the longest transmission time, while signals sweeping from lower limit frequencies to upper limit frequencies are generated during the transmission time for the discrete bands other than the particular discrete band requiring the longest transmission time.

Abstract: Marine radar systems and methods for producing low power, high resolution range profile estimates. Non-linear Frequency Modulation (NLFM) pulse compression pulses are frequency stepped to form a low power, wide-bandwidth waveform. Periodically, calibration filters are determined and applied to return signals for correcting non-ideal effects in the radar transmitter and receiver.

Abstract: A transmitting unit of a short-range radar includes a first pulse generating unit, a second pulse generating unit, an oscillator and a switch, and while complying with the spectrum mask specified for a UWB short-range radar, emits a predetermined short pulse wave not interfering with the RR prohibited band or the SRD band into the space. The first pulse generating unit outputs a first pulse having the width larger than the width of the short pulse wave in a predetermined period. The second pulse generating unit outputs a second pulse having the width corresponding to the width of the short pulse wave during the period when the first pulse generating unit outputs the first pulse.

Abstract: A transmitter section radiates a short range wave to a space. A receiver section has a detector circuit composed of a branch circuit which receives a reflection wave of the short range wave radiated to the space by means of the transmitter section and branches in phase a signal of the reflection wave into first and second signals, a linear multiplier which linearly multiplies the first and second signals branched in phase by means of the branch circuit, and a low pass filter which samples a baseband component from an output signal from the linear multiplier. A signal processor section carries out an analyzing process of an object which exists in the space based on an output from the receiver section. A control section makes a predetermined control with respect to at least one of the transmitter section and the receiver section based on an analysis result from the signal processor section.

Abstract: An object is detected by generating a m-ary primary signal having an irregular sequence of states. Each transition results in the transmission of a pulse encoded according to the type of transition. Reflected pulses are processed with a delayed, reference version of the primary signal. The presence of an object at a range corresponding to the delay is determined from the extent to which the reflected pulses coincide with transitions in the reference signal. In one aspect, transitions between states of the primary signal occur at varying time offsets with respect to nominal regular clock pulses. In another aspect, the object-detection system is operated while inhibiting the transmission of pulses, and if a significant output is obtained, the parameters of the transmitted signal are altered.

Abstract: A correlation processor for a receiver is capable of carrying out a correlation process with highly suppressed side lobes, improved resolution, and minimized S/N loss. The correlation processor is provided for a receiver that receives a signal having a specific time width and shape, for carrying out a correlation process on the received signal. The correlation processor has a filter coefficient unit to calculate a coefficient vector that zeroes sample values of all sample points except a peak center sample point of a main lobe of a correlation-processed waveform of the received signal and sample points on each side of the peak center and minimizes S/N loss of the sample value of the peak center sample point of the main lobe and a filter to carry out a correlation process on the received signal according to the coefficient vector calculated by the filter coefficient unit.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is operative for multiple target detection in a radar system which employs a radar waveform of two or more frequency diverse subpulses. The apparatus adds coherent processing of the subpulse echo signals to determine the presence of multiple scattering centers within the radar resolution cell. The subpulses are coherently combined and one can then estimate the number of scattering centers by forming a sample covariance matrix between the subpulse frequency channels and then performing an Eigenvalue decomposition. The resulting Eigenvalues represent the signal strengths of the scattering centers when the associated Eigenvectors correspond to the optimal subpulse weights associated with that signal. A single strong Eigenvalue indicates a single target while two or more strong Eigenvalues or those Eigenvalues larger than the noise related Eigenvalues or a threshold, indicates the presence of multiple targets.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an ultra wide band (UWB) radar includes: a substrate; a plurality of antennas adjacent the substrate, the plurality of antennas being arranged into a plurality of sub-arrays; an RF feed network adjacent the substrate, the RF feed network coupling to a distributed plurality of amplifiers integrated with the substrate, wherein the RF feed network and the distributed plurality of amplifiers are configured to form a resonant network such that if a timing signal is injected into an input port of the RF feed network, the resonant network oscillates to provide a globally-synchronized RF signal across the network; a plurality of pulse-shaping circuits corresponding to the plurality of sub-arrays, each pulse-shaping circuit being configured to receive the globally-synchronized RF signal from the network and process the globally-synchronized RF signal into pulses for transmission through the corresponding sub-array of antennas; and an actuator for mechanically scanning the UWB radar so that the pulse

Abstract: A pair pulse generator generates one pair of pulses including a first pulse having a predetermined width and a second pulse having a width equal to that of the first pulse and being behind from the first pulse by preset time each time a transmission designation signal is received. A burst oscillator performs an oscillation operation in a period in which one pair of pulses are input to output a signal having a predetermined carrier frequency as a first burst wave in synchronism with the first pulse and also output the signal of the predetermined carrier frequency as a second burst wave in synchronism with the second pulse, and stops the oscillation operation in a period in which one pair of pulses are not input. A transmitting unit emits the first burst wave into an exploration target space as a short pulse wave. A receiving unit receives a reflected wave and detects the second burst wave as a local signal. A control unit variably controls an interval between the first pulse and the second pulse.

Abstract: A sequence of waveforms is generated by producing a primary symbol sequence and, for each symbol within the sequence, substituting a randomly-selected waveform. The primary symbol sequence has a narrow autocorrelation function, and may be a train of pulses, with the pulses arranged in packets of predetermined configuration. Objects can be detected by transmitting the waveforms, forming a representation of the transmitted waveform and delaying that representation, and correlating the representation with signals received as a result of reflection of the transmitted waveforms.

Abstract: An FET amplifier includes an FET for amplifying a high-frequency signal to be input to the gate on the basis of a gate bias voltage from a gate bias control circuit. In the FET amplifier, a high-frequency signal input circuit and the output portion of an inverting amplifier are made conductive to the gate of the FET. A voltage stabilizing circuit generating a positive DC constant-voltage signal is made conductive to the non-inverting input portion of the inverting amplifier, and a gate bias control signal input circuit is made conductive to the inverting input portion through an inverter circuit. When the output voltage from the inverter circuit is 0 V, the inverting amplifier outputs a positive gate bias voltage (in the High state) and, when the output voltage from the inverter circuit is a fixed positive voltage, the inverting amplifier outputs a negative gate bias voltage (in the Low state) lower than the pinch-off voltage of the FET.

Abstract: In a radar sensor, a continuous microwave signal is passed through an RF switch which is periodically controlled by a pulse signal. The pulse signal is frequency modulated in such a way that the spectrum of the pulse signal is expanded without decorrelation occurring. Using this arrangement, the noise level is kept low and the detection range is increased.

Abstract: Apparatus for producing an amplified Radio Frequency pulse includes a controller for monitoring the output amplified pulse and determining therefrom a correction for a deviation in the characteristics. The correction is applied by a phase shifter or amplitude controller for subsequent pulses. The apparatus is particularly applicable to pulses used by RADAR equipment and allows the use of longer duration pulses. This improves the detection range of the equipment.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for generating short electronic pulses using a modified differential trigger that is partly an analogue sinusoidal voltage and partly a selectable, DC voltage. The differential trigger is applied to a differential base band pulse generator having a NAND gate and AND gate. The trigger is applied to both NAND inputs and to one AND input. The NAND output is applied the other AND input. Such a circuit is an OFF state for all input states. However, as the input switches state, the NAND gate delay causes the AND gate to be ON briefly, generating a short pulse. The timing of this pulse can be controlled by varying the constant DC voltage. By using fast switching SiGe CML gates, short pulses with a controllable time off-set can be generated that are suitable for use in automotive radar applications, using only sub-GHz clocks.

Abstract: A conventional waveform generation circuit was required to increase a number of bits or a sampling rate for a D/A converter to enhance a precision of waveform shaping, and had a problem that a cost was increased. Therefore, as a method for enhancing the precision of waveform shaping, a quantization error of an output waveform is made smaller by controlling an output time interval of an output value from a D/A converter so as to make a difference in an output voltage between target waveform and output waveform smaller. As a result, even if the D/A converter has a small number of bits, the waveform can be generated at high precision. Also, this waveform generation method may be applied to modulation control of a radar apparatus, as a result, constituting a small and inexpensive modulation circuit for an oscillator.

Abstract: A pulse compression processor 20 compressing a modulated pulse signal correlately received by a receiver, includes a coefficient calculator 30 calculating a set of filtering coefficients for converting sampled output signal values outside a vicinity of main-lobe of a compressed pulse signal into zero as well as for minimizing S/N loss in a peak value of the main-lobe, and a pulse compression filter 40 compressing the modulated pulse signal based on the set of the filtering coefficients calculated by the coefficient calculator.

Abstract: A system and corresponding method for the concurrent operation of multiple radar systems on a common frequency and in the same geographical area includes a waveform generator that specifies certain operating parameters for the transmitted radar pulses. In a first instance, the carrier frequency can include an offset for each radar system. In a second instance, complementary codes can be used for the radar pulses such that each radar system operates with a unique code for substantially reducing the cross-talk between the radar systems. In another instance, both carrier frequency offset and complementary coded waveforms can be used to increase the number of radar systems that operate concurrently. Carrier frequency offset can also be used to combat range-wrap by using different carrier frequencies for adjacent radar pulses.

Abstract: A method for processing a received, modulated pulse (i.e. waveform) that requires predictive deconvolution to resolve a scatterer from noise and other scatterers includes receiving a return signal; obtaining L+(2M?1)(N?1) samples y of the return signal, where y(l)={tilde over (x)}T(l) s+v(l); applying RMMSE estimation to each successive N samples to obtain initial impulse response estimates [{circumflex over (x)}1{?(M?1)(N?1)}, . . . , {circumflex over (x)}1{?1}, {circumflex over (x)}1 {0}, . . . , {circumflex over (x)}1{L?1}, . . . , {circumflex over (x)}1{L}, {circumflex over (x)}1{?1 +(M?1)(N?1)}]; computing power estimates {circumflex over (?)}1(l)=|{circumflex over (x)}1(l)|? for l=?(M?1)(N?1), . . . , L?1+(M?1)(N?1) and 0<??2; computing MMSE filters according to w(l)=?(l) (C(l)+R)?1s, where ?(l)=E[|x(l)|?] is the power of x(l), for 0<??2, and R=E[v(l) vH(l)] is the noise covariance matrix; applying the MMSE filters to y to obtain [{circumflex over (x)}2{?(M?2)(N?1)}, . . .

Abstract: A technique and apparatus for increasing the peak output pulse power of a capacitor driven high-power diode and square-loop saturable reactor pulse compression generator or transmitter (such as a Loran-C transmitter or other high power pulse generator) with the aid of a minority carrier sweep-out circuit interposed, within the pulse compression circuit.

Abstract: A system, method, and computer program product that performs self-calibration of pulse-compression radar signals. The system includes an antenna, a receiver, a transmitter, and a radar signal processor. Under normal (non-calibration) operation the radar transmitter generates a pulse compression waveform and transmits it via the antenna. Any reflections from this waveform are detected by the same antenna and processed by the receiver. The received radar signal then undergoes pulse compression followed by more mode-specific processing (windshear, weather, ground map, etc.) by the radar processor. During calibration, the radar transmitter generates a similar pulse compression waveform (i.e., calibration pulses), but the calibration pulses bypass the antenna and go directly to the receiver via a “calibration path” built into the hardware. The resulting calibration pulses are used to generate a calibration filter.

Abstract: A method for processing a received, modulated pulse (i.e. waveform) that requires predictive deconvolution to resolve a scatterer from noise and other scatterers includes receiving a return signal; obtaining L+(2M?1)(N?1) samples y of the return signal, where y(l)={tilde over (x)}T(l)s+v(l); applying RMMSE estimation to each successive N samples to obtain initial impulse response estimates [{circumflex over (x)}1{?(M?1)(N?1)}, . . . , {circumflex over (x)}1{?1}, {circumflex over (x)}1{0}, . . . , {circumflex over (x)}1{L?1}, {circumflex over (x)}1{L}, . . . , {circumflex over (x)}1{L?1+(M?1)(N?1)}]; computing power estimates {circumflex over (?)}1(l)=|{circumflex over (x)}1(l)|2 for l=?(M?1)(N?1), . . . , L?1+(M?1)(N?1); computing MMSE filters according to w(l)=?(l)(C(l)+R)?1s, where ?(l)=|x(l)|2 is the power of x(l), and R=E[v(l)vH(l)] is the noise covariance matrix; applying the MMSE filters to y to obtain [{circumflex over (x)}2{?(M?2)(N?1)}, . . . , {circumflex over (x)}2{?1}, {circumflex over (x)}2{0}, .

Abstract: The invention relates to a pulse-modulated source with adjustable parameters and to its use in an IFF or secondary radar emitting assembly. The architecture of currently used IFF emitting assemblies is such that there is a limit to the possible reduction in the space requirement of such equipment, and this limit is soon reached. Furthermore, the precision in terms of frequency remains coarse and the number of IFF emitting modes is very small. A programmable source of pulse trains on an intermediate frequency is disclosed.

Abstract: A pulsed magnetron is caused to emit a series of RF energy pulses which are phase coherent with an injection signal by supplying the magnetron with a pedestal pulse during low-power signal injection. The pedestal being of a magnitude and duration such that the slow-rise-time pedestal portion holds the magnetron in the Hartree region during the signal injection.

Abstract: A method for determining the channel gain between one or more emitter(s) and one or more receiver(s) by using a linear transform, such as a wavelet transform. Provides a fast and robust method for determining the channel gain, the signal being emitted with a very low power since received signals are easily resolved at the receiver. The method is employed in a three dimensional pointing device for a computer improving the possibility of moving the pointer in three dimensions. Information may be obtained about objects positioned in the signal path. May be employed for door openers or for determining the position of a remote control or for reducing “Cross talk” in electrical components.

Abstract: A method of controlling a switching element in a switching regulator power supply of a radar. The method of controlling the switching element comprises only switching the switching element during predetermined time intervals, the predetermined time intervals advantageously being sample intervals of a pulse repetition interval of the radar. Thereby by having knowledge of the time intervals the switching element is switching, being able to remove or diminish any influence the switching can have on the quality of received signals and subsequent processing of these signals.

Abstract: A system is provided for generating multiple frequencies in a specified frequency band, with a specified step size between frequencies, in which the spectral purity of the frequencies is assured. The switching speed between frequencies is very fast, limited only by the speed of the switches used. In one embodiment, only five tones are generated as the base for the rest of the synthesis, in which the relationship of the five tones is f0+/??f0 and +/? 1/16f0. The subject system may be utilized in air defense systems for generating the transmit channels to be able to permit a missile seeker to transmit a signal at the appropriate frequency. In one embodiment, spectral purity is achieved by providing a number of stages of up converting, expanding, and dividing down of an input signal.