Abstract: With a power supply provided for a smart antenna, whether the antenna is connected is determined according to whether the power supply is connected. When it is determined that the smart antenna is not connected, power supply to units related only to controlling of the smart antenna is stopped, whereby power saving is realized. Further, user's setting for discriminating kinds of antennas becomes unnecessary and, when a smart antenna is not connected, power supply for the same can be prevented.

Abstract: A system and method for adaptive motion sensing with location determination is described. In one embodiment, the adaptive motion sensor is based on vibration sensor readings and can identify different states of motions based on modifiable parameters.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for configuring transmission antenna groups in a mobile communication system with multiple transmission antennas and multiple reception antennas. The method includes the steps of: receiving a first matrix having a size of ‘Nt×Nt’, which corresponds to Nt number of transmission antennas, fedback from the mobile terminal, generating combinations of sub-matrixes of the first matrix corresponding to Nr number of reception antennas, and calculating sums of maximum eigenvalues; determining combinations of the sub-matrixes having a maximum value from among the calculated sums of eigenvalues to be transmission antenna groups for the Nt number of transmission antennas; and transmitting different relevant symbols from each other through the transmission antenna groups.

Abstract: An adaptive array antenna is disclosed which permits the circuit scale to be reduced by omitting a down-converter, an AD converter, and interconnects for them while controlling the directivity well. In one aspect, the array antenna comprises phase shift-amplitude control modules which accept signals received by antenna elements via an analog-to-digital converter. The value of any one of phase-amplitude change modules is set to 1. The values of the other phase-amplitude change modules are set to 0. Thus, the signal from any one antenna element is accepted. This sequence of operations is repeated as many times as there are antenna elements, whereby signals received by all the antenna elements can be accepted.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of determining a plurality of beamforming weights for application to multicast transmission to a plurality of users by a corresponding plurality of antennas associated with a base station. One embodiment of the method includes determining a covariance matrix associated with the plurality of users. The covariance matrix is determined based on a channel matrix and a noise-plus-interference vector associated with each user. The method also includes determining the plurality of beamforming weights based on a gradient of the covariance matrix associated with a selected one of the plurality of users and storing the plurality of beamforming weights.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for suppressing interference using beamforming of uplink signals received at multiple base stations. The method may include accessing information indicative of a plurality of signals received over a plurality of uplink channels between a plurality of mobile units and a plurality of base stations. The method may also include forming a plurality of weighted signals by applying a plurality of beamforming weights to the plurality of signals. The plurality of beamforming weights are determined based on estimates of the channels from the plurality of users to the plurality of base stations and estimated interference between the signals. The method may further include combining subsets of the plurality of weighted signals associated with each of the plurality of mobile units.

Abstract: A fast and efficient automated satellite constellation detection process can be implemented at least in part independent of in-band data in the satellite signal. The automated detection process iterates through a set of various predefined transponder settings to detect one or more accessible satellite constellations through each satellite dish connected directly or through a switch to a satellite receiver. The process determines whether the satellite receiver is able to lock onto a satellite signal at each transponder setting. Based on the combinations of which satellite constellations are available at each transponder setting, the process allocates a specific satellite constellation to each satellite dish. In one implementation, channel information can be used to further refine the detection and identification of accessible satellite constellations for each satellite dish.

Abstract: A method includes determining for each access point and each associated client that has traffic to exchange with the access point in either directions of a link a pattern of slots of times that causes minimum interference to clients of other access points in a wireless local area network; deriving a conflict graph of pair wise patterns of different access points representing which patterns conflict on a particular client, the conflict graph representing which patterns of the slots cannot be scheduled simultaneously in a slot so as to avoid interference; and generating a schedule for each access points in the slots such that no two conflicting patterns for two different access points are scheduled in the same slot.

Abstract: An arrival angle estimation system includes a transmitting device and a receiving device and estimates an arrival angle at which frames transmitted by radio from the transmitting device arrive at the receiving device. The transmitting device includes two directional antennas each arranged so that its directivity is tilted at ±? degrees with respect to the front of the transmitting device. The receiving device includes a directional antenna having directivity toward the front of the receiving device. Frames are transmitted alternately from the respective directional antennas of the transmitting device, and received signal strengths of the frames on the receiving device side for the respective transmitting directional antennas are compared with each other to estimate the arrival angle.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for utilizing a switched beam directional antenna in a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) is disclosed. A wireless communication system includes a serving cell, a neighbor cell and a WTRU. The WTRU is configured to generate and steer a directional beam in a plurality of directions. Once the WTRU registers with the wireless communication system, the WTRU receives messages transmitted by the serving cell. The WTRU measures signal quality of messages received in each of a plurality of predetermined directions while steering the directional beam antenna. The WTRU selects a particular one of the directions having the best signal quality. As the WTRU constantly moves, the WTRU monitors signal quality in the selected direction, and switches to another direction when the signal quality in a current direction drops below a predetermined threshold.

Abstract: A radio device that is capable of positioning itself using one or more available positioning techniques includes a selection parameter defined to enable selection of at least one of the available positioning techniques supported by the radio device for use in calculating the location of the radio device. At least one of the positioning techniques supported by the radio device is a broadcast positioning technique that uses broadcast radio signals broadcast from radio stations to calculate the location of the radio device.

Abstract: A retro-directive antenna for communicating with a geostationary satellite autonomously detects the direction from which a signal is received, and transmits a beam that points back along the same direction. An array feed is used to illuminate a parabolic reflector. Each feed element of the retro-directive antenna is associated with a unique pointing direction of the beam in the far field. As the transmit energy is switched to different feed elements, the far-field beam is scanned, making it possible to track a geostationary satellite in a slightly inclined orbit. This eliminates the need for mechanical tracking and maintains high antenna gain in the direction of the geostationary satellite. The use of a toroidal reflector with multiple linear array feeds spaced in the azimuth direction enables multi-beam operation, allowing multiple geostationary satellites, spaced by up to fifteen beam widths in azimuth, to be tracked simultaneously and independently.

Abstract: Coverage areas for wireless networks are divided into a plurality of cells that are arranged in rows. Channel frequencies are assigned to cell sectors and associated with respective antenna axes. The antenna axes of adjacent rows are alternatingly rotated, thereby reducing co-channel interference. In an example, an available bandwidth is divided into twelve channel frequencies, so that a cell cluster includes four cells. Co-channel cells associated with half the channel frequencies are assigned to cells in the first row of cells, and the remainder are assigned to cells in the second row.

Abstract: Carrier Interferometry (CI) provides wideband transmission protocols with frequency-band selectivity to improve interference rejection, reduce multipath fading, and enable operation across non-continuous frequency bands. Direct-sequence protocols, such as DS-CDMA, are provided with CI to greatly improve performance and reduce transceiver complexity. CI introduces families of orthogonal polyphase codes that can be used for channel coding, spreading, and/or multiple access. Unlike conventional DS-CDMA, CI coding is not necessary for energy spreading because a set of CI carriers has an inherently wide aggregate bandwidth. Instead, CI codes are used for channelization, energy smoothing in the frequency domain, and interference suppression. CI-based ultra-wideband protocols are implemented via frequency-domain processing to reduce synchronization problems, transceiver complexity, and poor multipath performance of conventional ultra-wideband systems.

Abstract: Embodiments of millimeter-wave communication stations with directional antennas and methods for fast link recovery are generally described herein. Other embodiments may be described and claimed. In some embodiments, a transmitting station retransmits a packet in an adjacent direction when an acknowledgement is not received from a receiving station after a number of retransmission attempts. In other embodiments, a receiving station changes its reception to an adjacent direction when a packet is not received from a transmitting station after a number of missed reservations.

Abstract: A mote network having and/or using one or more directional antennas.

Abstract: The present invention relates to beamforming in a multi-carrier multi-user communication system applying an adaptive method for determining transmit weights for the various antenna beams. A set of complex transmission weights is adapted in response to appropriate feedback information on transmission quality from receiving units in order to achieve a maximization of a function of said quality indicator and thus optimize the transmission of the pilot signal.

Abstract: An adaptive array antenna controller is disclosed that adaptively controls weighting coefficients of multiple antenna elements of an array antenna based on a digital signal outputted from an analog-to-digital converter receiving a weighted analog signal received from the array antenna. The controller includes an impulse response measuring device for obtaining impulse responses, based on correlation calculation of the digital signal and a known signal having a predetermined pattern; an impulse response generator for extracting path components existing within a predetermined time duration from among plural path components included in the impulse responses and generating desired impulse responses; a reference signal generator for forming a reference signal having a desired pattern, based on convolution calculation of the desired impulse responses and the known signal; and an adaptive controller for adjusting the weighting coefficients, based on the digital signal and the reference signal.

Abstract: A method for transmitting data from a transmitter to a receiver in an ad hoc large scale directional network includes the followings steps. A first training sequence is sent by a transmitter in an ad hoc directional network. The first training sequence is received by a receiver in the ad hoc directional network. The receiver determines a first apparent direction from which the first training sequence is sent. The receiver sends a second training sequence to the transmitter. The transmitter determines a second apparent direction from which the second training sequence is sent. The transmitter directs a signal with the first training sequence to the receiver. The transmitter sends the signal with the first training sequence to the receiver. The receiver receives the first training sequence. The receiver is directed to the first apparent direction to receive the signal.

Abstract: An apparatus for generating a device address of a wireless local network includes an alien beacon determination unit which determines whether a received beacon is an alien beacon; a zone identity management unit which compares an alien zone identity included in the received beacon with a zone identity of a corresponding device if the received beacon is the alien beacon, and regenerates the zone identity of the corresponding device if the alien zone identity is identical to the zone identity of the corresponding device; and a device address generation unit which regenerates a device address of the corresponding device if a device address of an alien beacon group is identical to the device address of the corresponding device.

Abstract: A Ubiquitous Sensor Network (USN) system using multi-channel having differential radio power and a method of configuring the USN system are provided. The USN system and the method include a sink node performing a communication with a sensor node using at least one or more frequency signal having differential outputs; and a sensor node performing the communication with the sink node using the at least one or more frequency signal. The USN system and the method simultaneously use a control frequency signal having a high output power and a data frequency signal having an output power lower than that of the control frequency signal, thereby reducing a beacon transmission delay, enabling time synchronization between the sensor nodes, and preventing collisions between beacons due to beacon relays among the sensor nodes, so as to configure a more efficient sensor field.

Abstract: A mobile enforcement reader (MER) includes an antenna, a reader coupled to receive signals from the antenna and a control/display unit (CDU) coupled to the reader. The CDU selects a receive direction and processes signals provided thereto from the reader. When the MER and a transponder are in proximity, the MER interrogates the transponder and receives information related to toll payment. The MER allows enforcement officials to monitor payment by single occupancy vehicle (SOV) traffic for use of high occupancy traffic (HOT) lanes.

Abstract: At least one radiation pattern is rotated at a first radio station for the purpose of sampling a predefined angular range. At a first time of rotation, a second radio station is detected with a first angular position within the angular range corresponding to the first time. The second radio station determines a first quality value which can be assigned to the first angular position and reports the first quality value back to the first radio station. The first quality value is available for evaluation at the first radio station at a second time corresponding to a second angular position of the radiation pattern. The first radio station controls the speed of rotation of the at least one radiation pattern for subsequent rotations so that the first angular position corresponds to the second angular position.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and method for adaptively allocating transmission power for beamforming combined with orthogonal space-time block codes (OSTBC) in a distributed wireless communication system, the apparatus comprising: a plurality of sub-arrays for beamforming, which are geographically distributed and each of which comprises a plurality of distributed antennas placed in random groups; and a central processing unit for identifying performances of subsets by applying a predetermined power allocation scheme according to subsets which can be obtained by combining the sub-arrays, by means of a Nakagami fading parameter and information about large-scale fading of each of the sub-arrays, fed back from a receiving party, for determining a subset having a best performance as an optimal subset according to the identified performances, and for performing power allocation based on the subset set as the optimal subset.

Abstract: The radio receiving set comprises: an antenna selecting section for selecting one of a plurality of antennas which receive analogue television broadcasts; a receiving section for reproducing a composite video signal and a composite synchronizing signal from a reception signal outputted from a selected antenna; a continuity judging unit which generates a correction control signal indicating a correction instruction and another correction control signal not performing a correction instruction; a level detection unit for detecting the level of each composite video signal reproduced by the receiving section; a correction unit which applies a correction processing to each of said level detection signals; and an antenna switchover control unit which performs a comparison among the respective correction detection signals, controls the antenna selecting section to select an antenna corresponding to a maximum correction detection signal.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for diversity switching control are generally described herein. According to one embodiment, a diversity control network is introduced which effectively reduces the number of coaxial cables required to interface with N antennas from the conventional N cables, to N/2 thereby providing significant cost saving.

Abstract: For suppressing secondary lobes in pulsed radar systems, the antenna characteristics of the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna are designed so that the dominant secondary lobes appear mutually offset and their maximums and minimums are mutually suppressed. This increases the safety against detection of false targets.

Abstract: An apparatus and method is provided for disabling radio frequency signal transmissions from a wireless communications network modem when in proximity to sites where explosive devices are being detonated. The apparatus includes an input switch to signal a command to the modem to disable the transmitter portion of the modem or to tune the transmitter to a null gateway on the wireless communications network. By disabling transmissions from the modem, accidental detonation of explosive devices is prevented When the modem is moved a safe distance away from the explosive devices, the transmitter is re-enabled automatically.

Abstract: A communication method using a direct link in a wireless network and an apparatus therefor are provided. Accordingly, it is determined whether the quality of a link channel is lower than a level during communication using the direct link or whether a signal which is received through the channel includes a radar signal, and the direct link channel is selectively changed to a new channel based on the determination result.

Abstract: Measurement opportunities are provided to a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) operating with a switched beam antenna in a CDMA wireless communication system. The switched beam antenna is a smart antenna generating a plurality of directional beams and an omni-directional beam. The bursty nature of packet data transmission generates periods of inactivity or low traffic during a call. The WTRU switches to antenna beams other than the selected antenna beam for receiving and measuring signals during these periods of inactivity or low traffic. Moreover, if the network has knowledge of the fact the WTRU is operating using a switched beam antenna, the network can use this information when making decisions on channel allocations, thus providing frequent measurement opportunities to the WTRU in order to support the switched beam antenna operation.

Abstract: A method and system is disclosed for enhancing reception of wireless communication signals. A beam pattern including at least one set of beams is generated. Where the beam pattern includes at least two sets of beams, the beam sets may be offset with respect to each other and alternated to enhance reception. Beams may be selected for data processing based on a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and may be maximal-ratio combined where signals from a single WTRU are detected within more than one beam and are used for data processing.

Abstract: The disclosed embodiments relate to a system and method for providing user specific beams in a fixed beam network. In one embodiment, there is provided a mobile transceiver comprising a first device configured to receive phase reference signal data from a base station, the phase reference signal data being indicative of a first phase reference signal and a second phase reference signal that may be used by the mobile transceiver during a communication session, and a second device configured to determine whether the second phase reference signal is likely to provide improved reception between the base station and the mobile transceiver with respect to the first phase reference signal, wherein the second device is configured to transmit data to the base station, the data being indicative of whether the first phase reference signal or the second phase reference signal is likely to provide improved reception between the base station and the mobile transceiver.

Abstract: A wireless communication method and apparatus for selecting and reselecting cells used by a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) in a wireless multi-cell communication system. The WTRU includes a switched beam antenna configured to form a plurality of directional beams and an omni-directional beam pattern. The WTRU measures signals from a plurality of cells using the directional beams and the omni-directional beam pattern. The WTRU selects and registers with the cell having the strongest signal. In one embodiment, the WTRU selects a directional beam which has the strongest signal and uses it as an active beam to communicate with the selected cell. In another embodiment, the WTRU selects a cell/beam combination and registers with the selected cell using the selected beam. In yet another embodiment, the WTRU initiates a handoff to a neighboring cell that has a better signal measurement result than the selected cell.

Abstract: A mote network having and/or using one or more directional antennas.

Abstract: Disclosed is a transceiver for a base station with a smart antenna having a plurality of antennas. The transceiver comprises: a multipath searching unit for searching multipath delay information for each demodulation channel; a demodulating unit for forming an adaptive beam for each demodulation channel by using the multipath delay information for each demodulation channel for receiving signals and performing demodulation to the received signals and outputting at least one adaptive beam weight vector; a controlling unit for selecting at least one downlink beam index for each channel; and a modulating unit for selecting the downlink switched beams and forming switching beam for modulating signals of each channel and outputting the modulated signals in downlink.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transmit power control (TPC) while switching a beam among a plurality of beams in a wireless communication system. An antenna array generates a plurality of directional beams and preferably an omni-directional pattern and switches a beam among the plurality of beams preferably including the omni-directional pattern. Link quality on at least one of the plurality of beams is measured, and a beam having a greatest link quality is selected. If the selected beam is different from a current beam, a beam is switched from the current beam to the selected beam. While switching a beam, TPC parameters are adjusted based on the link quality difference between the link quality of the current beam and the link quality of the selected beam, and optionally, base on other parameters.

Abstract: Measurements for identifying pre-candidate cells are made by a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) operating with a switched beam antenna in a wireless communication system. The switched beam antenna is a smart antenna generating a plurality of directional beams and an omni-directional beam. The WTRU measures signals from cells not in an active set of cells to define a pre-candidate set of cells. Measured signals from cells in the pre-candidate set of cells are compared to a threshold, and the corresponding cells are moved from the pre-candidate set of cells to a candidate set of cells based upon the comparison to the threshold. A measurement report is then sent to the network.

Abstract: A high-directivity transponder system uses a dual system of a retrodirective array transmitting a data signal peak toward an interrogator source, and a self-null-steering array transmitting a null toward the interrogator source and a jamming signal elsewhere, resulting in high S/N reception at the interrogator source and avoidance of interception. Integrating modulators would allow each array to transmit different data while the spectra of the transmitted signals are identical, thus disabling interception. The system enables secure point-to-point communications and can be used for short-distance wireless data transmission systems such as wireless LAN and RFID servers.

Abstract: An antenna for use with a receiver in a wireless communications system includes antenna elements for generating antenna patterns, and a first module for applying weights to a signal received at each of the antenna elements to generate a selected one of the antenna patterns. A second module detects the received signal at each of the antenna elements. A combiner combines the received signal detected at each of the antenna elements to produce a combined received signal for a selected antenna pattern. A third module determines a signal quality metric for the combined received signal at each selected antenna pattern. The first module is responsive to the determined signal quality metrics for adjusting the weights to generate a preferred antenna pattern.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for compensating signal attenuation based on an equalizer. The apparatus Includes an auto gain controller, an analog-to-digital converter and an auto-gain-control mapping circuit. The auto gain controller is used for receiving an incoming analog signal and amplifying the received analog signal. The analog-to-digital convertor is used for converting the output of the auto gain controller into a digital signal. The output of the auto-gain-control mapping circuit is used to control the gain of the auto gain controller. The equalizer is connected to the output of the analog-to-digital converter to eliminate signal attenuation in the digital output of the analog-to-digital converter. The output of the auto-gain-control mapping circuit controls the gain of the auto gain controller based on the primary weight of the equalizer.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for adjusting transmission phasing in a point-to-point communication link is disclosed. The relative phases of the transmissions from each antenna are adjusted before transmission to give optimum gain when received by two or more antenna elements and a signal combining element. The signal includes a data component, consisting of a subset of the subcarriers modulated with the input data, which is common to transmissions from all antenna elements; and a phase reference component consisting of a subset of the subcarriers that are modulated with a predetermined phase. The signal combining element is operable to receive the components and extract phase information.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring a channel quality in wireless transmit/receive units (WTRUs) which are equipped with a subscriber based smart antenna. The WTRUs are equipped with a smart antenna so that the WTRU generates a plurality of directional beams and, optionally, an omni-directional beam. A dwell time is provided in a measurement period to switch a beam from an active beam to a non-active beam. The active beam is one of the plurality of directional beams or, optionally, the omni-directional beam, for communication with one or more serving base station(s). A beam is switched to a non-active beam at the initiation of the dwell time. Signals are received through the switched non-active beam, and samples of the received signals are generated. The samples are stored in a memory. Channel quality is measured using the samples, whereby the dwell time to measure the channel quality is minimized.

Abstract: A method of controlling multiple antenna signal transmission is disclosed. The method includes adjusting signal parameters so that transmission signals from a plurality of antennas combine to form a directional beam. A time duration in which the transmission signals are directed is controlled so that an average EIRP does not exceed a predetermined threshold.

Abstract: A technique for boresighting an antenna mounted on a moving platform is described. The technique uses a concurrently moving calibration target. Target navigation data and platform navigation data are used to compensate for movement of the target and the platform. The antenna pointing direction is biased in a direction which provides a best signal quality, and the bias used to determine antenna boresight calibration factors. The boresight correction factors can be used for open loop pointing.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to provide a tilt angle deciding method and a system wherein tilt angles to diminish the deterioration rate of the entire system can be obtained in the radio communication system. The method comprises the steps of setting initial values of tilt angles; calculating the deterioration rate at the initial values of tilt angles; selecting an antenna for reducing a tilt angle; reducing the tilt angle of the selected antenna; calculating a deterioration rate at the time when the tilt angle is reduced; determining the continuity of repeating the processes, after repeating the series of processes for reducing these tilt angles, and increasing tilt angles repeatedly in the similar way. In addition, the method comprises the steps of outputting tilt angles for diminishing a small deterioration rate, and determining whether the processes of repeating the whole steps finish.

Abstract: An antenna apparatus, which can increase capacity in a cellular communication system or Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), such as an 802.11 network, operates in conjunction with a mobile subscriber unit or client station. At least one antenna element is active and located within multiple passive antenna elements. The passive antenna elements are coupled to selectable impedance components for phase control of re-radiated RF signals. Various techniques for determining the phase of each antenna element are supported to enable the antenna apparatus to direct an antenna beam pattern toward a base station or access point with maximum gain, and, consequently, maximum signal-to-noise ratio. By directionally receiving and transmitting signals, multipath fading is greatly reduced as well as intercell interference.

Abstract: A method, a node and a machine-readable medium are provided for dynamically adjusting a beam of an adaptive antenna array (302). A receiving node (101) receives, via a group of antenna array elements (302), a signal from a transmitting node (101). Each received signal from the antenna array elements (101) is digitized and recorded. K+1 output signals are generated from the recorded digitized signal. The k+1 output signals are generated by applying each of a group of weight sets to the recorded digitized signal. Each of the weight sets corresponds to a different one of k known neighboring nodes (101) and a weight set for generating an omnidirectional propagation pattern. Which one of the k+1 output signals to process is determined. The determined one of the k+1 output signals is processed and the packet encoded in the determined one of the k+1 output signals is decoded.

Abstract: A transmitter for optical communication systems includes a source of optical radiation, a source of complex non-information signals, and a modulator unit in communication with the source of optical radiation. The modulator unit is also in communication with the source of complex non-information signals. The modulator has an input adapted to receive information-bearing signals.

Abstract: A node (105-1) determines a power level for transmitting to a neighboring node (105-2) in a wireless network (100). The node (105-1) receives one or more messages indicating a location of the neighboring node and a type of directional antenna of the neighboring node (105-2) that transmitted the one or more messages. The node (105-1) determines the power level for transmitting to the neighboring node (105-2) based on the location of the neighboring node (105-2) and the type of the directional antenna.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method, apparatus, and a computer program product for selective directional wireless communication. The apparatus comprises a computer system with a directional communication module. The present invention takes advantage of directional antennas in order to optimize wireless communication by minimizing interference with neighboring nodes. The technique presented is a CSMA/CA-based reservation protocol that improves the multiple access throughput of a wireless ad-hoc network by efficiently utilizing the interference reduction feature of switched-beam antennas by balancing the number of neighbors that need to back-off and the number of control/data packet collisions.