Abstract: An antenna apparatus is provided that has a strip of antenna elements extending in a first dimension, and a signal processing interface for connection to signal processing circuitry. A plurality of beamforming networks are also provided, wherein each beamforming network is arranged, when coupled to the strip of antenna elements, to cause an associated beam pattern of the beamforming network to be generated by the strip of antenna elements. Switching circuitry is used to enable any one of the plurality of beamforming networks to be inserted between the strip of antenna elements and the signal processing interface. Each beamforming network couples a first node of the beamforming network with multiple second nodes of the beamforming network in accordance with a coupling pattern of that beamforming network.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A wireless device such as a user equipment (UE) may determine a set of scheduled synchronization signal transmission times. A first subset of the set of scheduled synchronization signal transmission times may be allocated for dynamic measurement. The wireless device may select at least one candidate beam from a set of candidate beams for a dynamic measurement during one of the transmission times in the first subset. The at least one candidate beam may be selected based at least in part on a fairness metric, a signal strength metric, a timing metric, or a combination thereof. The wireless device may perform a measure procedure on the selected at least one candidate beam and may transmit a measurement report based at least in part on the measure procedure to another wireless device (e.g., a base station).

Abstract: A smart antenna, an antenna feeder system, an antenna communications system, and an Access Point (AP) are provided. The smart antenna includes an antenna element array and an impedance transformation circuit. A feeding end of the antenna element array is connected to a first end of the impedance transformation circuit, a second end of the impedance transformation circuit is an input end of the smart antenna, and the input end of the smart antenna is connected to a feeder. The antenna element array can form a plurality of different beam shapes, and the impedance transformation circuit is configured to transform the different input impedance of the feeding end of the antenna element array into preset input impedance at the input end of the smart antenna.

Abstract: A phase shifter element includes: a first signal path and a second signal path extending in parallel between an input node of the phase shifter element and an output node of the phase shifter element; at least one first signal path e-fuse in the first signal path; and at least one second signal path e-fuse in the second signal path. The phase shifter element is programmable to select one of the first signal path and the second signal path. The phase shifter element has a first phase shift when the first signal path is selected and a second phase shift, different than the first phase shift, when the second signal path is selected.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure describe systems and methods for UE positioning in wireless networks. Various embodiments may include signaling of virtual identifiers associated with remote radio heads of a coordinated multipoint communication system and generating a positioning reference signal based on the virtual identifiers. Other embodiments may be described and/or claimed.

Abstract: Examples disclosed herein relate to a phased array antenna system for use with a Low Earth Orbit (“LEO”) satellite constellation. The phased array antenna system has a plurality of antenna panels positioned in a dome and an antenna controller to control the plurality of antenna panels, the controller directing a first antenna panel to transmit a first signal and a second antenna panel to transmit a second signal to a LEO satellite, the first signal having a first phase and the second signal having a second phase different from the first phase.

Abstract: Systems and methods for enhancing coverage of repeater systems by time-division beamforming are provided. A repeater system includes an interface configured to communicate signals with a base station and a phased antenna array. The phased antenna array includes a plurality of antenna elements, wherein the phased antenna array is configured to generate a beam in a plurality of predefined directions and wirelessly communicate signals with user equipment in a coverage area of the phased antenna array. The repeater system further includes a beamforming circuit communicatively coupled to the phased antenna array, wherein the beamforming circuit is configured to adjust a direction of the beam generated by the phased antenna array to correspond to one of the plurality of predefined directions at a particular time according to a schedule.

Abstract: A process for an electronically steerable parasitic array (ESPAR) antenna includes operating the ESPAR antenna with a receiver in Normal Mode until an internal flag is generated by the receiver indicating jamming RF noise preventing Normal Mode operation, causing the ESPAR antenna to switch to Anti-jam Mode. Anti-jam Mode includes a Search Mode and a Track Mode. The ESPAR antenna is steered in Search Mode, causing the ESPAR antenna to beam in a circular pattern to locate a spatial direction of the jamming RF noise, identify the spatial direction of the jamming RF noise preventing Normal Mode operation, and place a null in the spatial direction of the jamming RF noise. The ESPAR antenna switches to Track Mode to maintain the null in the spatial direction of the jamming RF noise until the jamming RF noise is not present. The ESPAR antenna then returns to operating in Normal Mode.

Abstract: A user device cradle can include a receiver configured to removably retain a wireless user device. One or more Radio Frequency (RF) signal couplers and one or more power couplers can be disposed in the receiver of the cradle. The one or more RF signal couplers can be configured to couple one or more RF communication signals to the wireless user device, while the one or more power couplers can be configured to couple power to the wireless user device. The coupling of power to the user device can be reduced or minimized when a downlink signal is received by a user device in the user device cradle, or when the user device cradle is in a weak signal area.

Abstract: A communication terminal may include control circuitry and an array of antenna modules. Each module may include radiators on a substrate, a lens overlapping the radiators, a transceiver chain, and switching circuitry. The control circuitry may control the switching circuitry to activate a set of one or more radiators in a given module. The control circuitry may control the transceiver chain in that module to convey signals at a selected phase using each of the active radiators. Each of the active radiators may convey the signals over signal beams oriented in different directions by the lens. The control circuitry may adjust the active radiators in each module and may adjust the selected phase for each of the modules to generate a combined signal beam in a desired direction. The combined signal beam may be generated using signals from the active radiators in two or more modules across the array.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a beamforming device, including a transceiver circuit, a switch circuit and a beam former. The switch circuit is electrically connected to the transceiver circuit. The beam former contains a plurality of antenna units. The antenna units receive and send signals according to multiple radiation angles, and the radiation angle of each antenna unit is different. The switch circuit selectively conducts one of the antenna units to the transceiver circuit according to a control signal.

Abstract: A quantity of antennas included in the antenna assembly is greater than a quantity of receive antennas supported by customer premises equipment (CPE). Therefore, when a network changes, the CPE may select, from a plurality of antennas included in the antenna assembly, a quantity of antennas with relatively good data transmission performance as receive antennas, where the quantity is the same as the quantity of receive antennas supported by the CPE. That is, the CPE may not need to adjust directions of antennas, but select, from a redundant quantity of set antennas, antennas with relatively good receiving performance to ensure that the CPE is aligned with a direction with relatively good signal quality.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed herein that relate wireless device positioning based on cell portion specific Positioning Reference Signals (PRSs) by multiple Transmit Points (TPs) in a shared cell. In some embodiments, a method of operation of a TP in a cellular communications network is provided. The TP is one of multiple of non-co-located TPs of a shared cell that has a shared cell identifier. The method of operation of the TP comprises transmitting a PRS having at least one parameter that is a function of a cell portion identifier of the TP, where the at least one parameter comprises a frequency-shift of the PRS, a portion of a system bandwidth in which the PRS is transmitted, and/or a PRS sequence used for the PRS. By transmitting cell-portion-specific PRSs, the TPs in the shared cell enable wireless device positioning based on PRSs transmitted by the non-co-located TPs.

Abstract: A device receives, in a first sequence (501) of transmission frames (202) of a wireless channel, first positioning reference signals (151, 152) from a first base station. The device receives, in a second sequence (502) of transmission frames (202) which is at least partly different from the first sequence (501), second positioning reference signals (153, 154) from a second base station. A time-difference of arrival (TDOA) is determined based on the first positioning reference signals (151, 152) and the second positioning reference signals (153, 154).

Abstract: Methods and system for shaping radiation patterns are described. Given a plurality of radiation patterns corresponding to spatial combinations of a plurality of signals, a system can perform beam switching between the given plurality of radiation patterns within a configured time. The beam switching within the configured time can create a beam having a new radiation pattern within the signal modulation bandwidth.

Abstract: A photonic integrated circuit (PIC) provides a common architecture to feed both optical and RF phased arrays that may be used for missile guidance, mobile data links, autonomous vehicles and 5G cellular communications. A plurality of switches are monolithically fabricated on the PIC with the optical feed network to switch the optical power of the phase-modulated optical channel signals between the integrated optical antennas and the RF antennas to produce steerable optical and RF beams. The photo-detectors and RF antennas may be discrete components or integrated with the optical feed network.

Abstract: A training packet sending method and apparatus, where the method includes generating, by a first device, a training packet, where the training packet includes a preamble, a header, and a training field, and the header includes at least a legacy header, and repeatedly sending, by the first device, the preamble using N channels, sending the legacy header in the header using the N channels, and sending the training field to at least one second device using H channels of the N channels, where N is greater than 1, and H is greater than 1 and less than or equal to N.

Abstract: According to various embodiments of the present invention, disclosed is an electronic device comprising: a housing that comprises a front surface, a back surface opposite the front surface, and side surfaces surrounding a space between the front surface and the back surface and made of a metal material; at least one antenna array disposed within the housing so as to radiate a millimeter wave signal toward the inside of the electronic device; a wireless communication circuit electrically connected to the at least one antenna array and configured to communicate by using the millimeter wave signal; and a reflecting member arranged such that the millimeter wave signal radiated from the at least one antenna array is reflected toward the outside of the electronic device. In addition, various embodiments known from the specification are possible.

Abstract: A conformal array antenna includes a substrate and a conductive circuit. The substrate has a non-conductive roughened curved surface formed with a plurality of hook-shaped structures that are formed by blasting a plurality of particles on the substrate. The non-conductive roughened curved surface defines a plurality of spaced-apart antenna pattern regions. The conductive circuit is located in the antenna pattern regions, and includes an activation layer formed on the roughened curved surface and containing an active metal, and a first metal layer formed on the activation layer.

Abstract: A method performed at a beacon for broadcasting position reference signals and a method performed at a network control node, a beacon, a network control node and a computer program are disclosed. The method performed at the beacon comprises: transmitting a network access signal indicative of a geographical location of the beacon; receiving a network control signal from a network control node, the network control signal comprising a configuration control signal indicative of configuration information for broadcast of the position reference signals; and broadcasting position reference signals in accordance with the configuration information.

Abstract: An electronic device is provided. The electronic device includes a housing, an antenna structure including a printed circuit board, a first sub antenna structure including first group antenna elements, a second sub antenna structure including second group antenna elements disposed in a first direction from the first sub antenna structure, a third sub antenna structure including third group antenna elements disposed in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, and a fourth sub antenna structure including fourth group antenna elements disposed to form a two-dimensional array together with at least some antenna elements of the first group antenna elements, the second group antenna elements, or the third group antenna elements, and a communication circuit that transmits and/or receives a signal having a frequency between 3 GHz and 100 GHz by using at least a part of the first, the second, the third, or the fourth group antenna elements.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed from the perspective of an User Equipment (UE). In one embodiment, the method includes the UE performing sensing on a second direction or beam. The method also includes the UE performing a sidelink transmission on a resource on a first direction or beam, wherein the resource is selected based on at least sensing result of the second direction or beam.

Abstract: Phase shifters for communication systems are provided herein. In certain embodiments, a phase shifter includes a plurality of phase shifting sections and a plurality of selection switches each coupled to a corresponding one of the phase shifting sections. The selection switches are formed on a semiconductor die, and are operable to connect one or more selected phase shifting sections between an input terminal and an output terminal, thereby controlling an overall phase shift provided by the phase shifter.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical reception device for receiving a signal from an antenna array comprising: a light source generating an optical carrier and M phased optical beams which are frequency-shifted relative to the optical carrier; a collection circuit comprising N paths connected to an antenna, and comprising a modulator of an incident signal; a beam-forming network connecting (M+1) first ports to N second ports connected to one path, M first ports being connected to the optical beams and a control port connected to the other ports so that a maximum optical intensity on the control port corresponds to phased signals on the N second ports.

Abstract: A device may determine a coverage area associated with a base station. The device may determine a handover weight associated with one or more user equipments (UEs) connected to the base station in the coverage area, wherein the handover weight indicates a degree of mobility of the one or more UEs. The device may identify a geographic region associated with the coverage area and may determine information concerning the geographic region that includes information concerning one or more roads in the geographic region. The device may determine a mobility rating associated with the coverage area based on the handover weight or the information concerning the geographic region. The device may select a beam management profile based on the mobility rating and may send the beam management profile to a different device to allow the different device to control the base station according to the beam management profile.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for operating a wireless power transmission system. The wireless power transmission system receives an encoded beacon signal delivered from and initiated by a wireless power receiver client configured to receive wireless power from the wireless power transmission system. The wireless power transmission system also delivers wireless power to the wireless power receiver client and simultaneously detects for additional encoded beacon signals delivered from and initiated by additional wireless power receiver clients.

Abstract: The beamforming system includes a plurality of beamformers operatively coupled to each other. Each beamformer includes a plurality of signal generation units and a plurality of respective delaying units. Each beamformer includes a plurality of multipliers assigned to each delaying unit. Each beamformer includes a plurality of summers configured to receive a respective group of conditioned signals from a respective group of the plurality of multipliers, combine the respective group of conditioned signals and generate a respective phased array output signal. Each of the summers is configured to receive at least another input other than the respective group of conditioned signals. The plurality of beamformers are interconnected such that each of the plurality of summers within each beamformer receives, as the at least another input, a respective phased array output signal from a summer of a different one of the plurality of beamformers. As associated method is also provided.

Abstract: A liquid crystal cell includes a TFT substrate including a first dielectric substrate, TFTs supported by the first dielectric substrate, and patch electrodes electrically connected to the TFTs, a slot substrate including a second dielectric substrate and a slot electrode including slots and supported by the second dielectric substrate, and a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the TFT substrate and the slot substrate that are disposed such that the patch electrodes and the slot electrode face each other. Liquid crystal molecules included in the liquid crystal layer are oriented in all azimuthal angle directions in a state in which voltage is not applied between the patch electrodes and the slot electrode.

Abstract: A communications apparatus comprises a power amplifier configured to amplify a signal for transmission, a controllable switch coupled to an output of the power amplifier, an omnidirectional antenna coupled to a first output of the controllable switch, an antenna array coupled to a second output of the controllable switch, the antenna array comprising a plurality of antennas configured to form the signal into a beam of transmitted signals, the beam having a directional bias with respect to a location of the communications apparatus, and a controller. The controller is configured to control the controllable switch to switch a between a first mode of operation of the communications apparatus in which the signal for transmission from the output of the power amplifier is fed to the omnidirectional antenna, and a second mode of operation of the communications apparatus in which the signal from the output of the power amplifier is fed to the antenna array.

Abstract: In the disclosed optically-fed transmitting phased-array architecture, transmitting signals are converted between the electrical domain and the optical domain by using electro-optic (EO) modulators and photodiodes. RF signal(s) generated from a relatively low frequency source modulate an optical carrier signal. This modulated optical signal can be remotely imparted to photodiodes via optical fibers. Desired RF signals may be recovered by photo-mixing at the photodiodes whose wired RF outputs are then transmitted to radiating elements of the antennas. The antenna array may generate a physical RF beam that transmits an RF signal that is focused on one or more selectable locations. Multiple RF beams may be simultaneously generated, each RF beam being capable of being directed to focus on a unique location or set of locations.

Abstract: An ultra-wideband (UWB) beam forming system is disclosed. In one or more embodiments, the UWB beam forming system includes a plurality of radiating elements forming a circular, cylindrical, conical, spherical, or multi-faceted array and a beamformer coupled to the radiating elements. The beamformer includes one or more transformable reconfigurable integrated units (TRIUNs) configured to independently control individual radiating elements or groups of radiating elements of the plurality of radiating elements.

Abstract: A system is provided that includes multiple analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), multiple antennas, and one or more processors. The one or more processors are configured, in a first mode of operation, to receive from the multiple ADCs samples of emissions received by one of the antennas and identify a signal of interest. The one or more processors are configured, in a second mode of operation, receive from the multiple ADCs samples of emissions received by the multiple antennas and identify an angle of arrival for the signal of interest.

Abstract: Ultra-reconfigurable reflectarrays using vanadium dioxide (VO2) are provided, as well as methods of fabricating and using the same. The ultra-reconfigurable reflectarrays operate based on the unique phase-change properties of VO2, by including a heating element configured to heat desired areas of a VO2 layer/reflector, such that the VO2 reflector/layer can be reconfigured to have a desired pattern heated (and therefore changed to a conducting state) at a given time, with a good spatial resolution of the desired pattern.

Abstract: A network device may comprise a plurality of antennas; a processor; and a non-transitory computer readable medium storing a plurality of codebooks, each of the plurality of codebooks comprising instructions to test communication capabilities of the network device using a particular configuration of the plurality of antennas, in response to a first boot of the network device, the processor causing the network device to: load a first codebook of the plurality of codebooks; test the particular configuration of the plurality of antennas associated with the first codebook; store a first result comprising the communication capability of the first codebook; load a second codebook of the plurality of codebooks; test the particular configuration of the plurality of antennas associated with the second codebook; store a second result comprising the communication capability of the second codebook; and select the first codebook or the second codebook based on the first result or the second result.

Abstract: Some demonstrative embodiments include apparatuses systems and/or methods of ranging measurement. For example, an apparatus may include circuitry and logic configured to cause a first wireless communication station (STA) to receive from a second STA a sounding transmission for a range measurement of a range between the first STA and the second STA; to determine a channel response estimation based on the sounding transmission from the second STA; to determine a timing value based on the channel response estimation; and to transmit a feedback message to the second STA, the feedback message including the timing value.

Abstract: A remote radio head as part of a small cell or home gateway communication system, comprising a baseband module and a radio unit, the baseband module and the radio unit being configured to be placed on opposing sides of a lossy medium, such as a window. The baseband module is configured to receive and transmit an information signal from a user equipment inside of a structure and the radio unit configured to receive and transmit an information signal from a user equipment or a base station node outside of the structure. The baseband module is further configured to perform signal modulation and demodulation and up-conversion and down-conversion, and the radio unit is configured to perform up-conversion and down-conversion. The baseband module and the radio unit are capable of receiving and transmitting wireless intermediate frequency signals through a lossy medium, so as to avoid signal attenuation, particularly for mmWave wireless signals.

Abstract: Embodiments are provided for a radar system including: an N number of transmit antennas; a chirp generator configured to produce linear chirp waveforms; an N number of phase shift keying (PSK) coders, each assigned a respective optimized transmitter code of a set of optimized transmitter codes, each optimized transmitter code of the set comprises a sequence of K code chips, each optimized transmitter code of the set is orthogonal to every other optimized transmitter code of the set, spectral analysis of a cross-correlation between any two optimized transmitter codes results in sidelobes no greater than a predetermined detection threshold, each PSK coder encodes K linear chirp waveforms according to the sequence of K code chips of the respective optimized transmitter code and produces a respective optimized coded chirp sequence, and each of the N transmit antennas outputs the respective optimized coded chirp sequence at the same time.

Abstract: A detection device includes a plurality of drive electrodes, wherein: in a first mode, a first drive electrode block including a first number of the drive electrodes are supplied with a first drive signal; in a second mode, a second drive electrode block including a second number of the drive electrodes are supplied with a second drive signal; and the first number is different from the second number.

Abstract: An antenna device and its control method is provided. The antenna device includes: a ground layer; a feeding element, connecting to the ground layer; a first radiating element, extending along a first direction and connected to the ground layer; a second radiating element, extending along a second direction which is orthogonal to the first direction, and connected the ground layer; a first switching element, coupled between the feeding element and the first radiating element, and configured to electrically connect or disconnect the feeding element and the first radiating element; and a second switching element disposed between the feeding element and the second radiating element, and configured to electrically connect or disconnect the feeding element and the second radiating element.

Abstract: A system for locating an object in a volume of space can include a sensor device having multiple antennae, and a switch coupled to the antennae. The system can also include a controller communicably coupled to the switch, where the controller measures a first angle of a signal received at a first antenna, where the first angle of the signal is associated with a location of the object. The controller also operates the switch from a first position to a second position, where the first position enables the first antenna, and where the second position enables a second antenna. The controller further measures a second angle of the signal received at the second antenna, where the second angle of the signal is associated with the location of the object. The controller also determines, using the first angle and the second angle, a multi-dimensional location of the object.

Abstract: A device may determine a coverage area associated with a base station. The device may determine a handover weight associated with one or more user equipments (UEs) connected to the base station in the coverage area, wherein the handover weight indicates a degree of mobility of the one or more UEs. The device may identify a geographic region associated with the coverage area and may determine information concerning the geographic region that includes information concerning one or more roads in the geographic region. The device may determine a mobility rating associated with the coverage area based on the handover weight or the information concerning the geographic region. The device may select a beam management profile based on the mobility rating and may send the beam management profile to a different device to allow the different device to control the base station according to the beam management profile.

Abstract: This disclosure is generally directed to a microstrip phased array antenna with a switch line phase shifter to obtain steerable beam pattern. In an embodiment, the microstrip phased array antenna includes a plurality microstrip lines disposed/patterned on a substrate to form a relatively compact phase shifter network that can switchably introduce phase shifts into an RF signal. In particular, each phase shifter of the phase shifter network may be formed from a number of equal-length RF lines that extend from a common point and “loop” to form substantially circular paths. The common point from which each of the RF lines extend may include a VIA to couple to an antenna device. A plurality of switches, e.g., PIN diodes, may be disposed along the RF lines to switchably extend the overall length of each of the phase shifters, and more particularly each transmission line, to selectively introduce a target phase shift.

Abstract: A method, an apparatus, and a computer program product for wireless communication are provided. According to some aspects, the apparatus may identify a first power state and a second power state, wherein the first power state is associated with a first transmission or reception of one or more first beams, and the second power state is associated with a second transmission or reception of one or more second beams; and/or switch from the first power state to the second power state, wherein the apparatus is configured to use at least one of a scheduled gap or at least one intermediate power state between the first power state and the second power state to smooth a transition from the first power state to the second power state. Numerous other aspects are provided.

Abstract: The invention provides an antenna array comprising: a plurality of antenna modules, each of the antenna modules comprising an antenna, a signal conductor and one or more microelectromechanical (MEMS) switches, the antenna being conductively connected to the signal conductor, the MEMS switches and at least a portion of the signal conductor being supported by a MEMS substrate; and one or more integrated circuits comprising MEMS control circuitry configured to control the said one or more MEMS switches and/or signal processing circuitry configured to process signals received and/or to be transmitted by the antennas of the antenna modules, wherein the antenna modules and integrated circuits are supported by a common carrier substrate comprising the antennas of the antenna modules, the MEMS switches; or the said one or more integrated circuits. A hierarchy of MEMS controllers includes a master MEMS controller and local MEMS controllers which send control signals to a plurality of MEMS switches.

Abstract: An electronic device that determines one or more antenna patterns is described. During operation, this electronic device may reserve N time slots in a communication channel. Then, the electronic device may provide predefined frames in the N time slots that are intended for the second electronic device, where each time slot is associated with a different antenna pattern of an antenna. For example, the predefined frames may include null data packets (NDPs), and the time slot may have an extremum value of a performance metric, such as a signal-to-noise ratio. Moreover, the electronic device may receive feedback associated with the second electronic device, where the feedback includes information specifying at least a time slot in the N time slots. Next, the electronic device may select, based at least in part on the feedback, an antenna pattern associated with the time slot for use when communicating with the second electronic device.

Abstract: Systems and apparatuses include an electronically scanned array system including a power supply system, a radiating element subarray, a plurality of beamformer chips, and a plurality of control buses. The power supply system a first power converter structured to receive and condition mains power, a second power converter arranged in parallel with the first power converter, and a controller structured to monitor the first power converter and the second power converter and to operate one of a first switch or a second switch to provide conditioned power. The radiating element subarray includes active radiating elements, and between about one percent and about twenty percent reserve radiating elements distributed throughout the active radiating elements.

Abstract: An antenna device includes an antenna unit and reflecting units. The antenna unit is arranged on a substrate. The reflecting units are arranged separately from each other on the substrate and surrounding the antenna unit. The reflecting units are configured to adjust a radiation pattern of the antenna unit, and each of the reflecting units includes a first portion and a second portion. The first portion has an upper side and a lower side, and the lower side of the first portion is coupled to the substrate. The second portion has a lower side connected to the upper side of the first portion. A width of the lower side of the first portion is smaller than a width of the lower side of the second portion.

Abstract: A radio frequency identification (RFID) tag includes an antenna, a power circuit, a tuning circuit, a receiver, and a backscatter transmitter. The power circuit is operably coupled to convert a radio frequency (RF) signal received via the antenna from an RFID reader into one or more power supply voltages. The tuning circuit is operably coupled to the antenna and to adjust an RF characteristic of the antenna and/or the tuning circuit based on a difference between a resonant frequency of the RFID tag and a carrier frequency of the RF signal. The receiver is operably coupled to receive a command signal from the RFID reader. The backscatter transmitter is operably coupled to transmit a response signal to the RFID reader via the antenna.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure describe systems, methods, and structures for optical phased array calibration that advantageously may be performed as a single-pass measurement of phase offset with respect to only a single interference measurement. In sharp contrast to the prior art—systems, methods, and structures according to aspects of the present disclosure advantageously produce phase offsets and phase functions of each element without time-consuming iterative procedures or multiple detector signals as required by the prior art.

Abstract: Disclosed is a technique to estimate at least a portion of an attitude, such as an azimuth angle from true North, based on beam angles from a controlled reception pattern antenna (CRPA) to space vehicle locations. Other attitude information such as roll and/or pitch can also be estimated. The at least portion of the attitude can be provided with or without an additional sensor, such as a compass or magnetometer, an inertial measurement unit (IMU), or the like. An attitude estimate can be useful because oftentimes the attitude of an object can vary from its track or velocity direction.