Abstract: A system for determining a direction of arrival for signals is provided. The system includes a non-uniform linear array including a plurality of antenna and configured to receive a wireless signal. The system is programmed to receive a plurality of normalized phase candidates for the direction of arrival of the received wireless signal. For each of the plurality of normalized phase candidates, the at least one processor is programmed to calculate a phase error, estimate a plurality of unwrapped measured phases based on the corresponding phase error, and calculate a likelihood based on the corresponding plurality of unwrapped measured phases. The at least one processor is further programmed to select a normalized phase candidate as a direction of arrival estimate based on a comparison of the plurality of likelihood normalized phases.

Abstract: A portable communication device includes a processor positioned in a first printed circuit board; a communication circuit; and an antenna module. The antenna module includes a second printed circuit board; a first antenna and a second antenna positioned in the second printed circuit board; a first transmission-reception circuit positioned in the second printed circuit board. The first transmission-reception circuit comprises a power amplifier for amplifying a signal to be transmitted through the first antenna, and a first low noise amplifier for amplifying a signal received through the first antenna. The power amplifier forms a portion of a transmission path electrically connected with the communication circuit and the first antenna. The first low noise amplifier forms a portion of a first reception path electrically connected with the communication circuit and the first antenna.

Abstract: In order to enhance the performance with which a moving target is detected by a single sensor and with a degree of freedom in a transmission waveform, a moving-target detection system 1 has a transmission waveform setting means 101 for setting a transmission waveform St(t), a transmission means 102 for transmitting a wave having the set transmission waveform St(t), a reception means 103 for receiving a wave including a reflected wave from a target, a Doppler shift estimation means 104 for estimating a Doppler shift that occurs due to movement of the target from the transmission waveform St(t) and a reception waveform Sr(t) including the reflected wave, a transmission waveform deformation means 105 for generating a deformed transmission waveform in which the transmission waveform St(t) is deformed in accordance with the estimated Doppler shift, and a target sensing means 106 for sensing the target using the deformed transmission waveform.

Abstract: A capacitance detection circuit includes an excitation signal source configured to supply an AC driving voltage to drive the detection electrode, a high-pass filter configured to cause a current signal input from the detecting electrode to be output after being attenuated in a prescribed frequency region that is lower than a frequency of the excitation signal source, and a current signal measurement circuit connected between the high-pass filter and the excitation signal source. The current signal measurement circuit is configured to measure a current signal from the high-pass filter. The high-pass filter includes a first passive circuit element connected in series between the detection electrode and the current signal measurement circuit, and a second passive circuit element connected in series between the excitation signal source and a node between the detection electrode and the first passive circuit element.

Abstract: Disclosed are an apparatus and a method for estimating a parameter of a multi path signal. The apparatus for estimating a parameter of a multi path signal includes: a plurality of pre-processing units configured to pre-process respective reception signals received through a plurality of antennas; a plurality of parameter converting units configured to approximate a parameter set of the respective pre-processed reception signals to have a sparse characteristic in a Doppler frequency and angle of arrival domain; and a parameter estimating unit configured to estimate an angle of arrival for a plurality of reception signals in each frequency region of the Doppler frequency and angle of arrival domain.

Abstract: Angle of arrival and/or range estimation within a wireless communication device. Appropriate processing of communications received by a wireless communication device is performed to determine the angle of arrival of the communication (e.g., with respect to some coordinate basis of the wireless communication device). Also, appropriate processing of the communications may be performed in accordance with range estimation as performed by the wireless communication device to determine the distance between the transmitting and receiving wireless communication devices. There are two separate modes of packet processing operations that may be performed: (1) when contents of the received packet are known, and (2) when contents of the received packet are unknown. The wireless communication device includes a number of antenna, and a switching mechanism switches from among the various antennae capitalizing on the spatial diversity of the antennae to generate a multi-antenna signal.

Abstract: A system for indicating the relative direction of a target object or location as determined from the current position of a wireless communication device. The system employs Direction of Arrival determination using an antenna array for indicating the direction of a target device and includes facilities to activate a location-indicating transmission in a target device, the ability to request that a location-indicating transmission be activated in a remote target device, relevant information reception from a target device and the display of all potential target devices within effective transmission range of the wireless communication device.

Abstract: An antenna diversity system for radio reception for motor vehicles, which comprises a multi-antenna system having several antennas with antenna feed lines. There can be a diversity switching device for selection of a different reception signal, and an evaluation circuit which evaluates the reception quality of the reception signal just arriving at the receiver. This evaluation circuit is designed to bring a different reception signal in terms of diversity to the receiver if interference occurs, by switching over. This design also includes at least one phase rotation device which is disposed along at least one of the signal paths.

Abstract: An antenna system comprising a first antenna element, a second antenna element, and a parasitic element, wherein the parasitic element is arranged with regard to the first antenna element and the second antenna element such that a greatest difference in gain between respective antenna patterns of the first and second antenna elements occurs at a null of the pattern of the first antenna element.

Abstract: In a direction finding system, pluralities of signals provided by different sets of less than all of a plurality of arrayed antennas are code division multiplexed, downconverted by a single receiver, A/D converted and separated to derive signals that are processed to estimate the directions of arrival of the signals received by the different sets of antennas at different frequencies. The signals from different antennas are coded with different codes that have a common M-sequence and different phases for the different antennas. The derived signals are processed to detect the presence of signals and simultaneously demodulate and estimate the directions of arrival of signals by the antennas at the different frequencies. The different sets of antennas from which the received signals are provided for coding and multiplexing are selectively varied in accordance with the estimated directions of arrival and estimated magnitudes.

Abstract: A handheld GPS jammer locator for locating a GPS jamming signal generated by a jammer. The handheld GPS jammer locator has two modes of operation, a amplitude mode and a difference finding mode. The amplitude measures the strength of an incoming GPS jamming signal and the difference finding mode determines the direction of the incoming jamming signal.

Abstract: An approach position input device includes a plurality of antennas arranged in the form of a lattice. An oscillator applies a high-frequency ac voltage to the antennas. A signal processing circuit processes signals from the antennas. A change-over switch including switching elements sequentially changes over a connection between the antennas and the signal processing circuit. CPU sends a selection signal to the change-over switch for antenna selection. CPU calculates an approach position of a human body according to signals from the signal processing circuit. CPU instructs the change-over switch to apply the ac voltage from the oscillator only to the antenna selected according to the selection signal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a receiver device and method of receiving a radio signal, wherein radio signals are received through at least two respective different receiving paths, combined and processed in a common multi-carrier path. In particular, a carrier of the common multi-carrier path is allocated to each channel signal provided in the combined signals. Signals received from different antenna elements, e.g. sector antennas, can thus be combined together and fed to just one multi-carrier receiver, so that hardware requirements are significantly reduced.

Abstract: The invention relates to a diversity reception system for motor vehicles for digitally modulated terrestrial and/or satellite radio signals in a frequency range above 1 GHz. The system includes an antenna arrangement which supplies the reception signal to a radio receiver. The antenna arrangement is an antenna system having several individual antennas and several antenna components, and contains a controllable logic switching device. The individual antennas and the several antenna components are positioned on the vehicle so that different reception signals are available at the antenna connection point via discrete switching positions of a controllable logic switch. A reception level testing device comparatively determines the reception level contained in the data flow in the HF-channel with an HF channel bandwidth B.

Abstract: A receiver (9) for receiving a plurality of different signals at the same time, said receiver (9) comprising means for identifying at least one strongest signal of said plurality of different signals and means for attenuating said at least one strongest signal with respect to the other of said plurality of signals wherein the said attenuating means comprises hybrid means (140 and 160).

Abstract: A method of determining the angle of arrival of a signal, the method comprising the steps of: providing a plurality of antennae; sampling, in turn, the output from each of the antennae, to obtain a set of samples, each of the samples relating to different points in time; performing a Fourier transform on the set of samples, thereby producing a sequence of spectral lines; identifying a signal impinging on the antennae from the configuration of the spectral lines; and calculating, from phase and amplitude data gathered from at least a subset of the spectral lines, the direction of arrival of the signal at the antennae.

Abstract: The invention relates to a diversity reception system for motor vehicles for digitally modulated terrestrial and/or satellite radio signals in the frequency range above 1 GHz. The system includes an antenna arrangement of which the reception signal is supplied to a radio receiver. The antenna arrangement is designed as an antenna system having several individual antennas and several antenna components, and contains a controllable logic switching device. The individual antennas and the several antenna components are positioned on the vehicle so that for discrete switching positions of the controllable logic switch, reception signals that are different in terms of diversity are available at the antenna connection point. A reception level testing device is provided for the comparative determination of the reception level contained in the data flow in the HF-channel with an HF channel bandwidth B.

Abstract: A FM (VHF) infrared wireless digital metal detector is disclosed having a sealed aluminum radiation shield and dielectric case, with a infrared phototransistor detector and krypton bulb arranged to relay detection data to meter within a clustered instrument combination down in front of metal detector unit.

Abstract: A ground unit capable of being carried on the back of a member of the armed orces is used in conjunction with a marker beacon. The ground unit detects and identifies the signals from the marker beacon and is also capable of indicating the direction in which the marker beacon is located. For identification purposes, a received signal at the ground unit from the beacon is checked with a known identification code signal inserted in the ground unit by the user. Upon detection of the signal the user can determine the direction to the marker beacon by scanning with a hand-held antenna system. Visual and audio information is provided to the user.

Abstract: A system and method for obtaining the bearing angle of radio frequency is utilized in a direction finding system to determine the signal of interest. The system utilized an adaptive interferometric processor to null out modulation occurring due to commutation between the antenna elements. Through this system the bearing angle can be determined accurately and efficiently.

Abstract: An antenna configuration system for determining the bearing angle of a radio frequency signal includes a plurality of loop antennas and at least one sense antenna. Through the utilization of combining networks with the loop antennas, in-phase and out-of-phase output signals are summed with the signal from the one sense antenna. The summed signal is sent to an adaptive processing system to allow for the determination the bearing angle of the radio frequency signal.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present invention is a system for time multiplexing a carrier signal received by two or more GPS antennas through a single hardware path, using a single receiver's oscillator in that hardware path as a reference to compare the phase from each antenna. One of the antennas is designated as a reference antenna and a carrier signal received by it is used to phase lock in numerically controlled oscillator. The same carrier signal received by the other antennas is periodically compared in phase to the output of the numerically controlled oscillator. Each comparison results in a phase angle measurement for the respective antennas compared to the master antenna.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to methods and apparatus for separating radio signals arriving from different directions and for multiplexing signals intended for receivers dispersed in different directions. The methods and apparatus employ a plurality of antennas with spacing and individual feedline characteristics designed so that a modulation is imparted to each of a plurality of incident signals, for receiving antennas, and radiated signals for transmitting antennas, the modulation level of each signal being determined by the direction of propagation of the signal and by the spacing between antenna pairs. Accordingly, the orientation of lines connecting pairs of antennas as well as the spacing between antennas are set to inhibit the modulation in a particular direction, or to strip a particular modulation off a signal incident from a selected direction.

Abstract: An electronic device (100) operating on a battery voltage (126) is disclosed having a regulator (108) for producing a first reference voltage (106) and a second reference voltage (110). The electronic device (100) includes an A/D converter (114) for comparing the battery voltage (126) to the first reference voltage (106) to produce a first sample. The A/D converter (114) also compares the second reference voltage (110) to the first reference voltage (106) to produce a second sample. The two samples are then subtracted at a micro-computer (112) to produce a difference sample. The micro-computer (112) compares the difference sample to a first value and detects low battery conditions when the difference sample is below the first value.

Abstract: The range from which transponder replies can be received at a virtual secondary surveillance radar of the type described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,115,771 is extended by replacing the omnidirectional antenna previously utilized to receive replies from transponders within the range of the SSR with a stationary array of a plurality of directive antennas arranged in a circle and having radiation patterns pointing in different directions from the center of and covering a respective sector of the circle, and sequentially switching on the antenna of the array covering the sector in which the rotating beam of the associated SSR is then pointing.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to methods and apparatus for separating radio signals arriving from different directions and for multiplexing signals intended for receivers dispersed in different directions. The methods and apparatus employ a plurality of antennas with spacing and individual feedline characteristics designed so that a modulation is imparted to each of a plurality of incident signals, for receiving antennas, and radiated signals for transmitting antennas, the modulation level of each signal being determined by the direction of propagation of the signal and by the spacing between antenna pairs. Accordingly, the orientation of lines connecting pairs of antennas as well as the spacing between antennas are set to inhibit the modulation in a particular direction, or to strip a particular modulation off a signal incident from a selected direction.

Abstract: Method and device in the antenna and receiving system of a radio theodolite, wherein the radio signal arriving from the transmitter of the object (31) to be measured is received by means of at least three antennas (1 . . . n-1) in the antenna field (AK) as well as by means of a reference antenna (n). The signals received from said antennas are passed to the receiving system, being controlled and selected by an antenna-selection switch (10a). By means of said system, the phase differences between the signals of different antennas are detected and measured, on the basis of which phase differences it is possible to calculate the angles of incidence (.alpha.,.epsilon.) of the signals on the basis of the known coordinates of location of the antennas in the antenna field (AK). In the method an outer reference antenna (n+1) is used which does not belong to the antenna field (AK) proper. The phases of the antennas (1 . . .

Abstract: Angle of arrival of a pulsed RF signal, such as that emitted by a radar transmitter, is determined by use of a detection circuit that contains a single RF receiver. The RF signal direction of arrival determining system contains a switching means to automatically alternately switch the outputs from two physically spaced receiving antennas to the input of the RF tuner. In turn the tuner's output is coupled to a power divider. The output of this power divider is branched, one output being coupled through a first IF amplifier to one of the two inputs of a phase detector and the second output being coupled through a second circuit, containing a delay line and an IF amplifier serially arranged, to the second input of the phase detector. The phase detector displays the phase difference between the two signals.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to methods, algorithms and apparatus for direction-of arrival (DOA) measurement/computation based on long-baseline, phase-difference, paired-antenna interferometry and on DOA-computing array processing algorithms. Specifically, methods and algorithms based on direct, cyclically unambiguous estimation of the cosine of the DOA are described for resolving the cyclic ambiguities in long-baseline, phase-difference paired-antenna interferometers, and for steering the computations to the vicinities of the solutions in computation-intensive array processing algorithms, thereby reducing computation load and time. The invention enables the design of DOA-determination systems and radio navigation aids that combine desirable characteristics (such as high resolution and accuracy, simpilicity, low cost, self-calibration, etc.) of different methods of extracting/computing DOA data from the outputs of antenna elements that are positioned in diverse arrangements for realizing complementary apertures.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to methods and apparatus for separating radio signals arriving from different directions and for multiplexing signals intended for receivers dispersed in different directions. The methods and apparatus employ a plurality of antennas with spacing and individual feedline characteristics designed so that a modulation is imparted to each of a plurality of incident signals, for receiving antennas, and radiated signals for transmitting antennas, the modulation level of each signal being determined by the direction of propagation of the signal and by the spacing between antenna pairs. Accordingly, the orientation of lines connecting pairs of antennas as well as the spacing between antennas are set to inhibit the modulation in a particular direction, or to strip a particular modulation off a signal incident from a selected direction.

Abstract: An apparatus for tracking phase discontinuities introduced into a received signal at known instants is disclosed. The phase discontinuities are introduced into the received signal by command signals derived from a system timing reference. A controlled oscillator generates an output signal at the same frequency as the received signal. The controlled oscillator introduces into the output signal a phase jump having a magnitude and timing determined by a control signal applied to its input. A synchronous detector responsive to phase jumps in the received signal generates the control signal so as to introduce a phase jump into the output signal at the known instants equal in magnitude and sign to the detected phase jumps. The controlled oscillator and synchronous detector constitute a delta phase tracking loop which is capable of tracking the discontinuities in phase.