Abstract: An antenna system is provided. The antenna system comprises at least two antenna elements. In this context, the at least two antenna elements are arranged around an inner diameter. In addition to this, each of the at least two antenna elements is configured to be controlled separately from each other. Exemplarily, each of the at least two antenna elements is connected to a corresponding amplifier.

Abstract: A method for direction finding of at least one incoming signal with a direction finding antenna unit is described, the direction finding antenna unit comprising at least an antenna system having several antenna elements. One antenna element is used as a reference antenna element. A subset of the several antenna elements is selected when the reference antenna element detects the incoming signal, the selected subset ensuring the best signal-to-noise ratio of all possible subsets of the several antenna elements with respect to the reference antenna element. Phase difference and orientation of the incoming signal are related to the reference antenna element. Further, a direction finding antenna unit is described.

Abstract: A laser beam steering device for two-dimensionally steering a laser beam may include a refractive index converting layer whose charge concentration is configured to change based on an electric signal applied thereto; an antenna disposed above the refractive converting layer; a laser beam reflecting layer disposed below the refractive index converting layer and including a plurality of cells arranged in a two-dimensional matrix; and a driver disposed below the laser beam reflecting layer and including a plurality of driving circuits respectively connected to the plurality of cells, the plurality of driving circuits being configured to respectively apply electric signals to the plurality of cells.

Abstract: An antenna apparatus for determining the position of a radio-frequency transponder is provided, comprising a phased array of antennas enabled to transmit and receive power at a given frequency for communicating with a radio frequency (RF) transponder, the phased array being movable; and a phase shifter for providing a phase shift to at least one antenna of the phased array to provide a minima in a main radiated lobe of the phased array, such that when the phased array is moved from a first position, for detecting the RF transponder via the main radiated lobe, to a second position, where a signal from the RF transponder is minimized, a position of the RF transponder determined to be along an axis of the minima in the second position.

Abstract: A method of measuring the direction of arrival ? of radio signals in the HF band received by a crossed loop antenna includes, in a preparatory calibration phase, acquiring and recording the measurements made by the antenna of a calibration signal which varies in its frequency and bearing angle; and in a measurement phase in which the bearing angle or angles of arrival of signals detected by the antenna is or are determined, acquiring the signals detected in at least one frequency channel, and then, for each frequency channel fi, correlating the acquired signals with the recordings having frequencies close to fi, resulting from the calibration, and determining the direction of arrival of the signals by finding the bearing angle ? for which the maximum correlation is reached.

Abstract: An antenna arrangement including at least two antenna functions arranged to cover a certain angular sector, each antenna function comprising a corresponding antenna port. The antenna arrangement is configured to perform: a first direction of arrival (DOA) estimation for a transmitting device at a first frequency, and a second DOA estimation for the transmitting device at a second frequency, wherein the second frequency has a larger magnitude than the first frequency, and wherein at least one second frequency grating lobe is apparent in the angular sector at the second frequency. The antenna arrangement is configured to: distinguish the at least one second frequency grating lobe from a second frequency main lobe using results from the first DOA estimation, and identify a pointing direction of the second frequency main lobe as a resulting DOA estimation. Related methods are also described.

Abstract: This invention enables reduction of moving blurring in a hold-type display device and reduce flicker in an impulse-type display device, and also enables to suppress distortion such as ghost or tail-blurring in pursuit. A LPF generates low-frequency image data from input frame. High-frequency emphasized image data is also generated using a subtractor and an adder. A SizeDown unit reduces the low-frequency image data to decrease the number of pixels. A motion detection/motion application unit performs motion detection and motion application from the reduced image data of the frame of interest and that of the next frame to generate reduced image data located at the intermediate position between them. A SizeUp unit enlarges the generated reduced image data. Another LPF filters the enlarged image data and outputs the result as low-frequency image data. A switch alternately outputs the high-frequency emphasized and the low-frequency images at a speed twice the input frame rate.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining the range, radial velocity, and bearing angles of scattering objects reflecting RF signals or for determining the range, radial velocity, and bearing angles of sources RF signals. An array of antenna elements is utilized, the array of antenna elements each having an associated two state modulator wherein transmitted and/or received energy is phase encoded according to a sequence of multibit codes, the multibit codes each having two states with approximately a 50% probability for each of the two states occurring in each given multibit code in said sequence of multibit codes, thereby allowing the determination of range, radial velocity, and bearing angles through digital computation after the scattered signals have been received.

Abstract: A reception system including a receiver coupled to a processing means, the receiver comprising a number N of antennas, each being able to pick up signals representative of incident waves and to deliver a pulse dependent on said signal, N being an integer. Said receiver includes: N delay lines respectively coupled to each of said N antennas, each delay line being able to delay the signal delivered by the antenna with which it is associated by its own time delay, a coupling means able to sum the N signals delivered by the N delay lines, so as to deliver an output signal comprising a series of N time-shifted pulses. The processing means includes a measurement means able to measure the signal delivered by the coupling means and to deliver as output a signal formed by measurement samples, representative of the N pulses delivered by the N antennas.

Abstract: A method of measuring the direction of arrival ? of radio signals in the HF band received by a crossed loop antenna includes, in a preparatory calibration phase, acquiring and recording the measurements made by the antenna of a calibration signal which varies in its frequency and bearing angle; and in a measurement phase in which the bearing angle or angles of arrival of signals detected by the antenna is or are determined, acquiring the signals detected in at least one frequency channel, and then, for each frequency channel fi, correlating the acquired signals with the recordings having frequencies close to fi resulting from the calibration, and determining the direction of arrival of the signals by finding the bearing angle ? for which the maximum correlation is reached.

Abstract: A goniometry method for one or several diffuse (or distributed) sources is disclosed. The sources or sources having one or more give directions and a diffusion cone. The sources are received by an array of several sensors. The method breaks down the diffusion cone into a finite number L of diffusers. A diffuser has the parameters (?mp, ??mpi, ?mp, ??mpi), associated with it. Directing vectors a(?mp+??mpi, ?mp+??mpi) associated with the L diffusers are combined to obtain a vector (D(?, ?, ??, ??) ? or U(?, ?) ?(??, ??, ?)) dependent on at least one of the incidence and deflection parameters (?, ?, ??, ??) and on the combination vector ?. A MUSIC-type criterion or other goniometry algorithm is applied to the vectors D(?, ?, ??, ??) ? or U(?, ?) ?(??, ??, ?) obtained in order to determine at least one of the incidence parameters ?mp, ?mp, ??mp, ??mp of the associated diffusion cone.

Abstract: Method of multi-parameter direction finding of several sources in an array of N sensors, comprising at least the following steps: a) choosing a parameter to be determined, or parameter of interest, b) expressing the direction vector in the form of a linear relation between the parameter of interest chosen and the secondary parameters b0(?, ?0)=U0(?) ?0(?0), c) applying a MUSIC-type direction finding step by factorizing the criterion serving for the determination of the angles of incidence so as to determine at least the incidence parameter, d) on the basis of the incidence value, determining the vector representative of the secondary parameters and expressing this vector in the form of a linear relation between a chosen parameter to be determined and the other secondary parameters, e) applying a MUSIC-type direction finding step by factorizing the criterion serving in the determination of the chosen parameter, f) repeating steps d) to e) so as to determine the majority or the whole set of secondary parameters

Abstract: A goniometry method for one or several diffuse (or distributed) sources is disclosed. The sources or sources having one or more give directions and a diffusion cone. The sources are received by an array of several sensors. The method breaks down the diffusion cone into a finite number L of diffusers. A diffuser has the parameters (?mp, ??mpi, ?mp, ??mpi), associated with it. Directing vectors a(?mp+??mpi, ?mp+??mpi) associated with the L diffusers are combined to obtain a vector (D(?, ?, ??, ??) ? or U(?, ?) ?(??, ??, ?)) dependent on at least one of the incidence and deflection parameters (?, ?, ??, ??) and on the combination vector ?. A MUSIC-type criterion or other goniometry algorithm is applied to the vectors D(?, ?, ??, ??) ? or U(?, ?) ?(??, ??, ?) obtained in order to determine at least one of the incidence parameters ?mp, ?mp, ??mp, ??mp of the associated diffusion cone.

Abstract: Method of multi-parameter direction finding of several sources in an array of N sensors, comprising at least the following steps: a) choosing a parameter to be determined, or parameter of interest, b) expressing the direction vector in the form of a linear relation between the parameter of interest chosen and the secondary parameters b0(?, ?0)=U0(?) ?0(?0), c) applying a MUSIC-type direction finding step by factorizing the criterion serving for the determination of the angles of incidence so as to determine at least the incidence parameter, d) on the basis of the incidence value, determining the vector representative of the secondary parameters and expressing this vector in the form of a linear relation between a chosen parameter to be determined and the other secondary parameters, e) applying a MUSIC-type direction finding step by factorizing the criterion serving in the determination of the chosen parameter, f) repeating steps d) to e) so as to determine the majority or the whole set of secondary parameters

Abstract: A novel and improved method and apparatus, in a WCDMA communication system (100), for informing a mobile station (101) of a downlink data frame time offset by determining the downlink data frame time offset, and transmitting the downlink data frame time offset via an Active Set Update message transmitted from a cell (102 or 103) to mobile station (101). Once an Active Set Update message is received, the data frame time offset information is provided to a timing block (201) which may determine data frame boundary of each downlink signal. Timing block (201) may then adjust the PN sequence timing corresponding to the downlink signal associated with the data frame time offset such that corresponding data symbols in each data frame are correctly soft combined in a combiner (210).

Abstract: According to the present invention a received Direct Sequence Code Division Multi-Access (DS-CDMA) signal is differentially decoded at the chip level. A number of signaling schemes can be used in the invention including (1) an ON/OFF signaling scheme in which a pseudo noise number (PN) code is sent only in response to one data bit value, and no signal is sent in response to the other bit value; (2) a Two Code signaling scheme in which bit values of 1 triggers a first PN code to transmitted, and a bit value of 0 triggers a second PN code to be transmitted; and (3) an M-ary signaling method in which a plurality of data bit patterns respectively, trigger a plurality of PN codes to be transmitted. After differential decoding the received signal is despread using one or more PN codes, that can be vector sums of two or more PN codes.

Abstract: Method and device for space-time estimation of one or more transmitters based on signals received using an antenna network. Signals received using the antenna network are separated in order to obtain signals s(t). Signals s(t) are grouped by transmitter, where the signals s(t) are from more than one transmitter, and arrival angles &thgr;mi of the multipaths pm transmitted by each transmitter are determined.

Abstract: Method and device to carry out space-time estimation of several transmitters in an antenna network, consisting of determining the various arrival angles &thgr;mi of the multipaths pm transmitted by each transmitter.

Abstract: A digital goniometer and steering method are provided which may be used, in a preferred embodiment, for producing a figure-eight antenna reception pattern oriented at any selectable angle. The digital goniometer works with the signals from a pair of orthogonal antenna loops. In a presently preferred embodiment a first register and a second register are provided for a respective first variable gain amplifier and a second variable gain amplifier. The first and second registers receive from software a digital value related to a sine function and cosine function of the selectable angle. The first and second registers are utilized to set the gain of the first and second variable gain amplifiers. The outputs of the first and second variable gain amplifiers are added to produce the reception signal.

Abstract: A process and device related to multisensor radio direction finding receivers usable in radio communication systems including several emission sources. The process and device isolate the contribution of each emission source in sensor signals so as to perform direction finding on a single emission source only, based on learning sequences inserted into waveforms emitted by each of the emission sources. Such a process and device may find particular application to cellular communication networks.

Abstract: A radiocommunications and localization device of the type comprising an array of antennas coupled respectively to a goniometer device and a radio receiver delivering phonic signals to an operator respectively on two headphones. This device includes a device to identify the position of the operator's head and a device for the generation of phonic signals that is coupled to the goniometer device, the radio receiver and the identifying device for the application, respectively to the headphones, of the mutually phase-shifted phonic signals so as to give the operator the impression that the phonic signal that he hears is coming from the direction of arrival of the radiowaves determined by the goniometer device. The applications of this device relate to the radio-localization of persons moving in groups.

Abstract: In order to determine the direction of a beam antenna, at least one magnetic detection device is attached to the beam antenna for measuring at least one of the horizontal and vertical components of the geomagnetic field. Maximum and minimum geomagnetic field data values are obtained from the magnetic detection devices while rotating the beam antenna. Based on output data from the at least one magnetic detection means, one or two possible direction candidates are determined. When the output data has only one possible direction candidate it is either a maximum or minimum value. The direction of the beam antenna is determined from the two direction candidates by specifying one of the candidates depending upon whether a direction of the beam antenna is to the right or left, and determining the direction of the beam antenna from one direction candidate when the output data from the at least one magnetic detection devices corresponds to the minimum or maximum geomagnetic field data.

Abstract: An improved apparatus and method for radio direction finding is set forth, the generic function of which is that of an "automatic bearing indicator" (ABI). The technique and apparatus are intended for use in association with an antenna system which provides two directional beams which are scanned azimuthally in synchronism and are accessible simultaneously at two separate ports. The first beam is characterized by a response pattern having two adjacent, equal, lobes separated by a single, simple, null. The second beam is characterized by a response pattern having a single lobe, aligned in angle with the null of the first beam. The two signals from the two ports of the antenna system are directed via a twin channel receiving means, phase difference and amplitude detection means, and analog to digital conversion means, to data processing means under control of an algorithm which exploits the properties of the phasor (complex number) ratio of the first signal to the second signal.

Abstract: The method consists in the step of masking the energy influence of the aliased spectrum of a jammer received in the useful band of each of the reception channels of a radio station during a determined time interval surrounding the change-over instant of each antenna. The masking is done either by means of attenuators with diodes placed at the input of each of the reception channels and controlled during the determined time interval or by memorizing, at least during the time interval, the gain of the intermediate frequency amplifiers before the change over takes place, by opening the automatic gain control loop of the intermediate frequency amplifiers to stabilize the gain of each amplifier, during the change over, at its memorized gain value.

Abstract: Described herein is a system providing an electronic null-seeking goniometer for use in automatic direction finding equipment. A microprocessor is used to generate sine and cosine information in response to the detected phase of the bearing signal. The microprocessor iteratively locates the transmitter in the null of the cardioid response pattern of the loop and sense antennas, without rotating either the loop and sense antenna set or the goniometer. This eliminates the requirement for moving antenna and goniometer components and is constructed entirely devoid of any rotating machinery. A loop feedback signal functionally related to the detected null angle provides a stable null location method, without audio distortion, at relatively high feedback/signal ratios.