Abstract: The invention relates to an RFID tag (2, 3) for being fastened to a textile (30), the RFID tag (2, 3) having a transponder unit (5), which is attached to a bendable carrier material (4) and has an integrated circuit (6) having a conductor structure (8, 9) electrically connected via contact surfaces (7). The carrier material (4) is designed as a conductor structure (8) having a longitudinal slot (10, 11), which separates the contact surfaces (7) of opposite polarity from each other, the carrier material (4) being strip-shaped and having a length (L)-to-width (W) ratio which is a multiple of ten of the width. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for fastening the RFID tag (2, 3) to a textile (30).

Abstract: The disclosure relates to an antenna system [1] comprising a mast [7], in turn comprising a base section [2b] and an extendable section [a], and an antenna [6]. The antenna [6] is arranged to be rotatable and the extendable section [2a] comprises a plurality of telescopic sections [8] whereby the extendable section [2a] may adopt a retracted configuration and a deployed configuration. The mast [7] is foldable in relation to a platform [5] in a vertical plane [PLxy] essentially parallel to the longitudinal direction of the extendable section [LD-es] and to the longitudinal direction of the base section [LD-bs] by means of a first pivot joint [9]. According to the disclosure the antenna system [1] may be arranged to the platform [5], wherein the platform [5] may be in form of a vehicle [5-v], whereby an antenna arrangement [101] is formed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an antenna apparatus and an electronic device comprising the same. The antenna apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises an array antenna formed on a metal case of an electronic device, wherein the array antenna comprises at least two antenna elements, the at least two antenna elements may operate in the same frequency band. According to one embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to provide an antenna apparatus capable of reducing heat generation and increasing the radiation efficiency of an antenna.

Abstract: An electronic apparatus includes: a chassis composed at least of an upper plate, a lower plate, and a side face; at least one plate-like antenna having a radio wave transmission/reception part which deals with radio waves in a millimeter wave band and forms one surface of the antenna; and a conductive reflection member having a main part with a reflection surface reflecting the radio waves in the millimeter wave band. The antenna is placed in an outer peripheral edge area including an outer peripheral edge of the upper plate in plan view in such a manner that the radio wave transmission/reception part faces the upper plate. The reflection member is so placed that the antenna is sandwiched between the reflection member and the side face in plan view. At least the side face transmits the radio waves. The reflection surface is directed toward the antenna.

Abstract: A shielded antenna (100) includes a spiral antenna (110) and a shield (120) disposed on the spiral antenna. The spiral antenna comprises a plurality of substantially concentric loops. The shield comprises a plurality of electrically isolated electrically conductive segments forming a regular pattern, such that in a top plan view, at least one segment overlaps a portion of at least two loops, and at least one pair of adjacent conductive segments defines an electrically insulative gap therebetween.

Abstract: The present application describes a method of forming a flexible dipole antenna. The method includes a step of surrounding an outer jacket of a cable with a lower limit radiating element. The lower limit radiating element includes a first annular surface opposite a second annular surface with a hollow body disposed therebetween joining the first and second annular surfaces together. Each of the first and second annular surfaces has a diameter greater than a diameter of the outer jacket of the cable. The method also includes a step of extending a bandwidth of the flexible dipole antenna by indirectly surrounding the lower limit radiating element with a higher limit radiating element. The higher limit radiating element has a length approximately 30% less than a length of the lower limit radiating element, allowing the higher limit radiating element to capture frequencies greater than those captured by the lower limit radiating element.

Abstract: The present application describes a method of forming a flexible dipole antenna. The method includes a step of surrounding an outer jacket of a cable with a lower limit radiating element. The lower limit radiating element includes a first annular surface opposite a second annular surface with a hollow body disposed therebetween joining the first and second annular surfaces together. Each of the first and second annular surfaces has a diameter greater than a diameter of the outer jacket of the cable. The method also includes a step of coupling the first annular surface of the lower limit radiating element with a metallic shield disposed within the outer jacket of the cable. The metallic shield encases an internal conductor of the cable. The method further includes a step of encasing the cable and the lower limit radiating element in a flexible outer sheath having a first end opposite a second end with a hollow body disposed therebetween joining the first and second ends together.

Abstract: A wireless transmission system includes: a communication unit for transmission; and a communication unit for reception. The communication units for transmission and reception are housed in a housing of the same electronic apparatus, or the communication unit for transmission is housed in a housing of first electronic apparatus and the communication unit for reception is housed in a housing of second electronic apparatus and a wireless signal transmission path enabling wireless information transmission between the communication units is formed between the communication units when the first and the second electronic apparatus are disposed at given positions to be integrated with each other. The communication unit for transmission includes a first carrier signal generating unit and a first frequency converter, and the communication unit for reception includes a second carrier signal generating unit, and a second frequency converter.

Abstract: Provided are a scanner, a scanning apparatus, and a scanning method for a shelf, capable of scanning articles stored in accommodation spaces of a plurality of layers in the shelf. The scanning apparatus for a shelf is configured in that a scanner having an antenna scans the accommodation spaces in the shelf without a shadow zone while moving along the shelf, thus accurately acquiring location information on the articles in the accommodation spaces.

Abstract: An antenna module includes a holder, a first feed portion, a second feed portion, a first antenna unit, and a second antenna unit. The holder includes a top surface, an end surface, and a side surface. The first feed portion is positioned on the top surface. The second feed portion is positioned on the top surface and is spaced from the first feed portion. The first antenna unit is positioned on the top surface and the end surface, and is electrically connected to the first feed portion. The second antenna unit is spaced from the second antenna unit and is positioned on the top surface and the side surface. The second antenna unit is electrically connected to the second feed portion. The first feed portion and the second feed portion respectively feed current to the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit.

Abstract: An RFID tag includes an antenna element and a feed device. The antenna element includes a base sheet and a coil conductor on the upper surface thereof. The feed device includes a feed element and an RFIC. The feed element includes a base sheet and a first coil conductor and a second coil conductor on the upper surface of the base sheet. The first coil conductor and the second coil conductor are arranged on the base sheet such that magnetic flux generated in the first coil conductor and the second coil conductor constitutes a closed magnetic circuit. The feed device is adhered to a coupling portion of the antenna element. As a result, the RFIC is strongly coupled to the antenna element.

Abstract: The present application discloses antenna device including first and second antenna elements which communicate radio waves; housing which stores processor for processing signals in response to the radio waves; first and second element covers for storing first and second antenna elements, respectively. First element cover includes first rotary cylinder, which is held by housing and rotatable around first rotational axis, and first protruding cylinder, which protrudes from first rotary cylinder, first rotary cylinder protruding from housing along first rotational axis. Second element cover includes second rotary cylinder, which is held by housing and rotatable around second rotational axis, and second protruding cylinder, which protrudes from second rotary cylinder, second rotary cylinder protruding from housing along second rotational axis.

Abstract: A telecommunications system (10/100) is disclosed herein. The telecommunications system (10/100) includes a chassis (12/112) defining a top end (14/114), a bottom end (16/116), and a generally pyramidal shape, wherein a transverse cross-sectional footprint (28) of the chassis (12/112) changes in outer dimension as the transverse cross-sectional footprint (28) extends from the top end (14/114) to the bottom end (16/116), the telecommunications chassis (12/112) further defining at least one sidewall (30/130, 32/132, 34/134, 36/136), the at least one sidewall (30/130, 32/132, 34/134, 36/136) extending at an angle to both the top end (14/114) and the bottom end (16/116), the at least one sidewall (30/130, 32/132, 34/134, 36/136) defining ports (38) defining connection locations for receiving telecommunications equipment.

Abstract: An antenna with a curved shape may be mounted behind a curved antenna window. The antenna may have an antenna resonating element such as an inverted-F antenna resonating element and may have an antenna ground. The antenna resonating element may be formed from patterned metal traces on a flexible printed circuit. The flexible printed circuit may have ground traces that run along a peripheral edge of the flexible printed circuit. The antenna ground may be formed from a metal can with walls surrounding a cavity having an opening. The metal can may have a lip formed from bent portions of the walls. The flexible printed circuit may be soldered to the lip so that the ground traces are shorted to the can. A cable connector may be mounted on a bent tab in the flexible printed circuit that extends through a notch in the lip.

Abstract: An active antenna system for receiving electromagnetic radiation at frequencies below 100 MHz. The system includes a vertical support mast; a front end electronics unit including an active balun, the front end electronics unit affixed to the support mast; two crossed-dipole antennas affixed oriented at about 90 degrees to each other, each crossed-dipole antenna having two arms formed of electrically conductive material, each arm having an isoceles triangular frame with an apex of the frame electrically connected to a feedpoint of the front end electronics unit, each arm also having a longitudinal member extending from the apex to the center of the base of the triangular shape and a cross member extending between sides of the triangular frame. The system can operate independently or as part of a long wavelength array for astronomical radio telescope applications.

Abstract: In an electronic device in which an electronic component (e.g., an encoder) including an operation body is mounted on a circuit board and a process corresponding to an input operation of the operation body is performed by a control section, a wireless communication processing section and a matching circuit which are provided on the circuit board are connected to each other via a transmission line, and in order to cause a mounting member (a mounting plate and an outer casing) of the electronic component, which is made of metal and is ungrounded, to operate as an antenna, a predetermined position (a leg piece) in the mounting plate and the matching circuit are connected to each other via a transmission line to cause the predetermined position to serve as a power supply section. Thus, a wireless communication function-equipped electronic device for which a dedicated antenna is unnecessary is obtained.

Abstract: A radiating element includes a supporting element and a plurality of radiating units formed at one end of the supporting element. Each of the radiating units has a lower surface facing towards the supporting element and an upper surface facing away from the supporting element. The radiating element further includes a first and second dividing pieces symmetrically disposed on each of the radiating units. The radiating element also includes a loading element formed on the lower surface of each of the plurality of radiating units, wherein the loading element extends outward from the supporting element and along an edge of the radiating unit. Moreover, the radiating element includes an electrical connecting element for connecting the radiating units to a feeding cable, the electrical connecting element being lower than the upper surfaces of the radiating units.

Abstract: A communication device including a ground element and an antenna system is provided. The antenna system is adjacent to the ground element. The antenna system includes at least a first antenna, a second antenna, a connection element, and a resistive element. The second antenna is adjacent to the first antenna. The connection element includes a first portion and a second portion, wherein the first portion is coupled to the first antenna, and the second portion is coupled to the second antenna. The resistive element is coupled between the first portion and the second portion of the connection element. The connection element and the resistive element increase the isolation between the first antenna and the second antenna.

Abstract: A compact multi-antenna, multi-antenna system, and wireless device comprising same are provided. The multi-antenna comprises first, second and third antennas. The second antenna contains the first antenna, and the third antenna contains at least part of the second antenna. The first antenna may be a slot-in-slot or other antenna, the second antenna may be a dipole, and the third antenna may be a dipole or monopole. The multi-antenna system comprises the multi-antenna plus first, second and third transmission systems operatively coupled thereto. The antennas of the multi-antenna and system may be concurrently operated, substantially independently, and may have mutually orthogonal polarizations. Particular antenna and system configurations are also disclosed.

Abstract: A hybrid circuit with an integral antenna module, including an electronic circuit that includes circuit elements; and an antenna module including a dielectric material shaped to form a void enclosed by the dielectric material, a conducting patch on one side of the dielectric material. Wherein the circuit elements are enclosed by the dielectric material, so that the elements of the circuit are positioned inside the void formed by the dielectric material.

Abstract: A multiband antenna includes one or more first antennas embedded within a second antenna. The one or more first antennas can include a folded dipole, and the second antenna can include a monopole. The folded dipole and the monopole may operate at different resonant frequencies. Because the folded dipole is embedded in the monopole, rather than being a separate antenna, near-field coupling between the antennas may be reduced, resulting in enhanced radiation patterns by one or both antennas. More complex antenna structures can also be constructed having multiple antennas embedded within one or more antennas.

Abstract: An antenna arrangement 10 comprises a first elongate limb 12 and a second elongate limb 14. The first and second elongate limbs converge towards one another at a first electrical connection point 16 and a spaced second anti-phase electrical convection point 18. The first and second limbs collectively forming a closed FIG. 20 with a first appendage 22, a second appendage 24, a third appendage 26 and a fourth appendage 28 to the closed figure.

Abstract: A compact antenna includes a main antenna patch. A first feed point and a second feed point connect with the main antenna patch to provide current in the main antenna. Excitation of the first feed point produces polarization in a first direction along the main antenna patch and excitation of the second feed point produces polarization in a second direction different from the first direction.

Abstract: A dual purpose antenna is provided with the UHF antenna in the form of a pair of copper tubes to provide an off center fed dipole, with a pair of quadrafiler helix L1 and L2 GPS antennas stacked on top of the UHF antenna, and with the top section of the UHF dipole providing a ground plain for the GPS antenna. The antennas are fed internally by two coaxial feeds, one feeding the UHF antenna, the other passing through the UHF antenna to feed the GPS antennas. In one embodiment, a tuning coil is provided at the base of the UHF antenna by the coiling of the two coaxial feeds around a non-conductive mandrel, with copper taping placed on top of the coiled coaxial sections to provide an LC circuit to lower the resonant frequency of the UHF antenna to 225 MHz.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, an antenna apparatus include a ground plate; a first element disposed along the ground plate; a second element disposed along the first element at an opposing side of the ground plate; a connecting part to connect first and second terminal parts of the first element with first and second terminal parts of the second element, respectively, or to connect the first and second terminal parts of the first element with the ground plate; a first power feeding portion to feed power at a midpoint of the first or second element in a longitudinal direction when the first and second elements are connected together by the connecting part; and a second power feeding portion to feed power to the first element or the ground plate when the first element and the ground plate are connected together by the connecting part.

Abstract: An antenna is disclosed as including at least one dipole connected with at least one shorted patch antenna, and at least two feeding sources.

Abstract: An interconnection medium for connecting circuitry, including a ground plane; a first balanced antenna located in a first plane, the first plane being parallel to the ground plane; a second balanced antenna located in a second plane, the second plane being parallel to the first plane; wherein the first balanced antenna and the second balanced antenna are configured such that the magnetic field radiated by the first balanced antenna is orthogonal to the magnetic field radiated by the second balanced antenna, and the electrical field radiated by the first balanced antenna is orthogonal to the electric field radiated by the second balanced antenna.

Abstract: A multi-antenna for a multi-input multi-output wireless communication system includes a substrate, a first planar antenna formed on the substrate along a first direction, a second planar antenna formed on the substrate along a second direction, and a vertical antenna including a conductor formed on the substrate and between the first planar antenna and the second planar antenna, and a radiator perpendicular to the substrate and coupled to the conductor.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an antenna system which may serve as a common antenna for multiple avionics systems implemented on-board an aircraft. The antenna system provides horizontal and vertical polarization functionality, while providing high isolation between a first input port of a coupler of the antenna system (the first input port being connected to a first avionics system) and a second input port of the coupler (the second input port being connected to a second avionics system).

Abstract: A broadband dual-polarized omni-directional antenna and a feeding method using the same are provided. By setting a vertically polarized antenna and a horizontally polarized antenna each in co-axial, the horizontally polarized antenna is attached to an upper surface and a lower surface of the attaching plate respectively by two arms of a folded dipole and the two arms connect to an inner conductor and an outer conductor of a feed line so that the dual-polarized antenna may have a comparatively broad bandwidth. At the same time, since the dual-polarized ceiling antenna has a good isolation effect and coverage balance, it may work as the MIMO antenna in the LTE and WLAN systems effectively and may be used in the 2G and 3G networks to improve the data transmission rate.

Abstract: The wireless tag includes an antenna conductor; a first power-supply conductor which is electromagnetic-inductively coupled with the antenna conductor; and a second power-supply conductor which is loop-shaped and which is electrically coupled with the first power-supply conductor.

Abstract: An antenna includes a dipole radiator region forming a series resonant tank having a first quality factor value Q1, and a loop compensator/radiator region integral with the dipole region and forming a parallel resonant tank having a second quality factor value Q2 that is substantially equal to Q2. The antenna may be a conductive sheet antenna (e.g., comprising copper tape) having a generally “A” shaped structure with a discontinuity in a middle segment.

Abstract: A unidirectional wireless antenna with a front-to-back ratio of 20 dB comprises a loop antenna and a dipole antenna interconnected by a metallic element and printed on a printed circuit board. The antenna is small in size but provides good unidirectional transmission.

Abstract: A compact multi-antenna, multi-antenna system, and wireless device comprising same are provided. The multi-antenna comprises first, second and third antennas. The second antenna contains the first antenna, and the third antenna contains at least part of the second antenna. The first antenna may be a slot-in-slot or other antenna, the second antenna may be a dipole, and the third antenna may be a dipole or monopole. The multi-antenna system comprises the multi-antenna plus first, second and third transmission systems operatively coupled thereto. The antennas of the multi-antenna and system may be concurrently operated, substantially independently, and may have mutually orthogonal polarizations. Particular antenna and system configurations are also disclosed.

Abstract: A dual purpose antenna is provided with the UHF antenna in the form of a pair of copper tubes to provide an off center fed dipole, with a pair of quadrafiler helix L1 and L2 GPS antennas stacked on top of the UHF antenna, and with the top section of the UHF dipole providing a ground plain for the GPS antenna. The antennas are fed internally by two coaxial feeds, one feeding the UHF antenna, the other passing through the UHF antenna to feed the GPS antennas. In one embodiment, a tuning coil is provided at the base of the UHF antenna by the coiling of the two coaxial feeds around a non-conductive mandrel, with copper taping placed on top of the coiled coaxial sections to provide an LC circuit to lower the resonant frequency of the UHF antenna to 225 MHz.

Abstract: The invention concerns a multi-layer film element (1) and a process for the production of such a film element. The multi-layer film element (1) has at least one flexible dielectric layer (16) and one or more electrically conductive layers (15, 17) each comprising an electrically conductive material. The layer thickness of the electrically conductive layer or layers is in each case less than 20 ?m. The electrically conductive layer or layers are shaped in pattern form for forming two or more conductor structures which are coupled together to afford an antenna structure galvanically connected to an electric circuit (19).

Abstract: An antenna apparatus includes a dipole antenna, a first monopole antenna and a second monopole antenna, each formed in a form of a conductor pattern on an insulating substrate. A fifth portion of the first monopole antenna and a seventh portion of the second monopole antenna are formed to be adjacent to and to be substantially parallel to a grounding conductor provided outside the antenna apparatus. The fifth portion includes a loop portion, and the seventh portion includes a loop portion.

Abstract: A multiband antenna includes a first radio unit closed loop and a second radio unit connected to the first radio unit and symmetrical structure. When the multiband antenna functions, the first radio unit functions as a balanced loop antenna, and the second radio unit functions as a dipole antenna.

Abstract: An on-frequency repeater includes: an electrical conductor groundplane having first and second opposing surfaces on first and second sides of the groundplane, respectively; and an antenna system including directional antennas of different types, the antenna system including: a donor antenna array including donor dipoles disposed on the first side of the groundplane and displaced a first distance from the first surface, the donor dipoles being disposed parallel to each other; a coverage antenna array including a plurality of coverage dipoles disposed on the second side of the groundplane and displaced a second distance from the second surface, the coverage dipoles being disposed parallel to each other and transverse to the donor dipoles; a quantity of baluns and a corresponding quantity of feed conductors extending away from the groundplane and configured to electromagnetically feed respective ones of the donor dipoles and coverage dipoles.

Abstract: An easily transportable multiband antenna array. The antenna array is fabricated on a multi-sided structure, such as a four-sided cube, made from a wire frame and fabric. The multi-sided structure is constructed so that it may be folded by first folding the faces against each other, and then twisting them to form a stack of loops. The antenna elements are fabricated on the faces, and comprise at least a loop antenna around the perimeter of each face, and a bow-tie antenna attached to each face. The antenna elements are fabricated and attached so that they do not inhibit the folding of the structure.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a dielectric radiating element. The dielectric element may include a ground plane connected to a dielectric superstrate. The dielectric superstrate includes multiple dipole layers which include metamaterials and dipoles. The ground plane is configured with a horizontal polarization slot and a plurality of vertical polarization slots. The ground plane is further configured for receiving electrical signals from a power transmission assembly and radiating electromagnetic waves via the polarization slots based upon the received electrical signals. The electromagnetic waves may be transmitted or radiated from the ground plane, may pass through the dielectric superstrate and may then be radiated from the dielectric radiating element. The dielectric radiating element is a dual-polarized radiating element configured with coincident phase centers.

Abstract: A composite antenna achieves favorable radiation characteristics and favorable communication performance, and can be used in short distance communication as well as long distance communication. The composite antenna includes a dipole antenna having an elongated shape, a loop antenna including at least one pair of opposing end portions, and a connection portion arranged to connect the dipole antenna and a point of the loop antenna at which the amplitude of a current flowing in the loop antenna has a maximum value. The dipole antenna performs long distance communication utilizing an electric field, and the loop antenna performs short distance communication utilizing a magnetic field. This composite antenna may be used as a wireless IC device in RFID systems.

Abstract: An easily transportable multiband antenna array. The antenna array is fabricated on a multi-sided structure, such as a four-sided cube, made from a wire frame and fabric. The multi-sided structure is constructed so that it may be folded by first folding the faces against each other, and then twisting them to form a stack of loops. The antenna elements are fabricated on the faces, and comprise at least a loop antenna around the perimeter of each face, and a bow-tie antenna attached to each face. The antenna elements are fabricated and attached so that they do not inhibit the folding of the structure.

Abstract: A diversity antenna for use with a portable host device such as a laptop computer, for example as part of a PCMCIA card pluggable into the laptop computer to enable wireless computer by the laptop computer, includes a main antenna and a diversity antenna. Various configurations for these antennas are possible, including the use of a balanced dipole as the main antenna element and a split diversity antenna for the diversity antenna element. The diversity antenna provides high isolation between the antenna elements and isolation from interfering self-noise generated by the host device.

Abstract: A diversity antenna for use with a portable host device such as a laptop computer, for example as part of a PCMCIA card pluggable into the laptop computer to enable wireless computer by the laptop computer, includes a main antenna and a diversity antenna. Various configurations for these antennas are possible, including the use of a balanced dipole as the main antenna element and a split diversity antenna for the diversity antenna element. The diversity antenna provides high isolation between the antenna elements and isolation from interfering self-noise generated by the host device.

Abstract: A security tag incorporating a hybrid clamp that combines an attachment clamp with an RFID component. The attachment clamp is used to secure an item, such as an article of clothing, to the tag. The RFID component, e.g., an RFID antenna, transmits data signals to an RFID reader where the data signals are encoded with information stored about the security tag. By combining the attachment features and RFID features of the security tag in one hybrid clamp, more tag space can be freed up for other components and manufacturing cost savings can be realized.

Abstract: A circuit with an integral antenna, including a hybrid circuit on a substrate, a patch antenna that is adapted to be positioned at a pre-selected distance above the hybrid circuit and coupled to the hybrid circuit to form a single physical unit, a feeder that electronically connects between the hybrid circuit and the patch antenna.

Abstract: A low-profile antenna structure can control its directivity with great flexibility. Excited elements 11 and 12 are symmetrically arranged on a y-axis, whereas parasitic elements 13 and 14 are symmetrically arranged on an x-axis, with respect to an origin. The excited elements, as well as the parasitic elements, each have an inverted-F antenna structure and are a distance of ?/4 apart from each other. Feed circuits 21 and 22 are respectively connected to and feed signals to the excited elements 11 and 12, such that phases of the signals to be fed are different from each other by a desired degree. Variable reactors 23 and 24 (i) are respectively connected to the parasitic elements 13 and 14, and (ii) in accordance with reactance values thereof, can each change an electrical length of the corresponding one of the parasitic elements.

Abstract: The invention relates to a portable compact antenna formed from a first dipole type radiating element operating in a first frequency band and comprising a first and at least one second conductive arm, differentially supplied, the first arm, referred to as cold arm, forming at least one cover for an electronic card and the second arm, referred to as hot arm, being linked to the cold arm at the level of the supply. According to the invention, the hot arm comprises at least one slot resonating in a second frequency band such as the GSM band.

Abstract: A tripolar antenna is described having at least two electromagnetic signal transmitting/receiving elements arranged such that their axes of signal transmission/reception sensitivity are not parallel, wherein said elements are provided on or at least partially in a substrate of dielectric material so portions of said at least two elements are coplanar and dielectrically isolated from one another. In a preferred arrangement, two dipoles are provided on the substrate in perpendicular orientation and in the plane containing of the surface of said dielectric material. Most preferably a further third element is provided so as to render the antenna tripolar, said third element comprising a first circular disk element secured to an upper surface of the dielectric material, and a second slightly larger circular disk element, concentrically positioned on the corresponding opposite and lower surface of the dielectric.