Abstract: A microwave phase shifter comprise a dielectric waveguide having a flat side and a moving conductor plane member substantially parallel to the waveguide side. Piezoelectric means are provided to move the plane member with respect to the waveguide side between a portion relatively remote from the waveguide side and an other position substantially in contact with the waveguide side. The piezoelectric means consists preferably of a stack of piezoelectric members supplied by a variable d.c. power source. Owing to the piezoelectric means for moving the conductor plane member, a variable phase shift is continuously adjusted. Such a phase shifter can be as an antenna network when the dielectric waveguide contains groups of radiator perturbations, such as conductor strips, respectively controlled by one or several piezoelectric means carrying conductor plates facing waveguide portions including the perturbations groups.

Abstract: A planar antenna includes a first slotted waveguide serving as a power-feed unit, and a second slotted waveguide of planar type coupled with the power-feed waveguide, for radiating circularly polarized microwaves into space. The second waveguide has a metal plate in which a two-dimensional slot array consisting of a plurality of rows of slots is formed. An insulative layer is provided on the second waveguide to cover the slot array. A plurality of rows of metal patch radiators are provided on the insulative layer. These patch radiators are electromagnetically coupled with the slots, respectively, in such a manner that each radiator is directly excited by the corresponding slot through the insulative layer, thereby radiating circularly polarized microwaves.

Abstract: In order to achieve an improved monopulse difference pattern, a transition zone is created between the antiphase-excited halves of a phase-controlled antenna composed of a plurality of individual radiators, being created therein along a line of symmetry which separates the halves of the antenna and which comprises individual radiator strips, for example vertical columns or horizontal rows, extending next to one another and parallel to the line of symmetry, in which transition zone, extending from each edge up to the line of symmetry and the center of the transition zone, the number of individual radiators respectively excited antiphase increases in the same manner in comparison to the number of all individual radiators lying in a strip from 0% at each edge up to 50% at the line of symmetry.

Abstract: A planar slotted waveguide antenna array having a front, radiating surface and a back-plane, a length dimension L and a width dimension W, comprising a plurality of radiating waveguides parallel to the width dimension; a plurality of co-planar radiating apertures in each of said plurality of radiating waveguides constituting said radiating surface; a feeder waveguide along at least part of the length dimension contiguous a predetermined edge of the array; and a plurality of coupling apertures for coupling microwave energy between said feeder waveguide and each of said plurality of radiating waveguides.

Abstract: A phase scan antenna suitable for millimeter wave radar applications is pided comprising a four-sided ferrite rod having a series of electromagnetic energy emitting slots along one side of the rod. The remaining three rod sides are enclosed by a metal, channel-shaped member which is spaced from the rod by a plastic, channel-shaped substrate member, so that energy emitted from the rod side which is opposite from the slotted rod side will be reflected to pass out the slotted rod side, to thereby enhance the antenna beam produced by the slotted rod side. A magnetic biasing coil having serially-interconnected coil portions is helically wound about the metal channel-shaped member with the coil portions disposed between the slots in the first rod side to cause scanning of the antenna beam. The ferrite rod may be end fed by either dielectric waveguide sections or hollow, metallic waveguide sections.

Abstract: An improved serpentine feed and method of making same. The invention includes a block of conductive material having a primary microwave waveguide channel and at least one secondary channel. Each secondary channel has at least one broadwall common to the primary channel. A high performance coupler is provided in the common broadwall by which microwave energy communicates from the primary channel to the secondary channel.

Abstract: A flat plate array is provided which permits generation of two independent beams from a single slotted waveguide antenna. The two beams are coincident in space, but are of two different linear polarizations, those polarizations being orthogonal, i.e., at right angles to each other. In the preferred embodiment, a plurality of slots are provided in a flat top plate of a waveguide cavity. The slots are located in rows and columns with a predetermined spacing between pairs of slots positioned in the respective rows and columns. Each beam is associated with its own input/output port and either the rows or columns of slots of the array.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for achieving simultaneous circular polarization of a four-beam doppler antenna wherein four different grid layers are positioned into a radome. The first grid layer, besides radiating a linear polarized beam, is used to partially reduce contaminants of the linearly polarized beam by means of cross-hatch strips. The second grid layer is used to further purify the linear polarized beam such that an essentially purified linear polarized beam is obtained. The third grid layer, designed according to certain equations, is used to convert the purified linearly polarized beam into a partially circularly polarized beam. And the fourth grid layer is used to make sure that the circularly polarized beam is perfectly matched.

Abstract: A dual band microstrip antenna including a slotted microstrip radiating pllel to and spaced from a ground plane with dielectric material therebetween, the slotted microstrip radiating and having a first resonance corresponding to the dominant radiation mode that would occur in an unslotted microstrip and a second resonance created by the slot. The polarizations of the two resonances are perpendicular to each other with the slot resonance being polarized along the centerline of the slot.

Abstract: A microwave antenna comprising a dielectric substrate, carrying on one side thereof a microstrip antenna suitable for operation within a first frequency band and on the other side thereof a conductive ground plane, a first microwave feed coupled between the microstrip antenna and the ground plane for conducting microwave signals in the first band, at least one radiation aperture formed in the ground plane for operation within a second frequency band and arranged to communicate with a resonant microwave cavity defined between the ground plane and a conductive enclosure arranged to extend therefrom, and a second microwave signal feed coupled between the ground plane and the said enclosure for conducting microwave signals in the second band.

Abstract: A planar array antenna is contructed of two sets of slotted rectangular waveguides positioned to have the slots of adjacent waveguides offset by half the slot spacing. A bidirectional feed is used with phase switching between inputs to produce four distinct output beams from the array.

Abstract: An antenna for providing a broadband omnidirectional circumferential radion pattern is formed by an array of arcuate waveguide radiators arranged to form a cylindrical antenna. Each waveguide radiator has a ridged waveguide cavity and a plurality of longitudinally-oriented slots communicating with the waveguide cavity. The slots are arranged in two parallel rows on either side of the longitudinal centerline in a staggered relationship along the outside surface of the radiator. Each radiator is fed from the interior of the cylindrical array at a feed point located at the center of the radiator.

Abstract: Disclosed is an antenna element that is defined by a substantially Y-shaped slot (22) formed in the broad face (12) of a section of dielectrically-filled waveguide (10). Various design parameters including leg length, leg width and angle formed between the legs permit the antenna element to be configured for circularly polarized radiation of a controlled portion of the electromagnetic energy that propagates along the waveguide.

Abstract: Separate receive and transmit interleaved arrays are distributed throughout a defined area. Each array is interconnected, at opposite ends thereof, to a feed line so that the receive and transmit antennas are each associated with four beams. Feed through connections are employed between receive feed lines and the receive arrays of the antenna thereby permitting the utilization of a microstrip structure.

Abstract: In a slotted array antenna (12), an asymmetric ridge waveguide element (13) defining colliner radiating slots (16), said waveguide elements (13) defining a central hollow region (13') and an axial ridge (13") separating first and second series of side chambers (17' and 17") alternating in height with respect to each other, whereby production of second order beams of radiation from said antenna (12) is eliminated and much lower side lobe levels are produced when the element (13) is used in an array scanned in a plane perpendicular to the element axes.

Abstract: An S-band antenna with a body having an inner circular tube and a coaxial outer circular tube in which the circumference of the outer tube is one wave length of S-band radar. A plurality of pairs of axially elongated slots are provided in the outer tube in which the slots of each pair are diametrically opposed to each other. Adjacent pairs of slots are axially displaced from each other a distance of one-half wave length. The pairs of slots are rotationally offset at an angle equal to 360/N where N is the number of pairs. A dielectric cover is provided around the outer tube.

Abstract: A television broadcasting system uses an antenna diplexer to combine signals generated from visual and aural power amplifiers. The diplexer comprises first and second hybrids coupled together by transmission lines which have aural-frequency cavities for reflecting aural energy from an aural input port to an antenna output port of the second hybrid. In the event that the visual power amplifier fails, it is desirable to revert to multiplexed operation, in which the aural power amplifier amplifies a combined visual and aural signal. This mode of operation is accomplished by combining the low-level aural signal with the low-level visual signal, by putting the combined visual-with-aural multiplexed signal through the aural power amplifier, and by simultaneously shorting the transmission lines between the second hybrid and the aural cavities.

Abstract: An electronically scanned array antenna useful for millimeter wavelength energy is disclosed. The antenna comprises a fully ferrite loaded square or round waveguide having radiating apertures spaced along part of its length. Rf energy is circularly polarized in the waveguide. The phase velocity of the wave is controlled by applying a longitudinal magnetic field to the ferrite to produce a controllable linear progressive phase of the energy radiated from the apertures to form a beam in the desired direction. The phase control is of a latching type using flux drive. The particular structure of the invention enables combining a plurality of branching array elements with a feed element to form an array capable of two dimension beam scanning.

Abstract: A television broadcast antenna includes a high-gain pylon consisting of a vertical array of slots in a conductive cylinder for radiating with high gain towards distant locations. An auxiliary low-gain vertically-polarized portion of the antenna has its phase center coincident with or near the phase center of the pylon for radiating a vertically polarized signal component. This position of the auxiliary portion reduces wind load and feed-line length by comparison with a location above the pylon. In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the horizontally-polarized radiation pattern of the pylon in the region within a few degrees below the main beam, which is the region directed towards local television viewers, has a low but relatively constant amplitude and phase.

Abstract: A high-power broadcast television arrangement includes high-power aural and visual carrier sources with rectangular waveguide outputs. A circular waveguide connects the antenna at the top of a tower with the bottom of the tower. In order to avoid an expensive, lossy and complex diplexer for combining the visual and aural carrier signals into a single waveguide, a waveguide turnstile junction couples the visual and aural signals from their respective rectangular waveguides into right- and left-hand circular polarization propagation modes in the circular waveguide. A hollow cylindrical slotted-waveguide antenna at the top of the tower receives the dual-polarized aural and visual signals received from the circular waveguide and radiates a television signal with the aid of resonant radiating slots and polarization-insensitive couplers.

Abstract: A slotted-cylinder antenna especially adapted for television broadcasting use radiates a circularly-polarized pattern. Each radiating slot is associated with an elongated conductive parasitic radiator in close proximity to the slot for good power coupling therebetween. The parasitic radiator is almost but not quite parallel with the slot (preferably being at a six degree orientation with the slot), so that energy is coupled into the parasite and reradiated almost vertically polarized. The combination of the radiated field of the slot and reradiated field of the parasite is made circularly polarized by selection of that length of the parasite which gives the correct phase-shift.

Abstract: A modular integrated multi-element phased array antenna. The antenna is comprised of a supporting structure having a plurality of slotted, ridged waveguide radiator elements longitudinally extending therein and a single series ridged waveguide feed structure, having a first and second plurality of waveguide channels formed therein. The feed structure is supported by at least a portion of the supporting structure and receives microwave energy from a source and then couples the energy to the first plurality of waveguide channels. The antenna is further comprised of a multi-element phase shifter module positioned in juxtaposition with the feed structure for receiving the microwave energy from each of the first plurality of waveguide channels. The phase shifted energy is coupled from the phase shifter module to each of the second plurality of waveguide channels.

Abstract: A waveguide manifold for monitoring the operation of an array antenna. The waveguide is centerfed and has reflecting terminations at either end. The waveguide output is matched to the waveguide as if non-reflecting terminations were at either end of the waveguide. The waveguide input is a plurality of groups of slots wherein adjacent groups have alternating phase. Adjacent slots in each group have alternating polarity. A standing wave created in the waveguide has a plurality of cells of alternating phase. Each slot is located within one of the resonating standing wave cells. The resulting manifold beam forming characteristic will be temperature and frequency independent over a practical range.

Abstract: A waveguide manifold for monitoring the operation of an array antenna. The waveguide is centerfed and has reflecting termination at either end. The waveguide output is matched to the waveguide as if non-reflecting terminations were at either end of the waveguide. The waveguide input is a plurality of slots wherein adjacent slots have alternating polarity. A standing wave created in the waveguide have a plurality of cells of alternating phase. Each slot is located within one of the resonating standing wave cells. The resulting manifold beam forming characteristics will be temperature and frequency independent over a practical range.

Abstract: A leaky waveguide slotted traveling wave antenna having several elongated nonresonant slots (2) oriented with their long axes substantially orthogonal to the direction of propagation within waveguide (1) filled with a dielectric material having a dielectric constant greater than 1. The length (m) of each slot (2) gradually increases as one traverses the waveguide (1) along the direction of propagation, whereas the width (W) of the wall of the waveguide (1) in which the slots (2) are cut gradually decreases as one traverses the waveguide (1) along the direction of propagation. Any angle of radiation between 0.degree. and 135.degree., including endfire and broadside radiation, can be achieved. The width (w) of each slot (2) and the inter-slot spacing (d) can vary; the increase in slot length (m) can be non-uniform.

Abstract: A lightweight slot array antenna comprises an array of slotted waveguides and a radome. The radome consists of two or more sheets of fiberglass with a honeycombed dielectric disposed between and bonded to each pair of adjacent sheets. The array of slotted waveguides is disposed inside the radome. Honeycombed dielectric material may be disposed between and bonded to each pair of adjacent waveguides.

Abstract: An apparatus for manufacturing photovoltaic devices of the type including a plurality of layers of semiconductor materials deposited onto a substrate includes a plurality of deposition chambers, each chamber arranged to deposit a respective one of the layers of semiconductor materials onto the substrate as the substrate is advanced therethrough. At least one of the deposition chambers is coupled to a source of microwave energy to form a microwave energy excited glow discharge plasma within the at least one deposition chamber for depositing at least one of the layers of semiconductor material onto the substrate from the microwave energy excited glow discharge plasma within the at least one deposition chamber.Also disclosed is an assembly for depositing a material onto a substrate from a microwave energy excited plasma. The assembly includes a deposition chamber, a source of microwave energy, and an antenna extending into the chamber and coupled to the microwave energy source.

Abstract: Each radiating slot having a length L in the vicinity of the operating wavelength .lambda. of a direct-radiation slotted rectangular waveguide is placed on one side of the waveguide so as to be parallel to the lines of current flow and is provided with a transverse stepped section formed at the center of the slot at right angles to the current lines.

Abstract: An improved planar slot array antenna comprising a conducting fence or baffle interposed between the two halves of the antenna in a plane perpendicular to the flat plate or E-field.

Abstract: Described is an antenna structure which reduces the side lobe level of a slot array antenna of the type using a dielectric plate as a director mechanism. A slot radiator is mounted on the vertical side of a member composed of metal plates and having a C-shaped side sectional shape, and a pair of parallel dielectric plates are projected to extend in the direction of the open end of the C-shaped member. Also, a pair of metal pent roof plates are provided to spread upwardly and downwardly from the open end edges of the C-shaped member on the outer side of the dielectric plates. The metal pent roof plates serve as reflecting plates for the radiation power from the slot radiator and thus the side lobe level is reduced to a practical low level.

Abstract: This invention relates to the structure of slotted cable antennas used in end-fire glide slope systems employed in the instrument landing of airplanes. The structure is an improvement over that described in my U.S. Pat. No. 3,699,582 titled Slotted Cable Glide Slope Antenna. An air-dielectric coaxial transmission line, carrying a travelling wave of radio frequency energy, has a number of probe-fed slots along the outer conductor which leak current onto the outside surface of the line, resulting in radiation. The magnitude of the radiation from each slot is controlled by the probe coupling to the inner conductor and by a slot shunt consisting of a coaxial shorted line section. The relative phase of the radiations from adjacent slots is controlled by the electrical spacing of the slots.

Abstract: A 360 degree scanning antenna is disclosed which includes a mechanism for anning the main beam of a cylindrical array in azimuth and over a limited angle in elevation in which a primary feedhorn illuminates a geodesic lens which in turn illuminates the cylindrical array structure. Energy is coupled from the parallel plate structure of the feedhorn assembly into the individual waveguides of the array via dielectric wedges extending from the waveguides.Scanning in elevation is accomplished by changing the transmitter frequency and in azimuth by rotating the primary feedhorn assembly.

Abstract: A power-radiating slotted waveguide comprises one or more rods mounted inside the waveguide adjacent a non-inclined slot. The rod causes power to be radiated and because the slot is non-inclined, undesirable cross-polarized radiation is minimized. The energy radiated from the slot can be varied by varying the area between the rod and the waveguide walls.

Abstract: This invention relates to an arrangement of waveguide coupling mechanisms in a two-layer structure that will produce accurate excitation of the array radiating slot elements over a wide bandwidth, handle high input power and be useful either as a very small array or sub-array of a larger array.

Abstract: A monolithic waveguide radar front end subsystem utilizing dielectric coments. The use of dielectric waveguide transmission elements permits conformal mounting while exhibiting operating characteristics comparable to those of conventional metal waveguide subsystems.

Abstract: An improved slot array antenna with a circular aperture and linear polarization is shown to be made up of a plurality of slotted waveguides having different lengths and different widths. The slots in the waveguides are positioned to optimize amplitude taper in any plane passing through the center of the array normal to the surface thereof and to maximize the number of such slots.

Abstract: This specification discloses how to control the resonant slot length fed by a boxed strip line and a slot array antenna which uses a standing wave to form a broadside and an off broadside main beam. A plurality of linearly arranged elongated slots are fed by one continuous stripline feed conductor. The conductor has conductor portions each associated with one slot and each having a longitudinal axis which is angled with respect to the longitudinal axis of the associated slot. The conductor portions form a zig-zag pattern, adjacent slots having conductor portions angled at a different direction with respect to the direction of alignment of the slots.

Abstract: This invention is an electronically steerable radar antenna which is on a cylinder section which is on the order of one wave length in circumference and in which the shape of the antenna elements on the cylinder section take the form of "O", "I" and "C" slots occupying about one-third the section circumference. Radar beams are steered by changing the phase and amplitude of the drive to the different elements of the antenna. The slots are formed as interruptions in an otherwise continuous, conductive ground plane and may be filled with dielectric if desired so that there is no surface discontinuity.

Abstract: High-frequency radio waves are transmitted through a coaxial cable having apertures spaced at a distance considerably larger than the wavelength of the signals; the apertures are feed points for surface waves on the cable.

Abstract: Non-dispersive array antenna of the prism array type in which the primary dispersive input array and the secondary output array include an acute angle .alpha. between each other, made of a piling up of non-dispersive, monodimensional array antennas, in each of which the propagation between said arrays is guided.Application to electronic scanning antennas of the prism array type.

Abstract: A radio frequency antenna comprising a waveguide having opposing relatively wide, upper and lower wall portions, a pair of opposing, relatively narrow side wall portions, and a relatively narrow rear wall portion, such portions being connected to provide a cavity having an open end disposed opposite the rear wall portion, the separation between the side wall portions decreasing as such side wall portions extend towards the rear wall portion. The waveguide includes a ridge disposed within the cavity, the decreasingly separated side wall portions of the waveguide being disposed between the ridge and the rear wall portion of the waveguide. The ridge is coupled to a coaxial transmission line. With such arrangement the decreasingly separated side wall portions of the waveguide improve the impedance matching between the coaxial transmission line and the ridged waveguide antenna element, thereby increasing the operating bandwidth of the ridged waveguide antenna element.

Abstract: A Doppler radar speed sensor including an antenna section and a sensor section is mounted on the underside of the automobile undercarriage. A recess for accommodating the Doppler radar speed sensor is formed in part of the underside of the automobile undercarriage within a rectangle surrounded by the wheels, and the Doppler radar speed sensor is mounted fully within the recess. This structure prevents the sensor from being damaged in an unfavorable environment or external vehicle devices from being interfered with by the leakage of the unrequired radar wave. For size reduction, the Doppler radar speed sensor is provided with a metal casing integrated with a slotted waveguide antenna. The slot array of the antenna is formed in one side of the metal casing, so that the metal casing, makes up part of the slot array antenna.

Abstract: A doppler navigation antenna having automatic land-sea error correction through the utilization of two somewhat differently inclined lobe groups consisting of four lobes each, and employing a plane radiator group which comprises a plurality of individual radiators arranged in parallel rows. Each end of each radiator is fed by a pair of feed lines which extend transversely in the rows, the individual feed lines of each pair of feed lines having slightly different phase delay characteristics.

Abstract: A warning apparatus comprises a Gunn oscillator, a transmitting antenna, a receiving antenna, a detector, and a comparator which produces a detecting signal when the output signal from the detector is belowed a reference level. The warning apparatus further comprises a drive circuit for applying a rectangular pulse voltage to the Gunn oscillator, a band-pass filter allowing only a microwave with the transmitting frequency band of microwaves received by the receiving antenna to pass therethrough, and a signal generator for applying the reference signal, which changes in accordance with the output signal of the detector, to the comparator.

Abstract: A continuous slot antenna having a rectangular waveguide whose broad dimeon varies in proportion to the attenuation for providing improved radiation patterns.

Abstract: A resonant load is inserted in each end of a continuous curved slot of calated design in the broad face of a waveguide for improving the electrical characteristics, reducing radiation pattern beamwidth, and extending the useful range of overall slot length. The permittivity and permeability of the load material are controlled to present a matched termination to the field in the slot thereby eliminating standing waves on the slot and improving aperture distribution.

Abstract: A physical deterrent barrier is utilized as an integral part of an intruder detection sensor that provides surveillance of intrusions in the air space over the barrier. The sensor is a corner reflecting antenna that is coextensive with and mounts on the top of the barrier and is integrated into a barbed wire topped chain link fence by arranging appropriately spaced parallel strands of barbed wire into a V configuration so as to effect an electrical corner reflector at the system operating frequency.

Abstract: A radiating cable is constructed from an inner conductor and a concentric outer conductor being separated from each other by a dielectric spacer; the outer conductor has openings of similar size and configuration but their density varies periodically in axial direction. In one example, the openings are arranged in circumferential rows and axial rows, the number of openings for circumferential row varies periodically in axial direction. In another example, a single axial row has its openings spaced in a periodically variable spacing.

Abstract: A disk-type antenna array is described with its supply device. The antenna is supplied with an electromagnetic wave having circular polarization in the TE.sub.11 mode delivered through a particular coupling means.

Abstract: This specification discloses a nondissipative load termination for a traveling wave antenna array whereby energy incident at the end of the antenna array is applied directly to the main beam of the array with the same polarization as the main beam so that the gain of the antenna is improved.