Abstract: The present disclosure provides an antenna feeder assembly of a multi-band antenna, comprising a first feeder supporting propagation of waves in a first frequency band and a second feeder supporting propagation of waves in a second frequency band lower than the first frequency band. The second feeder coaxially surrounds the first feeder. The first feeder comprises a dielectric emitting section and a dielectric radiating section; wherein each of the dielectric emitting section and the radiating section includes an inner cavity, a wall, and sub-wavelength elements on an external surface of the wall. The present disclosure also provides a multi-band microwave antenna, comprising a dish reflector, a subreflector, and the above-mentioned antenna feeder assembly.

Abstract: The system and method for a low profile high gain dual polarization UHF/VHF antenna. In some cases a spiral antenna over a small cavity, with arms attached on either side is provided. The antenna structure is a short distance above a ground plane (e.g., less than 1/10 wavelength at the high frequency of operation). The arms are terminated to ground and the values of the terminations can vary depending on installation and the value chosen for the spiral termination. In some cases, the spiral antenna is not limited to a two arm spiral only as any type of spiral antenna may be used.

Abstract: A split open loop resonator antenna comprising a first electrically connected open loop structure which comprises a first slit, a second electrically connected open loop structure containing a second slit. The first electrically connected open loop structure contains a first main structure being a portion of a first open loop and a first additional structure being another portion of the first open loop. The second electrically connected open loop structure has a second main structure. The first main structure is arranged in a first plane. The first additional structure is arranged in a second plane different from the first plane. The plurality of planes are parallel to each other and the first main structure is electrically connected to the first additional structure. The first main structure and the first additional structure are arranged such that when projected in a same plane they cover first open loop shape.

Abstract: The use of phased array antennas in ground based or low altitude user equipment linked to high altitude aerial platforms also utilizing sparse phased-array antennas (uniform and non-uniform), which enables the delivery of information services, including telecommunications, earth observation, astronomical and positioning services with higher data rates, lower weight, power consumption and sidelobe levels than for other antenna arrangements.

Abstract: An antenna device includes a first substrate, a feeder line which is disposed in the first substrate, a grounding conductor which is disposed in the first substrate, a first radiation element which is electrically connected to the feeder line in the first substrate, a second radiation element which is electrically connected to the grounding conductor and is disposed substantially in parallel with the first radiation element in the first substrate, a first reflector which is disposed in the first substrate, and a second reflector which is disposed in the first substrate so as to be separated by a predetermined distance from the first radiation element or the second radiation element in at least one of longitudinal directions of the first radiation element and the second radiation element.

Abstract: A wide-bandwidth antenna with antenna pattern control includes a radiator and a feed. The radiator includes two or more volumetric radiating elements. The feed includes two or more feed units, the feed units configured to provide wave signals to the volumetric radiating elements. The feed units provide an independent signal for each radiating element. The wave signals can be fed out of phase to each other. Depending on the dielectric filler inside the volume of the antenna and the phase shift between feeds, the pattern can be modified electronically leading to pattern control. The radiating elements are spaced at a distance at least one order of magnitude smaller than half of an operational wavelength of the antenna. At least one electrically conductive element of the antenna is capable of conducting a current that generates a magnetic field. The magnetic field lowers the total reactance of the antenna, thereby resulting in enhanced performance of the antenna in terms of bandwidth, gain, and pattern control.

Abstract: A wide-bandwidth antenna (e.g., a rib-dipole antenna) includes a first pole formed by a first conductive member and/or a second pole formed by a second conductive member. The antenna also includes an antenna feed between the first conductive member and the second conductive member. The antenna also includes at least one electrically conductive element including a surface. A portion of the surface is electrically connected to, and extends from, the first conductive member or the second conductive member. The at least one electrically conductive element is capable of conducting a current that generates a magnetic field. The magnetic field lowers a total reactance of the antenna, thereby resulting in enhanced performance of the antenna and more efficient use of volume.

Abstract: An antenna, in particular a dipole antenna, for radio communication in a hearing aid, is disclosed. The antenna includes a solid three-dimensional dielectric support body, an electrically conductive first plate on a first surface of the support body and an electrically conductive second plate on a second surface of the support body. The first surface and the second surface are arranged on opposing ends of the support body. An electrically conductive filament is arranged on and/or in the support body, electrically coupling the first plate with the second plate, and comprising first sections and second sections. The second sections extend perpendicular to the first sections.

Abstract: A broadband radiation unit includes first and second pairs of symmetric dipoles operable to transmit communication signals and to receive communication signals. The first pair of symmetric dipoles has a polarization that is orthogonal to that of the second pair of symmetric dipoles. The first and second pairs of symmetric dipoles together define an annular structure. A plurality of baluns are associated with the first and second pairs of symmetric dipoles such that a given one of the baluns is associated with a respective symmetric dipole of the pairs of symmetric dipoles. Each one of the baluns feeds a balanced current to its associated symmetric dipole. Each symmetric dipole of the first and second pairs of symmetric dipoles has two unit arms which are disposed on and arranged symmetrically about its associated balun.

Abstract: A dual mode ground penetrating radar includes an enclosure which houses radar electronics. The dual mode ground penetrating radar includes an enclosure housing radar electronics. The dual mode ground penetrating radar further includes a first antenna feed having ferrite loading and extending outside of the enclosure. The dual mode ground penetrating radar further includes a second antenna feed spaced apart from the first antenna feed, the second antenna feed having ferrite loading and extending outside of the enclosure. An RF signal is provided in at least one of the first and second antenna feeds by the radar electronics.

Abstract: A dipole antenna for wide-band communications. Some embodiments relate to a multilayer planar high-gain antenna for ultra-wideband communications having a broadband dipole structure, a tuning plate and a feed arranged roughly parallel to one another and separated from one another with dielectric materials. In one embodiment, the antenna includes four conductive layers, a reflector, which is preferably rectangular, a broadband bowtie preferably of bowtie shape, a feed structure and a parasitic element or tuning patch.

Abstract: Provided is a small monopole antenna, which can generate a plurality of resonant frequencies, have a high antenna efficiency, and be easily installed. The antenna includes a first antenna element formed of a coaxial cable; a second antenna element sealing the first antenna element and sharing a feed point with the first antenna element; and a feeder cable for feeding electric power to the feed point. This antenna is applied as a small antenna.

Abstract: Antenna system embodiments are illustrated that include a planar, top-loaded dipole antenna and a planar elliptical dipole antenna arranged substantially coplanar and within the top-loaded dipole antenna. These antenna structures facilitate their combination with tuning coil chains, baluns and impedance matching circuits to operate over multiple frequency bands. System embodiments exhibit high gain and selectivity and may be digitally tuned over wide frequency bands (e.g., 30-600 MHz). The embodiments may be digitally tuned to support operational modes such as frequency hopping to thereby realize a secure communication system. Because these embodiments are configured to operate in the absence of a ground plane, they are especially suited for mounting on various portions of an aircraft's structure. For example, they may be configured as winglets and situated far out on wingtips to thus free the remainder of an aircraft's structure for other operational systems.

Abstract: Antennas and methods for controlling antennas for producing electromagnetic radiation in a desired direction over a wide range of wavelengths. A current distribution is controlled in one or more conductive radiating elements of an antenna to form, at every wavelength within a pattern wavelength range, an antenna radiation pattern having a peak in a direction substantially orthogonal to a length of an elongated conductive radiating element or elements. By careful control of the current distribution, the pattern wavelength range is made exceptionally broad. In the case of a dipole antenna, the pattern wavelength can range from about ?l to at least about 8l, where l is an approximate combined length of a pair of elongated elements forming a dipole antenna. Alternatively, in the case of a monopole antenna, the pattern wavelength range can extend from about ?l to at least about 4l, where l is an approximate overall length of the monopole antenna.

Abstract: The invention relates to a portable compact antenna formed from a first dipole type radiating element operating in a first frequency band and comprising a first and at least one second conductive arm, differentially supplied, the first arm, referred to as cold arm, forming at least one cover for an electronic card and the second arm, referred to as hot arm, being linked to the cold arm at the level of the supply. According to the invention, the hot arm comprises at least one slot resonating in a second frequency band such as the GSM band.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a tag-use antenna allowing a miniaturization while maintaining a constant minimal change of a communication distance. The tag-use antenna has a feed part of a folded dipole antenna of a size of 53 mm long and 7 mm wide being connected to, and equipped with, an LSI chip of Rc=500 ohms and Cc=1.4 pF and is covered with plastic resin 13 of the dielectric constant ?r=3 and thickness of t=0.75 mm on both sides of the antenna. The dipole part of 1 mm wire path width of the tag-use antenna is formed in a rectangular spiral by being bent inward from both ends at bending parts at four places. The entire length of the dipole antenna when extending the four bending parts straight is featured so as to be shorter than one half of a resonance wavelength of the antenna. An inductance part is formed in the neighborhood of the center of the dipole antenna, and placed in the middle of the dipole antenna, which is formed in said rectangular spiral, of the dipole antenna.

Abstract: An antenna for reception of satellite radio signals emitted circularly in the direction of rotation of polarization has a conductive base surface, an antenna connection point, an antenna element connection point and at least two antenna elements. The first antenna element is a loop antenna formed as a conductor loop disposed substantially parallel but spaced apart from the base surface. The loop antenna has a plurality of capacitors disposed along the conductor loop. The antenna connection point is coupled to at least one interruption of the loop antenna. This connection point is configured to feed a ring current into the loop antenna. There is also at least one additional antenna element extending between the antenna element connection point and the loop antenna.

Abstract: A dipole antenna includes a plurality of parallel metal wires as its basic structure, and a plurality of identical or similar unit circuits arranged in a row in an extending direction of the plurality of metal wires and connected with each other. The unit circuits each have a tie portion that connects the metal wires with each other via at least one first inductor, and at least one first capacitor provided on at least one of the metal wires. The plurality of metal wires each have a base portion and an extended portion, and the plurality of metal wires are each bent such that the extended portion extends at an angle of 90 degrees with respect to the base portion.

Abstract: The invention relates to a portable compact antenna formed from a first dipole type radiating element operating in a first frequency band and comprising a first and at least one second conductive arm, differentially supplied, the first arm, referred to as cold arm, forming at least one cover for an electronic card and the second arm, referred to as hot arm, being linked to the cold arm at the level of the supply. According to the invention, the hot arm comprises at least one slot resonating in a second frequency band such as the GSM band.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a tag-use antenna allowing a miniaturization while maintaining a constant minimal change of a communication distance. The tag-use antenna has a feed part of a folded dipole antenna of a size of 53 mm long and 7 mm wide being connected to, and equipped with, an LSI chip of Rc=500 ohms and Cc=1.4 pF and is covered with plastic resin 13 of the dielectric constant ?r=3 and thickness of t=0.75 mm on both sides of the antenna. The dipole part of 1 mm wire path width of the tag-use antenna is formed in a rectangular spiral by being bent inward from both ends at bending parts at four places. The entire length of the dipole antenna when extending the four bending parts straight is featured so as to be shorter than one half of a resonance wavelength of the antenna. An inductance part is featured in the intermediate part of the both dipole parts in the neighborhood of the center of the antenna.

Abstract: An antenna is disclosed that comprises a pair of conductive, orthogonal arches and a pair of conductive annular sector plates, wherein adjacent legs of each arch are fastened to one of the annular sector plates and the opposite adjacent pair of legs is fastened to the remaining annular sector plate. The entire antenna structure is spaced apart from a conductive ground plane by a thin dielectric medium. The antenna is driven by a feed conduit passing through the conductive ground plane and dielectric medium and attached to one of the annular sector plates, wherein the two orthogonal arched act as a pair of crossed dipole elements. This arrangement of elements provides a radiation pattern that is largely omni-directional above the horizon.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are wireless products adapted to be positioned in a normal or resting position, that also include an antenna composed of a set of elements arranged in a plane in a radially symmetrical configuration providing a reduction in the susceptibility of reflected waves having the potential to cancel or weaken a main wave or signal, the plane positioned with respect to the normal position to direct a main communication line with a second wireless device into the plane and provide reception of a main and/or secondary signal at a plurality of phases. One exemplary product is a wireless conferencing device configured to rest on a tabletop, the antenna array oriented in a horizontal plane. Detailed information on various example embodiments of the inventions are provided in the Detailed Description below, and the inventions are defined by the appended claims.

Abstract: A dipole antenna includes a plurality of generally parallel metal wiring lines, and a plurality of identical or similar unit circuits arranged in a row along the extending direction of the metal wring lines and connected with one another. Each unit circuit includes a connection portion for connecting the metal wiring lines together via at least one first inductor, and at least one first capacitor inserted into at least one of the metal wiring lines. The plurality of unit circuits are identical unit circuits. Alternatively, the plurality of unit circuits include unit circuits operable in the right-hand system and unit circuits operable in the left-hand system.

Abstract: A planar metal antenna mounted on a semiconductor body and incorporating an active circuit element, for example a diode, integrated in the path of the antenna. Connection between the antenna metal and a peripheral contact is provided by a connecting link of resistive sheet material sub-divided, by voids or by inclusions of high resistive material, into a number of conductive tracks each of width and spacing of dimension small compared with the width of the antenna. The link thus exhibits an effectively high sheet resistivity at high frequency—i.e. at a frequency at or near to the frequency of antenna resonance and thus affords effective hf isolation between the antenna and the contact. At the same time, at dc and at intermediate frequency, a relatively low resistance path is afforded for bias and for extraction of IF signal. The number, width and spacing of the tracks may be varied with distance from the antenna metal to minimize the dc resistivity.

Abstract: A multiple frequency band antenna includes a dipole antenna (4a), which is formed of two dipole antenna elements (8a, 10a). Two extension elements (24a, 26a) extend outward from respective ones of opposed outer ends of the dipole antenna (4a). The length of the dipole antenna (4a) is determined to make the multiple frequency band antenna capable of receiving radio waves in the UHF band, and the sum of the lengths of the dipole antenna (4a) and the extension elements (24a, 26a) is determined to make the multiple frequency band antenna capable of receiving radio waves in the VHF band. PIN diodes (28a, 34a) are connected between the respective extension elements (24a, 26a) and the respective outer ends of the dipole antenna (4a).

Abstract: A phased array antenna includes a substrate having a first surface, and a second surface adjacent thereto and defining an edge therebetween. A plurality of dipole antenna elements are on the first surface, and at least a portion of at least one dipole antenna element is on the second surface. Each dipole antenna element includes a medial feed portion and a pair of legs extending outwardly therefrom. Adjacent legs of adjacent dipole antenna elements on the first and second surfaces include respective spaced apart end portions having predetermined shapes and relative positioning for providing increased capacitive coupling between the adjacent dipole antenna elements.

Abstract: The dipole antenna array is formed by connecting a plurality of dipole antennas, one end of the dipole antenna array has an open stub and a balancing circuit to adjust the width of frequency band, impedance and gain of the antenna array. Each dipole antenna is added on the two ends thereof with antenna loading devices such as a plurality of mini-aperture antennas. The dipole antenna array can have an option to add a reflector on an end thereof.

Abstract: A low loss, compact radio antenna and antenna loading method. For a monople antenna a tubular, conductive radiating element provided whose length is less than one-quarter the wavelength of the nominal frequency of the antenna. A tubular conductive series loading element disposed within the radiating element, the series loading element having a first end for connection to a radio and being electrically connected to the radiating element at a position spaced outwardly from the first end so as to provide inductance in series with the radiating element. An elongate conductive shunt matching element is disposed within the series loading element for electrically connecting the series loading element from a point therein to a mirror image thereof so as to provide shunt inductance that matches the impedance of the antenna to the impedance of a device connected thereto at the nominal frequency.

Abstract: An E-field probe comprises one or more dipoles, each comprising plural, parallel, strings of discrete resistors mounted on a section of printed circuit board and connected electrically so that the parallel strings are twisted about each other for optimum orientation symmetry and minimum stray field pick-up. The values of the individual resistors are chosen so that the dipole is essentially a tapered resistance dipole, providing good performance over a very broad range of frequencies. A pair of diodes connected respectively in parallel strings of one arm of the dipole allows the feeder to be constituted by a pair of parallel series of resistors of comparatively high resistance value continuing from the outer end of the arm in which the diodes are situated. The dipole is effectively “end fed” rather then center fed, and pattern distortion and axial asymmetry are minimized.

Abstract: An antenna array for use with a mobile subscriber unit in a wireless network communications system. The invention utilizes a multiplicity of resonant strips provided within the ground plane. These strips couple to an equal multiplicity of monopole array elements located on top of the ground plane. This approach increases antenna gain by more efficiently utilizing the available ground plane area. Additionally, since the active element is on top of the ground plane, the antenna array sensitivity is decreased because the direct coupling between the antenna and external environmental factors is minimized. The multiplicity of antenna elements are electrically isolated from the ground plane. Each antenna element has a bottom end located proximal to the ground plane, and is aligned along a respective antenna axis that is substantially perpendicular to the top side.

Abstract: A dipole antenna 34 comprises a loop 36 as a first pole and an appendage 42 comprising a strip 44 terminating in a pad 46 as a second pole. The circumference of the loop is in the order of one half-wavelength of an operating frequency and an effective length of the appendage is at least 0.15 times the wavelength. The dipole antenna 34 is shorter than conventional half-wavelength dipole antennas, has a better frequency response and the antenna impedance ZA is dependent on the position of a feedpoint 38 in the loop 36. The antenna may be used with transponders for electronic radio frequency identification systems.

Abstract: An antenna for a mobile communication device, the antenna comprising a housing; a first resonator element with a first feed point having a first resonant frequency; and a second resonator with a second feed point having a second resonant frequency, wherein the housing has an outer portion supporting the first resonator element and an inner portion supporting the second resonator element, the inner portion being positioned within the outer housing such that the first and second feed points are coupled to provide a feed point for the antenna thereby allowing the antenna to operate with the first resonant frequency and the second resonant frequency.

Abstract: Indoor UHF antennas for HDTV and ATSC television signals each include a reflector backplate from which is supported one or more dipoles. Both passive and active antennas are disclosed. The active antennas include: single amplifier with a single dipole; push-pull amplifier with a single dipole; two amplifiers with two parallel dipoles; and two push-pull amplifiers with crossed dipoles. The dipole plates comprise printed circuit boards with the amplifiers directly deposited on the obverse sides of the dipole plates.

Abstract: A collinear electronically tunable helical antenna system includes at least one helical antenna coil; a center conductive tube disposed axially through the open center space of the coil, which may contain bias and control lines and feed lines. The antenna coil is short circuited to the center tube near the base of the coil, forming a tunable choke. Sections of the coil are shorted to electrically shorten the coil, thereby tuning the antenna and choke. Each antenna coil is powered via feed lines that emanate from the antenna base and which run through the conductive tube from below the antenna base. Sections of coil may be shorted by a pair of oppositely poled diodes forming a PIN diode switch connected across a section of antenna coil. A bias voltage that controls the switch is supplied to the switch, via bias lines which run within the antenna coil and exit the antenna coil at a point symmetrical between each pair of oppositely poled diodes.

Abstract: An antenna, used as a voltage and power source, is designed to operate with an arbitrary load, or front end. One or more stubs are added to one or more of the antenna elements. The stubs act as two conductor transmission line and are terminated either in a short-circuit or open-circuit. Where the transmission line is odd multiples of the guided wavelength in length, the short-circuit stubs act as lumped inductors and the open-circuit stubs act as lumped capacitors. The magnitude of these lumped capacitors and inductors (reactances) is affected by a stub length, a stub conductor width, and a stub spacing. Zero or more short-circuit stubs and zero or more open-circuit stubs are added to one or more of the antenna elements to change the reactive (imaginary) part of the antenna input impedance. In a preferred embodiment, the reactive part is changed to equal the negative magnitude of the reactive part of the front end input impedance.

Abstract: An antenna used as a voltage and power source is designed to operate with arbitrary load, or front end. The antenna has one or more (number of) loading bars that are placed adjacent to the elements of the antenna at a spacing distance. The real part of the antenna input impedance is changed by adjusting the loading bar length, width, and/or spacing distance and/or the number of loading bars. These changes are implemented to reduce the real part of the antenna input impedance to make it small enough to develop an adequate voltage, Vp, to operated the front end and connected circuitry. In a preferred embodiment, the real part of the antenna input impedance is reduced to the point at which Vp no longer increases. One or more stubs is added to one or more of the antenna elements. The stubs act as two-conductor transmission line and is terminated either in a short-circuit or open-circuit. The short-circuit stubs act as a lumped inductor. The open-circuit stub acts as a lumped capacitor.

Abstract: An electric dipole antenna includes a first and a second arm extending along a dipole axis away from a feed gap in substantially opposite directions. A first and a second end body are operatively coupled to opposite ends of the first and the second arms. Each end body has a width dimension which extends perpendicular to the dipole axis. A dipole length dimension extends along the dipole axis through the first and the second arms and the first and the second end bodies. A current conduction circuit provides a radiation field for the electric dipole antenna. The circuit passes along the first and the second arms and around a closed perimeter of the first and the second end bodies. As a result, the electric dipole antenna exhibits a series resonant frequency at a wavelength which is at least eight times the dipole length dimension. In addition, an electric monopole antenna design is used. The monopole is situated over a conducting ground plane which reflects the above-ground plane portion of the antenna.

Abstract: An antenna (100) operable over a predetermined broad band and connected to a transmission line (102) includes a tip radiator (106) having a series capacitance (129) and a base radiator/choke (104) operatively connected to the tip radiator for changing feed point reactance values to values that provide a desired bandwidth to minimize the antenna's voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) over frequencies in the predetermined broad band. The antenna also includes a choke assembly (108) operatively connected to the transmission line for suppressing current below a predetermined point of the antenna to maintain the desired bandwidth and VSWR.

Abstract: A television antenna exhibiting a bandwidth including VHF and UHF, a low standing wave ratio, and an essentially omnidirectional radiation pattern. The antenna includes a sheet-like antenna element having a feedpoint, and an electromagnetic characteristic having non-uniform variation with distance from the feedpoint.

Abstract: The invention is a novel antenna configuration that has a substantially smaller size than existing antennas tuned to a given frequency. Compact size is provided without substantial loss in performance, making the antenna particularly suitable for hand-held devices. An antenna in accordance with the invention is preferably situated on an FR4 substrate, and includes a dipole having first and second pairs of copper radiating strips, one pair on each of the top and bottom surfaces of the substrate. Each radiating strip in a pair has a copper conductive strip coupled thereto, the strip of one radiating element being situated on the same surface of the substrate as the respective strip, with the conducting element of the other radiating strip being disposed on the opposite surface of the substrate. The effect of the configuration is to lengthen the radiating strips without an increase in substrate dimensions, thereby allowing tuning to low frequencies for a given substrate size.

Abstract: A flexible dipole antenna comprising a flexible center fed coaxial cable (12) having an insulated center conductor, comprising a second radiating element emerging from a first radiating element connected to the outer conductor of the cable (12) and a basket to attach said antenna to a desired apparatus. The antenna also has a first strain relief member (18) coaxially surrounding said cable where said cable emerges from said first radiating element.

Abstract: A double dipole tuned antenna is presented having the capability to enhance the television reception, particularly on VHF frequencies. The antenna has an outer, longer diverging dipole antenna connected near its midsection to an inner, shorter, parallel diverging dipole. Also connected to the inner dipole is a large helical coil and a smaller helical coil. A capacitor is placed in parallel across opposite ends of the smaller helical coil in order to tune the device. The device is particularly useful for tuning VHF frequencies although it is also useful in tuning UHF frequencies.

Abstract: An antenna system embodiment of the present invention comprises a curved dipole antenna stood off at its center by a printed circuit board assembly containing a pre-amplifier. The curved dipole antenna is implemented with a single-sided flexible circuit and is anchored at its four free ends to a sheet metal base for a groundplane. The printed circuit board assembly containing the predetermined amplifier is fixed perpendicular to the sheet metal base and has a tab that engages a slot in the center of the single-sided flexible circuit for electrical connection of a pair of orthogonal dipoles patterned on one side of the flexible circuit.

Abstract: A dipole antenna for use in motor vehicles is provided. The antenna comprises a primary linear element, a secondary element extending from the distal end of the primary element in a generally perpendicular manner and a tertiary element extending from the primary element intermediate to the distal end and a breakpoint in the primary element. The antenna generally represents an "F" shape and is electrically insulated from ground. Further, the antenna may be closely spaced to a ground plane portion of the vehicle to which the receiving device is grounded, thereby providing a directional antenna useful in a passive entry system.

Abstract: A double-folded monopole is used on a linear antenna to produce a traveling-wave distribution of current. The double fold is positioned one-quarter wavelength from the end of the antenna. The resultant antenna has three radiating elements that are orthogonal with respect to each other. The orthogonal folded dipoles each consist of five segments designed so that the currents have comparable magnitudes and are in phase to provide near hemispherical coverage.

Abstract: A planar dipole antenna is arranged on a non-conductive substrate having an exposed, planar surface. The antenna includes a first quarter wavelength element having a first end and an opposite second end and a second quarter wavelength element having a third end and an opposite fourth end. The first, second, third and fourth ends, respectively, are arranged on a common straight line with the second and third ends adjacent to each other. A third quarter wavelength element, having a fifth end and an opposite sixth end, is arranged adjacent to the first element with its fifth end adjacent to the first end of the first element and its sixth end both adjacent to and physically connected with the third end of the second element. A signal source or sink is coupled to the first end of the first element and the fifth end of the third element, respectively, for providing electrical energy to, and/or receiving electrical energy from the antenna.

Abstract: A resonant helical antenna capable of being tuned electronically over a broad range of frequencies. The helical turns of the radiating portion of the antenna are formed of tubular material which may be in the form of a single length of tubing or may comprise a number of parallel coaxial cables with their outer conductors in electrical contact. The antenna is tuned by a series of oppositely poled pairs of diodes that are connected at spaced points to the radiating coils of the antenna. When the diodes are biased to be conducive, a section of the radiating helix is short-circuited. Bias voltages to control the diodes are provided by leads inside the radiating turns of the helix. Each lead for a pair of diodes emerges at a point electrically balanced between the two spaced points that are connected to the associated diodes. No r-f potential exists between the outer and inner conductor of the radiating runs at the point where the bias lead emerges, so no r-f current flows in the bias lead wires.

Abstract: A foreshortened log-periodic antenna which includes variously configured dipole elements and a tapered feedline is disclosed. The dipole elements are arranged in four regions. A first region, located nearest to a feed end of the antenna, includes solid triangular dipoles having constant base-to-height ratios. A second region, adjacent to the first region, includes solid triangular dipoles having decreasing base-to-height ratios. A third region, located adjacent to the second region, includes a single linear dipole. A fourth region, located adjacent to the third region and nearest to a low frequency end of the antenna, includes foreshortened dipoles. The feedline may be implemented either in coaxial or microstrip form so that a lower characteristic impedance is pressed at the feed end of the antenna than at the low frequency end of the antenna.

Abstract: A broadcasting wave reception antenna have a magnetic core having multiple radial projections extending on a common plane, and respective projections are provided with coils wound on them.