Abstract: The invention provides a multiple beam antenna and a method of fabricating such an antenna. The multiple beam antenna comprises: a flexible substrate having a conductive layer; a plurality of directional antennas; and a plurality of electrical connections being routed from each of the plurality of directional antennas to at least one area of the substrate. The plurality of directional antennas and the plurality of electrical connections are formed in the conductive layer, and the flexible substrate is shaped so that the plurality of directional antennas point in prescribed directions. This provides a low cost, high functionality multiple beam antenna. The multiple beam antenna can be shaped such that the directional antennas cover a full 360° or alternatively cover any range of other angles, (e.g. 270° or 180°).

Abstract: A monopole or dipole antenna includes a radiating element having at least one notch. The at least one notch intersects at least at one point on an edge of the radiating element wherein the intersecting point is located at a distance to a feeding point. The distance being shorter than half a length of a longest edge of the radiating element. A maximum width of the at least one notch is narrower than a half of a longest length of the at least one notch.

Abstract: A reflect array antenna including a plurality of unit cells. Each cell includes first, second, third and fourth patch antenna segments. An amplifier is coupled between said first patch segment and the second patch segment or the third patch segment and the fourth patch segment. At least one of the patch antenna segments of a first unit cell is electrically connected to a patch antenna segment of a second unit cell. The first patch antenna segment of a first unit cell is electrically connected to a third patch segment of a second unit cell. Each patch segment of each unit cell is electrically connected to a patch segment of a neighboring cell. The first and third patche segments are the input terminals of each cell and the second and fourth patch segments of each cell are the output terminals. The output terminals of each cell are coupled to the output terminals of neighboring cells. This provides an output patch antenna, of greater area, fed by multiple cells.

Abstract: Integrated microwave modular transceiver tile structure in the form of a cube-like configuration, and including (a) a first, generally planar, circuit-board layer structure possessing an array of plural, integrally formed microwave transceivers arranged in a defined row-and-column pattern, with each transceiver having an associated transceiver axis extending generally normal to the plane of said the first layer structure, and (b) a second, generally planar, circuit-board layer structure including transceiver-function operational circuitry operatively connected to the transceivers, and functional to promote operation of the transceivers simultaneously in transmission and reception modes of operation.

Abstract: An antenna includes a first antenna element and a second antenna element. The first antenna element and the second antenna element are configured to transmit and receive signals in a first band of frequencies and in a second band of frequencies. A first pair of delay lines is coupled to the first antenna element and a second pair of delay lines coupled to the second antenna element. A first delay line in the first pair of delay lines and the second pair of delay lines is configured to phase shift electrical signals coupled to the first antenna element and the second antenna element such that a first impedance of the antenna is approximately equal in the first band of frequencies and the second band of frequencies. A second delay line in the first pair of delay lines and the second pair of delay lines is configured to convert the first impedance to a second impedance.

Abstract: A space-fed array is selectively operable in a reflective mode or in a feed-through mode. The array includes, in an exemplary embodiment, a primary array; and a feed array. The primary array includes a first side set of radiating elements, a first set of phase shifters, a set of switches, a second set of phase shifters and a second side set of radiating elements. Each of the switches is connected between corresponding ones of the first set and the second set of phase shifters and ground, selectively settable at an open position or at a closed position. The open position corresponds to the feed through mode, and the closed position corresponds to the reflective mode.

Abstract: An antenna device for a mobile phone designed for operation in full duplex comprises a transceiver unit (1) having one transmitting subunit (2) and one receiving subunit (3). At least one first antenna (6) is connected to the transmitting subunit (2) via an active matching network (5). At least a second antenna (8), separate and discrete from the first antenna (6), is connected to the receiving subunit (3). In one embodiment there is also an active matching network (11) between the second antenna (8) and the receiving subunit (3). Both the first and the second antennas may comprise more than one radiating element.

Abstract: A system and method for an electronically scanned antenna is provided in which phase shifters are deposited en masse along with other electronically scanned antenna components on a wafer scale substrate using a thin film process. Alternative wafer scale sizes may be utilized to furnish a required antenna aperture area. Significant processing costs for radar and communication systems are saved utilizing the present invention as compared with contemporary discrete phase shifters that are individually mounted on an antenna. In an aspect, the phase shifter is made up of a base electrode, a barium strontanate titanate (BST) ferroelectric varactor and a top electrode. The BST ferroelectric material is a voltage variable dielectric, which generates a radiation phase. The radiation phase is regulated by a phase shifter control. The radiation phase generates an electromagnetic field about a radiating element and electromagnetic radio waves are radiated from the radiating element.

Abstract: An RF power divider circuit unequally divides an input signal into first and second signal components of unequal power. The circuit includes a single input port, first and second output ports, and a combination of a plurality of quarter wave transformers and a plurality of resistors coupled between the input port and the first and second output ports.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an integrated circuit antenna array is provided that includes: a substrate, a plurality of antennas adjacent the substrate; and an RF feed network adjacent the substrate for transmitting RF signals to the plurality of antennas and for receiving RF signals from the plurality of antennas, the RF feed network coupling to a distributed plurality of phase shifters integrated with the substrate for phase-shifting the RF signals propagated through the RF feed network.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and an apparatus for forming an antenna beam from an array antenna having a rear facing side, an aperture, and including a first and a second radiating element. The method comprises injecting a synchronization signal wirelessly from a common source at the rear facing side of the array antenna to provide an initial calibration of the array antenna that synchronizes phase of an output signal from the first and second radiating elements to the common source. The method further comprises compensating a change in phase of the synchronization signal at the first radiating element based on a spatial displacement to synchronize phase of a first portion of the output signal from the first radiating element to the phase of the synchronization signal at the second radiating element in response to the spatial displacement of the first radiating element after the initial calibration of the antenna array.

Abstract: An adaptive antenna array has array elements arranged in element rows and element columns and subarrays arranged in subarray rows and subarray columns, for which the subarray phase centers have non-uniform spacing. The adaptive antenna array provides good detection and tracking performance when used in a radar system, while being inexpensive and easy to manufacture. A radar system and a method of adapting a radar array both employ the above described adaptive antenna array.

Abstract: A dual-band circularly polarized antenna is disclosed, more particularly a dual-band circularly polarized antenna being able to transmit and receive circularly polarized signals at two different frequency bands, simultaneously. The dual-band circularly polarized antenna of the present invention comprises a first polarized radiating element with at least one corner being chamfered, a plurality of second polarized radiating elements with each of the second polarized radiating elements having at least one corner being chamfered, a signal distributor for distributing an electrical signal, a signal coupling unit electrically connecting with the first polarized radiating unit and the signal distributor, and a ground plate. The dual-band circularly polarized antenna of the present invention not only can be manufactured with a low cost, but also has a simpler structure. As a result, the dual-band circularly polarized antenna of the present invention can be easily integrated into the antenna module of an RFID system.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a wafer scale antenna array is provided that includes: a substrate, a first plurality of antennas adjacent to the substrate; and a driving network adjacent the substrate for transmitting RF signals to the plurality of antennas and for receiving RF signals from the plurality of antennas, the driving network coupling to a distributed plurality of driving amplifiers and corresponding matching amplifiers integrated with the substrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to dual polarized antenna which is capable of simultaneously radiating electromagnetic waves in horizontal as well as vertical polarization directions for the broadest electromagnetic-wave coverage and forming an omnidirectional electromagnetic field.

Abstract: An antenna has stacked grounded metal plates with openings (1, 2, 3) and antenna layers (4, 5) with feed lines (4B, 5B), situated between grounded metal plates. The openings in the grounded metal plates are arranged as matrix of columns and rows. The ends of the feed lines (4D, 5D) are aligned with the plate's openings (1A) in order to form radiating elements. The plate (7) is placed below the bottom grounded plate (3). The three-plate stack is arranged as two antenna packages (Ap1 and Ap2). These packages include also a layer (8) comprising active devises for initial amplification of the received signal, which are connected to the groups of radiating elements (4D, 5D, 1A) through coaxial transitions (13). As well as a combiner block (9) is connected to the active layer (8). The antenna layers (4, 5) are arranged in subarrays and the antenna output is connected by a transition (12) to a standard twin Low Noise Block.

Abstract: An adaptive surface has a dielectric surface with a repeating pattern of electrically conductive structures disposed thereon or therein, the dielectric surface in combination with repeating pattern of electrically conductive structures forming a metasurface for binding surface waves thereto. A plurality of actuators on the dielectric surface alter the shape of the metasurface in response to control signals. A plurality of sensors on the dielectric surface for measuring a desired parameter and converting it to data. A plurality of rectennae disposed on the dielectric surface for providing electrical power to said actuators and to said sensors. A plurality of data antennas are disposed on or in the dielectric surface, the data antennas being coupled with data receivers and data transmitters for receiving data from an external source for controlling the actuators and for transmitting data from said sensors to an external receiver.

Abstract: A diversity antenna arrangement to reduce cost and the number of switching operations between different antennas includes an antenna changeover switch for switching between antennas, and an evaluation circuit for evaluating reception quality of a signal derived from a signal received from at least one of the antennas and conveyed to a receiving device via the antenna changeover switch. The evaluation circuit emits an evaluation signal based on the determined reception quality. A control device drives the antenna changeover switch based on the evaluation signal. A weighting device, using a first coefficient, weights the signal conveyed to the receiving device via the antenna changeover switch, and using a second coefficient, weights a signal received from at least one further antenna. A summing circuit adds the weighted signals. A regulating circuit generates the coefficients to minimize the temporal amplitude fluctuations of the composite signal, which is evaluated by the evaluation circuit.

Abstract: Range limited antenna includes first and second pair of antenna elements, and an RF signal processing network connected to both pair of antenna elements. The network has a function, F(?,x)??A(x)??B(x), where x is a signal, ?A(x) is the phase angle of signal x at the first element pair, ?B(x) is the phase angle of signal x at the second element pair, and ? contains all additional parameters which bear on the system. The network is configured to pass a signal for which F(?,x)>?, where ? is a threshold amount, such that the antenna has gain to signals within a radius and has attenuation outside the radius.

Abstract: A system and method for a wireless link to a remote receiver includes a communication device for generating RF and a planar antenna apparatus for transmitting the RF. The planar antenna apparatus includes selectable antenna elements, each of which has gain and a directional radiation pattern. The directional radiation pattern is substantially in the plane of the antenna apparatus. Switching different antenna elements results in a configurable radiation pattern. Alternatively, selecting all or substantially all elements results in an omnidirectional radiation pattern. One or more directors and/or one or more reflectors may be included to constrict the directional radiation pattern. The antenna apparatus may be conformally mounted to a housing containing the communication device and the antenna apparatus.

Abstract: A system is disclosed for providing a new panel antenna array with enhanced environmental protection, increased reliability and simplified assembly through the incorporation of new array structures. In one embodiment, a panel antenna array system comprises one or more linear arrays having one or more radiating elements for providing antenna transmission and reception; and one or more protection modules to be aligned vertically with each other in a parallel fashion, with each protection module providing protection to one linear array. A mounting bracket further provides a mounting surface to the protection modules.

Abstract: The present invention uses low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) technology for fabrication of micro-electro-mechnical systems (MEMS) based phase shifters. As a result, low-cost subarray modules can be constructed using LTCC, and the subarray modules (10) can be used as building blocks for large antenna arrays. In an exemplary description of the present invention, all layers of the multilayer subarray modules, including MEMS, are in LTCC. As a result, a significant cost reduction for satellite terminals using highly integrated LTCC subarray modules.

Abstract: A gain-adjustable antenna has at least a first antenna unit with a first radiation element and a second antenna unit with a second radiation element. The first and second antenna units are detachably connected by way of connecting the first and second radiation element to form an array antenna to adjust the gain and the radiation pattern.

Abstract: Antenna systems, in particular but not exclusively, for use in base transceiver stations of wireless telecommunication networks. Specifically, the present invention combines two or more wide-beam antennas to generate relatively narrow beams and can be used in any sectorized wireless network such as, but not limited to, GSM, CDMA, TDMA and UMTS. Illustratively, two electrically separated beams, creating two electrically separated sectors, can be formed with both beams having characteristics of a combined antenna but advantageously generated using only half the number of separate antennas than conventionally taught to achieve the same beam width for each sector.

Abstract: In various exemplary embodiments, an antenna assembly includes a first patch antenna and a second patch antenna. The first patch antenna includes a first feed point and is tuned to a first frequency. The second patch antenna includes a second feed point and is tuned to a second frequency. The antenna assembly may also include a transmission line having a first end in communication with the first feed point. A second end of the transmission line may be in communication with the second feed point. One of the first and second ends of the transmission line may provide a signal output for signals that are received by the first and second patch antennas. The antenna assembly may also include a low noise amplifier that receives a signal from the signal output of the transmission line.

Abstract: A dual-band multi-mode array antenna is provided, including an antenna substrate with antenna units each of which having a feeding via; and a conductive substrate connected to the antenna substrate to form an angle in between. The conductive substrate has a symmetric feeding network disposed on a surface of the conductive substrate; and a first ground portion disposed on another surface of the conductive substrate. The symmetric feeding network and the first ground portion are electrically coupled to each of the antenna units through the feeding vias. Moreover, the antenna units are electrically coupled in parallel.

Abstract: An antenna apparatus includes a feed element, a passive element provided so as to be distanced from the feed element, a cable connected to the feed element, a main circuit board to which the feed element and the passive element are mounted, an antenna holder having a holder main surface on which the main circuit board with the feed element and the passive element is held, a first feed element provided surface formed on the holder main surface of the antenna holder in order to hold the feed element and a first passive element provided surface formed on the holder main surface of the antenna holder in order to hold the passive element.

Abstract: A first subarray beamformer for a multi-beam phased array antenna (12) used in a receiving mode includes multiple phased array antenna beamforming layers. The beamforming layers include a first beamforming layer (90) that may have a first series of combiners in a first orientation. The first series of combiners combine a first set of signals to form a second set of signals. A second beamforming layer (110) may have a second series of combiners in a second orientation that are coupled to and oppose the first series of combiners. The second series of combiners combine the second set of signals to form a first combined signal. A second subarray beamformer for a multi-beam phased array antenna used in a transmitting mode that has a similar configuration as that of the first subarray beamformer, but includes dividers rather than combiners.

Abstract: A phased array antenna (100) comprising a planar array having a plurality of modules (101,102,103). Each module comprises an integrated multilayer structure having a plurality of radiating elements (215), at least one of the layers is produced using MEMS technology. Further, each module has at least one of a plurality of phase shifters (220,221,222), a plurality of power dividers (230,231,232), a plurality of polarization circuits (and a plurality of filters (240,241,242)). The modules are coupled, both mechanically and electrically, to a distribution network (110) for distribution of DC signals and RF signals. At least one amplifier (121,122,123) is connected between the distribution network and the modules or a single amplifier is connected to the whole array.

Abstract: Radio-frequency transmission device comprising a transmission antenna (2) and a receiving antenna (4), characterised by comprising one or more passive resonant circuits (5) positioned between the transmission and receiving antennas (2, 4).

Abstract: A paraelectric transmission line layer and a ferroelectric transmission line layer are laminated through a ground conductor, and plural phase shifters, which are connected via through holes that pass through the ground conductor, are disposed on both of the transmission line layers at some positions on a feeding line that branches off from the input terminal between all antenna terminals and an input terminal to which a high-frequency power is applied. In addition, loss elements each having the same transmission loss amount as the phase shifter, or the phase shifters are disposed so that transmission loss amounts from all of the antenna terminals to the input terminal are equalized. Accordingly, an antenna control unit which can be manufactured in fewer manufacturing processes and has a pointed beam and a large beam tilt amount, and a phased-array antenna that employs such an antenna control unit are provided.

Abstract: A device for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic radiation includes separate antennas for transmitting and for receiving electromagnetic radiation and in which the lobes of the transmitting and receiving antennas are focused by a shared focusing arrangement.

Abstract: An antenna assembly includes at least two active or main radiating omni-directional antenna elements arranged with at least one beam control or passive antenna element used as a reflector. The beam control antenna element(s) may have multiple reactance elements that can electrically terminate it to adjust the input or output beam pattern(s) produced by the combination of the active antenna elements and the beam control antenna element(s). More specifically, the beam control antenna element(s) may be coupled to different terminating reactances to change beam characteristics, such as the directivity and angular beamwidth. Processing may be employed to select which terminating reactance to use. Consequently, the radiator pattern of the antenna can be more easily directed towards a specific target receiver/transmitter, reduce signal-to-noise interference levels, and/or increase gain.

Abstract: An electromagnetic radiation interface is provided that is suitable for use with radio wave frequencies. A surface is provided with a plurality of electrically conductive bristles. A corresponding plurality of termination sections are provided so that each bristle is terminated with a termination section. The termination section may comprise one or more different termination packages for operating on received electromagnetic radiation and/or producing desired reflections and transmissions. In one embodiment, switches and termination packages may be implemented within integrated circuits wherein the switches may be utilized to switch between different termination packages. The termination packages may include selected fixed reactances and/or modulators designed to produce desired reflections, e.g., Doppler effects to make it appear the surface of the interface is moving a speed different than the actual speed.

Abstract: A quadrifilar helical antenna comprising two pairs of filars having unequal lengths and phase quadrature signals propagating thereon. A conductive H-shaped impedance matching element matches a source impedance to an antenna impedance. The impedance matching element having a feed terminal at the center thereof from which current is supplied to the two filars of each filar pair disposed about an edge of the impedance matching element and symmetric with respect to a center of the impedance matching element. The impedance matching element further comprises a reactive element for matching the antenna and source impedances.

Abstract: A bracket-antenna assembly (3a) for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves as well as supporting a liquid crystal display of an electronic device is disclosed. The bracket-antenna assembly is formed by a side of a loop bracket (3) and includes a first antenna (41) and a second antenna (42) having the same structure with the first antenna and arranged symmetrically to the first antenna on the side of the bracket. Each of the antennas includes two inverted-F antennas operating at different frequency bands. A remained portion of the bracket acts as a grounding portion (30) of both the first and the second antennas.

Abstract: An antenna element, an antenna module, and an electronic equipment using these, are small-sized, high in transmitting and receiving performance, and capable of transmitting and receiving electric waves at a plurality of frequencies. The antenna element includes two antennas having at least a feeder portion and an open portion, and current is fed to each feeder portion. The antenna module includes at least an antenna and a mounting body in which the antenna is mounted, and current is fed to each feeder portion. The electronic equipment includes at least the antenna element or antenna module, a signal modulator, a signal demodulator, a controller, a man-machine interface, and a casing.

Abstract: An antenna arrangement, and a method associated with such arrangement, including at least two antennas for providing radio coverage to a plurality of user equipment in a predetermined area of a mobile communications network. The at least two different antennas are arranged to have different vertical properties to thereby provide different radio coverage in the predetermined area. There is provided a plurality of frequencies for use in the predetermined area. The arrangement includes adjusting means for dynamically adjusting the transmission properties of at least one of the antennas based on the distribution of users within the cell and the frequency requirements for users within the cell. The arrangement further includes allocating means for dynamically allocating each user equipment to at least one group based on link characteristics of the user equipment.

Abstract: An access point antenna for a wireless local area network (WLAN) includes a combiner network with a feed point, a ground plane adjacent the combiner network, and a dielectric substrate adjacent the ground plane. Conductive paths are on the dielectric substrate and are coupled to the feed point. Active antenna elements extend from the dielectric substrate. Each active antenna element is coupled to a respective conductive path and is equally spaced from a common area on the dielectric substrate. A passive director antenna element extends from the dielectric substrate and is coupled to the ground plane adjacent the common area.

Abstract: The dual-polarization, slot-mode antenna includes an array of dual-polarization, slot-mode, antenna units carried by a substrate, with each dual-polarization, slot-mode antenna unit having at least four patch antenna elements arranged in spaced apart relation about a central feed position. Adjacent patch antenna elements of adjacent dual-polarization, slot-mode antenna units include respective spaced apart edge portions having predetermined shapes and relative positioning to provide increased capacitive coupling therebetween. The respective spaced apart edge portions may be continuously or periodically interdigitated to provide the increased capacitive coupling therebetween.

Abstract: An antenna assembly includes a common reflector and multiple monopole type antenna elements positioned on a ground plane and fed with a switch assembly. The switch assembly is capable of feeding individual antennas as well as combining multiple antennas for improved radiation pattern coverage. Multiple antenna elements are placed around the common reflector to cover sectors of space around the antenna assembly to provide transmission and reception of radio frequency (RF) signals for mobile communication devices in a wireless network. The ground plane can be grounded or capacitively coupled to an existing circuit board or metal surface, allowing for reduced ground plane dimensions.

Abstract: An antenna array coacts with a ground plane for radiation. Calibration of the array is accomplished with the aid of one or more extensible calibration antenna elements, such as monopole antenna elements. Each calibration monopole is ordinarily retracted below the ground plane and is not “energized.” When calibration is desired, it is extended to protrude above the ground plane so as to achieve mutual coupling with one or more of the elements of the array antenna. Calibration signals may be passed in either direction. The calibration antenna may be extended/retracted by vacuum, mechanical device, or electrical motor.

Abstract: A radio receiver system having a plurality of receiving antennas and a plurality of receivers is described in which antenna signals of a multiplicity of the plurality of receiving antennas are fed to each of the plurality of receivers. The plurality of receiving antennas may be interconnected to the plurality of receivers more flexibly as a function of the desired reception strategy. In addition, the functionality of the entire system may also be maintained in the event of a defect or failure of one or more receiving antennas.

Abstract: A phased array antenna module for use in the gigahertz bandwidth. The module includes a metallic core with a pair of chip carrier assemblies secured to opposite sides of the core. The core has an internal waveguide with a signal splitter for directing electromagnetic wave energy evenly to the two chip carrier assemblies. A flexible, cylindrical connector assembly electrically couples the chip carrier assemblies to an aperture board. The aperture board includes a plurality of dipole antenna radiating elements. The module core is coupled directly to a cold plate. A direct thermal path is created between the chip carrier assemblies, the module core and the cold plate for highly efficient cooling of the electronic components on the chip carrier assemblies.

Abstract: A transmit and receiving system including a first array including at least one antenna element disposed to provide a transmit antenna. The system further includes a second array having a second different plurality of antenna elements disposed to provide a receive antenna. The first array is coupled to a switching system, which is operative to selectively form at least one transmit beam. The second array is coupled to a beam combining system, which is operative to selectively form a plurality of receive beams.

Abstract: An apparatus and method in which a base station transmitter transmits the common beam to all mobile stations in a base station via an antenna array having at least two antennas, and forms a traffic beam according to a position of each mobile station. The base station transmitter determines a weight vector of the traffic beam based on a position of each mobile station. The base station transmitter calculates a common beam weight vector for all angles in order to minimize a difference between a power of a signal received at the mobile station through the antenna array and a template function of the antenna arrayat all angels; calculates a traffic beam weight vector in order to minimize a reception power difference between a traffic beam to be transmitted to a position of the mobile station and the common beam, based on the calculated common beam weight vector; multiplies the calculated traffic beam weight vector by a signal to be output to the antenna array; and transmits the traffic beam to the mobile station.

Abstract: An apparatus and methods for operating a frequency selective surface are disclosed. The apparatus can be tuned to an on/off state or transmit/reflect electromagnetic energy in any frequency. The methods disclosed teach how to tune the frequency selective surface to an on/off state or transmit/reflect electromagnetic energy in any frequency.

Abstract: An integrated circuit ground system includes an integrated circuit (IC) ground connection, first and second IC package pins, first and second printed circuit board (PCB) pads, a PCB ground connection, and a resonant circuit. The IC ground connection is fabricated on a substrate of an integrated circuit. The first IC package pin is operably coupled to the IC ground connection via a first bond wire. The second IC package pin is operably coupled to the IC ground connection via a second bond wire. The second PCB pad is operably coupled to the second IC package pin to provide a low impedance DC ground connection for the integrated circuit to the printed circuit board. The resonant circuit is operably coupling the first IC package pin to the first PCB pad, wherein the resonant circuit is tuned to resonant with the first bond wire at high frequency range to provide a low impedance AC ground connection for the integrated circuit to the printed circuit board within the high frequency range.

Abstract: An antenna system for ground penetrating radar, comprising at least two orthogonally mounted transmitter antenna elements (1, 2) and at least two orthogonally mounted receiver antenna elements (3, 4), in which the antenna elements consist of triangular monopoles formed by adding metal surfaces to a plate carrier (6), made of fiberglass substrate, that is mounted on the bottom side of a layer of radar absorbing material (7), wherein the upper side of the absorber is covered by a metallic ground plane (8).

Abstract: An array of electrically conductive waveguides is made by a method including defining slots in broad surfaces of planar dielectric slabs. The surfaces of the slabs, including slots, are metallized. The broad sides of the slabs are juxtaposed, with the slots registered with the planar surfaces of another slab, to form one or more closed waveguides. Heat pipes are made by defining apertures within the dielectric slabs, and introducing wick material into the apertures.