Abstract: The present invention relates to a communication technique which fuses a 5G communication system with IoT technology to support higher data transmission rates after a 4G system, and system thereof. In addition, the present invention provides an antenna assembly which comprises: an antenna array which includes at least one antenna; a film layer which is made of at least one insulating material, spaced apart from the antenna array by a predetermined first distance and joined to one side of a window; and an installation aid which has a surface fixed and attached to the window and the other surface on which an antenna array seating portion is formed.

Abstract: A Fresnel phase lens for a 5G antenna is described herein. The Fresnel phase lens includes a glass-ceramic material having a first major surface and a second major surface. The first major surface and the second major surface define a thickness therebetween, and the first major surface defines a plane. The glass-ceramic material includes a first plurality rings having first ring surfaces in the plane and a second plurality of rings having second ring surfaces at a first depth into the thickness and below the plane. The glass ceramic material is transparent to electromagnetic radiation having a frequency of from 20 GHz to 100 GHz.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to: a communication technique for converging an IoT technology with a 5G communication system for supporting a higher data transmission rate beyond a 4G system; and a system therefor. Specifically, the present invention provides a glass structure comprising: a glass formed to be permeable to radio waves; and a lens disposed on one side of the glass so as to change the incident angle of radio waves incident to the one side of the glass.

Abstract: An assembly formed by additive manufacturing comprises a top face sheet, a bottom face sheet, and a core structure between the top face sheet and the bottom face sheet, the core structure comprising a plurality of cells, wherein structural elements of the core structure defining the plurality of cells exhibit at least one electrical property in at least one direction varying from at least one electrical property in a second, different direction and at least one structural property in at least one direction varying from at least one structural property in a second, different direction, wherein at least a portion of the structural elements comprises a radar absorbing structure, the structural elements comprising a matrix material and at least one additive dispersed in or on the matrix material. Related radar absorbing structures and related methods of fabricating the radar absorbing structures are also disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a plurality of layers of conductive elements and a substrate layer. A first of the layers of conductive elements has a first portion that includes conductive elements having a first structure different from a second structure of conductive elements in a second portion of the first layer. The first layer can be in contact with one side of the substrate layer. Conductive elements in a second of the layers of conductive elements can be in contact with another side of the substrate layer. The lens may include a first type of unit cell including at least one conductive element having the first structure and conductive elements having the second structure positioned on different sides of the substrate layer. The first type of unit cell may provide a capacitively-loaded bandpass filter response, and a second type of unit cell may provide a bandpass filter response.

Abstract: The invention concerns a manufacturing method of a new type of dielectric material having a predefined variable permittivity resulting from the manufacturing process. Main characteristic of the manufacturing method is that in a first step homogeneous dielectric material (100) is shaped in at least a direction and subsequently at least a part thereof is formed so that the resulting dielectric material body (102) has the predefined variation in permittivity in said at least one direction. Said forming step may advantageously comprise sub-steps of deforming at least a part of the shaped dielectric material body and fixing the so deformed dielectric material body. The manufacturing steps are adapted so to induce a predefined variation in permittivity corresponding but not limited to a certain law (e.g. Luneburg, Maxwell, . . . ).

Abstract: A communication system including an antenna array with feed network coupled to communication electronics. In one example, a communication subsystem comprises a plurality of antennas each adapted to receive an information signal and a plurality of orthomode transducers coupled to corresponding ones of the plurality of antennas, each OMT is adapted to provide at a first component signal having a first polarization and a second component signal having a second polarization. The communication subsystem also comprises a feed network that receives the first component signal and the second component signal from each orthomode transducer and provides a first summed component signal at a first feed port and a second summed component signal at a second feed port, and a phase correction device coupled to the first and second feed ports and adapted to phase match the first summed component signal with the second summed component signal.

Abstract: A wireless access point is provided for transmitting radio signals that has isolators positioned about the perimeter of the wireless access point dividing the perimeter of the wireless access point into segments and reflector plates positioned within each segment for directing the transmission of the radio signals within each segment.

Abstract: A composite polarizer including a first polarizer having a plurality of parallel metal vanes and a second polarizer having a plurality of parallel layers of dielectric material is provided. The first polarizer is disposed on an axis, and has a phase advance orientation orthogonal to the axis. The second polarizer is disposed on the axis and has a phase advance orientation orthogonal to the axis. The first polarizer has a first differential phase shift for a first frequency f1 and a second differential phase shift for a second frequency f2. The second polarizer has a first differential phase shift for the first frequency f1 and a second differential phase shift for the second frequency f2. A total of the first differential phase shifts of the first and second polarizers is about 90°, and a total of the second differential phase shifts of the first and second polarizers is about 90°.

Abstract: An air-supported sandwich radome with a hemispherical top region and a prolate region has a high strength, RF transmissive, low dielectric flexible wall. There is a defined region where damaging RF radiation is reflected. At least in the defined region, a flexible high strength, RF transmissive low dielectric layer is added and there is a low dielectric gap between the wall and the layer providing a 180° phase delay between RF energy reflected off the wall and RF energy reflected off the layer to cancel the effect of said reflected RF energy on radar equipment housed by the radome.

Abstract: System and method for improving the interference resistance of an radio frequency (RF) antenna system through passive prescreening of the RF energy incident upon the antenna. The invention physically partitions the RF environment into two or more sectors with respect to the direction of arrival of incident energy. The power level of the RF frequencies of interest incident upon each sector is determined such that whenever the power level exceeds a given threshold, the received signal from energy incident on that sector is modified.

Abstract: Apparatus, methods, and systems provide electromagnetic compression. In some approaches the electromagnetic compression is achieved with metamaterials. In some approaches the electromagnetic compression defines an electromagnetic distance between first and second locations substantially greater than a physical distance between the first and second locations, and the first and second locations may be occupied by first and second structures (such as antennas) having an inter-structure coupling (such as a near-field coupling) that is a function of the electromagnetic distance. In some approaches the electromagnetic compression reduces the spatial extent of an antenna near field.

Abstract: A directional warning system and a method of warning of friendly forces. In one embodiment, the system includes: (1) a conductive shield having an opening at an end thereof and a radio frequency absorptive material located on an inner surface thereof, (2) a Luneberg lens located within the conductive shield and (3) a plurality of feed horns located proximate a portion of the Luneberg lens that is distal from the opening and arranged relative thereto based on a zone-of-interest with which the directional warning system may be associated.

Abstract: A reflective Fresnel lens for shaping an incident wave for efficiently delivering the incident wave to an array of receivers, having a wavelength within a predetermined range. The Fresnel lens comprises a ground plate and a plurality of reflective elements formed at various levels of the ground plate. The predetermined range includes millimeter wavelength range, sub-millimeter wavelength range or microwave wavelength range.

Abstract: System and method for improving the interference resistance of an radio frequency (RF) antenna system through passive prescreening of the RF energy incident upon the antenna. The invention physically partitions the RF environment into two or more sectors with respect to the direction of arrival of incident energy. The power level of the RF frequencies of interest incident upon each sector is determined such that whenever the power level exceeds a given threshold, the received signal from energy incident on that sector is modified.

Abstract: A reconfigurable antenna is presented that uses MEMs shutters to reconfigure a Fresnel zone plate antenna. It can be used to either point a main beam in different directions or to point multiple beams in different directions.

Abstract: System and method for improving the interference resistance of an radio frequency (RF) antenna system through passive prescreening of the RF energy incident upon the antenna. The invention physically partitions the RF environment into two or more sectors with respect to the direction of arrival of incident energy. The power level of the RF frequencies of interest incident upon each sector is determined such that whenever the power level exceeds a given threshold, the received signal from energy incident on that sector is modified.

Abstract: A circularly polarized antenna system having improved axial ratio is disclosed. The antenna system comprises a circularly-polarized antenna, and a high-impedance buffer surface, surrounding the circularly polarized antenna, and disposed between the circularly polarized antenna and a ground plane. The width of the high-impedance buffer surface between the circularly-polarized antenna and the ground plane is selected to achieve an H-plane radiation pattern substantially identical to an E-plane radiation pattern over a desired scan angle.

Abstract: An adaptive antenna system (20) includes a programmable reflection surface (22), a controller (24) in communication wit the programmable reflection surface (22), and a feeder element (26) outwardly spaced from a receiving side (28) of the programmable reflection surface (22). The controller (24) is operable to write a pattern (34) of reflective (36) and absorptive (42) regions into the programmable reflection surface (22) in accordance with a frequency and a direction of a received or transmitted electromagnetic wave (32). The controller (24) is further operable to write patterns (68, 80) into the programmable reflection surface (22) to dynamically adjust adaptive antenna system (20) to changing frequencies and directions of transmitted and received electromagnetic waves.

Abstract: System and method for improving the interference resistance of an radio frequency (RF) antenna system through passive prescreening of the RF energy incident upon the antenna. The invention physically partitions the RF environment into two or more sectors with respect to the direction of arrival of incident energy. The power level of the RF frequencies of interest incident upon each sector is determined such that whenever the power level exceeds a given threshold, the received signal from energy incident on that sector is modified.

Abstract: An improved plasma controlled millimeter wave (MMW) or microwave (&mgr;W) antenna is provided. A plasma of electrons and holes is photo-injected into a photoconducting wafer. A special distribution of plasma and a MMW/&mgr;W reflecting surface behind the wafer allows the antenna to be generated at low light intensities and a 180° phase shift (modulo 360°) to be applied to selected MMWs/&mgr;Ws.

Abstract: The performance of a microwave antenna is improved by incorporating a fine wire dielectric material which has a dielectric constant ∈ of less than unity at microwave frequencies. The effect of the dielectric material is to refract microwaves so that the antenna appears to have a larger aperture than that of its physical size. Furthermore, by selecting the transmission cut off frequency of the dielectric material, two antenna elements which are intended to operate within different frequency bands can be mounted one behind the other.

Abstract: An electromagnetic wave radar device mounted on a car, which helps improve external appearance of a car without impairing radar function, and is fabricated using a decreased number of parts at a reduced cost. The electromagnetic wave radar device comprises an electromagnetic wave radar body 1 mounted on a car 2 and for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves of a predetermined frequency, and a radome portion made of a material which permits the electromagnetic waves to transmit through and covers the electromagnetic radar body, the electromagnetic wave radar body being disposed on the side of the back surface 30A of the bumper 30 of the car, and the radome portion being formed by a portion of the bumper of the car.

Abstract: A microwave device operating at a selected frequency band or group of selected frequency bands of interest includes a resonant bulk material having one or more conductivity bandwidths corresponding to the selected frequency band or group of selected frequency bands of interest. The resonant bulk material exhibits conductive properties at a frequency or frequencies within the one or more conductivity bandwidths and non-conductive properties at all other frequencies, and includes a narrowband metal material having a Lorentz resonance frequency or frequencies within the selected frequency band or group of selected frequency bands of interest.

Abstract: An antenna device of simple structure and high performance which is capable of lessening a reduction of a converging efficiency of radio wave due to a window glass sheet or the like to which the antenna device is fitted, and capable of obtaining a high converging efficiency to a received radio wave. The antenna device comprises a fitted member 5 having transparency, a converging member 1 for converging a radio wave, a space between the fitted member 5 and the converging member 1, and a receiving portion for receiving the radio wave converged by the converging member 1 or a transmitting portion for radiating a radio wave to the converging member 1 wherein in a case that a receive power value is changed so as to take alternately a bottom value and a peak value depending on a change of the thickness of the space, the thickness of the space is adjusted so that the received power value does not take a value in the vicinity of bottom values.

Abstract: A polarization converting surface for reflecting impinging radio frequency waves. The surface includes a ground plane and a plurality of elements disposed in an array a distance from the ground plane. Each element is preferably connected to the ground plane by a conductor, the array of elements having two major axes associated therewith. The elements have a first bandwidth corresponding to a first range of frequencies were a first reflection phase falls between −&pgr;/2 and +&pgr;/2 in a first one of said two major axes and a second bandwidth corresponding to a second range of frequencies were a second reflection phase falls between −&pgr;/2 and +&pgr;/2 in a second one of said two major axes. The first and second bandwidths partially overlap and preferably an upper half of one of the bandwidths overlies a lower half of the other one of the bandwidths.

Abstract: System and method for improving the interference resistance of an radio frequency (RF) antenna system through passive prescreening of the RF energy incident upon the antenna. The invention physically partitions the RF environment into two or more sectors with respect to the direction of arrival of incident energy. The power level of the RF frequencies of interest incident upon each sector is determined such that whenever the power level exceeds a given threshold, the received signal from energy incident on that sector is modified.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for changing the polarization of an incident electromagnetic wave. Existing devices to change the polarization of an incident electromagnetic wave preserve signal decoupling, i.e., the relation between useful polarization and cross-polarization of the incoming signal. Furthermore, known prior art devices are far too big for many applications. The aim of the inventive device is to improve signal decoupling. During transmission of an electromagnetic wave through the transmission polarizer, the cross-coupled fraction of an incoming signal is greatly reflected thus leading to improved decoupling of the transmitted signal. Furthermore, the transmission polarizer can be manufactured in the form of a single planar printed board. The transmission polarizer is particularly useful to change the polarization of an incident electromagnetic wave, i.e.

Abstract: A multi-pattern antenna for providing a plurality of antenna patterns at different frequencies or polarizations from a single reflector body eliminates the need for multiple reflector antennas on a single spacecraft. The reflector antenna comprises a reflector body and an illumination source. The illumination source illuminates the reflector with a plurality of RF signals each of a preselected frequency or polarization. The reflector comprises a plurality of zones with each zone reflecting preselected RF signals. A plurality of antenna patterns are generated from the reflected RF signals. Each zone is sized to a preselected shape such that the antenna patterns have a desired shape or beamwidth characteristic.

Abstract: An antenna lens, in particular for a motor vehicle radar system, has in a plane perpendicular to the optical axis of the antenna lens at least a first and a second lens region, the lens regions being configured such that electromagnetic waves are concentrated or scattered in a first manner upon passage through the first lens region and in a second manner upon passage through the second lens region. The lens regions have different polarization-dependent permeabilities for electromagnetic waves. A motor vehicle radar system having an antenna lens of this kind is also described.

Abstract: The invention relates to a microwave antenna for the generation of a beam with adjustable parameters. Use is made of a reflective Fresnel zone plate that is written into a thin layer of silicon by means of a laser plus deflection means. A reflector is positioned behind the Fresnel zone plate for reflecting microwave radiation that is not reflected by the Fresnel zone plate.

Abstract: A radar lens 14 is made from a conventional Fresnel lens 10, but replaces the conventional curved surface 32 with a stepped approximation thereto 22, 24, 26, preferably of three steps. The thickness of the stepped lens 14, at each step, is a half-wavelength or a multiple half-wavelength of the radar operating frequency in the medium of the lens 14. The half-wavelength or multiple half-wavelength separation of the steps 22, 24, 26 causes reflections from the front 16 and rear 18 surfaces to cancel, thereby minimizing the (undesirable) standing wave between the lens 14 and the feed horn or feed horns 46, 48, 50. This avoids the necessity of reducing the standing wave by presenting the curved or stepped side 18 forward. The planar side 16 of the lens 14 (unlike the stepped side 18) doesn't need to be protected from road debris. The lens 14 can therefore be molded as an integral unit of a radome, desirable in the automotive setting.

Abstract: The invention relates to a microwave antenna for the generation of a beam with adjustable parameters. Use is made of a reflective Fresnel zone plate that is written into a thin layer of silicon by means of a laser plus deflection means. A reflector is positioned behind the Fresnel zone plate for reflecting microwave radiation that is not reflected by the Fresnel zone plate.

Abstract: A zone plate focusing radiation comprises a plurality of surface portions (20a, 20b, 20c, 20d, 30) corresponding to zones of the zone plate. The surface portions are positioned in a plurality P of parallel planes such that each surface portion diffracts radiation out of phase with respect to adjacent surface portions such that radiation diffracted by the surface portion constructively interferes at a focus of the zone plate. The p.sup.th plane is dielectrically spaced from the first plane by n.lambda., where .lambda. is the wavelength of the radiation and n is an integer.

Abstract: A circuit element for microwave and millimeter-wave bands and a method of producing the same. A dielectric line is made of a pure dielectric resin. A high-frequency wave absorbing member is made of a pure dielectric resin containing at least one of first, second and third powders dispersed therein. The first powder having a high specific inductive capacity, the second powder having a high magnetic permeability, and the third powder having a high specific resistance. A compression molding technique is used to fusion bond the high-frequency wave absorbing member to the dielectric line.

Abstract: The Space Lattice Passive Repeater redirects radio waves in two directions, directly opposite to each other, and both perpendicular to the original path of radio wave propagation. The redirected radio waves, in the perpendicular paths, are polarized differently, by ninety degrees, from the original radio wave. The device is composed of an array of thin, stacked, metallic, plates, insulated from each other, whose vertical spacing, between the plates, is computed from the operating wavelength, the ratio of the moist adiabatic lapse rate to the dry adiabatic lapse rate, Bragg's Law, and its' derivatives.

Abstract: A zone plate for focusing microwave energy is provided comprising a plurality of reflective portions corresponding to zones of the zone plate, each reflective portion reflecting energy .lambda./P out of phase with respect to adjacent reflective portions, where .lambda. is the wavelength of the energy. The reflective portions are positioned in P parallel planes mounted on low dielectric loss sheets and separated by a distance of .lambda./2P such that energy reflected from the reflective portions constructively interfere at a focus of the zone plate.

Abstract: The present invention concerns an electrically thin microwave phasing structure for electromagnetically emulating a desired reflective surface of selected geometry over an operating frequency band. The microwave phasing structure comprises a support matrix and a reflective means for reflecting microwaves within the frequency operating band. The reflective means is supported by the support matrix. An arrangement of electromagnetically-loading structures is supported by the support matrix at a distance from the reflective means which can be less than a fraction of the wavelength of the highest frequency in the operating frequency range. The electromagnetically-loading structures are dimensioned, oriented, and interspaced from each other and disposed at a distance from the reflective means, as to provide the emulation of the desired reflective surface of selected geometry.

Abstract: A radome-lens comprises a shell of dielectric material having an outer surface in the form of a small circle defined by a sphere and a plane intersecting the sphere, an opening at one end of the shell for reception of an antenna therein, the surface having a central axis which is normal to the plane and extends through the center of the sphere, and an inner surface having a spherical portion centered at a second center disposed along the axis adjacent the first mentioned center but spaced toward the outer surface. When so constructed, the invention functions as a radome in the sense that it houses and protects an antenna in the usual manner and also functions as a lens in the sense that it amplifies the scan angle of the antenna from an angle of less than 90.degree. to 90.degree. or more.

Abstract: The radiation pattern of a beam at elevation angles near the horizon is improved for phased array antennas by control of the radiation field intensity near the horizon to reduce multipath disturbances, and to improve the axial ratio of a circularly polarized phased array antenna. This is accomplished by placing a parasitic phase shifting element directly below the antenna beam axis. The waveguide section is designed to produce a phase shift in the portion of antenna radiation energy passing through it to cancel some of the radiation energy in the direction of the horizon. The spacing of the waveguide section in front of the antenna is determined empirically for optimum results, i.e., for reduction of beam power below about 20.degree. without affecting beam power at high elevation angles.

Abstract: A two reflector microwave antenna has a concave focusing main dish having an integral peripheral flange. An integral radome shell also having a peripheral flange is disposed in confronting relationship to the main dish flange. Mounted over both flanges is a clamping ring to keep the main dish and radome shell in a stress condition of fixed edge shells. A secondary reflector is provided on a central portion of the radome. The concave focusing main dish in one example, defines a paraboloid of revolution. Specific shapes of the main dish and the radome shell are selected to appropriately focus the microwave radiation. A radome portion of a variable thickness of dielectric material of the integral radome shell modify the path of microwave energy compensating for diffraction of induced edge spillover. The stress condition of the shells as maintained by the clamp about the flanges provides a structually rigid antenna substantially void of structural elements.

Abstract: A microwave lens is constructed of a homogeneous body of closed cell rigid polyurethane foam with aluminum flakes dispursed throughout and having a configuration defining an axis and opposed lens surfaces. The method of the invention includes selecting a mold having a cavity of the appropriate configuration, preheating the mold, and filling the mold with a mixture of low density polyurethane foam components and fine aluminum flakes evenly dispersed throughout the foam structure allowing the mixture to cool and form a body of the appropriate configuration.

Abstract: Increased bandwidth in a waveguide lens antenna is achieved by altering the geometry of the stepped antenna guide plates in a manner that causes the net contribution of the antenna phase dispersion sources to result in zero average aperture phase error. Design equations are included for the fabrication of waveguide lens antenna having any desired degree of phase compensation. In principle, the plate geometry is configured to effect a given relationship between the components of phase error due to guide plate dispersion and the component of phase error due to the guide plate steps. When these components are equal and opposite zero average aperture phase error (maximum bandwidth operation) is achieved.