Abstract: A holographic antenna comprises an optically transparent substrate; a hologram arranged on a first surface of the substrate, the hologram comprising two or more hologram stripes, each having a plurality of linearly arranged hologram pixels, each comprising a switching component; a ground plane arranged on a second surface, opposite the first surface, of the substrate; one or more surface wave launchers arranged on or in a surface of the substrate, the one or more surface wave launchers being configured to feed a feeding signal in a frequency range above 50 GHz into the hologram; and control lines connected to the switching components of the hologram pixels for controlling the hologram pixels individually or in groups.

Abstract: The radome (10) for vehicles comprises a substrate (18) formed of a radio transmissive resin, the substrate (18) having a proximal face and a distal face and a decoration layer (20) applied to the proximal face, the decoration layer (20) comprising a metalloid or a metalloid alloy deposited on the surface of the proximal face, wherein said metalloid or metalloid alloy is combined with at least one oxide. It improves the metalloid decoration layer adhesion on the substrate and its corrosion resistance.

Abstract: An electromagnetic wave transmissive cover includes: a base made of a dielectric material and having transmissiveness to electromagnetic waves; and a reflection hindering layer laminated on at least one of two surfaces of the base in a travel direction of the electromagnetic waves, made of a dielectric material, having transmissiveness to the electromagnetic waves, and hindering reflection of the electromagnetic waves. A wavelength of each electromagnetic wave in the reflection hindering layer is referred to as ?2 and 2?/?2 is set as a phase constant ?2. An amount of deviation between a phase of a reflected wave reflected on the front interface of the reflection hindering layer in the travel direction and a phase of a reflected wave reflected on the rear interface is referred to as a phase deviation amount ?. Thickness L2 of the reflection hindering layer is set to ?/?2.

Abstract: [Object] To make it possible to more stably perform communication. There is provided a communication control device including a communication status grasping unit configured to grasp a communication status of wireless communication of image information between an image shooting device and a surgical site image information acquiring unit on the basis of an operating room image showing a situation of an operating room, the image shooting device capturing an image of a surgical site of a patient, the surgical site image information acquiring unit acquiring information on a surgical site image captured by the image shooting device for display control of the surgical site image; and a communication method deciding unit configured to decide a communication method between the image shooting device and the surgical site image information acquiring unit on the basis of the grasped communication status.

Abstract: In accordance with one or more embodiments, a communication device includes a dielectric antenna having a longitudinal axis, a feed point and an aperture. A cable comprising a core is coupled to the feed point of the dielectric antenna. A transmitter, coupled to the cable, facilitates a transmission of first electromagnetic waves to the feed point of the dielectric antenna, the first electromagnetic waves guided by the core. The first electromagnetic waves propagate along the core without requiring an electrical return path, and the first electromagnetic waves generate free-space wireless signals from the aperture of the antenna in accordance with a hollow-boresight antenna beam pattern.

Abstract: In accordance with one or more embodiments, a communication device includes a dielectric antenna having a longitudinal axis, a feed point and an aperture. A cable comprising a core is coupled to the feed point of the dielectric antenna. A transmitter, coupled to the cable, facilitates a transmission of first electromagnetic waves to the feed point of the dielectric antenna, the first electromagnetic waves guided by the core. The first electromagnetic waves propagate along the core without requiring an electrical return path, and the first electromagnetic waves generate free-space wireless signals from the aperture of the antenna in accordance with a hollow-boresight antenna beam pattern.

Abstract: Sealing portions of an orthomode transducer or another antenna component is accomplished by forming first and second receptacles or channels in one half or portion of the transducer and inserting first and second type of compressible sealing components into the receptacles. Upon attaching additional portions of the transducer the compressible sealing components may be compressed, but the compression is limited to an amount within a compression range to maintain a seal.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved antenna device, characterized by the following additional features:—that each functional unit (21) can communicate bidirectionally with the remote control unit (RC) by means of the communication bus (23),—the configuration, the controller, and/or the querying of one or more functional units (21) of the at least one emitter device takes place over the entire communications bus (23),—the communication to the remote control unit (RC) is handled by each addressed functional unit (21), and—an internal communications bus (25) is provided for exchanging information and/or action states between the functional units (21) connected in the at least one emitter device.

Abstract: A radar system (100) is described including a transmitting assembly (10), a receiving assembly (20), a control unit (30) and a signal processing unit (40). The transmitting assembly (10) receives an input signal (31) and transmits an incident radar signal (2). The transmitting assembly (10) includes a Rotman lens (12) having a lens cavity (74), a plurality of beam ports (60), a plurality of array ports (62) and a patch antenna assembly (14). The lens cavity (74) has a lens gap (h) between 10 microns to 120 microns, and preferably 40 microns to 60 microns. The patch antenna assembly (14) includes a plurality of antenna arrays (130) operable to receive a plurality of time-delayed, in-phase signals from the Rotman lens (12) and to transmit the incident radar signal (2) towards a target (4). The receiving assembly (20) receives a reflected radar signal (6) and produces an output signal.

Abstract: An antenna having a transformer exchangeable in accordance with tilting angle adjustment rate is disclosed. The antenna includes a phase shifter, a tilting adjustment apparatus and a transformer configured to move linearly in response to a force provided from the tilting adjustment apparatus, and deliver a force corresponding to the moving to the phase shifter.

Abstract: A plurality of second conductors (200) are opposite to a first conductor (100), and are repeatedly, for example, periodically arranged. Third conductors (410) are provided at a position opposite to each of the plurality of second conductors (200). A variable dielectric constant layer is formed of a variable dielectric constant material of which the dielectric constant varies with a voltage, for example, a liquid crystal, and is provided at least one of between the plurality of second conductors (200) and the plurality of third conductors (410) and between the plurality of second conductors (200) and the first conductor (100). A fourth conductor (300) is connected to a first one of the second conductors (200) and a second one of the second conductors (200) located next thereto through a via (500). The fourth conductor (300) is opposite to the second conductor (200), and thus forms a transmission line using the second conductor (200) as a return path.

Abstract: A Luneburg lens is used in conjunction with a patch antenna array. The patch antenna array is conformed or adapted to cover a portion or backside of the Luneburg len's surface with the backplane of the conformed antenna array defining a field of regard (FOR) in which objects are detected and tracked. A processor is connected to a receiver/exciter module which connects to transmit/receive modules which are connected to the individual patch antennas through a network of MEMS switches. In a receive mode, selected subarrays of the conformed patch antenna array are scanned during selected time intervals with the sum and delta beams being formed coherently in amplitude and phase to realize amplitude monopulse sensing and angle tracking of an object.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising a first substrate, a second substrate, and one or more embedded devices. A lower surface of the first substrate generally has disposed thereon a plurality of first lines comprising a thin-film conductive material. An upper surface of the second substrate generally has disposed thereon a plurality of second lines comprising the thin-film conductive material. The plurality of second lines is generally arranged orthogonally to the plurality of first lines. The lower surface of first substrate generally faces the upper surface of the second substrate and the substrates are generally separated by a predefined distance. The one or more embedded devices are generally coupled between one or more of the first lines and one or more of the second lines. The embedded devices are generally configured to temporarily electrically connect the respective lines to form a radiating structure during an RF operation.

Abstract: Sealing portions of an orthomode transducer or another antenna component is accomplished by forming first and second receptacles or channels in one half or portion of the transducer and inserting first and second type of compressible sealing components into the receptacles. Upon attaching additional portions of the transducer the compressible sealing components may be compressed, but the compression is limited to an amount within a compression range to maintain a seal.

Abstract: A transmitter supporting multiple-input, multiple-output communications is provided. The transmitter includes a signal processor, a plurality of feed elements, and an aperture. The signal processor is configured to simultaneously receive a plurality of digital data streams and to transform the received plurality of digital data streams into a plurality of analog signals. The number of the plurality of digital data streams is selected for transmission to a single receive antenna based on a determined transmission environment. The plurality of feed elements are configured to receive the plurality of analog signals, and in response, to radiate a plurality of radio waves toward the aperture. The aperture is configured to receive the radiated plurality of radio waves, and in response, to radiate a second plurality of radio waves toward the single receive antenna.

Abstract: A radome not having a sandwich structure but having a canape structure is formed with an object to obtain a radome of a canape structure having a satisfactory radio property, and moreover, an excellent mechanical strength by providing a matching layer to a skin layer on an interior side of a radome. The skin layer is formed of layered glass fiber cloths and resin impregnated therein. The layered glass fiber cloths can be replaced with glass fiber mats. For the matching layer, a foamed material, such as a urethane material having a low permittivity, or a core material having a resin impregnating property can be used. A radome of a canape structure can be obtained with the skin layer and the matching layer.

Abstract: Composite material, devices incorporating the composite material and methods of forming the composite material are provided. The composite material includes interstitial material that has at least one of a select relative permittivity property value and a select relative permeability property value. The composite material further includes inclusion material within the interstitial material. The inclusion material has at least one of a select relative permeability property value and a select relative permittivity property value. The select relative permeability and permittivity property values of the interstitial and the inclusion materials are selected so that the effective intrinsic impedance of the interstitial and the inclusion material match the intrinsic impedance of air. Devices made from the composite include metamaterial and/or metamaterial-inspired (e.g. near-field LC-type parasitic) substrates and/or lenses, front-end protection, stealth absorbers, filters and mixers.

Abstract: Multipath reception by an antenna is reduced by mounting the antenna on a semi-transparent ground plane that has a controlled distribution of layer impedance over a central region and a peripheral region. The central region includes a continuous conductive segment on which the ground element of the antenna is disposed. The distribution of the layer impedance over the peripheral region is configured by multiple conductive segments electromagnetically coupled by lumped circuit elements. A semi-transparent ground plane can be fabricated by depositing a metal film on a dielectric substrate and etching grooves into the metal film to form a desired pattern of conductive segments. Lumped circuit elements can be fabricated as discrete devices, surface mount devices, and integrated circuit devices. Various semi-transparent ground planes can be configured for linearly-polarized and circularly-polarized radiation.

Abstract: Provided is an antenna device, having a small and simple configuration, which reduces connection resistance in connections between a film antenna element and a power feeding unit. An antenna device comprises a nonconductive transparent film, which is an insulating substrate having a prescribed optical transmission factor, an antenna element that is formed, upon the transparent film, from transparent conductive material, which is a conductive material having a prescribed optical transmission factor, and a non-transparent conductive power feeding wire. The transparent film and the transparent conductive material are doubled over and pressed upon a portion of one side of the antenna element, which forms a square dipole antenna, such that the transparent conductive material is on the inside, and the power feeding wire is sandwiched therein. By being doubled over, the transparent conductive material has an overlap portion, the two sides whereof electrically connect to one other.

Abstract: A health monitoring system includes a waveguide that receives a wave transmitted from an external power source and that guides the wave to reach within a width of a rectenna. The waveguide may include a negative refractive index medium and/or a surface plasmon medium.

Abstract: An antenna system having reduced back radiation is disclosed. The antenna system includes an antenna and ground plane. The antenna includes electro-textiles and is configured to operate in at least the frequency range between 1.1-1.6 GHz. The ground plane includes electro-textiles and is configured to operate as a frequency selective surface with electronic band gap characteristics to suppress edge and curved surface diffraction effects. In this system, the antenna and ground plane are configured to be located on a curved surface and to radiate with a directional radiation pattern having attenuated back lobes.

Abstract: Embodiments provide connecting various circuits to which capacitive elements are connected to obtain an optimal capacitive reactance value needed in a resonance. Embodiments provide a capacitance value of an optimal capacitive reactance needed in a resonance by connecting a plurality of capacitive elements to a conductive line connecting an emitter and a ground in series or connecting one or more capacitive elements in parallel/series.

Abstract: The subject disclosure relates to solar energy collection and use in communications systems and to enhancements thereof. In an aspect, dual function antennas are disclosed that can simultaneously function as an antenna and as a solar energy collection system. In further aspects, disclosed embodiments can focus incident solar radiation to increase output voltage of conventional solar cells. Measured and simulated results demonstrate various aspects of the subject disclosure.

Abstract: A radar system includes at least one transmit array comprising a plurality of metamaterial elements. The radar system further includes at least one near-field stimulator for inputting electromagnetic signal to the transmit array so that a sub-wavelength target is illuminated with an electromagnetic wave.

Abstract: A multi-band electronically scanned array antenna including a first sub-assembly having electronic circuits for a first frequency band; a second sub-assembly mechanically coupled to the first sub-assembly and having electronic circuits for a second frequency band; and an aperture adjacent to the first sub-assembly, the aperture being shared by the first sub-assembly and the second sub-assembly. The array antenna may further include a band switching circuit, or a combining circuit for coupling the first sub-assembly or the second sub-assembly to the aperture. The array antenna may also include a third sub-assembly including electronic circuits for a third frequency band. In this way, the aperture is shared by the first sub-assembly, the second sub-assembly, and the third sub-assembly to provide a smaller and lighter array antenna.

Abstract: The invention relates to a dielectric lens useable in both the radio wave band and the light wave band, and a device using this dielectric lens. The device comprises a dielectric lens formed of a transparent dielectric member small in dielectric loss and having an omnidirectional feature with regard to an electromagnetic wave, a transparent dielectric shell that is hollow inside and having the radius that is equal to the focal distance of the dielectric lens, and a holding mechanism for positioning and holding the dielectric shell and the dielectric lens so as to locate the dielectric shell at a position along the focal distance with the dielectric lens included at the inner center of this dielectric shell. The device is provided, at the focal point of the dielectric lens, with a reflector for reflecting an electromagnetic wave or a generator for generating an electromagnetic wave.

Abstract: The present invention provides an artificial microstructure including a first metal wire, a second metal wire parallel to the first metal wire, at least one first metal wire branch and at least one second metal wire branch. The at least one first metal wire branch and the at least one second metal wire branch are distributed in an interlacement arrangement. One end of the at least one first metal wire branch is connected to the first metal wire; the other end is a free end facing towards the second metal wire. One end of the at least one second metal wire branch is connected to the second metal wire, and the other end of the at least one second metal wire is a free end facing towards the first metal wire. The present invention also discloses a metamaterial with the artificial microstructures.

Abstract: An antenna holding device for holding test antennas includes a base, a holding pole, a sleeve unit, and a support pole. The holding pole is perpendicularly mounted on the base. The sleeve unit includes a movable sleeve, and the movable sleeve slidably and rotatably mounted on the holding pole. The support pole is mounted on the sleeve unit for mounting the test antennas.

Abstract: The invention relates to an antenna core, an antenna comprising an antenna core, and to methods for producing an antenna core and an antenna. The antenna core used in each case consists of a continuous soft-magnetic strip having a plurality of layers which are stacked one on top of the other and each of which is formed by a section of the strip. The layers are connected to one another by curved sections of the strip at end regions of the antenna core.

Abstract: A plurality of second conductors (200) are opposite to a first conductor (100), and are repeatedly, for example, periodically arranged. Third conductors (410) are provided at a position opposite to each of the plurality of second conductors (200). A variable dielectric constant layer is formed of a variable dielectric constant material of which the dielectric constant varies with a voltage, for example, a liquid crystal, and is provided at least one of between the plurality of second conductors (200) and the plurality of third conductors (410) and between the plurality of second conductors (200) and the first conductor (100). A fourth conductor (300) is connected to a first one of the second conductors (200) and a second one of the second conductors (200) located next thereto through a via (500). The fourth conductor (300) is opposite to the second conductor (200), and thus forms a transmission line using the second conductor (200) as a return path.

Abstract: Electronic devices may be provided with antenna structures and antenna isolation element structures. An antenna array may be located within an electronic device. The antenna array may have multiple antennas and interposed antenna isolation element structures for isolating the antennas from each other. An antenna isolation element structure may have a dielectric carrier with a longitudinal axis. A sheet of conductive material may extend around the longitudinal axis to form a conductive loop structure. The loop structure in the antenna isolation element may have a gap that spans the sheet of conductive material parallel to the longitudinal axis. Electronic components may bridge the gap. Control circuitry may adjust the electronic components to tune the antenna isolation element.

Abstract: An apparatus for reducing the electromagnetic interference between two or more co-located antennas is described herein. In one embodiment, the apparatus is positioned proximate to a second antenna for intercepting electromagnetic energy radiated from a first antenna during transmission of a signal. To reduce interference at the second antenna, the apparatus includes a plurality of resonant circuit elements, each being configured to resonate at or near a carrier frequency of the transmitted signal for redirecting at least a portion of the electromagnetic energy away from the second antenna. A method for reducing the electromagnetic interference between two or more antennas coupled to a wireless communication device is also disclosed herein.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to building controllers, and more particularly, to antennas for providing wireless communication capabilities in such building controllers. Methods and systems for automated surface mounting of such antennas are also contemplated and disclosed.

Abstract: A tunable impedance surface, the tunable surface including a plurality of elements disposed in a two dimensional array; and an arrangement of variable negative reactance circuits for controllably varying negative reactance between at least selected ones of adjacent elements in the aforementioned two dimensional array.

Abstract: A metamaterial for a radio frequency communications apparatus is disclosed. The metamaterial can comprise a flex circuit and an array of circuit elements mounted on the flex circuit. Each of the circuit elements can comprise a conductive trace and at least one hybrid component electrically coupled to the conductive trace.

Abstract: A low profile antenna array for UWB radar antenna applications is disclosed. It may be used as a mid-range receiving antenna array (RXM) or as a mid-range transmitting antenna array (TXM). In some embodiments, the RXM or the TXM may include a plurality of radiation patch elements formed on a top layer of a printed circuit board (PCB), a distribution feeding network in the mid-layer of the PCB having a patch array, and a serial feeding arrangement from a ?/4 coupling slot to each feeding patch. This antenna may have a desirable large frequency bandwidth with relatively flat antenna gain over a frequency range from 22 GHz to 26.5 GHz. In addition, sidelobe levels for the elevation patterns may be below ?20 dB. Other embodiments are disclosed and claimed.

Abstract: A radome not having a sandwich structure but having a canape structure is formed with an object to obtain a radome of a canape structure having a satisfactory radio property, and moreover, an excellent mechanical strength by providing a matching layer to a skin layer on an interior side of a radome. The skin layer is formed of layered glass fiber cloths and resin impregnated therein. The layered glass fiber cloths can be replaced with glass fiber mats. For the matching layer, a foamed material, such as a urethane material having a low permittivity, or a core material having a resin impregnating property can be used. A radome of a canape structure can be obtained with the skin layer and the matching layer.

Abstract: An array antenna is provided that operates at high-band and low-band, comprising a first array of high-band radiators and a second array of low-band radiators, each respective low-band radiator disposed so as to be interleaved between the high-band radiators so as to share an aperture with the high-band radiators. Each low-band radiator comprises a coaxial section, a dielectric section, a waveguide, and a planar section. The dielectric section is formed of a continuous piece of dielectric material and includes a hollow opening formed perpendicular to the coaxial section, and a plurality of step transitions, wherein at least one of the step transitions is disposed within and partially fills the waveguide operably coupled to the planar section. The planar section is oriented to the portion of high-band radiators such that the output of the respective low-band radiator is disposed between and within the spacing between adjacent high-band-radiators.

Abstract: A dove tail device for adjusting tilting angle of an antenna by rotating an arm member using a motion member which moves linearly is disclosed. The dove tail device in an antenna includes a guide and a motion member configured to move on the guide. Here, the motion member is combined with a rotation arm of a phase shifter, the rotation arm rotates according as the motion member moves on the guide, and an arm member of the phase shifter rotates in response to rotation of the rotation arm.

Abstract: An antenna having a transformer exchangeable in accordance with tilting angle adjustment rate is disclosed. The antenna includes a phase shifter, a tilting adjustment apparatus and a transformer configured to move linearly in response to a force provided from the tilting adjustment apparatus, and deliver a force corresponding to the moving to the phase shifter.

Abstract: A Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna apparatus is provided. The apparatus includes antenna devices that operate in respective resonant frequency bands. The apparatus also includes a main board comprising a device region and a ground region. The antenna devices are disposed on the device region. The ground plate is disposed on the ground region for grounding the antenna devices. The apparatus also includes at least one isolation device having a negatively charged line that protrudes from the ground plate and extends between the antenna devices on the device region, and a positively charged line that extends around the negatively charged line and connects the antenna devices to each other. The isolation device induces an electromagnetic wave that is generated by the antenna devices between the negative and positively charged lines to isolate the antenna devices from each other.

Abstract: A motion sensing method and apparatus includes a housing enclosing a microwave motion sensor including an antenna, and a security system. The antenna may be a patch antenna which includes microwave radiating elements for transmitting and receiving a microwave signal for sensing motion. A reflector is attached to the housing and positioned above the antenna for downward shaping of the microwave signal. The microwave radiating elements together with the reflector provide a radiation pattern where a main beam is transmitted in a direction orthogonal to a surface of the antenna and a sided lobe is transmitted downward in amplitude below the microwave motion sensor. An alarm circuit indicates when the microwave sensor detects motion in armed mode, and a masking circuit indicates when the microwave sensor detects motion in a mask zone when the security system is unarmed. A second sensor may be positioned beneath the microwave motion sensor.

Abstract: A passively re-radiating cell phone sleeve assembly capable of conforming to and nesting with a cell phone provides a partial enclosure capable of fitting over at least a portion of the cell phone. A multi-layer radio frequency (RF) coupling probe is fully embedded within the enclosure in a position that is in close proximity to an internal antenna of the cell phone when the enclosure is nested with the cell phone. A coupling probe is inductively coupled to the internal antenna for sharing RF signals and is desensitized from de-tuning the internal antenna of the cell phone. An external antenna is mounted on the enclosure; and a transmission line embedded within the enclosure joins the coupling probe and the external antenna for RF signal transfer. RF transmission signals of the cell phone are radiated from both the internal and the external antennae simultaneously and without mutual interference.

Abstract: A microwave antenna feed arrangement provided with a unitary body with a feed bore between a launch end and a back end of the body. A plurality of coaxial annular grooves are located on the launch end of the body. An OMT bore in the body extends from a side of the body to the feed bore. The body may be further configured with an end cap to close the back end of the feed bore or a feed elbow for dual polarization operation. The body may be manufactured for example, by machining or metal injection molding.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relate to concentrating solar radiation using an assembly of at least one clear and one reflective film that inflates into a shape reflecting parallel rays of light to a concentrated focus in the interior or immediate proximity of the assembly. Embodiments of the present invention can be assembled in a substantially flat stack with bonds or welds between the films, compatible with conventional high-throughput film manufacturing processes. Embodiments in accordance with the present invention may employ external circumferential rings or a “harness” assembly to support and point the balloon against wind forces and the like without severe stress localization. Embodiments in accordance with the present invention may also employ film attachments to facilitate feedthroughs, reduce stress concentrations, and modify the inflated shape. Embodiments in accordance with the present invention may also employ film modifiers, including laminated films, adhesives, printing, etc.

Abstract: Two harness engagement grooves are provided at each end in the longitudinal direction of a rod-shaped antenna component, on one side thereof, and midway in the longitudinal direction, on one side thereof, a uniting groove is provided, having a width, which is smaller than the outermost width of the two harness engagement grooves.

Abstract: An artificial medium includes: a dielectric layer having a front surface and a back surface; a plurality of first grid lines respectively formed on the front surface and the back surface and extending in a first direction and a plurality of second grid lines extending in a second direction different from the first direction; and electrically conductive elements respectively formed on the front surface and the back surface of the dielectric layer and located in areas where the first grid lines intersect the second grid lines, wherein when an electromagnetic wave propagated in the direction of the thickness of the dielectric layer is incident, a current excited by the electromagnetic wave is increased in a prescribed operating frequency and a current loop is formed in a plane parallel to the direction of the thickness.

Abstract: An antenna array includes at least one transmit array comprising a plurality of metamaterial elements. The antenna array further includes at least one near-field stimulator for inputting electromagnetic signal to the transmit array so that a sub-wavelength target is illuminated with an electromagnetic wave.

Abstract: A device comprising a metallic conical portion, said conical portion substantially hollow having a vertex end and a base end, a first cylindrical portion disposed annularly about the base end of the conical portion, a metallic second cylindrical portion coupled to the vertex of the conical portion, said cylindrical portion having a threaded aperture, and an antenna feed coupled to the threaded aperture. The device may have a patch disposed on an insulator portion connected to the second cylindrical portion, said patch and insulator portion each having an aperture, and a metallic ground portion connected to the insulator portion, said ground portion having an ground aperture, and a threaded screw disposed through the ground aperture, the patch, the insulator aperture and into the threaded aperture. An RF feed may be created by coupling the threaded aperture to a conductive material disposed on the insulator portion.

Abstract: A magnetic-guiding laminate is used to improve wireless communication between a transmitter and a receptor disposed on a substrate, regardless of the substrate materials. The laminate can comprise one or more layers of magnetic or non-magnetic material with different magnetic property. For example, the laminate can comprise a paramagnetic layer disposed on a diamagnetic layer, where the paramagnetic layer attracts the magnetic field toward the RFID antenna, and the diamagnetic layer prevents the magnetic field from dispersing in the substrate. Alternatively, the laminate can comprise multiple paramagnetic layers, wherein at least two layers have different magnetic properties, such as different permeability values.