Abstract: A display device includes a substrate including a display area and a peripheral area. A display element is disposed in the display area and is electrically connected to a thin film transistor. A power supply line is disposed in the peripheral area. An insulating layer covers a portion of the power supply line. A barrier layer is disposed on the insulating layer and includes a first side surface facing the display area and a second side surface facing away from the display area. At least one of the first side surface or the second side surface includes a concavo-convex surface. The barrier layer forms a step difference with respect to an upper surface of the insulating layer. An end of the insulating layer is positioned beyond the second side surface of the barrier layer on a side of the barrier layer facing away from the display area.

Abstract: According to an aspect, a sensor-equipped display device includes: an array substrate; a counter substrate; a first sensor configured to detect a first detection-target object close to the counter substrate; and a second sensor configured to detect a second detection-target object close to the array substrate. A first background of the array substrate is viewed from outside the counter substrate, and a second background of the counter substrate is viewed from outside the array substrate.

Abstract: Various embodiments disclosed in the present document relate to: a protective film configured to be attached to a display glass equipped with an ultrasonic fingerprint sensor; and an electronic device including the same. According to the various embodiments disclosed in the present document, a protective film can be provided, which is configured to be attached to an electronic device provided with an ultrasonic fingerprint sensor, the protective film comprising: a first adhesive layer configured to be attached on a front plate of the electronic device; and a first substrate layer stacked and disposed on one surface side of the first adhesive layer, integrated with the first adhesive layer, and covering the front plate.

Abstract: A touch device is provided. The touch device includes a substrate, a light-emitting element, a light-shielding member, a sensing board, and a light-passing board. The light-emitting element is disposed on the substrate. The light-shielding member is disposed on the substrate, wherein the light-shielding member has a first opening, and the light-emitting element is located in the first opening. The sensing board is disposed on the light-shielding member, and is electrically connected to the substrate. The sensing board has a second opening, and the first opening and the second opening overlap. The light-passing board is disposed on the sensing board, and covers the first opening and the second opening.

Abstract: A display device includes a display panel including a substrate and a plurality of display elements disposed on the substrate, and a diffraction panel including a plurality of diffraction patterns disposed on a path of light emitted from the plurality of display elements. The plurality of diffraction patterns are disposed in a first direction to have a first period, each of the plurality of diffraction patterns includes a first refractive layer, a second refractive layer disposed on the first refractive layer, and a third refractive layer disposed on the second refractive layer, and a refractive index of the second refractive layer is higher than a refractive index of the first refractive layer and a refractive index of the third refractive layer.

Abstract: A touch input device comprises a body having a plurality of hole portions; and a signal transfer unit formed in the body, wherein the signal transfer unit is provided to pass on the body between the hole portions adjacent thereto to recognize a user's touch signal.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an LED backlight structure having a backlight side and a light outgoing side opposite to each other, including: an LED array on a transparent substrate; a transparent encapsulation layer on a side of the transparent substrate with the LED array, and configured to encapsulate the LED array; wherein the LED array is configured to emit light, the LED backlight structure further includes: a reflection layer on a backlight side of the transparent substrate and configured to reflect light to the light outgoing side; and a first microstructure layer on the light outgoing side of the transparent substrate and the LED array, wherein the first microstructure layer is configured to scatter light incident on a surface of the first microstructure layer, so that a part of light passes through the first microstructure layer, and the rest of light is reflected by the first microstructure layer.

Abstract: An electro-optical device includes a first translucent plate, a display panel, and a second translucent plate that is bonded to a surface of the display panel on an opposite side from the first translucent plate. The display panel includes a first substrate including pixel electrodes provided in a display region, a second substrate including a common electrode, an electro-optical layer which is disposed between the pixel electrodes and the common electrode, and a sealing member that is provided in a sealing region along an outer edge of the display region and between the first substrate and the second substrate, and adheres the first substrate and the second substrate. When seen from a thickness direction of the first translucent plate, an outer edge of the first translucent plate overlaps the outer edge of the display region, or is positioned between the display region and the sealing region.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a device includes a flexible substrate, a touch sensor made of flexible conductive material disposed on the flexible substrate, and conductive tracks made of flexible conductive material disposed on the flexible substrate. The device also includes an electrical component bonded to the conductive tracks. The conductive tracks electrically couple the electrical component to the touch sensor.

Abstract: A touch module comprises a substrate, the substrate includes a central region and a peripheral region, the peripheral region is surrounding the central region. A first material layer is formed on a surface of the substrate by vapor deposition. The first material layer is etched to obtain a circuit layer. The circuit layer is located in the peripheral region. A composite material layer is laid down, the composite material layer comprises a second material layer. The second material layer is positioned in the central region. The composite material layer is etched by the photo-etching. The second material layer is etched to obtain a transparent conductive layer.

Abstract: An optoelectronic sensor is provided for detecting objects in a monitored zone that has a light receiver having a reception optics arranged in front of it for generating a received signal from received light that is incident on the sensor in a direction of incidence of light from the monitored zone, wherein the reception optics comprises a flat light guide plate having a first main surface and a lateral edge bounding the first main surface at a side; and wherein the first main surface of the light guide plate is arranged transversely to the direction of incidence of light and deflects the incident received light to the lateral edge. The light guide plate here has a diffractive structure for deflection to the lateral edge.

Abstract: A conductor includes (i) a substrate, (ii) a transparent conductive film formed on the substrate and including a silver nanowire, (iii) a metal film formed over the transparent conductive film such that at least a portion thereof overlaps the transparent conductive film, and (iv) a buffer film provided between the transparent conductive film and the metal film, the buffer film having adhesion to each of the transparent conductive film and the metal film, and not impeding conductivity between the transparent conductive film and the metal film. Preferably, the buffer film is formed of an organic material having respective functional groups capable of bonding to the transparent conductive film and the metal film.

Abstract: A touch panel includes a first electrode formed of first thin metal wires arranged in the transmissive region and a second electrode insulated from the first electrode and formed of second thin metal wires arranged to intersect the first thin metal wire in the transmissive region, in which the second thin metal wires is arranged on the side opposite to the viewing side than the first thin metal wires.

Abstract: A display device and a haptic feedback display method of the display device are provided. The display device includes a display panel including a display region, and a touch-control sensor disposed at least in the display region and used to detect a touch-control operation. The display device also includes a control unit electrically connected to at least the display panel. The control unit is used to change an operation mode of the display device, and according to the touch-control operation detected by the touch-control sensor, to adjust a display object of the display panel. The operation mode includes at least a blind operation mode. Further, the display device includes at least one button structure disposed in the display region. In the blind operation mode, a touch surface of the display device is in a raised state at a location of a button structure of the at least one button structure.

Abstract: A pointing element used to operate a screen includes a front end light emitter and a controller that causes the front end light emitter to emit light for signal light transmission, and the controller causes the front end light emitter to emit light in a first light emission mode in a state in which the pointing element is not in contact with the screen and causes the front end light emitter to emit light in a second light emission mode in which the amount of light emitted from the front end light emitter is smaller than in the first light emission mode in a state in which the pointing element is in contact with the screen.

Abstract: A display device includes a display panel including a lower substrate, a resonance unit disposed on the lower substrate, a pixel disposed on the resonance unit, and a polarizing plate disposed on the pixel and having a first polarization axis, where the pixel includes a first sub pixel which displays a first color and a second sub pixel which displays a second color different from the first color, and a backlight unit disposed below the display panel and which supplies backlight to the display panel where the resonance unit includes a first optical cavity having a first resonance frequency corresponding to the first color and a second optical cavity having a second resonance frequency corresponding to the second color.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an apparatus and associated method are provided, comprising: at a device including a display and a touch interface: displaying, utilizing the display, a graphical user interface configured to display a sentence including a plurality of words; and while the graphical user interface is displayed: detecting, utilizing the touch interface, a gesture of a particular type at a location on the graphical user interface that corresponds to at least one of the plurality words, in response to detection of the gesture of the particular type at the location on the graphical user interface that corresponds to the at least one word, displaying a selection of the at least one word, during the display of the selection of the at least one word, detecting, utilizing the touch interface, another gesture of the particular type at a location on the graphical user interface that corresponds to the at least one word, and in response to detection of the another gesture of the particular type during the display of t

Abstract: A wafer structure includes a diffractive lens disposed on a backside of a wafer and coupled to a front side waveguide, the diffractive lens being configured to receive light and focus the light to the front side waveguide.

Abstract: A touch system that employs interference effects is disclosed. The touch system includes first and second waveguides that have first and second optical paths that define an optical path difference. The first and second waveguides are configured so that a touch event deforms at least one of the waveguides in a manner that causes the optical path difference to change. The change in the optical path difference is detected by combining the light traveling in the two waveguides to form interfered light. The interfered light is processed to determine the occurrence of a touch event. The time-evolution of the deformation at the touch-event location can also be determined by measuring the interfered light over the duration of the touch event.

Abstract: An instruction reception apparatus includes: a charge accumulation unit that includes a first capacitor in which a pair of electrodes are disposed to face each other under an instruction reception surface, a resistor that is disposed to correspond to the pair of electrodes under the instruction reception surface and has a resistance value between the pair of electrodes that is changed as the instruction reception surface is pressed, and a second capacitor that is connected to the first capacitor; a measurement unit that measures a physical quantity corresponding to the amount of electric charges of the second capacitor; and an output unit that selectively outputs a contact state signal indicating a contact state, a non-contact state signal indicating a non-contact state, and a pressing state signal indicating a pressing state where the indicator presses against the instruction reception surface, in accordance with the physical quantity measured.

Abstract: A touch panel includes a first electrode formed of first thin metal wires arranged in the transmissive region and a second electrode insulated from the first electrode and formed of second thin metal wires arranged to intersect the first thin metal wire in the transmissive region, in which the second thin metal wires is arranged on the side opposite to the viewing side than the first thin metal wires.

Abstract: According to some embodiments, an accessory device for use with a touch sensitive portion of an electronic device is described. The accessory device can include a housing having walls that carry operational components, where the operational components include a processor coupled to a feedback component arranged to provide feedback and a distal tip coupled to the feedback component. The distal tip is capable of engaging with and transmitting a load applied to the housing to an external surface of the touch sensitive portion. The processor can be further coupled to a sensor in communication with the distal tip, the sensor being capable of (i) detecting a physical change when the distal tip engages with the external surface, and (ii) responding to the physical change by providing a detection signal to the processor, that, in response, instructs the feedback component to provide the feedback to the distal tip.

Abstract: A transparent conductive film having a transmissive region includes a first electrode formed of a first thin metal wire arranged in the transmissive region; and a second electrode formed of a second thin metal wire arranged on a side opposite to a viewing side from the first electrode so as to intersect the first thin metal wire in the transmissive region, in which the first thin metal wire has a first front surface that is directed to the viewing side and has a line width W1A, and a first back surface that is directed to the side opposite to the viewing side and has a line width W1B, the second thin metal wire has a second front surface that is directed to the viewing side and has a line width W2A, and a second back surface that is directed to the side opposite to the viewing side and has a line width W2B, and the line widths W1A, W1B, W2A, and W2B are in a range of 0.5 to 10 ?m, and the line widths satisfy a relationship of W1B<W2A?W1A<W2B.

Abstract: A touch panel including: a substrate that includes an operation surface and a transparent conductive film formed opposite to the operation surface; a wiring pattern that is disposed below the transparent conductive film; and a decorative layer that is disposed between the transparent conductive film and the wiring pattern, and is composed of a chromatic color conductive ink which conducts the transparent conductive film and the wiring pattern.

Abstract: An input apparatus, a display apparatus and a control method thereof are provided. The input apparatus includes a communication transceiver which is configured to communicate with the display apparatus; a touch sensor which is configured to receive a touch input; and a controller which is configured to divide an input area of the touch sensor into a plurality of areas, and in response to the touch sensor receiving a touch input that ends in at least one setting area of the plurality of areas, sense a change in one of coordinate values X and Y with respect to the received touch input, and control the communication transceiver to transmit a command to the display apparatus corresponding to the sensed change.

Abstract: A transparent conductive film includes a transparent insulating substrate, a first electrode, and a second electrode, in which a first thin metal wire 38 of the first electrode has a first front surface 38A being directed to the viewing side and having a line width W1A, and a first back surface 38B being directed to the side opposite to the viewing side and having a line width W1B, a second thin metal wire 39 of the second electrode has a second front surface 39A being directed to the viewing side and having a line width W2A, and a second back surface 39B being directed to the side opposite to the viewing side and having a line width W2B, the W1A, W1B, W2A, and W2B are 0.5 to 10 ?m, W1A is larger than W1B and W2A is larger than W2B.

Abstract: An optical touch-sensitive device detects touch events caused by instruments (e.g., pens, styluses) and distinguishes these events from touch events caused by fingers. In some embodiments, different instruments can also be distinguished. The optical touch-sensitive device includes multiple emitters and detectors. Each emitter produces optical beams which are received by the detectors. The optical beams preferably are multiplexed in a manner so that many optical beams can be received by a detector simultaneously. Touch events disturb the optical beams, for example due to frustrated total internal reflection. Information indicating which optical beams have been disturbed is analyzed to detect one or more touch events. The analysis also distinguishes instrument touch events from finger touch events.

Abstract: An integrated transparent ultrasonic audio speaker and touchscreen panel, includes a first transparent layer comprising a first base layer and a first conductive layer; and a second transparent layer disposed adjacent the first transparent layer, the second transparent layer comprising a second base layer and a second conductive layer; wherein the second transparent layer is a touchscreen.

Abstract: A touch screen, a touch display device and a touch detection method are provided in the embodiments of the disclosure. In one embodiment, the touch screen includes a light guide element; a light source which is provided on a side of the light guide element to face inside of the light guide element, and configured to emit light towards the light guide element so as to be guided into the light guide element; and a plurality of detectors which are provided on at least one side of the light guide element to face inside of the light guide element, and configured to receive light from corresponding sides of the light guide element where the light exits, respectively.

Abstract: A command mechanism for vehicle includes: a support having a contact surface; a detection mechanism configured to detect a finger of a user in command position pressing on the contact surface; and a vibration mechanism that is configured to generate a distant-approach vibration when the detection mechanism detects the presence of the element at the first distance from the contact surface and a more intense, close-approach vibration when the detection mechanism detects the presence of the element at a second distance from the contact surface.

Abstract: According to some embodiments, an accessory device for use with a touch sensitive portion of an electronic device is described. The accessory device can include a housing having walls that carry operational components, where the operational components include a processor coupled to a feedback component arranged to provide feedback and a distal tip coupled to the feedback component. The distal tip is capable of engaging with and transmitting a load applied to the housing to an external surface of the touch sensitive portion. The processor can be further coupled to a sensor in communication with the distal tip, the sensor being capable of (i) detecting a physical change when the distal tip engages with the external surface, and (ii) responding to the physical change by providing a detection signal to the processor, that, in response, instructs the feedback component to provide the feedback to the distal tip.

Abstract: A touch-sensitive apparatus includes a light-transmissive panel having a front surface, an opposite rear surface, and a side edge connecting the front and rear surfaces, and a light-transmissive sheet laminated over the front surface of the light-transmissive panel. The light-transmissive sheet has a portion extending beyond the side edge of the light-transmissive panel to cover a light emitter and detector. The touch-sensitive apparatus further includes a shielding element on a lower surface of the light-transmissive sheet, the shielding element covering at least said light emitter and detector, and the shielding element blocking light having a wavelength range in which the light emitter outputs light. The lower surface of the light-transmissive sheet is in optical contact with the front surface of the light-transmissive panel.

Abstract: An input device may include an input surface. The input device may further include a first display layer coupled to the input surface. The input device may further include a sensing element disposed on a second display layer and a spacer element disposed between the first display layer and the second display layer. The sensing element may be disposed below the spacer element. The sensing element may be further configured to detect an input force applied by an input object to the input surface.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a filter module and a touch screen having the filter module. The filter module includes a substrate, the substrate includes a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, the first surface is provided with a shielding matrix and a color resister distributed in the shielding matrix, the shielding matrix includes intersecting grid lines, the grid lines intersect to form grids, the color resister is formed in the grids, the second surface is provided with a conductive layer, the conductive layer comprises a first conductive pattern and a second conductive pattern, the first conductive pattern and the second conductive pattern are spaced apart from each other to form a sensing structure, the conductive layer is coated with a coating layer.

Abstract: A touch panel includes: a substrate which has sensing and peripheral areas; first sensing electrodes located on a surface of the substrate and arranged along a first direction in the sensing area and second sensing electrodes arranged along a second direction intersecting the first direction; a first connector located on the surface of the substrate and connecting the first sensing electrodes along the first direction; an insulating layer pattern located on the first connector; a second connector located on the insulating layer pattern, intersecting the first connector to be insulated from the first connector, and connecting the second sensing electrodes along the second direction; wiring lines located on the surface of the substrate, located in the peripheral area, and electrically connected to the first sensing electrodes or the second sensing electrodes; and a conductive pattern located between each of the second sensing electrodes and the second connector.

Abstract: A method for controlling a user interface using an indirect input device includes determining a first touchdown location of an input object, determining a first subsequent location of the input object, calculating a first direction and a first distance between the first touchdown location and the first subsequent location, and moving a cursor representation on a display in a second direction and at a velocity. The method further includes detecting a touchdown event of at least two input objects, determining a second touchdown location of the at least two input objects, determining a second subsequent location of the at least two input objects, calculating a third direction and a second distance from the second touchdown location and the second subsequent location, and modulating a user interface action in a fourth direction at a magnitude.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a touch panel. The touch panel includes a substrate; one or more infrared light-emitting devices; an infrared total reflection coverplate that is deformable in response to a touch of a touching object; an infrared sensing layer including at least one sensing wire in a first direction and at least one sensing wire in a second direction. The sensing wires in the first direction and the sensing wires in the second direction are insulated from each other and are made of photoconductive material sensitive to the infrared light emitted from the infrared light-emitting device.

Abstract: The transparent electroconductive film is provided with: a transparent substrate formed from a film-shaped polymer resin; a first hard coat layer laminated on one surface of the substrate; and a first transparent conductor layer laminated on the upper side of the first hard coating layer. The substrate has a film thickness of 2 to 250 ?m. The first hard coating layer is formed from a curable resin containing an inorganic oxide, and has a film thickness of 0.01 ?m to less than 0.5 ?m, or more than 6 ?m to 10 ?m. The first transparent conductor layer is formed from at least one material selected from the group consisting of an inorganic oxide, a metal, and carbon, has a film thickness of 10 nm to 2 ?m, and is patterned so as to have formed thereon a patterned section and a non-patterned section.

Abstract: In an aspect, a display device including: an entire window, said entire window including a display area and a non-display area outside the display area; a display panel; a first adhesive layer disposed on the display panel; a touch screen panel disposed on the first adhesive layer; a first light blocking member disposed on the touch screen panel; a second adhesive layer disposed on the touch screen panel and the first light blocking member; and a protection window disposed on the second adhesive layer is provided.

Abstract: An invention is disclosed for using multi-touch input in a remote presentation session. In embodiments of the invention, a client computer is configured to locally receive both mouse and keyboard input, and multi-touch input. Where the client computer receives mouse or keyboard input, it sends this input to a remote presentation session server via a TCP connection. Where the client computer receives multi-touch input, it sends this input to the remote presentation session server via a UDP connection. The server computer processes input received from the client computer, via either the TCP or UDP connection, and sends the client a graphical result of performing processing corresponding to that received input.

Abstract: An optical apparatus includes a touch substrate; a waveguide layer arranged on the touch substrate, the waveguide layer including a plurality of waveguides; an optical output structure arranged on the waveguide layer and configured to output light propagating in the plurality of waveguides at touched locations on the touch substrate; a gap layer arranged to provide a predetermined gap between the waveguide layer and the optical output structure; and an optical system, which projects light output by the optical output structure.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus related to touch and gesture recognition with an electronic interactive display. The interactive display has a front surface that includes a viewing area, a planar light guide disposed proximate to and behind the front surface, a light source, and at least one photo sensing element coupled with the first planar light guide. The planar light guide is configured to receive scattered light, the received scattered light resulting from interaction between light emitted by the light source and an object in optical contact with the front surface. The photo sensing element is configured to detect at least some of the received scattered light and to output, to a processor, image data. The processor is configured to recognize, from the image data, one or both of a contact pressure and a rotational orientation of the object.

Abstract: A glass type mobile terminal is provided. The mobile terminal includes a band frame wearable on a user's head, a light transmissive lens coupled to the band frame to be located in front the user wearing the band frame, the light transmissive lens comprising a transparent screen where an image is focused, a projector for outputting an image toward the transparent screen from a lateral surface of the light transmissive lens, a photo shutter coupled to a front surface of the lens, with a controllable transparency, and a controller for controlling the transparency of the photo shutter, such that the visibility of the image focused on the light transmissive lens may be enhanced by controlling the transparency of the light transmissive lens, using the photo shutter, that a clear image may be seen even in a bright place.

Abstract: To this end, according to one embodiment, the display device, comprising: a touch sensor unit; a display unit; a transparent display unit; a position sensor unit; and a processor configured to: detect the second touch input by activating the second touch sensor unit and control the first object displayed in the display unit based on the detected second touch input when a first position, and detect the first touch input and the third touch input respectively by activating the first touch sensor unit and the third touch sensor unit, control the first object displayed in the display unit based on the detected first touch input, and control the second object displayed in the transparent display unit based on the detected third touch input when a second position.

Abstract: To prevent disconnection of a touch panel to which a three-dimensional shape has been imparted, the touch panel includes a first electrode layer that is formed upon a first base material sheet and includes material having flexibility. The first electrode layer has a first electrode part and a first mount part extending from the first electrode part. A first routing circuit layer is formed upon the first mount part. A second electrode layer is formed upon a second base material sheet and includes material which has flexibility. The second electrode layer has a second electrode part and a second mount part extending from the second electrode part. A second routing circuit layer is formed upon the second mount part. A first bonding layer bonds the first base material sheet to the second base material sheet. A second bonding layer bonds the second base material sheet to a protective layer.

Abstract: An optical-touch calibration method and an optical-touch panel are disclosed herein. The optical-touch calibration method is suitable for the optical-touch panel including a projective light source and a line optical sensor. The optical-touch calibration method includes steps of: generating a projective beam by the projective light source, and the projective beam being reflected to the line optical sensor; utilizing the line optical sensor to measure the reflected projective beam for obtaining a reflected intensity curve relative to a linear coordinate axis; calculating an intensity difference between the reflected intensity curve and a reference intensity curve; and, adjusting an emitting power of the projective light source if the intensity difference exceeds a threshold value.

Abstract: An optical touch-sensitive device is able to determine the locations of multiple simultaneous touch events. The optical touch-sensitive device includes multiple emitters and detectors coupled with an optical coupler assembly through a waveguide on the surface on the optical-touch sensitive device. Each emitter produces optical beams which propagate in the waveguide via total internal reflection and are received by the detectors. Touch events disturb the optical beams, and are determined based on the disturbances. The optical touch-sensitive device further includes an intermediate layer interposed between the waveguide and a display surface. The intermediate layer preserves optical beam propagation in the waveguide and is transparent to visible light. The optical touch-sensitive device may further include at least one frame zone, at least one dead zone, and/or at least one fixed graphics zone.

Abstract: Systems and methods of resetting a blocking-type photoconductive imaging detector are provided. In one embodiment, after having obtained an image, the imaging detector may be reset by applying a reversed bias potential difference and illuminating the imaging radiation detector with photoexcitation radiation. The photoexcitation radiation has a wavelength selected to excite mobile charges within the photoconductive layer and a spatial intensity profile related to the measured image for neutralizing the trapped charges in a spatially compensated manner. In another embodiment, a photoionizing beam is directed onto an x-ray light valve having a liquid crystal layer in contact with a photoconductive layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an optical touch-sensitive device and a method of determining a position and determining a position change of an object contacting an optical touch sensitive device. In particular, the present invention relates to an optical touch pad and a method of determining a position and determining a position change of an object contacting an optical touch pad. A touch-sensitive device, according to the present invention may comprise a light source, a touch-sensitive waveguide, a detector array, and a first light redirecting member, wherein at least a part of the light propagating towards a specific point of the detector array is prevented from being incident upon the specific point of the detector array when an object contacts a touch-sensitive surface of the touch-sensitive waveguide at a corresponding specific contact point.

Abstract: A touch-screen device includes an imaging waveguide, in which the imaging waveguide has a radiation receiving surface and an imaging surface different than the radiation receiving surface. The imaging waveguide is configured to receive, at the radiation receiving surface, radiation emitted by a contact receiving structure, and transmit the received radiation from a position on the radiation receiving surface to a position and/or angle of incidence on the imaging surface as a function of the position on the radiation receiving surface at which the transmitted radiation was received. An imaging sensor coupled to the imaging surface of the imaging optical waveguide is configured to detect radiation incident upon the imaging surface of the imaging optical waveguide. A processing device coupled to the imaging sensor is configured to determine contact points on the exposed contact surface of a contact receiving structure based on radiation detected by the imaging sensor.