Abstract: A method and system for integrated surface water and groundwater modelling using a dynamic mesh evolution. The system includes a dynamic mesh evolution that enables elevation changes in a landscape to be better represented in a simulation model. By moving, adding or removing computation nodes within the model over a predetermined range and updating the metadata, elevation changes may be better represented.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for object simulation. One of the methods includes generating a mesh representation of a deformable object and generating, from the mesh representation of the deformable object, a structural representation of the deformable object. A plurality of simulated instances of the object are generated based on kinematics of the structural representation of the deformable object.

Abstract: A three-dimensional asset (3D) reconstruction technique for generating a 3D asset representing an object from images of the object. The images are captured from different viewpoints in a darkroom using one or more light sources having known locations. The system estimates camera poses for each of the captured images and then constructs a 3D surface mesh made up of surfaces using the captured images and their respective estimated camera poses. Texture properties for each of the surfaces of the 3D surface mesh are then refined to generate the 3D asset.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an information processing device and method capable of suppressing a reduction in coding efficiency. For a point cloud representing a three-dimensional object as a set of points, a coordinate system for geometry data is transformed from a polar coordinate system to a Cartesian coordinate system, a reference relationship indicating a reference destination used to calculate a predictive value of attribute data of a processing target point is set by using the generated geometry data in the Cartesian coordinate system, a prediction residual that is a difference value between the attribute data of the processing target point and the predictive value calculated based on the set reference relationship is calculated, and the calculated prediction residual is encoded. The present disclosure can be applied to, for example, an information processing device, an encoding device, a decoding device, an electronic device, an information processing method, or a program.

Abstract: A method and system for performing a render using a graphics processing unit that implements a tile-based graphics pipeline where a rendering space is sub-divided into tiles. Geometry data for the render is received, the geometry data including primitives associated with one or more vertex shader programs. The geometry data is processed using the vertex shader programs to generate processed primitives, and it is determined in which tile each of the processed primitives are located. For at least one selected tile there is stored i) a representation of per-tile vertex shader data identifying the one or more vertex shader programs used to generate the processed primitives in that tile, and ii) a representation of per-tile render data that can be used when rendering the processed primitives in that tile in subsequent stages of the graphics pipeline.

Abstract: Among other things, embodiments of the present disclosure improve the functionality of electronic messaging and imaging software and systems by generating and displaying media overlays with avatars of different users. For example, media overlays can be generated by the system and displayed in conjunction with media content (e.g., images and/or video) generated by an image-capturing device (e.g., a digital camera).

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an object detection method. The method includes: acquiring a scene image of a scene; acquiring a three-dimensional point cloud corresponding to the scene; segmenting the scene image according to the three-dimensional point cloud corresponding to the scene to generate a plurality of region proposals; and performing object detection on the plurality of region proposals to determine a target object to be detected in the scene image. In addition, The present disclosure also provides an object detection device, a terminal device, and a medium.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus (10) according to the present disclosure includes: a skeleton detection unit (11) configured to detect two-dimensional skeleton structures of a plurality of persons based on an acquired two-dimensional image; a feature calculation unit (12) configured to calculate features of the plurality of two-dimensional skeleton structures that have been detected by the skeleton detection unit (11); and a recognition unit (13) configured to perform processing of recognizing states of the plurality of persons based on a degree of similarity among the plurality of features that have been calculated by the feature calculation unit (12).

Abstract: In various examples, live perception from sensors of a vehicle may be leveraged to detect and classify intersection contention areas in an environment of a vehicle in real-time or near real-time. For example, a deep neural network (DNN) may be trained to compute outputs—such as signed distance functions—that may correspond to locations of boundaries delineating intersection contention areas. The signed distance functions may be decoded and/or post-processed to determine instance segmentation masks representing locations and classifications of intersection areas or regions. The locations of the intersections areas or regions may be generated in image-space and converted to world-space coordinates to aid an autonomous or semi-autonomous vehicle in navigating intersections according to rules of the road, traffic priority considerations, and/or the like.

Abstract: Implementations generally perform robust multi-view multi-target action recognition using reconstructed 3-dimensional (3D) poses. In some implementations, a method includes obtaining a plurality of videos of a plurality of subjects in an environment, where at least one target subject of the plurality of subjects performs one or more actions in the environment. The method further includes tracking the at least one target subject across at least two cameras. The method further includes reconstructing a 3-dimensional (3D) model of the at least one target subject based on the plurality of videos and the tracking of the at least one target subject. The method further includes recognizing the one or more actions of the at least one target subject based on the reconstructing of the 3D model.

Abstract: The present concepts relate to lossless data compression techniques for reducing the size of a data structure. Certain data in the data structure that can be either recovered from another source or rebuilt from other available information may be removed from the data structure. To further reduce data size, the retained data in the data structure may be packed into a smaller-bit encoding data type. Additionally, to reduce the data size even more, the packed data may be zipped using a lossless data compression algorithm. To regain the original data structure, the process may be reversed. The zipped data may be unzipped using a lossless data decompression algorithm. The packed data may be unpacked into the original bit-sized data encoding. The removed data may be restored by either recovering it from another source or rebuilding it from other available information.

Abstract: A method, computer-readable storage medium, and device for generating a master representation of input models. The method comprises: receiving a first base mesh and a second base mesh, wherein the first base mesh has a first topology and is associated with a first set of blendshapes to deform the first base mesh, the second base mesh has a second topology and is associated with a second set of blendshapes to deform the second base mesh, and the second topology is different from the first topology; combining the first topology and the second topology into a combined mesh topology representation; combining the first set of blendshapes and the second set of blendshapes into a combined blendshape representation; and outputting the combined mesh topology representation and the combined blendshape representation as a master representation, wherein the master representation can be queried with a target topology and blendshape.

Abstract: In various embodiments, a parameter domain graph application generates UV-net representations of 3D CAD objects for machine learning models. In operation, the parameter domain graph application generates a graph based on a B-rep of a 3D CAD object. The parameter domain graph application discretizes a parameter domain of a parametric surface associated with the B-rep into a 2D grid. The parameter domain graph application computes at least one feature at a grid point included in the 2D grid based on the parametric surface to generate a 2D UV-grid. Based on the graph and the 2D UV-grid, the parameter domain graph application generates a UV-net representation of the 3D CAD object. Advantageously, generating UV-net representations of 3D CAD objects that are represented using B-reps enables the 3D CAD objects to be processed efficiently using neural networks.

Abstract: Provided is an information processing apparatus that avoids interference of rays of light to be emitted from respective terminals for performing distance measurement. The information processing apparatus includes a first light emission unit that performs light emission of invisible light for performing distance measurement, a first acquisition unit that acquires depth information of a real space on the basis of the light emission by the first light emission unit, a control unit that controls the light emission by the first light emission unit, and a communication unit that performs communication with another information processing apparatus. The control unit performs control causing the first light emission unit to perform the light emission at a timing not overlapping a light emission timing of a second light emission unit of the other information processing apparatus, on the basis of the communication with the other information processing apparatus.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a method, apparatus, device, and medium for image special effect processing, wherein the method including: in response to a first generation request for a first target node in a main image, generating a first sub-container node connected to a main container node associated with the main image; the first generation request including a first image type corresponding to the first target node, generating a first sub-image associated with the first sub-container node based on the first image type, the first sub-image including at least one first operation node; acquiring a command for image special effect processing based on a main operation node of the main image and the first operation node of the first sub-image; and processing and displaying a target image based on the command for image special effect processing.

Abstract: A technology that streams graphical components and rendering instructions to a client device, for the client device to perform the final rendering and overlaying of that content onto the client's video stream based on the client's most recent tracking of the device's position and orientation. A client device sends a request for augmented reality drawing data to a network device. In response, the network device generates augmented reality drawing data, which can be augmented reality change data based on the augmented reality information and previous client render state information, and sends the augmented reality drawing data to the client device. The client device receives the augmented reality drawing data and renders a visible representation of an augmented reality scene comprising overlaying augmented reality graphics over a current video scene obtained from a camera of the client device.

Abstract: A modeling system is provided which is configured to retrieve from the non-volatile memory the 3D virtual model of an object; define a domain of a parametric surface; project feature curves in the 3D virtual model into the domain of the parametric surface to generate a mapping based on the 3D virtual model and including a plurality of parametric curves; divide the plurality of parametric curves into horizontal and vertical feature curves; extend each of the horizontal feature and vertical feature curves; construct a horizontal interpolant connecting the extended horizontal feature curves; construct a vertical interpolant connecting the extended vertical feature curves; fit the horizontal and vertical interpolants as coordinates of a map to a new parametric domain; and compose the inverse of the map to the new parametric domain with the parametric surface to create a new parametric surface containing the feature curves as isoparametric curves.

Abstract: An embodiment of the application provides a method for representing internet of vehicles (IOV) knowledge based on a simplicial complex (SC). The method includes: representing k?-dimensional knowledge in a k-dimensional continuous space by using a k-dimensional SC with k?-dimensional function values; and representing a safe boundary of the IOV knowledge by using a boundary of the SC, where the IOV knowledge includes a steering wheel angle of an ego-vehicle, a road curvature, a speed of the ego-vehicle, and an inter-parameter relationship compliant with an objective law of vehicle dynamics, where the steering wheel angle of the ego-vehicle, the road curvature, and the speed of the ego-vehicle are obtained by using a sensor on the ego-vehicle.

Abstract: A sequence of three-dimension scenes is encoded as a video by an encoder and transmitted to a decoder which retrieves the sequence of 3D scenes. Points of a 3D scene visible from a determined point of view are encoded as a color image in a first track of the stream in order to be decodable independently from other tracks of the stream. The color image is compatible with a three degrees of freedom rendering. Depth information and depth and color of residual points of the scene are encoded in separate tracks of the stream and are decoded only in case the decoder is configured to decode the scene for a volumetric rendering.

Abstract: When performing tile-based rendering a first, pre-pass operation in which primitives in a sequence of primitives for a tile are processed to determine visibility information for the sequence of primitives, the visibility information being usable to determine whether or not fragments for a primitive in the sequence of primitives should subsequently be processed further for the render output, is performed. Thereafter a second, main pass operation is performed in which the further processing of fragments for primitives that were processed during the first, pre-pass operation is controlled based on the determined visibility information for the sequence of primitives, such that for fragments for which the visibility information indicates that the fragments should not be processed further for the render output some or all of the processing during the second, main pass is omitted. The visibility information indicates which primitives should be rendered for which sampling positions of the render output.

Abstract: Provided is a process including: receiving one or more write requests to write a plurality of values to a plurality of fields in one or more tuples of a relational database, different ones of the values corresponding to different ones of the fields, detecting duplicates of the values with steps for expediting detection of duplicates, and selecting a first subset of the values based on the first subset of values corresponding to fields in a first subset of the fields, the first subset of fields being designated as higher-security fields than a second subset of fields among the plurality of fields.

Abstract: An STL model slicing method includes: reading and loading an STL model; obtaining a first slice plane; according to a first set thickness, making the first slice plane be horizontally tangential to an STL model to obtain a first profile curve, which is a profile curve of a tangent plane of the STL model and the first slice plane; determining whether the profile curve contains a physical portion of the STL model; if the profile curve contains the physical portion of the STL model, filling the physical portion with white to obtain a white portion; determining a non-physical portion in the profile curve according to the physical portion; filling the non-physical portion with black to form a mask of the tangent plane; and projecting the mask onto a liquid photosensitive resin by means of a first 3D printer, and then curing the white portion to be a first cured profile.

Abstract: Devices and techniques are generally described for retrieving three dimensional part models. Two-dimensional (2D) image data representing an object with at least a first part and a second part may be received. A first machine learning model may be used to generate a first shape embedding representing the first part and a second shape embedding representing the second part. A first 3D model stored in a non-transitory computer-readable memory that represents the first part may be determined based at least in part on the first shape embedding. A second 3D model stored in the non-transitory computer-readable memory that represents the second part may be determined based at least in part on the second shape embedding.

Abstract: A method includes obtaining, by a first agent engine that generates actions for a first agent, a first objective of the first agent. In some implementations, the method includes generating, by the first agent engine, a first influence for a second agent engine that generates actions for a computer-generated reality (CGR) representation of a second agent. In some implementations, the first influence is based on the first objective of the first agent. In some implementations, the method includes triggering the CGR representation of the second agent to perform a set of one or more actions that advances the first objective of the first agent. In some implementations, the second agent engine generates the set of one or more actions based on the first influence generated by the first agent engine.

Abstract: The present invention provides a cable network planning method comprising: modelling the prespecified topology as a Steiner tree including a plurality of terminal nodes representing a plurality of cable landing stations (CLSs) to be installed respectively in a plurality of destination regions connected by the cable network, a plurality of Steiner nodes presenting a plurality of branching units (BUs) to be installed in the cable network, and a plurality of edges connecting the terminal nodes and Steiner nodes; constructing a directed acyclic graph (DAG); finding a Steiner minimal tree (SMT) by applying a DAG-Least-Cost-System algorithm; returning coordinates of Steiner nodes, terminal nodes of the SMT as locations of the BUs and the CLSs. The provided method enables inclusion of costs of the Steiner nodes by taking account of Steiner nodes with degree in excess of three such that more flexible BU branching structures and CLS locations alternatives can be considered.

Abstract: An application server associated with an online marketplace may receive a set of images of an item, spatial information associated with each image of the set of images indicating a relative spatial location to the item for each image, and viewing direction information indicating a viewing direction relative to the item for each image. The application server may then generate a neural radiance field model of the item in a three dimensional space based on the set of images, the spatial information, and the viewing direction information, and may generate a set of spherical harmonics for the neural radiance field model based on predicting one or more spherical harmonic coefficients using the set of images, the spatial information, and the viewing direction information. The application server may then output a three dimensional model of the item generated based on the set of spherical harmonics.

Abstract: Techniques of introducing virtual objects into a physical environment of AR system include displacing vertices of a mesh representing the physical environment based on a live depth map. For example, an AR system generates a mesh template, i.e., an initial mesh with vertices that represents a physical environment and a depth map that indicates a geometry of real objects within the physical environment. The AR system is configured to represent the real objects in the physical environment by displacing the vertices of the mesh based on depth values of the depth map and parameter values of a pinhole camera model. The depth values may be taken from the perspective of an illumination source in the physical environment.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for monitoring extended reality spaces. One of the methods includes maintaining, for an extended reality environment generated by a first device operated by a person, data defining a three-dimensional space at a property; accessing sensor data generated by one or more sensors physically located at the property; predicting, using the sensor data, that an object will likely interfere with the three-dimensional space at the property; and in response to predicting that the object will likely interfere with the three-dimensional space at the property, providing a notification to a second device.

Abstract: This application discloses a for displaying a two-dimensional figure of a virtual object performed by a computer device. The method includes: rendering a two-dimensional image of a virtual object based on a corresponding three-dimensional figure model according to a plurality of preset parameters; displaying a target interface comprising the two-dimensional image of the virtual object; and displaying an updated two-dimensional image of the virtual object when an update condition is met, wherein the updated two-dimensional image corresponds to the three-dimensional figure model of the virtual object.

Abstract: A periphery monitoring device calculates an expected passage range indicating a range of a locus of a machine body when a lower travelling body travels in an imaging direction of a camera, based on a slewing angle of an upper slewing body and an attitude of an attachment, and superimposes a range image indicating the calculated expected passage range on an image captured by the camera to display the superimposed image on the display.

Abstract: Disclosed are an interfacing method and an apparatus for three-dimensional (3D) sketch. According to an example embodiment, the interfacing method for sketching in a virtual space of three dimensions includes determining a surface including an area in which a first user input is received in the virtual space to be a region of interest, controlling a position of the region of interest in the virtual space based on a second user input on the region of interest, and generating at least one sketch line belonging to the region of interest based on a third user input.

Abstract: An example method comprises simulating an environment including at least one simulated object, a simulated ray source, and a simulated receiver, simulating a plurality of rays emitting from the simulated ray source, tracking each ray in the environment, detecting changes for at least one ray that interacts with the at least one simulated object, the changes for the at least one ray including a reflection from the at least one object, tracking the reflection of the at least part of the ray from the at least one object in the environment, determining measurements for any of the plurality of rays that interact with the simulated receiver in the simulation, the at least part of the ray being received by the receiver, the measurements including intensity for any of the plurality of rays that interact with the receiver, and generating synthetic point cloud data based on the measurements.

Abstract: Apparatuses, systems, and techniques for buffer identification of an application for post-processing. The apparatuses, systems, and techniques includes generating a buffer statistic data structure for a buffer of a plurality of buffers associated with a frame of an application; updating the buffer statistic data structure with metadata of the draw call responsive to detecting a draw call to the buffer; and determining, based on the buffer statistic data structure, a score reflecting a likelihood of the buffer being associated with a specified buffer type.

Abstract: System and method are provided for scaling a 3-D representation of a building structure. The method includes obtaining world map data including a first track of real-world poses for a plurality of images. The plurality of images comprises non-camera anchors. The method also includes detecting a discrepancy in at least one real-world pose of the first track. The method also includes in response to detecting a discrepancy, generating a new track of real-world poses. The method also includes calculating a scaling factor for a 3-D representation of the building structure based on sampling across a plurality of tracks. The plurality of tracks comprises at least the first track and the new track.

Abstract: A graphics processing system for generating a rendering output includes geometry processing logic having first transformation logic configured to transform a plurality of untransformed primitives into a plurality of transformed primitives, the first transformation logic configured to implement one or more expansion transformation stages which generate one or more sub-primitives; a primitive block generator configured to divide the plurality of transformed primitives into a plurality of groups; and generate an untransformed primitive block for each group comprising (i) information identifying the untransformed primitives related to the transformed primitives in the group; and (ii) an expansion transformation stage mask for at least one or more expansion transformation stages that indicates the sub-primitives generated for the untransformed primitives in that untransformed primitive block used in generating the rendering output.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide systems, methods, and computer storage media for generating editable synthesized views of scenes by inputting image rays into neural networks using neural basis decomposition. In embodiments, a set of input images of a scene depicting at least one object are collected and used to generate a plurality of rays of the scene. The rays each correspond to three-dimensional coordinates and viewing angles taken from the images. A volume density of the scene is determined by inputting the three-dimensional coordinates from the neural radiance fields into a first neural network to generate a 3D geometric representation of the object. An appearance decomposition is produced by inputting the three-dimensional coordinates and the viewing angles of the rays into a second neural network.

Abstract: Embodiments include receiving image data comprising a representation of teeth, wherein the image data comprises a set of pixel locations for the teeth and depth values associated with the pixel locations in the set of pixel locations. The method further includes generating new image based on applying one or more functions to the image data, wherein the one or more functions adjust one or more color channels of the set of pixel locations based at least in part on the depth values.

Abstract: Three-dimensional (3D) modeling systems and methods are described for automatically generating photorealistic, virtual 3D package and product models from 3D and two-dimensional (2D) imaging assets. The 3D modeling systems and methods include loading, into a memory with one or more processors, computer-aided design (CAD) component(s) and assembling, with an automatic imaging asset assembly script, the CAD component(s) to create a parametric-based CAD model. A polygonal model of a real-world product or product package is generated based on the parametric-based CAD model. Digital surface finish artifact(s) of a virtual material library, as selected from the 2D imaging assets, are applied to the polygonal model. A virtual 3D model is generated based on the polygonal model and a UV coordinate mapping corresponding to a virtual product label, and rendered, via a graphical display, as a photorealistic image representing the real-world product or product package.

Abstract: A smart render design tool includes: (a) a designer side plug-in enabling a designer to generate credentials for a client and associate the credentials with a model for the client, add camera view(s) to the model, select one or more surfaces in the camera view(s) to add in the model, specify one or more materials for each surface of the one or more surfaces of the model, and publish the model including the specified materials for the one or more surfaces of the model; and (b) a client side portal associated with the credentials and the model enabling the client to access the published model using the generated credentials, select desired materials from among the materials specified by the designer for each surface of the published model, and save the desired materials selections of the client for review by the designer using a synchronization function of the designer side plug-in.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for transforming a neural radiance field model is described. A plurality of inputs are provided to a neural radiance field (NeRF) model that represents a 3-dimensional space having a subject, wherein each input of the plurality of inputs includes a location and a view direction and corresponds to respective colors of voxels that represent the 3-dimensional space. A spectral analysis is performed on a plurality of outputs of the NeRF model based on the plurality of inputs, wherein the plurality of outputs include the respective colors of the voxels. Frequency components of the spectral analysis that represent colors for at least some of the voxels are extracted. A sparse volume data structure that represents the 3-dimensional space and the respective colors for the at least some of the voxels is generated.

Abstract: A mixed reality space sharing system is provided with which 3D information regarding a target real space can be shared between a plurality of MR terminals while keeping the information updated, without spending a long processing time. A shared information management server includes an information management unit for creating a room by associating, with each other, 3D information and anchor information that are transmitted from a first terminal, which is at least one of a plurality of mixed reality terminals, and managing the 3D information, and a sharing unit for transmitting the 3D information and the anchor information to a second terminal different from the first terminal. The second terminal downloads the 3D information and the anchor information transmitted from the shared information management server and creates a mixed reality space using the downloaded information.

Abstract: A method, server, system, and computer program product creates a three-dimensional (3D) virtual certificate of authenticity (COA) that is a multimedia container having a media file that provides for an experiential presentation in the 3D COA itself. The multimedia container with media file lends credibility to the authenticity of the 3D COA. The ownership of the 3D COA can be stored in a blockchain as a non-fungible token, and easily transferred from one claimant of the 3D COA to another.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided to create training data, validate, deploy and test artificial intelligence (AI) systems in a virtual development environment, incorporating virtual spaces, objects, machinery, devices, subsystems, and actual human action and behavior.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to displaying visual effects in image data. In some examples, visual effects include an avatar displayed on a user's face. In some examples, visual effects include stickers applied to image data. In some examples, visual effects include screen effects. In some examples, visual effects are modified based on depth data in the image data.

Abstract: The space recognition system includes: an information terminal of a user having a function of displaying an image on a display surface and having a terminal coordinate system WA; and a label which is provided to correspond to a space and in which information for identifying the space is described. When recognizing the space, the information terminal specifies space data in which the space and the label are described in a space coordinate system W1 by using the information read from recognition of the label, measures relations in a position and a direction between the information terminal and the label by using the space data, and adapts the terminal coordinate system WA to the space coordinate system W1, based on data representing the measured relations.

Abstract: A three-dimensional (3D) graphics system automatically defines or accurately adjusts normals for primitives of a 3D model. The system receives the 3D model primitives, selects a particular primitive at a specific position relative to other primitives of the 3D model, and defines a normal with a first direction for the particular primitive based on an association of the normal with the first direction to the specific position. The system then selects a set of primitives with positions next to the particular primitives, and defines a normal for each primitive of the set of primitives with a second direction that is perpendicular to a surface spanned between positions of the particular primitive and each primitive of the set of primitives.

Abstract: Some examples of the disclosure are directed to systems and methods for presenting content in a three-dimensional environment by one or more electronic devices in a multi-user communication session. In some examples, a first electronic device and a second electronic device are communicatively linked in a multi-user communication session, wherein the first electronic device and the second electronic device are configured to display a three-dimensional environment, respectively. In some examples, the first electronic device and the second electronic device are grouped in a first spatial group within the multi-user communication session. In some examples, if the second electronic device determines that the first electronic device changes states (and/or vice versa), the user of the first electronic device and the user of the second electronic device are no longer grouped into the same spatial group within the multi-user communication session.

Abstract: A method for comparing two or more three-dimensional (3D) object model by evaluating at least one 3D triangle from each received triangular mesh data. For each reference triangle, the method includes identifying one or more adjacent triangles using conditions for congruence of triangles and performing neighbor facet edge hashing to produce an object hash value for each of the at least one 3D triangle. The method includes comparing the object hash value to one or more reference hash values assigned respectively to one or more 3D object models. The method includes determining whether a match exists between one or more 3D object models and the reference object based upon an amount of matching of obtained hash values. In one or more embodiments, a method compares 3D triangle objects, such as a prior scan of the same object, to determine deviations over time or the subtraction or addition of sub-parts.

Abstract: Described herein is a process and system for constructing three-dimensional (3D) representations of roof structures. The system can create representations of roof structures of arbitrary complexity and can create representations of dependent roof structures such as dormers. The system can create representations of roof structures that conventional methods cannot create, such as roofs with edges that are not coplanar, roofs with faces that do not connect to exterior edges, roofs composed of sub-structures, or roofs with dependent structures such as dormers.

Abstract: A computer-generated virtual object manipulator having one or more affordances for manipulating a computer-generated virtual object is disclosed. Selection of a virtual object can cause an object manipulator to be displayed over the virtual object. The object manipulator can include a cone-shaped single-axis translation affordance for each of one or more object axes, a disc-shaped single-axis scale affordance for each of the one or more object axes, an arc-shaped rotation affordance for rotation about each of the one or more object axes, and a center of object affordance for free space movement of the virtual object. The object manipulator can also include a slice-shaped two-axis translation affordance that can be displayed after hovering over an area in a particular plane.