Abstract: A method in an illustrative embodiment includes: obtaining a first point cloud based on an input point cloud, a point number of the first point cloud being greater than a point number of the input point cloud; obtaining a first group of point clouds based on the first point cloud, the first group of point clouds including a plurality of point clouds; obtaining a second group of point clouds based on the input point cloud and the first group of point clouds, the second group of point clouds including a plurality of point clouds; and obtaining a target point cloud based on the first point cloud and the second group of point clouds, a point number of the target point cloud being greater than the point number of the input point cloud.

Abstract: A system comprises an encoder configured to compress and encode data for a three-dimensional mesh. To compress the three-dimensional mesh, the encoder determines a compressed base mesh bit stream and a compressed motion bitstream. A network abstraction layer syntax defined for the compressed base mesh bit stream and the compressed motion bitstream, allows for various parameters to be defined and applied to both bit streams, such as timing information and faceIDs for faces of polygons of the mesh.

Abstract: Methods are described for rendering a virtual object at a designated position in an input digital image corresponding to a perspective of a scene. In an embodiment, the method includes: estimating a set of lighting parameters using a lighting neural network; estimating a scene layout using a layout neural network; generating an environment texture map using a texture neural network using an input including the input digital image, the lighting parameters, and the scene layout; rendering the virtual object in a virtual scene constructed using the estimated lighting parameters, the scene layout, and the environment texture map; and compositing the rendered virtual object on the input digital image at the designated position. Corresponding systems and non-transitory computer-readable media are also described.

Abstract: In order to determine contour edges within a provided image, a plurality of image cells (e.g., groupings of pixels) are created within the image. For each image cell, a numerical value for each of the pixels is compared to a predetermined threshold value to determine comparison values for each pixel. A total numerical value for each image cell may then be determined utilizing the comparison values and numerical values for each pixel within each image cell. An associated contour cell (indicating present contour edges) is then determined for each image cell by comparing the total numerical value for the image cell to a contour cell index. These operations may be performed in parallel by a graphics processing unit (GPU) for each image cell, which may improve a performance of contour edge determination for the image. The stitching of contour edges may also be performed using the GPU, which may provide additional performance improvements for image contour extraction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for determination of real subsoil composition or structure characterized in that the method comprises: —reception of unmeshed model representing the real subsoil; —determination of a sediment trajectory in said model; —based on the sediment trajectory, determination of at least one parametric surface describing a sediment formation in said model; —based on the least one parametric surface, meshing the sediment formation in said model.

Abstract: Systems, apparatuses and methods provide technology for model generation with intermediate stage caching and re-use, including generating, via a model pipeline, a multi-level set of intermediate stages for a model, caching each of the set of intermediate stages, and responsive to a change in the model pipeline, regenerating an executable for the model using a first one of the cached intermediate stages to bypass regeneration of at least one of the intermediate stages. The multi-level set of intermediate stages can correspond to a hierarchy of processing stages in the model pipeline, where using the first one of the cached intermediate stages results in bypassing regeneration of a corresponding intermediate stage and of all intermediate stages preceding the corresponding intermediate stage in the hierarchy. Further, regenerating an executable for the model can include regenerating one or more intermediate stages following the corresponding intermediate stage in the hierarchy.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for training and using a computing operation for digital image processing are provided. The apparatus and method may be used for 3-dimensional medical images. An exemplary method for digital image processing comprises: receiving an image displaying at least one detectable structure, determining the detectable structure; segmenting the image to obtain a segmentation mask that is associated with a geometric shape and comprises at least one quantifiable visual feature; generating a mesh based on the quantifiable visual feature; computing at least on quantifiable visual parameter based on the mesh; extracting quantifiable visual data from the image based on the quantifiable visual parameter; training the computing operation with the quantifiable visual data.

Abstract: A method and system for generating three-dimensional (3D) model augmented related objects from a scene are provided. The method includes creating one or more 3D objects and placing the 3D objects into the 3D scene. Embodiments herein disclose methods and systems for generating 3D augmented reality (AR) objects from a scene. The method may capture an object from the scene, perform a coarse semantic segmentation on the identified object, derive connected contour, generate intermediate contour from at least one outer and inner contours, and configure three-dimensional mesh and texture mapping to generate a three-dimensional model of the captured object.

Abstract: Systems and techniques for processing and/or transmitting three-dimensional (3D) data are presented. A partitioning component receives captured 3D data associated with a 3D model of an interior environment and partitions the captured 3D data into at least one data chunk associated with at least a first level of detail and a second level of detail. A data component stores 3D data including at least the first level of detail and the second level of detail for the at least one data chunk. An output component transmits a portion of data from the at least one data chunk that is associated with the first level of detail or the second level of detail to a remote client device based on information associated with the first level of detail and the second level of detail.

Abstract: In some examples, a sensor apparatus comprises: an array of pixel cells each including one or more photodiodes configured to generate a charge in response to light, and a charge storage device to convert the charge to output a voltage of an array of voltages, one or more an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) configured the convert the array of voltages to first pixel data, and an on-sensor controller configured to input the first pixel data into a machine-learning model to generate output data comprising prediction data associated with one or more features of the first pixel data, generate, based on the prediction data, second pixel data, the second pixel data associated with one or more transformed features of the first pixel data, and send, from the sensor apparatus to a separate receiving apparatus, the second pixel data.

Abstract: A distance measurement method is provided. The distance measurement method includes obtaining an image of a target device, the image of the target device including a target object of a first color and a background object of a second color, the first color being different from the second color; processing the image of the target device to obtain a processed image, the processed image including a processed target object of a third color and a processed background object of a fourth color; detecting a contour of the processed target object of the third color; calculating an area encircled by the contour; and calculating a distance between a camera and the target device upon determination of the area encircled by the contour.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for computing an intersection between first and second surfaces of one or more 3D models includes receiving a description for each of the first and second surfaces, using the descriptions to compute one or more intersection curves and outputting the one or more intersection curves.

Abstract: Ray tracing, and more generally, graphics operations taking place in a 3-D scene, involve a plurality of constituent graphics operations. Responsibility for executing these operations can be distributed among different sets of computation units. The sets of computation units each can execute a set of instructions on a parallelized set of input data elements and produce results. These results can be that the data elements can be categorized into different subsets, where each subset requires different processing as a next step. The data elements of these different subsets can be coalesced so that they are contiguous in a results set. The results set can be used to schedule additional computation, and if there are empty locations of a scheduling vector (after accounting for the members of a given subset), then those empty locations can be filled with other data elements that require the same further processing as that subset.

Abstract: During tracing of a primary ray in a 3-D space (e.g., a 3-D scene in graphics rendering), a ray is found to intersect a primitive (e.g., a triangle) located in the 3-D space. Secondary ray(s) may be generated for a variety of purposes. For example, occlusion rays may be generated to test occlusion of a point of intersection between the primary ray and primitive is illuminated by any of the light(s). An origin for each secondary ray can be modified from the intersection point based on characteristics of the primitive intersected. For example, an offset from the intersection point can be calculated using barycentric coordinates of the intersection point and interpolation of one or more parameters associated with vertices defining the primitive. These parameters may include a size of the primitive and differences between a geometric normal for the primitive and a respective additional vector supplied with each vertex.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method and interface provides visualization for a volume and/or a change in a volume of a virtual object, the representation usable in a user interface, comprising a first representation of the virtual object represented by a surface positioned in a three-dimensional (3D) virtual space, a bounding object input that defines a bounding object relative to the 3D virtual space, a plurality of local volumes of the virtual object, wherein a local volume of the plurality of local volumes is computed for geometry based on a bounding object feature associated with the bounding object and based on at least some vertices of the corresponding face, wherein at least some of the plurality of local volumes are aggregated to determine a global volume for the set of polygonal faces, and providing for display of a first visual indicator representing a value of the global volume.

Abstract: This disclosure describes one or more implementations of systems, non-transitory computer-readable media, and methods that apply a resolution independent, vector-based decal on a 3D object. In one or more implementations, the disclosed systems apply piecewise non-linear transformation on an input decal vector geometry to align the decal with a surface of an underlying 3D object. To apply a vector-based decal on a 3D object, in certain embodiments, the disclosed systems parameterize a 3D mesh of the 3D object to create a mesh map. Moreover, in some instances, the disclosed systems determine intersections between edges of a decal geometry and edges of the mesh map to add vertices to the decal geometry at the intersections. Additionally, in some implementations, the disclosed systems lift and project vertices of the decal geometry into three dimensions to align the vertices with faces of the 3D mesh of the 3D object.

Abstract: Devices and methods for multi-resolution geometric representation for ray tracing are described which include casting a ray in a space comprising objects represented by geometric shapes and approximating a volume of the geometric shapes using an accelerated hierarchy structure. The accelerated hierarchy structure comprises first nodes each representing a volume of one of the geometric shapes in the space and second nodes each representing an approximate volume of a group of the geometric shapes. When the ray is determined to intersect a bounding box of a second node representing one group of the geometric shapes, a selection is made between traversal and non-traversal of other second nodes based on a LOD for representing the volume of the one group of geometric shapes.

Abstract: A modeling system is provided which retrieves from memory the 3D virtual model of an object; extract an outer surface of the 3D virtual model, the outer surface including a plurality of faces; identify feature curves in each of the plurality of faces of the outer surface; generate a parameterized surface from the identified feature curves; and output the feature curves and the parameterized surface. The system may generate a list of feature curve pairs that are adjacent to one another; obtain face pairs corresponding to the feature curve pairs; obtain and add a list of faces in the outer surface to a connectivity graph mapping points in 3D space to the feature curves; for each pair of connected faces, evaluate whether an angle difference between normals of the connected faces is greater than a threshold; and then extract a feature curve based on the pair of connected faces.

Abstract: Ways to simplify connectivity data for patches are described herein. The patches are generated considering the high-resolution mesh information. The connectivity data is simplified at the patch level, while the geometry image is still preserved. For the connectivity simplification, only triangles inside the patch are simplified. If the border is still preserved, the reconstruction in 3D will not suffer from artifacts. The high-resolution geometry image can be used to reverse the simplification and improve the connectivity at the decoder side. Three embodiments of patch mesh simplification are described: quadric error edge collapse, border distance edge collapse, and border triangles only.

Abstract: Ray tracing hardware accelerators supporting motion blur and moving/deforming geometry are disclosed. For example, dynamic objects in an acceleration data structure are encoded with temporal and spatial information. The hardware includes circuitry that test ray intersections against moving/deforming geometry by applying such temporal and spatial information. Such circuitry accelerates the visibility sampling of moving geometry, including rigid body motion and object deformation, and its associated moving bounding volumes to a performance similar to that of the visibility sampling of static geometry.

Abstract: This disclosure contains methods and systems that allow filmmakers to port filmmaking and editing skills to produce content to be used in other environments, such as video game environments, and augmented reality, virtual reality, mixed reality, and non-linear storytelling environments.

Abstract: Generating polygon meshes that approximate surfaces using root-finding and iteration for mesh vertex positions. In some implementations, a method includes receiving input data that represents a surface that distinguishes an inside and an outside of a volume. A voxel grid that includes the surface is determined, the voxel grid including a plurality of voxels. Particular voxels of the voxel grid are identified, which the surface intersects. A mesh is generated that approximates the surface, the mesh including a plurality of polygons that are defined by vertices in the particular voxels. Generating the mesh includes determining positions of the vertices using a root-finding technique that finds roots of a surface function that describes the surface.

Abstract: Systems and techniques are described herein for modifying the scale and/or position of objects in images. For instance, a system can obtain a two-dimensional (2D) input image from a camera and a three-dimensional (3D) representation of the 2D input image. The system can further determine a first portion of the 3D representation of the 2D input image corresponding to a target object in the 2D input image. The system can adjust a pose of the first portion of the 3D representation of the 2D input image corresponding to the target object. The system can further generate a 2D output image having a modified version of the target object based on the adjusted pose of the first portion of the 3D representation of the 2D input image corresponding to the target object to be output on a display.

Abstract: An edge detecting device includes a feature extracting circuit configured to extract first and second feature data from an input image; a prototype generating circuit configured to generate prototype data using the first feature data and an input label, the prototype data including foreground and background information of an object; a region detecting circuit configured to generate a segmentation mask by detecting a region of an object using the first feature data and the prototype data; and an edge extracting circuit configured to generate an edge map by combining the segmentation mask and the second feature data.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for three dimensional mapping. In certain embodiments, a method may comprise executing a three dimensional mapping operation via a computing system, including capturing an image sequence of a plurality of physical surfaces via an image capture device, and receiving a user input corresponding to the image sequence, the user input identifying a location of a surface edge from the plurality of physical surfaces. The three dimensional mapping operation may further include identifying a plurality of feature points within the image sequence based on a projected light pattern on the plurality of physical surfaces, and generating a three dimensional map of the plurality of physical surfaces based on the image sequence, the user input, and the plurality of feature points.

Abstract: A computing device is configured to obtain gridline information for a three-dimensional drawing file and generate a two-dimensional view of the three-dimensional drawing file that includes (1) at least one gridline corresponding to the obtained gridline information, (2) at least one intersection between two meshes, and (3) initial dimensioning information involving (a) the at least one gridline and (b) at least one of the two meshes. Based on a user request to adjust a perspective of the two-dimensional view, the computing device adjusts the perspective of the two-dimensional view and thereby generates an updated two-dimensional view that includes updated dimensioning information corresponding to one or more meshes displayed in the updated two-dimensional view.

Abstract: A system and method for rock mass structure detection and dangerous rock detection including a rock mass structure automated detection device and a server. The rock mass structure automated detection device includes a three-dimensional laser scanning device and a two-dimensional image acquisition device for respectively acquiring three-dimensional laser point cloud data and a two-dimensional image of a tunnel construction region. The server communicates with the rock mass structure automated detection device and includes a block structure three-dimensional modeling module and a block structure geometric stability analysis module.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for vehicle impact analysis including obtaining a B-Rep representing an outer surface of a vehicle, the B-Rep having faces and obtaining a radius value for a contact sphere. The method also includes determining one or more two-point-contact curves of the B-Rep for the radius value. The determining includes, for each respective two-point-contact curve, solving a respective differential equation based on the B-Rep. The method forms an improved solution for vehicle impact analysis.

Abstract: A medical imaging communication system processes medical images for being transmitted to a client device. The system receives a set of images, each image corresponding to a slice of a three-dimensional object. The system combines a first subset of the images into a first combined image and combines a second subset of the images into a second combined image. The first and second combined image are compressed using a lossless compression algorithm and transmitted to the client device.

Abstract: Embodiments presented in this disclosure provide for dynamic application of user selected visual accessibility transforms onto glyphs of standard fonts so that, for instance, a user device can present textual content to a user in a form personalized by the user to be more readable. In accordance with some aspects, a user selection of a font transformation is received. A set of initial control points of an initial glyph is transposed based on the font transformation to generate a set of modified control points. A modified glyph is constructed using differential evolution based at least on the set of initial control points and the set of modified control points.

Abstract: A method of generating identifiers (IDs) for primitives and optionally vertices during tessellation. The IDs include a binary sequence of bits that represents the sub-division steps taken during the tessellation process and so encodes the way in which tessellation has been performed. Such an ID may subsequently be used to generate a random primitive or vertex and hence recalculate vertex data for that primitive or vertex.

Abstract: Implementations of blender hardware perform both domain shading and blending and whilst some vertices may not require blending, all vertices require domain shading. The blender hardware includes a cache and/or a content addressable memory and these data structures are used to reduce duplicate domain shading operations.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods and apparatus for graphics processing. The apparatus may identify at least one mesh associated with at least one frame. The apparatus may also divide the at least one mesh into a plurality of groups of primitives, each of the plurality of groups of primitives including at least one primitive and a plurality of vertices. The apparatus may also compress the plurality of groups of primitives into a plurality of groups of compressed primitives, the plurality of groups of compressed primitives being associated with random access. Additionally, the apparatus may decompress the plurality of groups of compressed primitives, at least one first group of the plurality of groups of compressed primitives being decompressed in parallel with at least one second group of the plurality of groups of compressed primitives.

Abstract: Methods and systems describe augmenting image content presented on a mirror display. The method includes detecting images of a user in an activity volume in front of the mirror display; the detecting includes identifying a body of the user and tracking movements by the user while in the activity volume. The method includes receiving a request to predict a change in physique of the body of the user, the request includes input parameters that identify a physical exercise and an amount of said physical exercise. The method includes generating an augmented image of the body of the user; the augmented image of the body has said change in physique, the change in physique of the body is assembled from one or more three-dimensional (3D) models of one or more body parts of the body that have been adjusted in shape.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus includes a detection unit that detects an area of a target object from an image captured by an image capturing apparatus, a first model generation unit that generates a front surface model representing a front surface of the target object based on the area of the target object, and a second model generation unit that generates a back surface model representing a back surface of the target object based on points provided by movement of a plurality of points on the front surface model by a distance corresponding to a thickness of the target object in respective normal directions.

Abstract: Provided is a method for reconstructing a face mesh model. The method includes: acquiring face scanning data to be reconstructed and a three-dimensional face mesh template; obtaining a target face mesh model by hierarchically extracting key feature points in the 3D face mesh template and by sequentially deforming the 3D face mesh template based on posture matching positions of the hierarchically extracted key feature points in the face scanning data; and obtaining a reconstructed face mesh model by acquiring global feature points in the target face mesh model and by deforming the target face mesh model based on the posture matching positions of the global feature points in the face scanning data.

Abstract: A method for generating a more accurate mesh that represents a 3D printed part based on a model includes slicing the model into layers and identifying an infill-wall boundary and an exterior-interior boundary of each layer of the model. Layers of the model may be identified as critical by iterative comparison with adjacent layers. An interior voxel mesh may be constructed based on common two-dimensional reference grids imposed on the critical layers. The interior voxel mesh may be augmented to an augmented mesh and then extended to a protomesh. The protomesh may be extruded to construct the final mesh, which may be analyzed by finite element analysis. The part may be 3D printed based on the layers output by the slicing operation.

Abstract: Generating polygon meshes that approximate surfaces using iteration for mesh vertex positions. In some implementations, a method includes receiving input data that represents a surface distinguishing a volume, where a voxel grid includes the surface. Particular voxels of the voxel grid are identified, which the surface intersects. A surface-approximating mesh is generated including polygons defined by vertices in the particular voxels. Generating the mesh includes determining approximate positions of a subset of the vertices in a subset of the particular voxels, based on interpolation of locations in the voxel subset where the surface intersects the voxel subset. Errors between approximate voxel values (based on the approximate positions) and assigned voxel values of the particular voxels (based on the input data) are determined, and the approximate position of at least one vertex of the subset of the vertices is adjusted using a successive over-relaxation technique to reduce the errors.

Abstract: A technique for performing ray tracing operations is provided. The technique includes processing small bounding box nodes in a box intersection test circuit to generate intersection test results for the small bounding box nodes; and processing large bounding box nodes in the box intersection test circuit to generate intersection test results for the large bounding box nodes.

Abstract: A graphics system includes an effect engine and a graphics pipeline. The graphics pipeline performs pipeline operations on graphical objects in a frame. The graphics pipeline includes at least a fragment shader stage. An application programming interface (API) provides an instruction that specifies a subset of the graphical objects in the frame for the effect engine to execute. When detecting the instruction, the graphics pipeline invokes the effect engine to perform a predefined set of graphics operations on the subset of the graphical objects in the frame. The predefined set of graphics operations has a higher computational complexity than the pipeline operations.

Abstract: Methods and coarse depth test logic perform coarse depth testing in a graphics processing system in which a rendering space is divided into a plurality of tiles. A depth range for a tile identifies a depth range based on primitives previously processed. A determination is made based on the depth range for the tile as to whether all or a portion of a primitive is hidden in the tile. If at least a portion of the primitive is not hidden in the tile, a determination is made as to whether the primitive or a primitive fragment thereof has better depth than the primitives previously processed for the tile. If so, the primitive or the primitive fragment is identified as not requiring a read of a depth buffer to perform full resolution depth testing, such that a determination that at least a portion of the primitive is hidden in the tile causes full resolution depth testing not to be performed on at least that portion of the primitive.

Abstract: Systems and methods for performing a processing operation for a tiled image region are disclosed. The tiled image region may include a plurality of tiles or images. Further, the tiled image region may correspond to a plurality of image resolutions. A system may execute a game development application to perform the processing operation for the tiled image region. The system may identify the tiled image region corresponding to the processing operation. The system can utilize a texture array, a lookup texture, and a scaling factor to determine position data for the tiled image region. The system can then render a continuous image region that represents the tiled image region. The system can seamlessly process the continuous image region according to the processing operation and use the continuous image region to update the tiled image region.

Abstract: Methods and systems for selectively smoothing an input surface mesh based on identified staircase artifacts are disclosed. Staircase artifacts may be generated along any one of a surface mesh's coordinate vectors. Vertices in the surface mesh associated with the staircase artifact are identified by comparing normalized angles between normal vectors of a plurality of faces adjacent to a vertex and a reference vector. Multiple reference vectors are used to identify additional artifact vertices. Weighted values may be generated for each vertex of the surface mesh based on the vertex's proximity to an identified artifact vertex. Vertices of a surface mesh may be subjected to a modified smoothing algorithm using the weighted values. The modified smoothing algorithm removes staircase artifacts while better preserving model volume and small model features.

Abstract: Methods and primitive block generators for generating primitive blocks in a graphics processing system. The methods comprise: receiving transformed position data for a current primitive, the transformed position data indicating a position of the current primitive in rendering space; determining a distance between the position of the current primitive and a position of a current primitive block based on the transformed position data for the current primitive; determining whether to add the current primitive to the current primitive block based on the distance and a fullness of the current primitive block; in response to determining that the current primitive is to be added to the current primitive block, adding the current primitive to the current primitive block; and in response to determining that the current primitive is not to be added to the current primitive block, flushing the current primitive block and adding the current primitive to a new current primitive block.

Abstract: A package measuring apparatus includes a depth sensor, the package having a rectangular parallelepiped shape and placed on a mounting table, and at least one processor. The processor obtains spatial coordinates of four vertices within a space in which the center of the depth sensor is set as the point of origin based on data of a distance from the depth sensor to each of the four vertices and data of a position of each sensor element of the depth sensor corresponding to each of the four vertices. The processor calculates, based on the spatial coordinates of the four vertices, a length of each of three sides defined between a first vertex and three other vertices.

Abstract: An image source (407) provides an image divided into segments of different sizes with only a subset of these comprising image data. A metadata generator (409) generates metadata structured in accordance with a tree data structure where each node is linked to a segment of the image. Each node is a branch node linking the parent node to child nodes linked to segments that are subdivisions of the parent node, or a leaf node which has no children. A leaf node is either an unused leaf node linked to a segment for which the first image comprises no image data or a used leaf node linked to a segment for which the first image comprises image data. The metadata indicates whether each node is a branch node, a used leaf node, or an unused leaf node. An image signal generator (405) generates an image signal comprising the image data of the first image and the metadata.

Abstract: A method and system provide the ability to design a terrain surface. A triangular surface mesh representative of an existing surface is obtained. One or more constraints to control the triangular surface mesh are specified. Drainage for the triangular surface mesh is automatically determined based on the constraints. The triangular surface mesh is optimized based on the drainage and one or more design options. The optimizing modifies the triangular surface mesh to define drainage flow for the drainage.

Abstract: Provided is a method for generating a hollow structure of a 3D model on the basis of a 2D laminated cross-sectional outline to reduce the amount of using a material or the weight of a printed matter during laminating and manufacturing. The method for generating a hollow structure based on a 2D laminated cross-sectional outline, according to an embodiment of the present invention, comprises the steps of: slicing the 3D model; generating a hollow structure outline on the basis of the result of the slicing; detecting an overhang area between adjacent hollow structure outlines; recalculating the hollow structure outline according to the result of detecting the overhang area; and generating a hollow structure mesh on the basis of the recalculated hollow structure outline. Accordingly, because 2D laminated cross-sectional data is used, a hollow structure can be generated without separate data processing, thereby reducing a calculation burden.

Abstract: In tile-based graphics processing systems, a tiling unit determines which tiles of a rendering space a primitive is in, such that the primitives in a tile can be rendered. Rather than performing tiling calculations for each tile in a bounding box for a primitive, tiling tests can be performed for a subset of the tiles. Then the results of the tiling tests for the subset of tiles can be used to determine whether the primitive is in other tiles which are located within a region bounded by two or more of the tiles of the subset. In this way the tiling process can be implemented without performing tiling calculations for all of the tiles in the bounding box for a primitive. Reducing the number of tiling calculations can help to improve the efficiency of the graphics processing system (in terms of speed and power consumption) for rendering a primitive.

Abstract: A three-dimensional data encoding method includes: generating predicted position information using position information on three-dimensional points included in three-dimensional reference data associated with a time different from a time associated with current three-dimensional data; and encoding position information on three-dimensional points included in the current three-dimensional data, using the predicted position information.