Abstract: A printing element board includes a plurality of memory modules each including a memory element and a driving circuit, a plurality of discharge modules, a control data supply unit configured to select one of a memory module and a discharge module from the plurality of memory modules and the plurality of discharge modules and perform drive control, and a logical product calculation unit configured to, when the memory module is selected, receive a first signal and a second signal output at the same timing, and supply a signal indicating a logical product of the first and second signals to the control data supply unit. When the signal indicating the logical product of the first and second signals is not supplied from the calculation unit, the supply unit does not perform drive control of the memory module.

Abstract: A liquid ejecting apparatus is configured to drive a drive element that is driven in accordance with a drive signal for ejecting a plurality of liquid droplets such that the liquid droplets merge together before landing onto a medium. The drive signal includes a plurality of drive waveforms and a first connection waveform that is continuous from a second-to-last drive waveform and continuous to a last drive waveform and along which a potential of the drive signal is kept at a reference level. Pressure changes caused by the contraction waveform of the last drive waveform in a liquid present inside the pressure compartment are larger than pressure changes caused by the contraction waveform of the second-to-last drive waveform in the liquid present inside the pressure compartment. A period of the first connection waveform is 0.8 or more times as long as a natural vibration cycle of the ejecting portion.

Abstract: A liquid discharge apparatus includes: a head including a pressure chamber and a nozzle, the head configured to discharge a liquid in the pressure chamber from the nozzle; circuitry configured to generate a drive waveform including multiple drive pulses to be applied to the head, the drive waveform successively including, in time series: a non-discharge pulse that does not cause the head to discharge the liquid from the nozzle; a latter discharge pulse after the non-discharge pulse, the latter discharge pulse including a contraction waveform element that contracts the pressure chamber to discharge the liquid from the nozzle; and a contraction waveform including the contraction waveform element that contracts the pressure chamber.

Abstract: A liquid discharge apparatus includes: a liquid discharge head configured to discharge a liquid from a nozzle; a drive waveform generator configured to generate a drive waveform including multiple drive pulses to be applied to the liquid discharge head, the multiple drive pulses successively including: a first drive pulse configured to cause the liquid discharge head to discharge the liquid; a second drive pulse configured to cause the liquid discharge head not to discharged the liquid while causing meniscus of the liquid in the nozzle in the liquid discharge head to vibrate; and a third drive pulse configured to cause the liquid discharge head to discharge the liquid; in time series.

Abstract: There is provided a method for controlling driving of an inkjet head including recording elements each including a nozzle and a driving element. The method includes a pulse width setting step. In this step, when a predetermined number of ink droplets ejected according to the predetermined number of driving pulses are made to land in the same pixel range, the predetermined number of first driving pulses each having a pulse width longer than a reference pulse width and the predetermined number of second driving pulses each having a pulse width shorter than the reference pulse width are combined for each of the recording elements and obtained combinations are respectively output to the recording elements. The predetermined number is two or more.

Abstract: There is provided a liquid discharging apparatus including: a liquid discharging head; an electrode; a voltage supplier configured to generate an electric potential difference between the liquid discharging head and the electrode; a first output part; and a voltage comparer connected to the voltage supplier. The voltage comparer includes a comparing signal output part configured to output a comparing signal. The voltage supplier is configured to: execute boosting to increase the magnitude of the voltage to be outputted from the voltage supplier in a case that the comparing signal indicates that a magnitude of the voltage outputted from the voltage supplier is not more than a magnitude of a predetermined voltage; and stop the boosting in a case that the comparing signal indicates that the magnitude of the voltage outputted from the voltage supplier is larger than the magnitude of the predetermined voltage.

Abstract: Provided is a drive method of a liquid discharging head including a first step of forming a first liquid column by supplying a drive signal having a first waveform to a drive element, and a second step of, when the first liquid column is formed, forming a second liquid column by supplying a drive signal having a second waveform to the drive element, and thereafter discharging a part or all of liquid constituting the second liquid column as a droplet, in which when a drive signal having the first waveform but not having the second waveform is supplied to the drive element, a droplet is not discharged from the discharging portion, and when a drive signal having the second waveform but not having the first waveform is supplied to the drive element, a droplet is not discharged from the discharging portion.

Abstract: A liquid discharge apparatus includes a liquid discharge head configured to discharge a liquid, and a drive waveform generator configured to generate a drive waveform to be applied to the liquid discharge head, the drive waveform including a first discharge pulse to cause the liquid discharge head to discharge the liquid, a second discharge pulse after the first discharge pulse, the second discharge pulse to cause the liquid discharge head to discharge the liquid, and a pulse interval between the first discharge pulse and the second discharge pulse, the pulse interval being equal to a time period in which the liquid is discharged by the second discharge pulse in a damping state in which the second discharge pulse is damped by a meniscus vibration generated by the first discharge pulse.

Abstract: A liquid discharge apparatus includes a channel member defining a nozzle and a pressure chamber in communication with the nozzle; an actuator which applies pressure to liquid in the pressure chamber, and a controller which applies a drive signal to the actuator. The drive signal includes a rectangular main pulse and a rectangular cancel pulse applied after the main pulse within one discharge period. The actuator is driven by the drive signal in a pull-and-push method to discharge the liquid from the nozzle. If f (kHz) refers to a drive frequency of the drive signal, if Tw (?sec) refers to a time length from a falling edge of the main pulse to a rising edge of the cancel pulse, and if Tc (?sec) refers to a pulse width of the cancel pulse, then the following expression holds: 50?f??11.3×(Tw+Tc)+120.

Abstract: There is provided a printing apparatus including: a nozzle; a head; a signal generating circuit configured to generate, based on at least a first data representing a first driving waveform and a second data representing a second driving waveform different from the first driving waveform, a time division multiplex signal; a separating circuit to which the time division multiplex signal is inputted and which includes a switch configured to separate, from the time division multiplex signal, a first driving waveform signal representing the first driving waveform or a second driving waveform signal representing the second driving waveform, based on a synchronization signal; and a synchronization signal generating circuit configured to generate the synchronization signal indicating an opening and closing timing of the switch. The synchronization signal generating circuit is a circuit different from the signal generating circuit.

Abstract: According to one or more embodiments, the inkjet head includes an actuator and a driver. The actuator causes a pressure chamber to expand or contract. The driver applies an ejection pulse to the actuator to eject ink from the pressure chamber. The ejection pulse includes an expansion pulse having a width of 0.75 to 1.25 times a pressure propagation time of the pressure chamber, a rest period after the expansion pulse, and a contraction pulse after the rest period.

Abstract: The N candidate timings Tc (I) from the first one to the N-th one which are arranged in chronological order with an interval of the cycle Cs in accordance with the transport speed V of the printing medium WP are set. When the I-th candidate timing Tc (I) is set outside the prohibition interval Pw with the (I?1)th output timing Td (I?1) as the starting point timing, the I-th candidate timing Tc (I) is determined as the I-th output timing Td (I). On the other hand, when the I-th candidate timing Tc (I) is set within the prohibition interval Pw with the (I?1)th output timing Td (I?1) as the starting point timing, a timing after the prohibition interval Pw is determined as the I-th output timing Td (I).

Abstract: There is provided a liquid discharge apparatus includes a first transistor in which a second terminal and a third terminal are electrically coupled to according to a first terminal, a second transistor in which a fifth terminal and a sixth terminal are electrically coupled to according to a fourth terminal, and a coil that has one end electrically coupled to the second terminal and the sixth terminal, and the other end electrically coupled to the discharge head, a shortest distance between the second terminal and the one end of the coil is shorter than that between the third terminal and the one end of the coil, a shortest distance between the sixth terminal and the one end of the coil is shorter than that between the fifth terminal and the one end of the coil.

Abstract: A fluid ejection head and a method of detecting the presence of fluid in an ejection chamber. The ejection head includes a semiconductor substrate having an elongate fluid supply via etched therethrough. An array of fluid ejectors is disposed adjacent to the fluid supply via, wherein the elongate fluid supply via provides fluid to the array of fluid ejectors for ejection of fluid from the ejection head. Fluid sense cells for the array of fluid ejectors are disposed at each end of the fluid supply via, wherein each of the fluid sense cells has a fluid ejector, an electrode disposed in a fluid chamber for the fluid ejector, and an electrode disposed in a fluid channel associated with a fluid chamber. A fluid detection circuit is provided in electrical communication with each of the fluid sense cells for detecting the presence or absence of fluid in the fluid chamber.

Abstract: A controller of a liquid ejection device obtains a temperature of a head after recording and before a pre-cap flushing and determines a pre-cap flushing voltage based on the temperature. Then, the controller outputs the pre-cap flushing voltage to the head in the pre-cap flushing process.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus includes circuitry. The circuitry acquires a first state parameter indicative of a state of a printer engine of an image forming apparatus. The circuitry performs comparison between the first state parameter acquired and each of second state parameters registered in a memory in advance and indicative of states of the printer engine of the image forming apparatus at creation of a plurality of color profiles. The circuitry searches for a color profile corresponding to a second state parameter closest to the first state parameter from among the second state parameters.

Abstract: A method of printing an image from a printhead module having a plurality of horizontal nozzle rows, the method including the steps of: allocating first dot data for an image line of the image to nozzles of a main row portion of a first nozzle row; allocating second dot data for the image line to nozzles of a dropped row portion of a second nozzle row; and sending the first and second dot data to the printhead module and firing respective droplets. Each nozzle row of the printhead module has a same number of nozzles N; and the first nozzle row and the second nozzle row are non-corresponding nozzle rows, such that a number of nozzles contained in the main portion of the first nozzle row and a number of nozzles contained in the dropped row portion of the second nozzle row is greater or fewer than N nozzles.

Abstract: A liquid ejection device includes a liquid supply unit, an array of nozzles arranged in a matrix and through which liquid is ejected, actuators each connected to one of the nozzles, and a circuit configured to output signals to the actuators according to delay times that are predetermined in a matrix corresponding to the matrix of the array. The delay times include (k+l?1) or more different delay times where the matrix thereof has k columns and l rows. The matrix is defined such that a difference of two adjacent delay times in each of column and row directions is an odd multiple of a half cycle of a natural vibration period of the liquid, and between two adjacent columns and rows, two or more different delay time differences exist between each pair of corresponding delay times of the adjacent columns and rows, respectively.

Abstract: A recording apparatus includes: an apparatus main body having a recording unit that performs recording onto a recording medium; and a unit body which is provided on an upper side of the apparatus main body, and forms a plurality of boundaries between the unit body and a top of the apparatus main body, wherein a recess that receives liquid entering through a gap is formed for each of the plurality of boundaries.

Abstract: There are provided a liquid jet head and so on capable of ensuring the ejection stability of the liquid even when jetting the liquid high in viscosity irrespective of the structure of the liquid jet head. The liquid jet head according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a plurality of nozzles, an actuator having a plurality of pressure chambers, and a drive section for applying a drive signal to the actuator. The plurality of pulses in the drive signal include at least one first pulse configured to expand the volume of the pressure chamber, and at least one second pulse configured to contract the volume of the pressure chamber, and the pressure in the pressure chamber changes with time including a plurality of extremal values in one cycle.

Abstract: An imprint apparatus forms imprint material using a mold on a substrate. The imprint apparatus includes a movable stage configured to hold the substrate, a supply portion configured to discharge the imprint material, and a control unit configured to cause the supply portion to discharge the imprint material while moving the stage so that the imprint material is supplied onto the substrate. The control unit controls discharge of the imprint material from the supply portion so that a target amount of the imprint material is arranged at a target position on the substrate, based on property information indicating a relation between a discharge amount of imprint material from the supply portion and a position on a target object where the imprint material is to be arranged.

Abstract: A liquid jetting device is arranged to eject a droplet of a liquid. The device includes a nozzle, a liquid duct connected to the nozzle, an electro-mechanical transducer arranged to create an acoustic pressure wave in the liquid in the duct, and an electronic control system arranged to apply to the transducer a voltage signal having a waveform configured for ejecting a droplet from the nozzle. The waveform is further configured to quench a residual acoustic pressure wave in the liquid duct and includes a jet pulse, a subsequent first quench pulse having a polarity opposite to that of the jet pulse, and a subsequent second quench pulse having the same polarity as the jet pulse.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a liquid ejection head includes a pressure chamber that contains a liquid, an actuator to change the pressure in the pressure chamber according to an applied drive signal, and a drive circuit to apply a first drive signal to the actuator when a single droplet is to be ejected from the pressure chamber and a second drive signal to the actuator when two or more droplets are to be ejected in series from the pressure chamber. The first drive signal has a first auxiliary pulse before a first ejection pulse. The second drive signal has a second auxiliary pulse before the first ejection pulse. A pulse width of the first auxiliary pulse is greater than a pulse width of the second auxiliary pulse.

Abstract: A liquid ejection head, a liquid ejection apparatus, and a liquid ejection method are capable of sufficiently suppressing the thickening of a liquid in an ejection orifice. The liquid ejection head includes a pressure chamber, a channel in which a liquid is caused to flow through the pressure chamber, an ejection orifice communicating with the pressure chamber, and an ejection energy generation element configured to eject the liquid in the pressure chamber from the ejection orifice. A meniscus of the liquid is formed at an end portion of the ejection orifice communicating with the pressure chamber.

Abstract: An imprint apparatus includes a controller for controlling an imprint process and a supply device for supplying an imprint material. The supply device includes discharge devices to discharge an imprint material, and a discharge controller to control the discharge devices under the control of the controller. The discharge controller includes a buffer memory to temporarily store driving waveform data. Each of the discharge devices includes a discharge element and a driver for driving the discharge element based on the driving waveform data stored in the buffer memory. While a supply step of supplying an imprint material for a first shot region is performed, the controller transfers the driving waveform data for the supply step of a second shot region to a storage area of the buffer memory which is not used in the supply step of the first shot region.

Abstract: A multi-chip module (MCM) assembly comprising: a graphite substrate comprising a plurality of silicon chips directly attached to the graphite substrate, and a Printed Wiring Board (PWB) attached to the graphite substrate by means of a solvent-resistant adhesive glue and provided with openings surrounding outer profiles of the silicon chips. A printing bar comprising a plurality of the MCM assemblies is also disclosed.

Abstract: A liquid discharge apparatus includes a nozzle plate with nozzles and actuators and a drive controller. First and second nozzles are directly adjacent to each other in a first direction. First and third nozzles are directly adjacent to each other in a second direction. The drive controller is configured to apply a drive signal to first, second, and third actuators corresponding to the first, second, and third nozzles, respectively, during a drive cycle. A difference between a first timing at which the drive signal is applied to the first actuator and a second timing at which the drive signal is applied to the second actuator and a difference between the first timing and a third timing at which the drive signal is applied to the third actuator is an odd number multiple of a half of an inherent vibration cycle of the liquid discharge apparatus.

Abstract: An integrated circuit for a print component including a number of memory bits. The integrated circuit may include a selection circuit to select at least one memory bit of the number of memory bits and fire actuators of a fire pulse group. The integrated circuit may include a memory voltage regulator to provide a write voltage to the at least one memory bit of the number of memory bits.

Abstract: In some examples, a fluid dispensing device component includes a plurality of fluidic dies each comprising a memory, a plurality of control inputs to provide respective control information to respective fluidic dies of the plurality of fluidic dies, and a data bus connected to the plurality of fluidic dies, the data bus to provide data of the memories of the plurality of fluidic dies to an output of the fluid dispensing device component.

Abstract: A printing apparatus comprising a printing element substrate, including a substrate including a heating element for heating and discharging liquid and a temperature detecting element for detecting a temperature of the substrate, wherein a detection period, during which a detecting result is obtainable, extends across a plurality of cycles of a latch signal, and a heating enabling signal for discharging the liquid and the latch signal are output such that, in the detection period, an output value of a temperature waveform does not exceed a preset threshold value, the temperature waveform being a temperature waveform of the substrate detected by the temperature detecting element.

Abstract: There is provided an ink jet recording apparatus including an ink jet head and a drive circuit. The ink jet head forms an image on a recording medium in response to a drive signal applied to multiple piezoelectric elements. The drive signal causes multiple pressure chambers corresponding to the multiple piezoelectric elements to expand or to contract in volume and causes ink in the multiple pressure chambers to be discharged from multiple nozzles. The drive circuit generates a drive signal for discharging multiple liquid droplets to one pixel for combining the multiple liquid droplets together and applies the drive signal to each of the multiple piezoelectric elements of the ink jet head. The drive signal includes multiple discharge pulses which make velocities of tips of respective liquid columns substantially same after a predetermined time from starting of ink discharge from the nozzles.

Abstract: One embodiment relates to an aqueous inkjet ink containing a pigment (A), a polymer compound (B), a water-soluble organic solvent (C) and a surfactant (D), wherein the water-soluble organic solvent (C) includes ethylene glycol and/or 1,3-propanediol (c1), and a water-soluble organic solvent (c2) having a specific static surface tension, the acid value of the polymer compound (B), the amount of water-soluble organic solvent having a boiling point at 1 atmosphere of 240° C. or higher, and the weight average boiling point at 1 atmosphere for the water-soluble organic solvent (C) are all prescribed values, and the blend amounts of the various components satisfy specific relationships.

Abstract: A fluid ejection controller interface includes input logic to receive control data packets and a first clock signal, each control data packet including a set of primitive data bits and a set of random bits, wherein the input logic identifies the random bits in the received control data packets to facilitate the creation of modified control data packets. The fluid ejection controller interface includes a clock signal generator to generate a second clock signal that is different than the first clock signal, and output logic to receive the modified control data packets, and output the modified control data packets to a fluid ejection controller of a fluid ejection device based on the second clock signal.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an actuator of a liquid ejection head is supplied with a drive signal including a first waveform and at least one second waveform. First waveform includes a first change from a first voltage to a second voltage, and a second change from the second voltage to a third voltage less than the first voltage. A second waveform begins after a time equal to one half of the natural oscillation period of liquid in a pressure chamber of the liquid ejection head. The second waveform includes a change from the third voltage to the second voltage and a change from second voltage to the third voltage after a time less than one half of the natural oscillation period.

Abstract: A fluidic die includes a number of actuators to eject fluid from the fluidic die. The number of actuators form a number of primitives. The fluidic die includes a plurality of delays within a column of the primitives, and a processing device to control the delays through which a number of activation pulses pass. The activation pulses activate each of the actuators associated with the primitives. The activation pulses are delayed between the primitives via at least one of the delays to reduce peak power demands of the fluidic die.

Abstract: In one example, an apparatus includes a carriage to carry a payload through a manufacturing space at the urging of control elements in a control space and a belt movable with the carriage to block contaminants in the manufacturing space from passing to the control space along a carriage travel path.

Abstract: A die for a printhead is provided in examples. The die includes a number of fluidic actuator arrays, proximate to a number of fluid feed holes. A number of address lines are disposed proximate to a number of logic circuits on a low-voltage side of the fluid feed holes. An address decoder circuit is coupled to at least a portion of the address lines to select a fluidic actuator in a fluidic actuator array for firing. The address decoder circuit is customized to select a different address for each fluidic actuator in the fluidic actuator array. A logic circuit triggers a driver circuit located in a high-voltage side of the plurality of fluid feed holes opposite the low-voltage side, based, at least in part, on a bit value for the fluidic actuator array, the fluidic actuator selected by the address decoder circuit, and a firing signal.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus includes a processing unit that converts first input image data for a first region and second input image data for a second region to reduce a difference between first region recorded image density and second region recorded image density, and generates dot position data of a dot to be generated in each of the first and second regions based on the dot data after the conversion processing. The acquisition unit acquires edge information indicating a first object pixel edge of an image pixel for the first region and a second object pixel edge of an image pixel for the second region. Based on the acquired edge information, conversion and generation processing are performed in such a manner that a color signal of an edge pixel is increased/reduced to a degree lower than a degree to which a color signal of a non-edge object pixel is increased/reduced.

Abstract: A printing apparatus, including a conveyor, a liquid ejection head with nozzles, a contact part to contact a surface of a recording medium and a controller, is provided. The controller executes printing processes including a first printing process with a first conveying action and a second printing process with a second conveying action. The controller obtains a length of a non-printing region in the recording medium, and in the second printing process, designates a nozzle within a contact range, in which the recording medium is maintained contacted by the contact part upon completion of the conveying action in a final printing process, to be a second nozzle, which is activated to print a most downstream part of the image. The longer the length of the non-printing region is, the closer nozzle closer to an upstream end of conveyance among the plurality of nozzles is designated to be the second nozzle.

Abstract: A liquid discharge head includes an actuator and a drive circuit. The actuator is configured to expand and contract a pressure chambers. The drive circuit is configured to apply a first drive waveform to cause the actuator to discharge a liquid droplet at a first speed, and then a second drive waveform after the first drive waveform to cause the actuator to discharge a liquid droplet at a second speed slower than the first speed.

Abstract: A liquid discharge apparatus includes a liquid discharge head to discharge liquid and control circuitry to generate a drive waveform including drive pulses applied to the head. The drive waveform includes a non-discharge pulse not to discharge the liquid and a discharge pulse to discharge the liquid. The non-discharge pulse and the discharge pulse are serial in time in the drive waveform. Td is in a range of Tc?0.2×Tc to Tc+0.45×Tc. Vp1 is in a range of ?10% to +10% of Vpp1. Td represents a time interval between the non-discharge pulse and the discharge pulse. Tc represents a natural vibration period of a pressure chamber of the head. Vp1 represents a peak value of the non-discharge pulse. Vpp1 represents a peak value of the non-discharge pulse at which a droplet speed of liquid discharged by the discharge pulse takes a local minimum value.

Abstract: There is provided a driving circuit that drives a discharge head which includes a piezoelectric element, the driving circuit including: a first voltage signal output circuit that outputs the first voltage signal by operating based on an amplification control signal; and an integrated circuit that outputs the amplification control signal, in which the integrated circuit includes an amplification control signal generation circuit, an output control circuit, and a first register, in which the amplification control signal generation circuit generates the amplification control signal based on a drive data that defines a signal waveform of the first voltage signal input from an input terminal, in which the first register holds an operating state data that defines the operating state of the driving circuit input from the input terminal, and in which the output control circuit controls an output of the driving circuit based on the operating state data.

Abstract: There is a provided a drive circuit including a power supply voltage control circuit that controls supply of a power supply voltage to a first device and a second device, a first drive signal output circuit that includes a first detection circuit detecting a voltage value of the power supply voltage, and outputs a first drive signal, a second drive signal output circuit that includes a second detection circuit detecting the voltage value of the power supply voltage, and outputs a second drive signal, a first fuse having one end electrically coupled to a first detection circuit and a first selection circuit, and the other end electrically coupled to the power supply voltage control circuit, and a second fuse having one end electrically coupled to a second detection circuit and a second selection circuit, and the other end electrically coupled to the power supply voltage control circuit.

Abstract: A method for depositing droplets onto a medium, utilising a droplet deposition head is provided. The head used in the method includes: an array of fluid chambers separated by interspersed walls, each fluid chamber communicating with an aperture for the release of fluid droplets and each wall separating two neighbouring chambers. Each wall is actuable such that, in response to a first voltage, it will deform so as to decrease the volume of one chamber and increase the volume of the other chamber, and, in response to a second voltage, it will deform so as to cause the opposite effect on the volumes of its neighbouring chambers.

Abstract: A print head includes a piezoelectric element that includes a first electrode supplied with a drive signal and a second electrode supplied with a reference voltage signal and is displaced by a difference in electric potential between the first electrode and the second electrode, a cavity that is filled with a liquid ejected from a nozzle along with the displacement of the piezoelectric element, a vibration plate that is disposed between the cavity and the piezoelectric element, a switch circuit that switches between supplying and not supplying the drive signal to the first electrode, and a low pass filter circuit that is electrically connected in parallel with the switch circuit.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a device for ejecting a fluid, including the steps of: forming, in a first semiconductor wafer that houses a nozzle of the ejection device, a first structural layer; removing selective portions of the first structural layer to form a first portion of a chamber for containing the fluid; removing, in a second semiconductor wafer that houses an actuator of the ejection device, selective portions of a second structural layer to form a second portion of the chamber; and coupling together the first and second semiconductor wafers so that the first portion directly faces the second portion, thus forming the chamber. The first portion defines a part of volume of the chamber that is larger than a respective part of volume of the chamber defined by the second portion.

Abstract: A print head includes a piezoelectric element that includes a first electrode supplied with a drive signal and a second electrode supplied with a reference voltage signal and is displaced by a difference in electric potential between the first electrode and the second electrode, a cavity that is filled with a liquid ejected from a nozzle along with the displacement of the piezoelectric element, a vibration plate that is disposed between the cavity and the piezoelectric element, a low pass filter circuit that is supplied with the drive signal, a first switch circuit that switches between supplying and not supplying the drive signal to the first electrode, and a second switch circuit that switches between supplying and not supplying the drive signal after passing through the low pass filter circuit to the first electrode.

Abstract: This system combines 3D printing technology with artificially modified cells for production of nonliving biomaterials. A 3D printer deposits a 3D array of bioengineered cells in the shape of a selected product. The cells are programmed to produce biomaterials in regulated amounts. The cell array deposits biomaterials onto a substrate. The cells and substrate are then removed, leaving a finished, nonliving product with microscale structure and precision.

Abstract: A method of image-distance transformation using bi-directional scans is provided. The method includes the steps of: performing a first scan on each pixel of an input image using a first mask in a first order to generate an intermediate image; and performing a second scan on each pixel of the intermediate image using a second mask in a second order to obtain distance information of each pixel in the input image. A first current pixel in the input image that is not compared with prior pixels in the first order and in a first current segment is used in the first comparison process in the first scan, and a second current pixel that is compared with prior pixels in the second order and in a second segment is used in the second comparison process in the second scan.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus configured to generate, based on image data corresponding to a printing image, print data for causing a printer to execute printing includes an input unit (input device, display device) configured to receive, for each of the first ink and the second ink, an ink discharge correction volume for correcting an ink volume discharged from predetermined nozzles among a plurality of first nozzles and a plurality of second nozzles, and a print data generating unit (printer driver) configured to generate the print data based on the image data and the ink discharge correction volume input.