Abstract: A liquid discharge apparatus includes a liquid discharge head configured to discharge a liquid, a first wire and a second wire to which a first drive signal and a second drive signal for driving the liquid discharge head is respectively supplied, and a single relay substrate configured to relay the first drive signal and the second drive signal from the first wire and the second wire to the liquid discharge head. The single relay substrate includes a first connector configured to be connected to the first wire, a second connector configured to be connected to the second wire, and a relay connector configured to be connected to a head-side connector of the liquid discharge head. The relay connector outputs, to the head-side connector, the first drive signal supplied from the first wire to the first connector, and the second drive signal supplied from the second wire to the second connector.

Abstract: A liquid ejection head includes: a first head unit; a second head unit disposed adjacent to the first head unit in a first direction and located on a first side of the first head unit in a second direction; and a heat uniforming unit shared by the first head unit and the second head unit. Each of the first head unit and the second head unit includes: a unit body including an actuator; and a first driver integrated circuit disposed on the first side of the unit body in the second direction. The heat uniforming unit includes a first heat uniforming member disposed on the first side of the first head unit and the second head unit in the second direction. The first heat uniforming member includes a first protrusion located next to the second head unit in the first direction and protruding toward the first head unit.

Abstract: A portable or modular cooling system is operated via the power-over-Ethernet (PoE) standard. The cooling system receives electrical power via an Ethernet connection to a source device (such as a server, switch, or other PoE-enabled equipment). The cooling system may thus be used to spot-inject cooler ambient air in the vicinity of the source device without the need for grid electric and for cumbersome electrical wiring.

Abstract: A connection cable electrically connects a head unit and a head unit control circuit. The head unit includes: an ejector, a determination circuit, and an ejection limit circuit. The ejector includes a displaceable piezoelectric element for controlling the liquid ejection. The piezoelectric element is displaced by changing a drive signal potential. The determination circuit determines whether the piezoelectric element has a predetermined electrical storage capability. The ejection limit circuit stops the drive signal to limit the ejection of the liquid based on the determination. The connection cable includes: a first connection supplying a determination instruction signal from the head unit control circuit to the head unit; a second connection supplying the drive signal from the head unit control circuit to the head unit; and a third connection between the first and second connections with a smaller potential change width than the second connection when the ejector ejects the liquid.

Abstract: A head unit control circuit controls a head unit. The head unit includes an ejector, a determination circuit, and an ejection limit circuit. The ejector includes a displaceable piezoelectric element for controlling the liquid ejection. The piezoelectric element is displaced by changing a drive signal potential. The determination circuit determines whether the piezoelectric element has a predetermined electrical storage capability. The ejection limit circuit stops the drive signal to limit the ejection of the liquid based on the determination. The head unit control circuit includes: a first terminal that outputs an instruction signal instructing the head unit to execute the determination; a second terminal that outputs the drive signal; and a third terminal that is between the first terminal and the second terminal. The third terminal has a smaller potential change width than the second terminal when the ejecting section ejects the liquid.

Abstract: An image forming device includes: a conveyer that conveys a recording medium; an image former that forms an image on an image carrier and prints the image on the recording medium conveyed by the conveyer; and a hardware processor that controls to stop a print job when a length of the print job reaches a predetermined threshold and form a cleaning pattern image on the image carrier, and at the time of overprinting to further print in an overlapping manner on continuous paper on which a mark image indicating an image formation position is printed, obtains the length of the print job on the basis of an interval between mark images set in advance before starting printing the print job and displays a warning when the length of the print job is estimated to exceed the predetermined threshold.

Abstract: An ink-jet printer, including: an ink-jet head; and a head moving device for moving the head in a scanning direction, wherein the ink-jet head includes a first head unit having a first nozzle row from which first ink is ejected and a second nozzle row from which second ink that differs in color from the first ink is ejected, a second head unit disposed so as to be shifted from the first head unit in a nozzle arrangement direction by a distance less than a nozzle pitch, and a third head unit disposed between the first and second head units in the scanning direction so as to be shifted from the first head unit in the nozzle arrangement direction by a distance corresponding to a predetermined natural number multiple of the nozzle pitch, the third head unit having fifth and sixth nozzle rows from which the first ink is ejected.

Abstract: A head unit control circuit controls a head unit. The head unit includes an ejector, a determination circuit, and an ejection limit circuit. The ejector includes a displaceable piezoelectric element for controlling the liquid ejection. The piezoelectric element is displaced by changing a drive signal potential. The determination circuit determines whether the piezoelectric element has a predetermined electrical storage capability. The ejection limit circuit stops the drive signal to limit the ejection of the liquid based on the determination. The head unit control circuit includes: a first terminal that outputs an instruction signal instructing the head unit to execute the determination; a second terminal that outputs the drive signal; and a third terminal that is between the first terminal and the second terminal. The third terminal has a smaller potential change width than the second terminal when the ejecting section ejects the liquid.

Abstract: An industrial process control system comprises a primary controller coupled with a buffer and a primary memory. The primary controller is configured to create at least one redundant data type based on at least one base data type. The at least one redundant data type includes tracked operators that are different from corresponding operators of the at least one base data type. The tracked operators include an assignment function that is a same assignment function performed by the corresponding operators of the at least one base data type, and a transfer function. The primary controller is further configured to perform the assignment function on a piece of data to assign the piece of data to an address in the primary memory, perform the transfer function to transfer the piece of data to a buffer, and transfer contents of the buffer to a backup memory.

Abstract: There is provided a liquid discharging apparatus configured to discharge liquid, including: a liquid discharging head including a driving element; a driving device configured to drive the driving element; a power unit; a switch configured to perform switching of voltage supply; and a controller. When the power unit is switched on, the controller causes a power supply voltage of the power unit to be raised up to a first voltage while checking the power supply voltage; and the controller controls the switch to start the voltage supply from the power unit to the driving device while the power supply voltage is being raised up to the first voltage; and under a condition that the voltage supply is started while the power supply voltage is being raised up to the first voltage, the controller controls the driving device to apply the voltage to the driving element.

Abstract: A printer includes a print head configured to print along a raster direction portions of an image in units of a raster, a movement mechanism that includes a stepping motor and is configured to move one of the printing medium and the print head so as to change a relative position between the printing medium and the print head in a direction intersecting the raster direction, and a control unit configured to control the print head and the movement mechanism. The print head is controlled to perform printing of one raster each time the relative position between the printing medium and the print head is changed by an interval of the raster. The movement mechanism is controlled to make a drive interval of the stepping motor at least one time step longer than a preceding drive interval before a rotation speed of the stepping motor reaches a predetermined target speed.

Abstract: An optical module includes: a measuring device including a measuring portion that measures light reflected at a measurement position of a measurement target, a light source that radiates light onto the measurement position in a direction crossing a measurement optical axis oriented from the measurement position to the measuring portion, and a window through which light incident on the measuring portion passes; and a shutter that opens and closes the window of the measuring device. The shutter is provided with a reference object disposed closer to the measuring portion side than the measurement position on the measurement optical axis, on a face of the shutter facing the measuring portion when closing the window, and the optical module includes a light guide that guides the light from the light source to the reference object when the window is closed by the shutter.

Abstract: In one example in accordance with the present disclosure a flexible printhead is described. The printhead includes a number of printhead die, a printhead die including a number of nozzles to deposit an amount of fluid onto a print medium. The printhead also includes a fluid delivery system to deliver the amount of fluid from a fluid supply to the number of nozzles. The printhead also includes a number of electrical circuits to electronically couple the number of printhead die with a printing device. The printhead also includes a flexible substrate on which the number of printhead die and the number of electrical circuits are mounted.

Abstract: An example system includes a print engine to print a first image on a medium. The system also includes a controller communicatively coupled with the print engine. The controller is to detect a failure in the print engine that results in a defect in the first image. The controller also is to perform an affine transformation on a second image to produce a transformed second image. The controller is to instruct the print engine to print the transformed second image.

Abstract: An inkjet recording device includes: an inkjet head that forms an image on a recording medium by ejecting ink containing a phosphor onto the recording medium; an ultraviolet light source that irradiates the image formed on the recording medium with ultraviolet rays; and an imager that detects fluorescence emitted by the image by the irradiation of the ultraviolet rays.

Abstract: There is provided an ink-jet printer which includes a head, a carriage, an encoder having a scale and a sensor, a memory, and a controller. The controller executes judging whether or not a recording medium is positioned at an area that can face the carriage, and detecting an abnormal position, and printing an image on a recording medium, and comparing a velocity parameter value acquired and a first threshold value, when the carriage is at a position other than the abnormal position, and comparing the velocity parameter value acquired and a second threshold value corresponding to a velocity slower than the first threshold value, when the carriage is at the abnormal position.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a liquid electrophotographic composition comprising a thermoplastic polymer resin, a charge adjuvant, microspheres, and a liquid carrier. Each microsphere comprises a shell of material encapsulating a gas. The microspheres are present in an amount of 5 to 90 weight % of the total weight of solids in the composition.

Abstract: A liquid discharge apparatus includes a discharge head, a drive substrate provided with a signal generation circuit to generate a first and a second signal and an output connector to output the first and second signal, a first and second wire to supply the first and second signal to the discharge head, and a relay substrate to relay the first and second signal from the drive substrate to the first and second wire. The relay substrate includes a relay connector to be connected to the output connector, a first connector to be connected to the first wire and to output the first signal supplied from the output connector to the relay connector to the first wire, and a second connector to be connected to the second wire and to output the second signal supplied from the output connector to the relay connector to the second wire.

Abstract: A printing apparatus that includes a printhead and a carriage can perform a detection operation for detecting a voltage to determine whether current leakage occurs. The printing apparatus includes a supply unit configured to supply, to the printhead, a voltage which is used to perform the print operation, a power line for connecting the printhead and the supply unit, a monitor unit configured to monitor a voltage appearing on the power line, and a control unit configured to perform a detection operation for detecting the voltage monitored by the monitor unit. The control unit performs the detection operation in a case that a movement of the carriage is reversed, in a case that a sensor detects that a jam has occurred, in case where the printhead is mounted to the carriage, or after and before a cleaning operation.

Abstract: A liquid ejection head includes: a first head unit; a second head unit disposed adjacent to the first head unit in a first direction and located on a first side of the first head unit in a second direction; and a heat uniforming unit shared by the first head unit and the second head unit. Each of the first head unit and the second head unit includes: a unit body including an actuator; and a first driver integrated circuit disposed on the first side of the unit body in the second direction. The heat uniforming unit includes a first heat uniforming member disposed on the first side of the first head unit and the second head unit in the second direction. The first heat uniforming member includes a first protrusion located next to the second head unit in the first direction and protruding toward the first head unit.

Abstract: There is disclosed a housing including a plurality of compartments for housing a plurality of LEDs or photo detectors. Each compartment has a number of control pads projecting inwardly and a number of protrusions. The control pads are configured to provide a contact surface for the LEDs or photo detectors to control the alignment and position of each of the plurality of LEDs or photodiodes within each of the plurality of compartments. Each of the protrusions urges each of the plurality of LEDs or photodiodes against the respective control pads to control the alignment of the LEDs or photodiodes in the housing. A detector array including a casing, an LED housing and a photodiode housing is also disclosed.

Abstract: In a server, a storage is configured to store status of a service agreement for delivering a cartridge with an image-recording device. For the image-recording device, the cartridge is available in a first mode and is unavailable in a second mode. The status includes a first status indicating that the service agreement has been in force and a second status indicating that the service agreement has been canceled. The storage is further configured to store instructions causing the server to receive a cancellation request of the service agreement from an information processor; transmit a switch command to switch an operating mode of the image-recording device from the first to second mode in response to the cancellation request; and change the status stored in the storage to the second status in response to receiving a response indicating that the operating mode has been switched from the first to second mode.

Abstract: A printing apparatus that has a plurality of functions including a printing function and is capable of executing printing with resolution of 300 dpi or more includes a plurality of operating units including a printing unit and a power supply unit. The power supply unit includes a substrate, an input terminal that receives an alternating voltage, a smoothing capacitor that smooths the alternating voltage, a thermistor that detects a temperature, and a comparator that compares a signal output from the thermistor with a standard signal and outputs a notification signal. The input terminal, the smoothing capacitor, the thermistor, and the comparator are mounted on the substrate. The supply of power from the power supply unit is stopped based on the state of the notification signal. A gap between the input terminal and the thermistor is longer than a gap between the input terminal and the smoothing capacitor.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus extracts provisional band data from image data. The apparatus calculates near white number for a target line. The near white number is number of pairs of first and second pixels. The first pixel is located on the target line, the second pixel is in positionally adjacent relation to the first pixel. At least one of the first pixel and the second pixel is a near white pixel. In a case where a prescribed border condition is met for the target line, the apparatus determines finalized band data so that a finalized band image includes at least part of the provisional band image, and has the target line as a borderline. In a case where a specific condition is met, the apparatus changes the target line to one of a plurality of candidate lines which is not selected as the target line.

Abstract: A computer program for an information processing device communicating with a droplet discharging device is provided. The droplet discharging device is configured to form rendering data on a printing medium by being moved by a user on the printing medium, and includes a position calculation unit for calculating a position of the droplet discharging device, and a droplet discharging unit for discharging a droplet in accordance with the rendering data and location information. The computer program is configured to cause the information processing device to function as a scanning direction output unit for outputting a scanning direction of the droplet discharging device.

Abstract: A printer includes a detection unit configured to detect an error, a storage unit configured to store in itself error information corresponding to the error, a communication unit configured to communicate with an external apparatus, a printing unit configured to perform printing on a printing medium, and a control unit.

Abstract: An image recording apparatus, including: a main body; an image recorder; a sheet supporter movable between an opposed position and a retracted position; a cap movable between a contact position and a distant position; a distance-defining member movable between a first position and a second position and configured to define a distance between an upper surface of a sheet and a lower surface of the recorder, the first position being a position where the member partially overlaps a region of the cap at the contact position, the second position being a position where at least a part of the member does not overlap the region; and a controller to control the cap to move from the distant position to the contact position after the supporter has been moved from the opposed position to the retracted position and the member has been moved from the first position to the second position.

Abstract: An ink jet recording apparatus includes an image forming unit configured to form an image containing a liquid and a coloring material on an ink receiving medium; a liquid absorbing member including a porous body that comes into contact with the image, the porous body being configured to absorb at least a part of the liquid from the image; and a plurality of pressure applying units configured to press the image on the ink receiving medium by the porous body. The plurality of pressure applying units include a first pressure applying unit configured to press the image at a first pressure and a second pressure applying unit configured to press the image having been pressed by the first pressure applying unit at a second pressure higher than the first pressure.

Abstract: A graphics processing method, apparatus, and system are presented. The method includes receiving a command queue input by a current frame which includes multiple drawing commands; splitting each irregular drawing command into at least one first-class drawing command and at least one second-class drawing command; grouping, into multiple drawing command sets, a regular drawing command in the multiple drawing commands, and the first-class drawing command and the second-class drawing command that are obtained after the splitting, so that drawing commands that belong to different drawing command sets do not intersect with each other; separately performing intersection detection on the multiple drawing command sets; separately performing drawing command combining on the multiple drawing command sets on which the intersection detection is performed; and executing a drawing command obtained after combining is performed on each drawing command set.

Abstract: A liquid ejecting apparatus includes a liquid ejecting head including a substrate where a plurality of hollow portions are formed, a flexible plane that delimits a part of the hollow portion, and a piezoelectric element provided corresponding to the hollow portion, an inspection mechanism that inspects ejection of liquid from a nozzle based on an electromotive force of the piezoelectric element, and a signal generation circuit that generates a first drive signal and a second drive signal. The second drive signal maintains a state, where a second vibration portion including the second piezoelectric element and the flexible plane corresponding to the second piezoelectric element is deformed, during a detection period in which the inspection mechanism performs inspection based on vibration caused when a first vibration portion including the first piezoelectric element and the flexible plane corresponding to the first piezoelectric element is driven.

Abstract: A liquid ejection head includes: a first head unit; a second head unit disposed adjacent to the first head unit in a first direction and located on a first side of the first head unit in a second direction; and a heat uniforming unit shared by the first head unit and the second head unit. Each of the first head unit and the second head unit includes: a unit body including an actuator; and a first driver integrated circuit disposed on the first side of the unit body in the second direction. The heat uniforming unit includes a first heat uniforming member disposed on the first side of the first head unit and the second head unit in the second direction. The first heat uniforming member includes a first protrusion located next to the second head unit in the first direction and protruding toward the first head unit.

Abstract: An ink-jet printer, including: an ink-jet head; and a head moving device for moving the head in a scanning direction, wherein the ink-jet head includes a first head unit having a first nozzle row from which first ink is ejected and a second nozzle row from which second ink that differs in color from the first ink is ejected, a second head unit disposed so as to be shifted from the first head unit in a nozzle arrangement direction by a distance less than a nozzle pitch, and a third head unit disposed between the first and second head units in the scanning direction so as to be shifted from the first head unit in the nozzle arrangement direction by a distance corresponding to a predetermined natural number multiple of the nozzle pitch, the third head unit having fifth and sixth nozzle rows from which the first ink is ejected.

Abstract: A liquid discharge apparatus includes a liquid discharge head and a head drive controller. The liquid discharge head includes an actuator including an electromechanical transducer element. The head drive controller controls the liquid discharge head. The head drive controller includes a drive waveform generator and a voltage updater. The drive waveform generator generates a drive waveform to be applied to the electromechanical transducer element. The voltage updater updates a voltage value of the drive waveform to a larger value with an elapse of time. The voltage updater sets a time interval of update of the voltage value to be longer as a number of times of the update is greater.

Abstract: An inkjet printhead prints test patches of magnetic ink having magnetic particles using different ink droplet sizes on print media. A sensor scans the test patches to determine test patch densities. A processor determines a table-based density that produces a user-selected magnetic strength by applying the selected magnetic strength to a density and magnetic strength relationship table. The processor identifies a matching test patch as one of the test patches having a density that most closely matches the table-based density, identifies a selected droplet size as the ink droplet size used to print the matching test patch, and controls the printhead to produce magnetic ink droplets of the selected droplet size when printing a print job for the selected magnetic strength.

Abstract: A terminal device includes a controller and is capable of communicating over a network with a first printer and a second printer. The first printer includes a first memory storing status information about usage status of a cartridge currently mounted in the first printer. The second printer includes a second memory. The controller is configured to perform: transmitting a request to the first printer, the request requesting to transmit the status information; in response to transmitting the request, receiving the status information; and in response to a specific condition being satisfied, transmitting the received status information to the second printer, the specific condition including a condition that the controller receives the status information. The status information transmitted to the second printer is stored in the second memory and used by the second printer after the cartridge is removed from the first printer and then mounted in the second printer.

Abstract: A method for determining a printing position, such as for image-on-paper registration in a printer or photocopying machine, is disclosed. A fiducial mark pattern comprising a plurality of fiducial marks at predefined relative distances is provided on a printing medium, and is scanned. The fiducial marks and a first edge of the printing medium are identified in a scanned representation of the printing medium. A first distance between the first edge and a first fiducial mark is determined, and a second distance between a second fiducial mark and a third fiducial mark are likewise determined from the scanned representation of the printing medium. The distance between the fiducial mark pattern and the first edge is computed based on both the determined first distance and the determined second distance. The invention also relates to a corresponding system and a computer-readable medium for determining a printing position.

Abstract: A drying assembly is disclosed. An example apparatus includes fans; a temperature sensor; a print engine to access instructions to cause a printer to perform a printing operation on media; and a processor responsive to an output of the temperature sensor to control the fans to force air onto the media to cause a substantially uniform temperature to be maintained across a width of the media during the printing operation and to cause a sum of air flow output by the fans to be maintained at a substantially constant value.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an apparatus body, an image forming section, an ejected recording medium container, and a sound absorber. The image forming section forms an image on a recording medium and ejects the recording medium from an ejection port. The ejected recording medium container includes an opening at at least one side of the apparatus body and a space facing the ejection port to contain the recording medium ejected from the ejection port. The sound absorber is disposed on the ejected recording medium container.

Abstract: A liquid ejecting apparatus includes a recording head including a plurality of nozzles from which liquid is ejected, a plurality of pressure chambers which communicate with each nozzle, respectively, a piezoelectric element which causes liquid to be ejected from the nozzle by causing a pressure fluctuation in the liquid in the pressure chamber, and a printer controller which is connected to the piezoelectric element through an individual signal line, and supplies a driving signal which drives the piezoelectric element through the individual signal line. The individual signal line is provided as many as n times (here, n is natural number of 2 or more) or more of the number of pressure chambers.

Abstract: A liquid discharging apparatus includes a head unit which includes a discharge unit which discharges a liquid, a controller which controls discharging of the liquid, a plurality of first signal lines which connect the controller to the head unit, and at least one second signal line which connects the controller to the head unit, in which, the controller transmits the differential signal to the head unit via the first signal lines, and in which the head unit transmits the state signal in analog format to the controller via the second signal line.

Abstract: According to an example, multi-directional single pass printing may include utilizing a print head that includes slots that include a first slot for a first ink color, and two or more additional slots. A slot of the additional slots may be disposed on a first side of the first slot, and another slot of the additional slots may be disposed on a second side of the first slot. The additional slots may include a further ink color. Data may be forwarded to a set of slots when a direction bit related to the print head is set to a first value, and to another set of slots when the direction bit is set to a second value. A number of channels for forwarding the data to the slots may be less than the number of slots.

Abstract: A printer driver enables appropriately executing real-time commands without causing operating errors even when print data is compressed for transmission to a printer. A driver causing a host computer that connects to a printer to execute a process, including causing the host computer to generate first commands executed by the printer in the order received, and second commands executed with priority over the first commands; generate print data including the first commands and send the print data to the printer; and execute a compression process converting data of the first commands contained in the print data to compressed data not containing a data train identical to a second command when generating the print data.

Abstract: A method and system for cascading power consumption is described herein. The method may include providing power to a first sensor and a second sensor, wherein the first sensor consumes more power than the second sensor. The method may also include detecting the first sensor does not capture a sample of data. In addition, the method may include stopping the flow of power to the first sensor. Furthermore, the method may include monitoring an operating environment with the second sensor. The method may also include providing power to the first sensor in response to the second sensor detecting a sample of data.

Abstract: A printer includes a base platform that has a support surface on which a medium is mounted, and a liquid ejecting unit, which is capable of moving relatively in a direction that runs along the support surface, and which performs a recording operation on the medium from a recording head that moves along the support surface in a direction that intersects the direction. The base platform includes a first power source device, and first control substrate that controls operation of the base platform on the basis of the first power source device, and the liquid ejecting unit includes a second power source device, and a second control substrate that controls operation of the liquid ejecting unit on the basis of the second power source device.

Abstract: A printing apparatus includes a printing portion that performs printing on a medium that is positioned in a printing region, a casing portion that covers the printing region, a support portion that is able to support the medium and is able to move so as to include the printing region and a set position at which the medium is set that includes at least a position outside of the casing portion on a movement path, and a cover portion that is provided so as to protrude to the set position side with respect to the casing portion and cover at least a part of the movement path of the support portion.

Abstract: According to an embodiment of this invention, a print control apparatus which controls a printhead, including a plurality of nozzle arrays each formed from a plurality of nozzles for discharging ink, for executing printing on a print medium by discharging inks of a plurality of colors from the plurality of nozzle arrays executes the following data processing. That is, image data is received from an external apparatus. One of a plurality of ASICs executes at least common data processing for generating print data corresponding to the plurality of colors with respect to the received image data, and another ASIC executes specific data processing related to each of the plurality of colors. Thus, print data to be output to the printhead is generated, and then transmitted to the printhead.

Abstract: This invention is intended to provide a ink-jet printing device which can detect leak of ink or solvent without the exclusive sensor for leak detection and without increasing cost. An ink jet printing device for printing letter by ejecting ink, comprising, a liquid container for containing ink or solvent, a surface level sensor for detecting surface level arranged on the liquid container, a control unit and a display unit, wherein the display unit displays indication in the case where the surface level change time detected by the control unit using the surface level sensor is larger than the settled surface level change time in settled printing condition is provided for solving the problem.

Abstract: A liquid jetting apparatus includes: a head unit; a cap; a cap lifter moving the cap between a capping position in which the cap makes contact with the head unit and an uncapping position in which the cap is separated from the head unit; a motor; a driven device; a first transmission gear transmitting power of the motor to the cap movement device; a second transmission gear transmitting the power of the motor to the driven device; and a movement gear moving between a position at which the movement gear engages with the first transmission gear and a position at which the movement gear engages with the second transmission gear depending on a rotation direction of the motor. At least one of the first transmission gear and the movement gear is made of a synthetic resin material containing glass fiber.

Abstract: An liquid circulation device comprises a liquid casing, a gas replenishing section and a liquid replenishing section. The liquid casing retains liquid to be supplied to a liquid ejection section for ejecting the liquid and includes a liquid chamber connected with the liquid ejection section in such a manner that the liquid can be circulated therebetween. The ink circulation device increases pressure inside of the liquid casing by replenishing the gas to the liquid casing with the gas replenishing section and replenishing the liquid to the liquid casing with the liquid replenishing section, and meets a relation (?P1*(d1)^2/L1)/(?P2*(d2)^2/L2)>?1/?2.

Abstract: Encryption of fluid cartridges for use with imaging devices is disclosed herein. One disclosed apparatus includes a memory of a fluid cartridge comprising a plurality of sequential bits, where the plurality of sequential bits are written to the memory after the plurality of sequential bits are transformed based on scrambling bits of the plurality of sequential bits, and a memory interface of the fluid cartridge to enable access to the memory to authenticate the fluid cartridge.