Abstract: A printing apparatus has a transfer member to receive an image and transfer the image to a substrate, and an airflow management unit disposed adjacent to the transfer member to define a channel between the transfer member and the airflow management unit. The airflow management unit has an injection mechanism to inject airflow into the channel, a suction mechanism to remove the airflow from the channel, and a vortex generator to generate a vortex within the channel.

Abstract: A liquid ejection head includes an ejection-port defining member and a substrate having at least three liquid supply openings arranged in an array direction. The substrate has at least one groove in a region between ends of the liquid supply openings and an edge of the substrate. The groove extends from and communicates with the end of at least one of two outermost liquid supply openings of the liquid supply openings in the array direction. The groove extends at least to a position where the groove is superposed on the liquid supply opening next to the liquid supply opening communicating with the groove in an extending direction in which the liquid supply openings extend.

Abstract: A liquid discharging head includes: manifolds to which liquid is supplied; at least one nozzle row associated with each of the manifolds; and a communicating channel directly connecting two manifolds which are included in the manifolds and which are adjacent to each other. The at least one nozzle row includes nozzles configured to discharge the liquid, the nozzles communicating with one manifold with which the at least one nozzle row is associated. A first number is a number of the nozzle row associated with one of the two manifolds and a second number is a number of the nozzle row associated with the other of the two manifolds, and a cross-sectional area of the communicating channel is different between a case that a first number and a second number are same, and another case that the first number and the second number are different.

Abstract: A liquid ejection head including a recording element substrate for ejecting liquid supported by a support member with an adhesive layer provided between the recording element substrate and the support member. A terminal is provided at an end portion of the recording element substrate with a sealing member covering the end portion of the recording element substrate including the terminal. The sealing member is in contact with a side surface of the end portion and an end surface of the adhesive layer. The adhesive layer comprises includes a first adhesive portion and a second adhesive portion positioned between the first adhesive portion and the sealing member. Rigidity of the second adhesive portion is less than the rigidity of the sealing member and less than the rigidity of the first adhesive portion.

Abstract: A flow channel member includes a first flow channel member non-transmissive of ultraviolet light and absorbent of laser light, a second flow channel member non-transmissive of ultraviolet light and absorbent of laser light, the second flow channel member being stacked on the first flow channel member to define a flow channel for liquid to flow between the second flow channel member and the first flow channel member, and a third flow channel member transmissive of laser light, the third flow channel member being fixed to the first flow channel member and the second flow channel member in such a manner as to close a gap between the first flow channel member and the second flow channel member.

Abstract: A printer includes a head, an electrode, a moving unit, a voltage application circuit, and a controller. The head has an ejection surface having a nozzle. The head is configured to eject liquid from the nozzle. The moving unit is configured to move at least one of the electrode or the head. The voltage application circuit is configured to apply a certain voltage between the head and the electrode. The controller is configured to: drive the moving unit such that the ejection surface faces the electrode; drive the voltage application circuit to apply the certain voltage between the head and the electrode; compare a level of an output signal input to the controller from the electrode with a particular threshold; and based on the comparison result, determine that liquid is present between the ejection surface and the electrode.

Abstract: A liquid cartridge configured to be inserted into a cartridge attachment section includes: a cartridge body having a liquid storage chamber, and a liquid supply portion configured to supply the liquid stored in the liquid storage chamber to an outside. The liquid supply portion includes: a front end face facing frontward, an outer peripheral surface extending rearward from the front end face, and at least one guide provided at the outer peripheral surface. Each of the at least one guide is guided by corresponding at least one projection of the cartridge attachment section during attachment of a liquid supply tube of the cartridge attachment section to the liquid supply portion at a time of attachment of the liquid cartridge to the cartridge attachment section. Each of the at least one guide includes: a first guide portion, and a second guide portion.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a liquid discharge head includes preparing a first substrate where a discharge port configured to discharge liquid is formed to face a first surface, a concave portion is formed on a side of a second surface opposite to the first surface, and a first liquid flow passage penetrating from the first surface to the second surface is opened inside the concave portion on the side of the second surface, preparing a second substrate including a second liquid flow passage opened on a third surface, and sticking the first substrate and the second substrate to communicate the first liquid flow passage with the second liquid flow passage by bonding a bottom face of the concave portion and the third surface with an adhesive agent.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of manufacturing, a metal nozzle plate, in which is formed a nozzle for discharging a liquid and that is to be bonded with adhesive to a head chip provided with an actuator for discharging the liquid, the method including: forming the nozzle in a metal plate-like member; forming a groove in the metal plate-like member; and performing exterior processing with respect to the nozzle plate.

Abstract: A liquid discharge head, includes an individual channel, and first and second common channels. The individual channel includes: a nozzle; a pressure chamber; a connection channel; a first communication channel; and a second communication channel. A first vector is defined such that a starting point and ending point are located on the connection channel, and a second vector is defined such that a starting point and an ending point are located on the second communication channel. A first angle formed by a projection vector of the first vector onto the first plane and a projection vector of the second vector onto the first plane is less than 90°. A second angle formed by a projection vector of the first vector onto the second plane and the second vector is less than 90°.

Abstract: An interface structure connectable to a separate liquid reservoir, to connect that liquid reservoir to a receiving station, comprising a liquid interface to fluidically connect to at least one liquid needle of the receiving station, a liquid channel, to fluidically connect the liquid interface to the reservoir, a support wall supporting an integrated circuit laterally next to the liquid channel, the integrated circuit having contact pad contact surfaces, and a front push area adjacent the liquid, the front push area terminating at a front edge that defines a profile height of the interface structure, between said front edge and an opposite distal edge.

Abstract: A handy printer includes a print head and a housing and prints a print subject on a print medium by moving the housing in a sub-printing direction. The print head includes print elements arranged linearly in a first direction. The housing has a bottom surface on which the print head is arranged. The bottom surface of the housing has a standard bottom surface portion, a concave bottom surface portion formed to be more distant from the print medium than the standard bottom surface portion, and a convex portion. The concave bottom surface portion is formed on an area of the bottom surface that is to pass above an area of the print medium on which printing is performed by the print head when the housing is moved in a second direction.

Abstract: An inspection flow path device according to the present disclosure comprises: a first flow path device having a plate-like shape and including a pair of first surfaces located opposite to each other in a thickness direction and a first flow path located inside and including a first opening located in the pair of first surfaces and a branch flow path; and a second flow path device having a plate-like shape and translucency and including a pair of second surfaces located opposite to each other in a thickness direction and a second flow path located inside and including a second opening located in the pair of second surfaces; wherein one of the pair of first surfaces of the first flow path device is located on one of the pair of second surfaces of the second flow path device, and the first opening and the second opening are connected to each other.

Abstract: An ink jet recording head includes an ejection chip in which a plurality of ejection orifices performing ejection are arranged; an external wiring board including an external wiring for applying an electric signal to the ejection chip from an outside; an electrical bonding portion where the external wiring of the external wiring board and the ejection chip are electrically bonded to each other; and a resin sealing portion that seals the electrical bonding portion, in which a corner of the external wiring board where a first end surface on an ejection chip side and a side end surface connected to the first end surface intersect has a chamfered portion which is chamfered, and the chamfered portion is positioned within a width of the ejection chip in an ejection orifice arrangement direction.

Abstract: A microstructure including a minute structural part is manufactured by transferring a laminate including a photosensitive resin composition onto a substrate having an opening and patterning the laminate. The laminate includes a first layer that includes a first resin composition and a second layer that includes a second resin composition, each of the first and second resin compositions being a negative type photosensitive resin composition including a cationically polymerizable compound having an epoxy group. The laminate is transferred such that the second layer faces the substrate. The first resin composition is in a liquid state and the second resin composition is in a liquid state in the course of transferring the laminate.

Abstract: A printing apparatus includes a printing unit that performs printing on a print medium with a sheet shape, a medium feeding unit and a medium winding unit that conveys the print medium in a predetermined conveyance direction, a controller that controls the printing unit, the medium feeding unit, and the medium winding unit, and a shaft that winds the printed print medium. The controller includes a cutting position determination unit that determines a cutting position to cut and separate the print medium in the width direction upstream by a predetermined length from the end of the image of the first print surface in the conveyance direction, and the cutting position determination unit determines the cutting position so as to cut upstream from the end with an increase in the circumferential length of the print medium wound around the shaft.

Abstract: A liquid ejection head is provided with a recording element substrate, and the recording element substrate includes an ejection port member, an electric wiring layer including a pressure generating element array and electric connection portions, and a silicon substrate including the ejection port member and the electric wiring layer on a front surface. The silicon substrate includes a first through hole and a second through hole that protrude the electric connection portions. The rear surface of the silicon substrate is a (100) surface. An extension line of a side extending along the [110] direction, out of sides of the opening of the first trough hole and an extension line of a side extending along the [110] direction, out of sides of the opening of the second through hole are displaced from each other in a direction orthogonal to the [110] direction.

Abstract: A liquid ejection head includes a plurality of sets of a first row, a second row, and a flow path in communication with the first row and the second row. Each of the plurality of sets is provided for each respective one of a plurality of kinds of liquids different from one another. The first row includes a plurality of first pressure chambers. The second row includes a plurality of second pressure chambers. The second row is positioned beside the first row. The flow path is in communication with the plurality of first pressure chambers and the plurality of second pressure chambers. The flow path includes a plurality of first communication passages, a plurality of second communication passages, a plurality of third communication passages, a plurality of fourth communication passages, a first manifold, a second manifold, and a common manifold.

Abstract: An additive manufacturing system opens the valves in an extruder needed to form a swath and operates an actuator to move the extruder through a transition region with those valves open to establish an amount of extrusion material between a faceplate of the extruder and a portion of an object being formed that is adequate for formation of a swath. The length of the transition region is determined with reference to a viscosity of the material being extruded and a speed at which the extruder is moved to form the swath. The transition region can be perpendicular to a path of the extruder to form the swath or aligned with the path of the extruder to form the swath.

Abstract: A method for forming a fluid flow structure may include positioning rows of micro devices in a mold, wherein each of the micro devices comprising a chamber layer in which an ejection chamber is formed and an orifice layer over the chamber layer in which an orifice is formed. The method may further include molding an amorphous body to encapsulate the rows of the micro devices such that the amorphous body forms fluid channels such that each of the rows is fluidically coupled to a different one of the fluid channels.

Abstract: A print nozzle assembly is presented for use in a printer. The print nozzle assembly may include: a printing pin; a wetting mechanism associated with the printing pin, and an ink retraction mechanism integrated into the wetting mechanism. The wetting mechanism includes an ink reservoir with an outlet arranged in close proximity to a tip of the printing pin. The ink retraction mechanism is configured to retract ink away from the outlet of the ink reservoir.

Abstract: In some examples, a method of making a printhead flow structure includes bonding a flex circuit to a flexible carrier with a thermal release tape, placing a printhead die on the flexible carrier, and debonding the printhead flow structure including the flex circuit and the printhead die from the flexible carrier at a temperature below a release temperature of the thermal release tape by flexing the flexible carrier.

Abstract: A line head type liquid discharge apparatus includes a treatment liquid applying device, a first discharging device, a heating device, and a second discharging device. The treatment liquid applying device applies a treatment liquid to a non-permeable base material. The first discharging device discharges a first ink containing an organic solvent onto the non-permeable base material to which the treatment liquid has been applied. The heating device heats, with an infrared ray, the non-permeable base material onto which the first ink has been discharged. The second discharging device discharges a second ink containing an organic solvent onto the non-permeable base material heated by the heating device. A content ratio of the organic solvent contained in the first ink is higher than a content ratio of the organic solvent contained in the second ink.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a thermal print head. Dispose a silicon substrate on a carrier, and dispose sequentially a glaze layer, a thermal resistance layer, an electrode pattern layer, and a passivation layer on the silicon substrate for forming a thermal print head. In addition, the size of the silicon substrate disposed on the carrier can be changed according to the opening on the carrier for providing a large-size thermal print head or one-time large-size printing.

Abstract: A printing apparatus which includes a circulation route configured to supply ink stored in a storage unit to a print head via a supply passage and send back the ink collected from the print head to the storage unit via a collection passage and which performs printing on a print medium by ejecting the ink from the print head includes: a first detection unit which detects an ink concentration in the collection passage; an injection unit which injects a correcting liquid capable of correcting the ink concentration into a circulated ink flow downstream of a position where the first detection unit detects the concentration in the collection passage; and a control unit which obtains an injection amount of the correcting liquid based on the concentration detected by the first detection unit and controls the injection unit such that the correcting liquid is injected in the injection amount.

Abstract: A first flow path member of a liquid ejection head includes a plurality of pressurizing chambers connected to a plurality of ejection holes, a plurality of first individual flow paths connected to the plurality of pressurizing chambers, a plurality of second individual flow paths and a plurality of third individual flow paths, a first common flow path connected in common to the plurality of first and second individual flow paths, and a second common flow path connected in common to the plurality of third individual flow paths. A length from an area centroid of a surface pressurized by a displacement element in the pressurizing chamber to the area centroid via the first individual flow path, first common flow path, and second individual flow path in this order is longer than twice a length from the area centroid to the second common flow path via the third individual flow path.

Abstract: A liquid droplet jetting head includes a channel structure having a jetting port-formed surface in which jetting ports are formed. The jetting port-formed surface includes a jetting port row formed from the jetting ports arranged in one direction and a first groove and a second groove extending in the one direction. A first end of the first groove and a first end of the second groove are positioned on outer edges of the jetting port-formed surface. A second end of the first groove is separated from a second end of the second groove, and the second end of the first groove and the second end of the second groove are positioned between jetting ports at both ends of the jetting port row, in the one direction. The first groove at least partially overlaps with the second groove in the one direction.

Abstract: A liquid ejection device (1) comprising: a first tank (2) for retaining a liquid composition; a head (3) for ejecting the liquid composition; a first heater (4) for heating the liquid composition; a first channel (5); a second heater (6) for heating the liquid composition passing through the first channel (5) at a heating temperature higher than that of the first heater (4); a second channel (7); a second pump (8); and a first pump (9), wherein the temperature difference between the heating temperature of the second heater (6) and the heating temperature of the first heater (4) is 65° C. or less.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an ink jet recording method capable of recording a high-quality image in which occurrence of unevenness is decreased. The ink jet recording method is a method of recording an image by ejecting ink from a recording head including an ejection orifice ejecting the ink, an ejection element generating energy for ejecting the ink, and first and second flow paths which communicate between the ejection orifice and the ejection element and in which the ink flows. The ink jet recording method includes: an ejection step of ejecting the ink from the ejection orifice; and a flow step of flowing the ink in the first flow path to the second flow path separately from the ejection step, wherein the ink is aqueous ink containing a pigment and a specific compound having an ethylene oxide group.

Abstract: A nozzle member includes a base, a metal oxide film, and a water-repellent film. The base includes a first surface having a plurality of through-holes as ejection orifices. The metal oxide film is located on the first surface. The water-repellent film is located on the metal oxide film. The metal oxide film has a greater thickness in a first area than in a second area. The first area is an area surrounding each ejection orifice. The second area is an area between adjacent first areas.

Abstract: The printing apparatus performs inkjet printing and includes an inkjet head that ejects ink to a medium, and an ultraviolet irradiator that irradiates the ink on the medium with ultraviolet light so as to heat the ink. The ink contains solvents. The solvents include a low-boiling solvent and a high-boiling solvent having a higher boiling point than the other, and the ink contains 20 wt. % or more of the low-boiling solvent and 20 wt. % or more of the high-boiling solvent. In at least part of a duration of time until the solvents in the ink are completely evaporated, an energy line irradiator irradiates the ink on the medium with an energy line, so that a temperature of the ink on the medium increases to a degree higher than or equal to the boiling point of the low-boiling solvent and lower than the boiling point of the high-boiling solvent.

Abstract: A print head assembly for printing an ink on a substrate having a printing pin member having a tip; a wetting system having an ink reservoir, the wetting system being configured to transfer ink from the ink reservoir to the tip of the printing pin member; and a charging system operably coupled to the printing pin member, the charging system configured to apply a high voltage charge to the printing pin member resulting in the ink on the tip of the printing pin member to be deposited upon the substrate.

Abstract: An ink including an organic solvent, a pigment, a polyurethane particle, and water is provided. The organic solvent includes at least one of 3-methoxy-1-butanol and 3-methoxy-1-propanol. The polyurethane particle has a particle diameter D50 of 50 nm or less.

Abstract: A page-wide type liquid ejection head includes a plurality of recording element substrates, each having an ejection port array including a plurality of ejection ports, each ejection port communicating with a pressure chamber including therein a recording element, and a liquid supply path for supplying a liquid to the pressure chamber. The liquid ejection head also includes a flow path member mounting the recording element substrates arranged thereon. The flow path member includes common supply flow paths and individual supply flow paths that connect the liquid supply path to the common supply flow paths, and the individual supply flow paths include portions running obliquely to the direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the liquid ejection head.

Abstract: A liquid cartridge configured to be inserted into a cartridge attachment section includes: a cartridge body having a liquid storage chamber, and a liquid supply portion configured to supply the liquid stored in the liquid storage chamber to an outside. The liquid supply portion includes: a front end face facing frontward, an outer peripheral surface extending rearward from the front end face, and at least one guide provided at the outer peripheral surface. Each of the at least one guide is guided by corresponding at least one projection of the cartridge attachment section during attachment of a liquid supply tube of the cartridge attachment section to the liquid supply portion at a time of attachment of the liquid cartridge to the cartridge attachment section. Each of the at least one guide includes: a first guide portion, and a second guide portion.

Abstract: A print head has a jet stack, a jet stack heating and temperature measuring element thermally connected to the jet stack, the jet stack heating and temperature measuring element including: a first, etched copper layer having heat spreading characteristics and including a resistive heat source electrically connected in series to a voltage source and a switch; an electrically insulative on a back side of the first copper layer; and a second, etched copper layer on a side of the electrically insulative layer opposite the first copper layer, the second copper layer having a temperature sensing element to sense a temperature of the print head without a thermistor, the temperature sensing element connected in series with a voltage source and a transistor. A print head may use a thermistor but the heat spreading layer eliminates the need for a heat sink to attach to the print head.

Abstract: An inkjet printhead includes two groups of interleaved nozzles. First and second sets of drop-formation waveforms are associated with the groups of nozzles to selectively cause portions of a liquid jet to break off into drops. A timing delay device time-shifts the second-group waveforms relative to those associated with the first-group waveforms. A charging-electrode waveform having portions with first and second potentials is provided to a charging electrode. The waveform energies of the second-group waveforms is larger than the waveform energies of the corresponding first-group waveforms so that printing drops break off from the liquid jets while the charging-electrode is at the first potential, and non-printing drops break off from the liquid jets while the charging-electrode is at the second potential.

Abstract: A liquid supply apparatus includes: a tank including a liquid storage chamber, a first wall configured such that liquid stored in the liquid storage chamber visually recognizable from outside, and a second wall having a supply opening; a cover configured to cover at least the first wall and including a third wall having a light transmitting portion via which a particular portion of the first wall is visually recognizable from outside; a film bonded to the tank and partly protruding toward the cover from a portion of the first wall different from the particular portion; and a positioner configured to position the tank with respect to the cover. The film extends in a direction containing a component in an up and down direction. A length of the portion of the film which protrudes from the first wall is greater than the particular length.

Abstract: A linear encoder includes a scale disposed within a housing and a scanning unit that is displaceable in a measuring direction relative to the scale. The scanning unit includes a scanning head disposed inside of the housing opposite to the scale such that the scale is scannable by the scanning head, as well as a mount to which the scanning head is fastened, and a driving component, via which the mount is coupled to a mounting base disposed outside of the housing. A vibration damper suppresses vibrations transversely to the measuring direction. The vibration damper is disposed on the mount or on the scanning head, and includes a damping mass and an elastic element. The damping mass is fastened by the elastic element to an attachment surface of the mount or of the scanning head.

Abstract: A head unit includes: nozzle chips which are arranged side by side in a first direction, each of the nozzle chips having a jetting surface and nozzles aligned in a predetermined direction parallel to the jetting surface and crossing both of the first direction and a second direction orthogonal to the first direction; a holder configured to hold the nozzle chips from a side opposite to the jetting surface; and a fixing plate to which the nozzle chips are fixed and which is arranged on a side facing the jetting surface of each of the nozzle chips, wherein the holder has first walls arranged in the second direction so as to sandwich the nozzle chips therebetween; each of the first walls has first projections formed on an end surface thereof facing the fixing plate; and the first projections make contact with the fixing plate.

Abstract: A liquid ejecting head includes a head body which has a nozzle opening for ejecting a liquid and a first wiping surface to be wiped by a wiper; and a target wiping member which has a second wiping surface to be wiped by the wiper, wherein the head body and the target wiping member are lined up via a gap so as to face in the same direction as the first wiping surface and the second wiping surface, and an elastic member is elastic deformed and held in the gap to block the gap on a side of the first and second wiping surface.

Abstract: A liquid ejecting head unit includes: a plurality of liquid ejecting heads that have a nozzle-formed surface; and a unit base that has a bottom portion having a fixing surface to which the plurality of liquid ejecting heads are fixed, and a wall portion which extends from the bottom portion in a direction perpendicular to the fixing surface and which is continuous in a direction in which the plurality of liquid ejecting heads are aligned.

Abstract: A method for forming an ink jet printhead comprises processing an epoxy adhesive such that negative effects from physical contact with particular inks are reduced or eliminated. Conventional adhesives processed using conventional techniques are known to gain weight and squeeze out when exposed to certain inks such as ultraviolet inks, solid inks, and aqueous inks. An embodiment of the present teachings can include processing of a particular adhesive such that the resulting epoxy adhesive is suitable for printhead applications.

Abstract: A print head includes a substrate having a hole, a circuit on the substrate, the circuit having traces and a hole corresponding to the hole in the substrate, the hole forming a fluid path, and a raised structure on the substrate around the fluid path, the raised structure positioned to seal the circuit from the fluid path.

Abstract: There is provided a method for manufacturing a liquid discharge apparatus including: forming a photoresist film made of a photoresist on a silicon substrate; exposing the photoresist film; forming a nozzle in the photoresist film by exposing the photoresist film and then developing the photoresist film; forming a channel hole in communication with the nozzle by carrying out an etching process from a surface of the substrate on the opposite side from the photoresist film after forming the nozzle; and joining a channel member to the surface of the substrate on the opposite side from the photoresist film, the channel member including a pressure chamber in communication with the channel hole and a piezoelectric element formed as a film to correspond to the pressure chamber.

Abstract: A liquid ejecting head includes a head main body in which nozzles are arranged along a first direction, a housing fixed to the head main body, a liquid storage chamber that includes a space formed in the housing, and stores the liquid supplied to the nozzles, an introducing port of the liquid communicating with the liquid storage chamber, and a plurality of beam-shaped units that are stretched over an inner wall face of the space in the housing, in which the plurality of beam-shaped units are provided with intervals such that a plurality of flow paths are arranged in the first direction from the introducing port, and, among the plurality of flow paths, a first flow path far away from the introducing port in the first direction has a flow path width in the first direction smaller than that of a second flow path close to the introducing port.

Abstract: A liquid ejecting head includes a plurality of liquid ejecting modules each of which includes a plurality of unit heads each configured to eject liquid from a plurality of nozzles, and a first fixing plate having a first surface where the plurality of unit heads are fixed; and a second fixing plate having a base portion fixed to a second surface of the first fixing plate of the plurality of liquid ejecting modules, the second surface located on the side opposite to the first surface, and the base portion overlapping a gap between the adjacent liquid ejecting modules.

Abstract: An individual electrode formed on an inside surface of a dummy channel, a common electrode formed on an inside surface of a discharge channel, an individual pad formed in a connection groove of an actuator plate, connecting the individual electrodes opposed in an X direction across the discharge channel, and to which an FPC is connected, a shallow groove portion opened toward a rear side on the actuator plate, a common pad formed in the shallow groove portion, and connecting the common electrode and the FPC through the shallow groove portion, and a dividing groove formed in a corner portion made by a surface and a rear-side end surface of the actuator plate, and dividing the common pad from the individual pad.

Abstract: An inkjet head that is able to circulate ink. The inkjet head includes a diaphragm plate, a first restrictor plate, one or more chamber plates, a second restrictor plate, and an orifice plate. The orifice plate forms a plurality of nozzles. The chamber plates form a plurality of chambers corresponding with the nozzles, and also form a return manifold for receiving ink from the chambers when circulating the ink through the inkjet head. The diaphragm plate forms a diaphragm that seals the chambers. The first restrictor plate controls a flow of ink between the chambers and the return manifold to circulate the ink through the inkjet head. The second restrictor plate controls the flow of ink between a supply manifold and the chambers.

Abstract: Interposer circuitry (130) is formed on a possibly sacrificial substrate (210) from a porous core (130?) covered by a conductive coating (130?) which increases electrical conductance. The core is printed from nanoparticle ink. Then a support (120S) is formed, e.g. by molding, to mechanically stabilize the circuitry. A magnetic field can be used to stabilize the circuitry while the circuitry or the support are being formed. Other features are also provided.