Abstract: A method and a device for the automated adaptation of a brightness of at least one light for a vehicle. The method includes a step of determining a position and/or a moving direction of the vehicle relative to a first and/or second national territory; a step of ascertaining data that represent a brightness requirement for the at least one light as a function of the position and/or moving direction of the vehicle; and a step of the automated adaptation of the brightness of at least one light as a function of the ascertained data.

Abstract: Image recording device provided with a fixed part for at least partial inclusion in and/or on the body of a motor vehicle, and a movable part which contains at least one optical element, the optical element comprising at least one optical sensor and/or a lens unit, and an adjustment device provided with a power source, for adjusting the movable part between a first position and a second position, wherein during use in the first position the movable part is wholly or partly included in the body, and in the second position the movable part extends at an angle with respect to the body, such that at least the optical element carried by the movable part extends at least partly outside the body, wherein the movable part pivots from the second position about a, preferably substantially vertical, axis to the first position and vice versa.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for generating a surroundings map (14) of a surrounding area (7) of a motor vehicle (1) in which an object in the surrounding area (7) is detected by means of a sensor device (9) of the motor vehicle (1), a position value (P) that describes a position of the object is determined on the basis of sensor data of the sensor device (9) by means of a control device (3) of the motor vehicle (1) and the determined position value (P) is transferred into the surroundings map (14), wherein a vector (v?) between the object and a predetermined reference point (11) of the motor vehicle (1) that forms an origin (0?) of a vehicle coordinate system (12) is determined, the determined vector (v?) is transformed from the vehicle coordinate system (12) into a global coordinate system (13) of the surroundings map (14) and the position value (P) in the surroundings map (14) is determined on the basis of the transformed vector (v).

Abstract: A method and apparatus for providing trailer information are provided. The method includes detecting a p coupler of the trailer in the image of the rear-facing camera; detecting a position of the coupler in the received image; and determining a distance between the detected position of the coupler of the trailer and a hitch of vehicle. The method may be use to display information about a trailer coupler or guide a vehicle to line up a vehicle hitch to a trailer coupler.

Abstract: A vehicular vision system includes a monitoring system operable to determine a gaze direction of a driver of the vehicle. At least one vision sensor is disposed at the vehicle and has a field of view exterior of the equipped vehicle, and at least one non-vision sensor is disposed at the vehicle and has a field of sensing exterior of the vehicle. Image data captured by the interior viewing camera, image data captured by the exterior viewing camera and sensor data sensed by the non-vision sensor are provided to a control of the vehicle. A display system includes a video screen operable to display video images for viewing by the driver of the vehicle. The video screen also displays an augmented reality overlay. Responsive at least in part to processing of captured image data and/or sensed sensor data, the vision system determines the augmented reality overlay displayed.

Abstract: A travel control device for a vehicle executes a self-driving control based on traveling environment information on which the vehicle travels and traveling information on the vehicle. In the device, a traveling environment information acquisition unit acquires the traveling environment information. A traveling information detection unit detects the traveling information. An unstable behavior detector detects an unstable behavior in one or both of a rolling direction and a yaw direction of the vehicle. A steering wheel holding state detector detects a state in which a driver holds a steering wheel. The first unstable behavior reducer reduces the detected unstable behavior by correcting a steering angle. A second unstable behavior reducer reduces the detected unstable behavior by selecting a predetermined wheel and applying a braking force to the wheel. A vehicle behavior controller freely operates the unstable behavior reducers according to detection results.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and apparatuses are disclosed for determining lane information of a roadway segment from vehicle probe data. Probe data is received from vehicle camera sensors at a road segment, wherein the probe data includes lane marking data on the road segment. Lane markings are identified, to the extent present, for the left and right boundaries of the lane of travel as well as the adjacent lane boundaries to the left and right of the lane of travel. The identified lane markings are coded, wherein solid lane lines, dashed lane lines, and unidentified or non-existing lane lines are differentiated. The coded lane markings are compiled in a database. A number of lanes are predicted at the road segment from the database of coded lane markings.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method includes: receiving, by a computing device, images of adjacent vehicles parked directly adjacent to an open parking space; determining, by the computing device, visual factors and non-visual factors of the adjacent vehicles based on the images; determining, by the computing device, risk scores for each of the adjacent vehicles based on the visual factor and the non-visual factors; determining, by the computing device, a parking position within the open parking space based on the risk scores; and outputting, by the computing device, information regarding the parking position.

Abstract: A vanishing point correction method may include the steps of: (a) extracting a contour candidate point of an object considered as the forward vehicle from the image taken by the camera; (b) tracking a movement of the contour candidate point over time; (c) determining whether the contour candidate point belongs to the vehicle; (d) setting the contour candidate point to a vehicle contour point of the forward vehicle, when it is determined at the step (c) that the contour candidate point belongs to the vehicle; (e) calculating a variation in width between vehicle contour points at the same height among the vehicle contour points; and (f) calculating a variation of the vanishing point.

Abstract: The invention provides a method and a device for recognizing traffic signs by a sensor system for recording the surrounding environment for a vehicle, which includes at least one camera sensor and one radar sensor or LiDAR sensor. Based on the data of the at least one radar sensor or LiDAR sensor, at least one element of the presence of a traffic sign, or the size of a traffic sign, position of a traffic sign, distance and/or orientation of a traffic sign, bridge-like structure, position and/or type of the vehicle ahead, position of lane delimiting structures is obtained and used for traffic sign recognition.

Abstract: A method for localization and mapping, including recording an image at a camera mounted to a vehicle, the vehicle associated with a global system location; identifying a landmark depicted in the image with a landmark identification module of a computing system associated with the vehicle, the identified landmark having a landmark geographic location and a known parameter; extracting a set of landmark parameters from the image with a feature extraction module of the computing system; determining, at the computing system, a relative position between the vehicle and the landmark geographic location based on a comparison between the extracted set of landmark parameters and the known parameter; and updating, at the computing system, the global system location based on the relative position.

Abstract: A parking assist system of a vehicle includes a plurality of sensors disposed at a vehicle and having respective fields of sensing exterior of the vehicle. A vehicle control is operable to determine a target parking space responsive to the processor. The control (i) uses two intersecting lines, with one passing through a start node and one passing through an end node, (ii) uses circles that are tangent to respective ones of the intersecting lines, with each circle having a radius that approximates a minimum turning radius of the vehicle, and (iii) determines possible paths of travel using straight path sections tangent to one or more of the circles and curved path sections that follow a curvature of one or more of the circles. The control selects a target path of travel in accordance with a plurality of objectives for the path of travel of the vehicle.

Abstract: A vehicle collision detection system that includes: a controller that actuates an occupant restraint device in a case in which a collision between a vehicle and an object has been predicted by a collision prediction section, a collision mode has been determined to be an underride mode by a determination section, the object has been determined to be another vehicle by the determination section, and an acceleration detected by a first acceleration sensor is at or above an underride-mode-actuation determination threshold that is lower than a normal-actuation determination threshold for the occupant restraint device.

Abstract: A first landmark of a target vehicle is identified. A host vehicle is moved laterally adjacent to the target vehicle such that a second landmark of the host vehicle is a specified longitudinal distance from the first landmark.

Abstract: A device for monitoring the vehicle environment includes: a first sensor for sensing the vehicle environment, the first sensor featuring a first sensing region; a second sensor for sensing the vehicle environment; and an evaluation unit. The second sensor for sensing the vehicle environment is situated within the first sensing region, and a diagnosis of the second sensor is achieved with the aid of the evaluation unit.

Abstract: A driving support device detects a speed limit by imaging a speed sign indicating the speed limit of a traveling lane. Also, the driving support device continuously acquires attribute information from a car navigation system. The speed limit recognized from a road sign is displayed on a screen mounted in a vehicle. When the speed limit recognized from the road sign is not equal to a speed limit acquired from the car navigation system, a display time of the speed limit is limited. When the attribute information is changed, display of the speed limit is stopped.

Abstract: A method and system for controlling a lane change maneuver of an autonomous vehicle. The method includes detecting a feature of a road surface with a sensor and determining, at an electronic processor, a road camber of a target lane based on the feature. The target lane is a traffic lane targeted for a lane change maneuver by the autonomous vehicle. The method further includes determining a lateral compensating force based on the road camber and applying the lateral compensating force, by the electronic processor, during the lane change maneuver.

Abstract: In at least one embodiment, a vehicle system comprising a vehicle communication module is provided. The vehicle communication module is configured to receive first global positioning system (GPS) data indicative of a location of a vehicle and to receive a first signal indicative of the vehicle being in a drive state. The vehicle communication module is further configured to transmit the first GPS data to an occupant communication device (OCD) in response to the first signal to restrict at least a portion of the operation of the OCD and to reduce power consumption of the OCD.

Abstract: Systems and methods for enhancing traffic safety through augmented reality and shared data are disclosed. An example method includes, identifying a second transportation vehicle that at least partially blocks a first view of a first user associated with a first transportation vehicle; and obtaining second view data from the second transportation vehicle. The second view data is descriptive of a second view of a second user associated with the second transportation vehicle, and the second view includes an additional view that was blocked in the first view by the second transportation vehicle. In some implementations, the method includes presenting the second view on a first display associated with the first transportation vehicle. In other implementations, for example where the first transportation vehicle is a driver-less vehicle, the method includes providing an electronic signal identifying the second view to the first transportation vehicle.

Abstract: Once embodiment of the invention is directed to a method comprising receiving, at a computing device, image data from a camera, converting, by the computing device, the image data to a YUV color space, filtering, by the computing device, the converted image data based on intensity and a predetermined color to produce a filtered image, and determining, by the computing device, a location of light emitted from a controller from the filtered image.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to vehicles and vehicle roof structures for concealing one or more sensors. Vehicle roof structures according to the present disclosure include a roof panel and a window extending at least up to the roof panel. A headliner extends along an interior portion of the roof panel to the window and is at least partially spaced from the roof panel in a direction of an interior of the vehicle to provide a sensor mounting volume therebetween, wherein the window extends along at least a portion of the sensor mounting volume. One or more sensors are positioned behind the window within the sensor mounting volume to provide a signal indicative of a characteristic of an environment of the vehicle detected by the one or more sensors through the window.

Abstract: A method and a device are disclosed for warning a driver of a first vehicle when the first vehicle is located in a blind spot of a second vehicle. The method includes recording the surrounding area in front of and alongside the first vehicle using a sensor, classifying objects in the recorded surrounding area, determining a relative position of an object classified as a second vehicle in relation to the first vehicle using the sensor, calculating the area of a blind angle on the basis of the determined relative position of the object in relation to the first vehicle, checking whether the first vehicle is located in the calculated area of the blind angle, and generating a warning signal for the driver of the first vehicle when the first vehicle is located in the calculated area of the blind angle.

Abstract: A parking assistance device includes: an obstacle detection unit detecting an obstacle; a target position determination unit determining a target position between a first virtual obstacle, based on a first obstacle, and a second virtual obstacle based on a second obstacle being lined up with the first obstacle in a first direction; and a route determination unit determining a first route from the position of a vehicle to the target position, and that, when while the vehicle travels along the determined first route, the obstacle detection unit has detected a third obstacle positioned between the first and second obstacles and closer to the first obstacle than the second obstacle, enlarges the first virtual obstacle, and determines a second route that avoids the enlarged first virtual obstacle and is set from the position of the vehicle to the target position.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an onboard camera automatic calibration apparatus includes at least a road surface point selection unit, an amount-of-rotation-around-Z-axis calculation unit and a coordinate rotation correction unit. The road surface point selection unit selects multiple points not less than three on a road surface in a predetermined image among the multiple images obtained by an onboard camera and selects multiple combinations of two points from among the multiple points. The amount-of-rotation-around-Z-axis calculation unit determines, in a camera coordinate system with an optical axis as a Z axis, an amount of rotation around the Z axis such that the road surface is parallel to an X axis, based on the multiple combinations and motion vectors. The coordinate rotation correction unit performs rotation correction around the Z axis for the images obtained by the onboard camera based on the determined amount of rotation around the Z axis.

Abstract: A system includes a vehicle having a rear bumper and a trailer hitch assembly having a hitch trailer ball; a trailer having a tongue adapted to engage with the hitch trailer ball and a platform configured to carry a load; and a monitoring system having a computer, a sensor operably associated with the computer and configured to measure a weight of the load carried by the trailer, and an alarm operably associated with the computer and configured to notify a user as a predetermined weight threshold is reached.

Abstract: A distance measuring apparatus is installed in a thing and a distance between the thing and a measuring target varies. The distance measuring apparatus includes a plurality of imaging devices; a first distance acquisition part that acquires a first distance to the measuring target based on respective sets of image data taken by the plurality of imaging devices; a second distance acquisition part that acquires a second distance to the measuring target based on a reflected wave of an electromagnetic wave irradiated onto the measuring target; and a holding member that holds the plurality of imaging devices and the second distance acquisition part.

Abstract: A fork-lift truck includes a load carrier, a first optical detector, an optical analyzing unit, and a second optical detector. The analyzing unit receives and analyses information from the second optical detector, wherein the first and second optical detector are movable together with the load carrier, and the first optical detector is positioned in relation to the load carrier, such that a first field of view includes at least a part of the load carrier and an extension of the load carrier. The second optical detector is positioned, such that a second field of view includes a predetermined volume above the load carrier The position and orientation of the second detector is calibrated in relation to a predetermined position on the fork-lift truck, in case one or more objects are positioned in the predetermined volume, at least one three-dimensional relative position can be determined.

Abstract: Provided is an excellent robot device capable of preferably detecting difference between dirt and a scratch on a lens of a camera and difference between dirt and a scratch on a hand. A robot device 100 detects a site in which there is the dirt or the scratch using an image of the hand taken by a camera 305 as a reference image. Further, this determines whether the detected dirt or scratch is due to the lens of the camera 305 or the hand by moving the hand. The robot device 100 performs cleaning work assuming that the dirt is detected, and then this detects the difference between the dirt and the scratch depending on whether the dirt is removed.

Abstract: A method and system for correcting misrecognized information of a lane are provided. The method includes extracting lane information of a vehicle information and guard rail information and extracting reference points from each of the lane information and the guard rail information. The reference points are then connected to extract linear lanes and a guard rail and areas and tilts of the lanes and the guard rail are compared to correct the lanes and the guard rail.

Abstract: A driving support device outputs, to a display means (103), a superimposed image in which a pair of left and right planar predicted trajectory guide marks (405), (406) corresponding to steering of the vehicle are superimposed onto a captured vehicle-rearview image including the tow vehicle connector (402) and the towed-vehicle connector (404). An image superimposing unit (112) superimposes sides (405a), (406a) of the predicted trajectory guide marks (405), (406) that are on the vehicle-width-center side further towards the outer edge relative to the tow vehicle connector (402), and superimposes sides (405b), (406b) of the predicted trajectory guide marks (405), (406) that are on the outer-edge side in the vehicle-width direction as predicted trajectories of the side edges of the vehicle.

Abstract: A vehicle power-supplying system that wirelessly supply power to a vehicle includes a power-supplying coil installed at a location at which the vehicle can be stopped, first and second positioning posts whose positional relationship with the power-supplying coil is fixed, a position-identifying means installed in the vehicle and configured to identify a positional relationship of the power-supplying coil with the vehicle by detecting the first and second positioning posts, and a traveling support means configured to support traveling of the vehicle to the power-supplying coil based on the positional relationship with the power-supplying coil identified by the position-identifying means.

Abstract: A method and system provide guided control of a hitching operation between a tow vehicle and a trailer. Dynamic pixel images are collected of the first and second hitch devices using a camera. The position of the second hitch device is determined using the controller. A first graphical overlay to the dynamic pixel images is displayed, with the first graphical overlay, e.g., guidelines, depicting a path of the tow vehicle. A distance between a calibrated position of the first hitch device and the determined position of the second hitch device is calculated and a second graphical overlay is displayed on zoomed-in images when the calculated distance is less than a calibrated distance. The second graphical overlay provides indicia of the positions of the first and second hitch devices. A control action executes when the second graphical overlay indicates substantial overlap or concentric alignment of the indicia of the respective positions.

Abstract: A motor vehicle has at least one electronic rearview mirror, particularly an exterior and/or side mirror, that has a display apparatus, particularly a display, for images recorded by an exterior camera that is provided particularly outside the motor vehicle. The operator control element provided for adjusting an image detail from the image, which image detail is to be displayed on the display apparatus, and/or an orientation for the exterior camera is a mirror operator control element, developed for the purpose of adjusting a mirror face of a conventional exterior mirror, and/or a rotary/push control of a man/machine interface.

Abstract: A vehicle drive-control device which executes trajectory control in which steered wheels are controlled so as to make the vehicle travel along a target trajectory. When the possibility exists that the travel direction of the vehicle may be changed by the trajectory control, at least one of an operation position of a steering input unit operated by a driver; a yaw angle of the vehicle; and a lateral position of the vehicle with respect to a lane is changed before a change in the travel direction is made, thereby giving occupants in the vehicle advance notice of the possibility of a change in vehicle travel direction caused by the trajectory control.

Abstract: Arrangements relate to providing multi-directional assistance while maneuvering a vehicle. The vehicle can have an exterior with a first lateral side and a second lateral side. The vehicle can include a side camera provided on one of the first lateral side or the second lateral side. The side camera can be movable between a plurality of facing positions. It can be determined whether a current facing position of the side camera matches a current vehicle movement direction. If it is determined that the current facing position of the side camera does not match the current vehicle movement direction, the facing position of the side camera can be automatically adjusted so that the facing position of the side camera matches the current vehicle movement direction.

Abstract: A driving assistance apparatus captures with a camera a video image showing an area, which surrounds a vehicle and includes a target on a road surface; generates a positioning video image for positioning the vehicle; and displays the generated positioning video image on a display monitor. The driving assistance apparatus also acquires a relative location of the target with respect to the vehicle. Further, based on the relative location of the target, the driving assistance apparatus switches the display mode of the positioning video image displayed on the display monitor between a first display mode (in which the target moves with respect to the vehicle) and a second display mode (in which the vehicle moves with respect to the target).

Abstract: A dual camera system for viewing a coupling of a hitch to a trailer, such as on a semi tractor truck, includes two video cameras. Two doors that open automatically by arms and linkages expose the video cameras when the vehicle is shifted into reverse. A split screen view is shown to the driver rearward toward the trailer and forward toward the hitch plate. The arms and linkages automatically close the doors after the vehicle is shifted out of reverse, such as after a delay that permits the driver to determine if the hitch latch is secure. The linkages are sliding linkages with a spring so that the doors can be opened manually for cleaning the lenses of the cameras.

Abstract: When a vehicle speed is equal to or lower than a vehicle speed threshold value, a display displays an imaged image in which an icon is displayed at the position corresponding to the object as an overhead view display image. When the vehicle speed exceeds the vehicle speed threshold value, the display displays an icon display image in which the icon is displayed at the position corresponding to the object as the overhead view display image. Though the overhead view display image displayed on the display is switched between the imaged image and the icon display image according to the change of the vehicle speed, the icon representing the object can continuously be displayed.

Abstract: A method of operating a robot includes electronically receiving images and augmenting the images by overlaying a representation of the robot on the images. The robot representation includes user-selectable portions. The method includes electronically displaying the augmented images and receiving an indication of a selection of at least one user-selectable portion of the robot representation. The method also includes electronically displaying an intent to command the selected at least one user-selectable portion of the robot representation, receiving an input representative of a user interaction with at least one user-selectable portion, and issuing a command to the robot based on the user interaction.

Abstract: A method of assisting a driver of a vehicle in driving a road, the method includes determining a location of a road boundary relative to the vehicle using a sensor, selecting, via a controller, a parameter to assist a driver of the vehicle at the location of the road boundary, updating the parameter based on a previous operation of the vehicle, determining, via the controller, whether the vehicle is approaching the road boundary based on a vehicle trajectory and the location of a road boundary, and providing a feedback operation to assist the driver in avoiding the road boundary, the feedback operation based on the selected parameter.

Abstract: A system for determining lens position includes a first sensor component disposed on a stationary housing of a camera. A second sensor component is disposed on a rotating lens component of the camera. A processor is operatively connected to the first and second sensory components to identify the position of the rotating lens component of the camera based on a difference between a first angle defined by the first sensor component and Earth's gravitational field and a second angle defined by the second sensor component and Earth's gravitational field.

Abstract: A method is provided for activating, on a second network, a terminal having a memory module including a temporary identification datum and being associated in a central database with a first predetermined network. The method includes a first step of authenticating the memory module with the central database by way of the temporary identification datum, a step of determining a new identification datum following an activation of the terminal in the second network, and transmitting this new identification datum to the memory module for storage on the memory module. Also provided are an associated computing entity and a terminal containing the associated memory module.

Abstract: Certain embodiments of the invention may include systems, methods, and apparatus for controlling devices based on a detected gaze. According to an example embodiment of the invention, a method is provided for executing computer executable instructions by one or more processors for controlling one or more devices attached to a vehicle based at least in part on a detected direction of observation of an occupant of the vehicle, the method further includes receiving one or more images from at least one camera attached to the vehicle; locating, from the one or more images, one or more body features associated with the occupant; determining a direction of gaze from the one or more located body features; and controlling the one or more devices based at least in part on the direction of gaze.

Abstract: A camera system is installed on the front end of a vehicle, either on the left front, the right front, or both sides. The camera is linked via wired or wireless connection to an onboard computer and a navigation display that is located within the passenger compartment of the vehicle. The driver reviews a visual description on the display of any oncoming traffic in the form of motor vehicles, pedestrians, cyclists, animals and the like on the navigation display via a single screen, split screen or alternating screens. The camera system can include a speed sensor that detects when the vehicle reaches a threshold speed to activate or de-activate the camera. Alternatively, the computer can activate the system when a turn signal is activated, and de-activate the system when the turn signal is no longer activated. This camera system can be retrofitted into older vehicles.

Abstract: One or more embodiments of techniques or systems for creating a road marking classification template and vehicle localization using road markings are provided herein. A road marking classification template database includes templates of training images taken from different navigation environments. A training image with a road marking can be rectified and enhanced. Corners can be calculated for the road marking using the rectified or enhanced image. Locations can be determined for the corners and stored as part of a template. Similarly, a runtime image can also be rectified, enhanced, boosted, etc. Additionally, corners can be calculated for the runtime image and matched against corners of templates from the template database. A location or a pose of a vehicle can be determined using the match. In this way, vehicle localization is provided such that drift or other issues associated with GPS, such as occlusion, are mitigated, for example.

Abstract: A system and method for remote device control are disclosed. A system incorporating teachings of the present disclosure may include a radio controlled toy and a controller for controlling the toy. In some embodiments, the controller may have an input mechanism and a housing component that defines a cavity, within which may be located a wireless wide area transceiver and a wireless local area transceiver. Some controllers may also have an operating system for the controller and an application resident on the controller and operable to convert inputs received via the input mechanism into commands for the toy. The controller may have a microprocessor operable to execute the application and to cause the commands to be communicated to the toy using the wireless local area transceiver.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for extracting a curb of a road using a laser range finder and a method for localizing of a mobile robot using curb information of a road. The method for extracting the curb of the road using the laser range finder includes extracting a road surface and line segments from scan data of the laser range finder, extracting a plurality of curb candidate line segments among the line segments on the basis of an angle between the road surface and the line segment, extracting a plurality of curb candidates having a plurality of curb properties, wherein each of the plurality of curb candidates is generated by combining the couple of the curb candidate line segments, and applying the plurality of the curb candidates to a Kernel Fisher Discriminant Analysis to extract a final curb.

Abstract: A vehicle obstacle detection system includes an imaging system for capturing objects in a field of view and a radar device for sensing objects in a substantially same field of view. The substantially same field of view is partitioned into an occupancy grid having a plurality of observation cells. A fusion module receives radar data from the radar device and imaging data from the imaging system. The fusion module projects the occupancy grid and associated radar data onto the captured image. The fusion module extracts features from each corresponding cell using sensor data from the radar device and imaging data from the imaging system. A primary classifier determines whether an extracted feature extracted from a respective observation cell is an obstacle.

Abstract: Aspects of the disclosure relate to identifying construction objects. As an example, an image captured by a camera associated with a vehicle as the vehicle is driven along a roadway may be received. This image may be converted into a first channel corresponding to an average brightness contribution from red, blue and green channels of the image. The image may also be converted into a second channel corresponding to a contribution of a color from the red and the green channels of the image. A template may then be used to identify a region of the image corresponding to a potential construction object from the first channel and the second channel.

Abstract: An image processing device includes a processor; and a memory which stores a plurality of instructions that cause the processor to execute, capturing an image including vehicle side information, dividing the image into a plurality of areas, and defining a first divided area image including a center of a side end of the image and a second divided area image not including the center of the side end of the image; smoothing the first divided area image using a first filter, or smoothing the second divided area image using a second filter having a greater coefficient than that of the first filter; extracting a plurality of feature points from the first divided area image or the second divided area image; calculating an optical flow from the plurality of feature points of the first divided area image or the second divided area image.