Abstract: A mobile crop monitoring and treatment system includes a vehicle with a propulsion system and multiple sensors mounted on the vehicle. Each sensor is configured to capture data pertaining to at least one plant-related parameter when the sensor is positioned proximate to a plant in a crop. The system also includes a storage system configured to house multiple treatment agents, including at least one chemical pesticide and at least one biological control agent, on-board the vehicle. The system further includes an application system configured to apply one or more of the treatment agents to the plant. In addition, the system includes a controller configured to control movement of the vehicle and operation of the sensors and application system. The controller is configured to cause the application system to apply one or more treatment agents to the plant in response to one or more signals from one or more sensors.

Abstract: An object is to reduce a circuit scale in a solid-state imaging element that detects an address event. The solid-state imaging element is provided with a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements, a signal supply unit, and a detection unit. In this solid-state imaging element, each of the plurality of photoelectric conversion elements photoelectrically converts incident light to generate a first electric signal. Furthermore, in the solid-state imaging element, the detection unit detects whether or not a change amount of the first electric signal of each of the plurality of photoelectric conversion elements exceeds a predetermined threshold and outputs a detection signal indicating a result of the detection result.

Abstract: There is provided a motion sensor including a pixel array and a processor. The motion sensor is embedded with multiple power consumption modes. In one of the multiple power consumption modes, the pixel array outputs image frames having different frame formats. The processor processes the image frames having different frame formats respectively using different algorithms so as to achieve the purposes of low power consumption and high detection sensitivity.

Abstract: A photodetector device includes: a plurality of light detector elements; and a plurality of filters, in which each filter of the plurality of filters is arranged in front of a light detection surface of a corresponding light detector element to filter incoming light incident on the light detection surface, and in which the plurality of filters are configured to filter at least two different wavelength bands, respectively, of the incoming light, and in which the at least two wavelength bands combine to span a predefined range of wavelengths, and in which each filter of the plurality of filters has a corresponding spectral sensitivity, and in which a sum of the spectral sensitivity curves of the plurality of filters over the predefined range of wavelengths is a constant value.

Abstract: An image sensor including a semiconductor substrate, a plurality of color filters, a plurality of first lenses and a second lens is provided. The semiconductor substrate includes a plurality of sensing pixels arranged in array, and each of the plurality of sensing pixels respectively includes a plurality of image sensing units and a plurality of phase detection units. The color filters at least cover the plurality of image sensing units. The first lenses are disposed on the plurality of color filters. Each of the plurality of first lenses respectively covers one of the plurality of image sensing units. The second lens is disposed on the plurality of color filters and the second lens covers the plurality of phase detection units.

Abstract: There are disclosed an apparatus and method for processing images.

Abstract: Time deviation between event detection and gradation acquisition is reduced. A solid-state imaging apparatus according to an embodiment includes: a pixel array unit (300) including a plurality of pixel blocks (310) arrayed in a matrix; and a drive circuit (211) that generates a pixel signal in a first pixel block in which firing of an address event has been detected among the plurality of pixel blocks, each of the plurality of pixel blocks including a first photoelectric conversion element (331) that generates an electric charge according to an amount of incident light, a detection unit (400) that detects the firing of the address event based on the electric charge generated in the first photoelectric conversion element, a second photoelectric conversion element (321) that generates an electric charge according to an amount of incident light, and a pixel circuit (322, 323, 324, 325, 326) that generates a pixel signal based on the electric charge generated in the second photoelectric conversion element.

Abstract: A mounting area in a solid-state imaging device that detects an address event. The solid-state imaging device includes a light receiving chip and a detection chip. In the solid-state imaging device including the light receiving chip and the detection chip, the light receiving chip includes a photodiode that photoelectrically converts incident light and generates a photocurrent. In addition, in the solid-state imaging device, the detection chip quantizes a voltage signal corresponding to the photocurrent generated by the photodiode in the light receiving chip and outputs the voltage signal as a detection signal.

Abstract: A method and system including: an aerial vehicle including: a first camera comprising a first sensor having at least red, green, and blue color channels, where the blue color channel is sensitive to near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths; a first optical filter disposed in front of the first sensor, wherein the first optical filter is configured to block wavelengths below green, between red and NIR, and longer wavelength NIR; a processor having addressable memory in communication with the first camera, where the processor is configured to: capture at least one image of vegetation from the first camera; provide red, green, and NIR color channels from the captured image from the first camera; and determine at least one vegetative index based on the provided red, green, and NIR color channels.

Abstract: A pixel array includes pixel cells, each including photodiodes. A source follower is coupled to generate an image signal in response image charge generated by the photodiodes. A first row select transistor is coupled to the source follower to output the image signal of the pixel cell. Pixel cells are organized into columns including a first column and a second column. The first row select transistors of the pixel cells of the first and second columns of pixel cells are coupled to first and second column bitlines, respectively. The pixel cells of the second column of pixel cells further include a second row select transistor coupled to the source follower to output the respective image signal to the first column bitline.

Abstract: Provided are a display panel and a display device. An array layer is located on a substrate. A display layer is located on a side of the array layer facing away from the substrate and includes light-emitting elements. A color filter layer is located on a side of the display layer facing away from the array layer. The color filter layer includes a light-blocking layer and color filters. The light-blocking layer includes first light-blocking portions. Each first light-blocking portion forms an imaging aperture. A protective layer is located on the color filter layer. Each first metal part overlaps the first light-blocking portion. The optical sensor layer is located on a side of the color filter layer facing away from the protective layer and configured to detect an image formed by the imaging aperture. Further provided is a display device including the preceding display panel.

Abstract: A pixel arrangement structure of an OLED display is provided. The pixel arrangement structure includes: a first pixel having a center coinciding with a center of a virtual square; a second pixel separated from the first pixel and having a center at a first vertex of the virtual square; and a third pixel separated from the first pixel and the second pixel, and having a center at a second vertex neighboring the first vertex of the virtual square.

Abstract: Time deviation between event detection and gradation acquisition is reduced. A solid-state imaging apparatus according to an embodiment includes: a pixel array unit (300) including a plurality of pixel blocks (310) arrayed in a matrix; and a drive circuit (211) that generates a pixel signal in a first pixel block in which firing of an address event has been detected among the plurality of pixel blocks, each of the plurality of pixel blocks including a first photoelectric conversion element (331) that generates an electric charge according to an amount of incident light, a detection unit (400) that detects the firing of the address event based on the electric charge generated in the first photoelectric conversion element, a second photoelectric conversion element (321) that generates an electric charge according to an amount of incident light, and a pixel circuit (322, 323, 324, 325, 326) that generates a pixel signal based on the electric charge generated in the second photoelectric conversion element.

Abstract: Methods and systems estimate crop coefficients of a crop. At least one image sensor system captures a plurality of multispectral images of the crop and image data is derived from the multispectral images. At least one vegetation index of the crop is determined based on image data in at least a first spectral band. The reflectance of the crop monotonically increases and reaches a reflectance of at least 20% for at least one wavelength in the first spectral band. A crop coefficient of the crop is estimated based on the determined at least one vegetation index.

Abstract: A mounting area in a solid-state imaging device that detects an address event. The solid-state imaging device includes a light receiving chip and a detection chip. In the solid-state imaging device including the light receiving chip and the detection chip, the light receiving chip includes a photodiode that photoelectrically converts incident light and generates a photocurrent. In addition, the solid-state imaging device, the detection chip quantizes a voltage signal corresponding to the photocurrent generated by the photodiode in the light receiving chip and outputs the voltage signal as a detection signal.

Abstract: A flare-blocking image sensor includes large pixels and small pixels, a microlens, and an opaque element. The large pixels and small pixels form a first and second pixel array respectively, each having a pixel pitch Px and Py. The second pixel array is offset from the first pixel array by ½Px and ½Py. A first large pixel of the large pixels is between and collinear with a first and a second small pixel separated by ?{square root over (Px2+Py2 )} in a first direction and each having a width W less than both pixel pitch Px and Py. The microlens is aligned with the first large pixel. The opaque element is between the first large pixel and the microlens and extends, in the first direction, less than ½(?{square root over (Px2+Py2)}?W) from the first small pixel toward the second small pixel. The opaque element has a width perpendicular to the first direction not exceeding width W.

Abstract: A mesh network-based environmental data capture system and method for providing communication between a base system having at least one wireless input capture device ICD(s) and other ICD(s), wherein the ICD(s) are capable of smart cross-communication with each other and remote access to their inputs via a server computer, including the steps of providing this base system; at least one user accessing the ICDs and inputs remotely via a user interface through a remote server computer and/or electronic device communicating with it, for providing a secure surveillance system with extended inputs range and wireless smart cross-communication for monitoring a target environment.

Abstract: To extend drive time in an imaging apparatus driven by a battery. The imaging apparatus includes a remaining battery level detection unit, a solid-state imaging element, and a control unit. In the imaging apparatus, the remaining battery level detection unit detects a remaining battery level of the battery. Furthermore, in the imaging apparatus, the solid-state imaging element captures image data. Moreover, in the imaging apparatus, the control unit controls the solid-state imaging element to capture image data so that the lower the remaining battery level measured by a remaining battery level measurement unit, the smaller the data amount of the image data to be captured in synchronization with a predetermined synchronization signal.

Abstract: A flare-suppressing image sensor includes a first pixel formed in a substrate and a refractive element located above the first pixel. The refractive element has, with respect to a top surface of the substrate, a height profile having at least two one-dimensional local maxima in each of a first cross-sectional plane and a second cross-sectional plane perpendicular to the first cross-sectional plane. Each of the first and second cross-sectional planes is perpendicular to the top surface and intersects the first pixel.

Abstract: The invention provides an image color enhancement system, method, storage medium and endoscope. Based on that the human skin color and the basic tone of endoscopic image are similar, utilizing a standard data set of Macbeth color card, a color correction matrix for skin color enhancement is generated, which is used by an endoscope for real time image capture, resulting in a vivid expression of the basic tone of an endoscopic image without introducing artifacts in other tonal image parts.

Abstract: A pixel circuit wherein a pixel arrangement comprises a pixel comprising a photodetector, an integrator for accumulating a signal from the photodetector, a source following output transistor for amplifying the integrated signal, and a current source for applying a readout current through the output transistor, a voltage regulating circuit comprising an amplifier, a replica transistor dimensioned substantially the same as the output transistor, and a replica current source for providing substantially the readout current through each replica transistor, a gate of the replica transistor is connected with an output node of the amplifier connected with the pixel arrangement, and a source of the replica transistor is connected with a negative input of the amplifier, and with the replica current source, a predefined reference voltage is applicable to a positive input.

Abstract: An imaging device includes groupings of photodiodes having four photodiodes. A transfer transistor is between each photodiode and a floating diffusion. Each floating diffusion is coupled to up to two photodiodes per grouping at a time through transfer transistors. A buffer transistor is coupled to each floating diffusion. The buffer transistors may be in a first or second grouping of buffer transistors. A first bit line is coupled to up to two buffer transistors of the first grouping and a second bit line is coupled to up to two buffer transistors of the second grouping of buffer transistors at a time. A color filter array including a plurality of groupings of color filters is disposed over respective photodiodes of the photodiode array, wherein each grouping of color filters includes four color filters having a same color, wherein each grouping of color filters overlaps two groupings of photodiodes.

Abstract: The present technology relates to a focus detecting device and an electronic device that can adjust the maximum value and the minimum value of sensitivity in phase detection pixels. The focus detecting device and an electronic device each include a microlens, a photoreceptor configured to receive light entering through the microlens, a light shield film provided between the microlens and the photoreceptor and configured to limit an amount of light on the photoreceptor, and a light shield wall provided vertical to the light shield film. The light shield wall or the light shield walls having a predetermined height are provided on any one or both of surfaces of the light shield film facing the photoreceptor and the microlens. The present technology can be applied to an imaging device configured to detect a focus by detection of phase difference.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a display panel and a method for manufacturing the same, a pixel light emitting compensation method, and a display apparatus. The display panel comprises a plurality of pixel units arranged in an array, wherein each of the pixel units comprises: an array substrate comprising a pixel driving circuit; a pixel defining layer disposed on a first surface of the array substrate and having a via hole wherein the first surface is far away from a substrate of the array substrate; a light emitting unit disposed in the via hole, wherein the light emitting unit is electrically connected to an output terminal of the pixel driving circuit, so that driving current output by the pixel driving circuit drives the light emitting unit to emit light; and a photoelectric converter configured to receive the light emitted by the light emitting unit.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and a device for iris recognition. By providing a sensing unit under the iris recognition region of the display unit, the invention can capture the iris information of the user's eyeball in time, and then compare with the presetting iris information, and execute the operation instruction corresponding to the iris information, thereby effectively improving the precision of the iris recognition. In addition, the sensing unit is disposed under the display unit, and the overall thickness of the mobile device can be effectively reduced compared with the structure in which the camera is protruded and disposed independently outside the region of the display screen, so that the wearable device or the mobile device is thinner and more suitable for flexible wearable devices or mobile devices, to meet the needs of the market.

Abstract: A solid-state imaging element including a phase difference detection pixel pair that includes first and second phase difference detection pixels is provided. In particular, each phase difference detection pixel of the first and second phase difference detection pixels includes a first photoelectric conversion unit arranged at an upper side of a semiconductor substrate and a second photoelectric conversion unit arranged within the semiconductor substrate. The first photoelectric conversion film may be an organic film. In addition, phase difference detection pixels may be realized without using a light shielding film.

Abstract: A multispectral imaging sensor includes at least one superpixel including a plurality of pixels. Each pixel includes an imaging element, and each imaging element includes at least one photodetector. Each pixel further includes a spectral filter associated with the imaging element. The spectral filter permits light to pass to its associated imaging element only within a plurality of passbands.

Abstract: A display panel includes a first display substrate including first to third pixel areas and a light blocking area that is adjacent to the first to third pixel areas and a second display substrate including first to third display elements respectively overlapping the first to third pixel areas. The first display substrate includes a base substrate, a first color filter overlapping the first pixel area and having a first color, a second color filter overlapping the second pixel area and having a second color different from the first color, a third color filter disposed on the base substrate, having a third color different from the first and second colors, and including a filter portion overlapping the third pixel area and a light blocking portion overlapping the light blocking area, and a light blocking member disposed on the light blocking portion and containing a black organic pigment.

Abstract: A camera system with a complementary pixlet structure and a method of operating the same are provided. The camera system includes an image sensor that includes at least one 2×2 pixel block including a first pixel, a second pixel, and two third pixels—the two third pixels are disposed at positions diagonal to each other in the 2×2 pixel block and include deflected small pixlets, which are deflected in opposite directions to be symmetrical to each other with respect to each pixel center, and large pixlets adjacent to the deflected small pixlets, respectively, and each pixlet includes an photodiode converting an optical signal to an electrical signal and a depth calculator that receives images acquired from the deflected small pixlets of the two third pixels and calculates a depth between the image sensor and an object using a parallax between the images.

Abstract: A mesh network environmental data capture system and method for providing communication between a base system having at least one wireless input capture device ICD(s) and other ICD(s), wherein the ICD(s) are capable of smart cross-communication with each other and remote access to their inputs via a server computer, including the steps of providing this base system; at least one user accessing the ICDs and inputs remotely via a user interface through a remote server computer and/or electronic device communicating with it, for providing a secure surveillance system with extended inputs range and wireless smart cross-communication for monitoring a target environment.

Abstract: There is provided an imaging device, an electronic apparatus including an imaging device, and an automotive vehicle including an electronic apparatus including an imaging device, including: a first substrate including a first set of photoelectric conversion units; a second substrate including a second set of photoelectric conversion units; and an insulating layer between the first substrate and the second substrate; where the insulating layer has a capability to reflect a first wavelength range of light and transmit a second wavelength range of light that is longer than the first wavelength range of light.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus includes a first setting unit configured to set a target range of a luminance level, and a generation unit configured to generate a processed image by performing image processing on a first region of an image in such a manner that the first region is distinguished from a second region and a third region, the first region having a luminance level included in the target range and having a color not included in a target color gamut, the second region having a luminance level not included in the target range and having a color not included in the target color gamut, and the third region having a luminance level not included in the target range and having a color included in the target color gamut.

Abstract: An optical system, comprising a multi-spectral optical element, a switchable filter, a dual bandpass filter, and a sensor. The multi-spectral optical element receives light in at least a first spectral band and a second spectral band. The dual bandpass filter filters out wavelengths of light in a transition region of the switchable filter between the first spectral band and the second spectral band. The switchable filter filters light received from the dual bandpass filter in the first spectral band in a first mode where the switchable filter transmits light in the first spectral band and in a second mode where the switchable filter does not transmit light in the first spectral band. The sensor is disposed at an image plane, and the multi-spectral optical element is configured to produce a modulation transfer function value that is a above a predetermined threshold for each of the spectral bands.

Abstract: A light filter structure is provided. The light filter structure includes a substrate having a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements. The light filter structure also includes a dielectric-stacking layer disposed on the substrate. The light filter structure further includes a flattening layer disposed on the dielectric-stacking layer. The dielectric-stacking layer has a wedge portion and a flattening portion adjacent to the wedge portion, the wedge portion has a continuously or non-continuously varied thickness, and the flattening portion has a substantially constant thickness.

Abstract: Provided is a microscope system including: a stage on which a multi-dyed specimen is mounted; an objective lens for collecting light from the specimen mounted on the stage; a Z-axis movement section for relatively moving the stage and the objective lens in a direction along the optical axis L of the objective lens; an XY-axis movement section for moving the stage in a direction orthogonal to the optical axis L; an image acquisition unit for acquiring a color image by capturing the light collected by the objective lens; and a depth-extension processing unit for generating a depth-extended image by performing depth extension processing dye by dye on the basis of a plurality of the color images that are acquired by the image acquisition unit at different positions of the stage relative to the objective lens set with the Z-axis movement section.

Abstract: A system (100), method and computer program product for determining plant diseases. The system includes an interface module (110) configured to receive an image (10) of a plant, the image (10) including a visual representation (11) of at least one plant element (1). A color normalization module (120) is configured to apply a color constancy method to the received image (10) to generate a color-normalized image. An extractor module (130) is configured to extract one or more image portions (11e) from the color-normalized image wherein the extracted image portions (11e) correspond to the at least one plant element (1).

Abstract: An electronic device is provided. The electronic device includes a processor configured to obtain a first image of an external object, generate a first color image and a second color image by using the first image, identify a difference in first spread level between a display object of the first color image and the display object of the second color image, determine a first on-focus position of a lens w based on the difference in first spread level, move the lens in a direction corresponding to the first on-focus position, obtain a second image of the external object, determine a second on-focus position of the lens based on a difference in second spread level between the external object contained in the first image and the external object contained in the second image, and move the lens to the second on-focus position.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a sensor including a plurality of arranged pixels, having a first sensitivity for a first area of the plurality of arranged pixels and a second sensitivity lower than the first sensitivity for a second area of the plurality of arranged pixels during preliminary light emission of a flash, and a processing circuit configured to generate an image of a subject area to be imaged based on a signal obtained by performing correction corresponding to a difference between the first sensitivity and the second sensitivity on a signal acquired from the sensor.

Abstract: An image sensor including a first image sensor element underlying a second image sensor element is provided. The first image sensor element is configured to generate electrical signals from an electromagnetic radiation within a first range of wavelengths. The second image sensor element is over the first image sensor and is configured to generate electrical signals from the electromagnetic radiation within a second range of wavelengths that is different than the first range of wavelengths. The first and second image sensor elements are within a substrate. The first image sensor element comprises a germanium layer between a bottom surface of the substrate and the second image sensor element. The second image sensor element comprises silicon.

Abstract: A security system for use with a wireless access point that is configured to transmit a first wireless signal within a predetermined transmission range includes an outdoor lighting fixture including a master wireless transceiver configured and located to receive the first wireless signal from the wireless access point and to re-transmit the first wireless signal beyond the predetermined transmission range; and a first peripheral device located and configured to receive the first wireless signal re-transmitted from the master wireless transceiver, and to transmit a second wireless signal to at least one of (a) the wireless access point via the master wireless transceiver, and (b) a second peripheral device.

Abstract: A-light-emitting device which realizes a high aperture ratio and in which the quality of image is little affected by the variation in the characteristics of TFTs. The channel length of the driving TFTs is selected to be very larger than the channel width of the driving TFTs to improve current characteristics in the saturated region, and a high VGS is applied to the driving TFTs to obtain a desired drain current. Therefore, the drain currents of the driving TFTs are little affected by the variation in the threshold voltage. In laying out the pixels, further, wiring is arranged under the partitioning wall and the driving TFTs are arranged under the wiring in order to avoid a decrease in the aperture ratio despite of an increase in the size of the driving TFT.

Abstract: Backside illuminated sensor pixel structure. In one embodiment, an image sensor includes a plurality of photodiodes arranged in rows and columns of a pixel array that are disposed in a semiconductor substrate. Individual photodiodes of the pixel array are configured to receive incoming light through a backside of the semiconductor substrate. The individual photodiodes have a diffusion region formed in an epitaxial region and a plurality of storage nodes (SGs) that are disposed on the front side of the semiconductor substrate and formed in the epitaxial region. An opaque isolation layer having a plurality of opaque isolation elements is disposed proximate to the front side of the semiconductor substrate and proximate to the diffusion region of the plurality of photodiodes. The opaque isolation elements are configured to block a path of incoming light from the backside of the semiconductor substrate toward the storage nodes.

Abstract: An imaging system comprises one or more optical sensor arrays with separate first and second sensor elements, an objective lens system, a polarization filter system, and associated logic. The objective lens system is configured to direct light received at a given angle onto the first sensor element and onto the second sensor element. The polarization filter system includes a first polarizer portion positioned to filter the light en route to the first sensor element and a second polarizer portion positioned to filter the light en route to the second sensor element, the first and second polarizer portions providing unequal relative attenuance of nonparallel polarization components of the light received at the given angle. The logic is configured to compare intensity of the light directed onto the first sensor element relative to the light directed onto the second sensor element.

Abstract: There is provided a medical imaging apparatus including a solid-state image sensor that includes a photoelectric converter having at least two photoelectric conversion layers stacked with respect to a light-receiving surface and separating received light into light of different wavelength bands and circuitry configured to control a light source device that illuminates a subject.

Abstract: A compound-eye imaging device is a compound-eye imaging device having a plurality of facet optical systems, an imaging element, and a signal processing unit. The plurality of facet optical systems of the compound-eye imaging device are disposed to face a subject in a two dimensional shape. Also, the imaging element of the compound-eye imaging device includes, in units of facets, a plurality of pixels which receive light concentrated by facet optical systems and generate image signals. Also, the signal processing unit of the compound-eye imaging device generates an image corresponding to the subject based on image signals generated by the imaging element of the compound-eye imaging device.

Abstract: Examples of complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor are provided. One example CMOS image sensor includes a first plurality of pixel units that are arranged in lattice manner and that are obtained by rotating a rectangular area including four sets of photodiodes and transfer gates (TX) and one charge accumulation portion by 45 degrees. The example CMOS image sensor further includes a second plurality of pixel units that are arranged by shifted in a horizon direction by half of the distance between the centers of the adjacent pixel units in the horizon direction and shifted in a vertical direction by half of the distance between the centers of the adjacent pixel units in the vertical direction from the positions of the respective pixel units of the first plurality of pixel units.

Abstract: The present technology relates to a focus detecting device and an electronic device that can adjust the maximum value and the minimum value of sensitivity in phase detection pixels. The focus detecting device and an electronic device each include a microlens, a photoreceptor configured to receive light entering through the microlens, a light shield film provided between the microlens and the photoreceptor and configured to limit an amount of light on the photoreceptor, and a light shield wall provided vertical to the light shield film. The light shield wall or the light shield walls having a predetermined height are provided on any one or both of surfaces of the light shield film facing the photoreceptor and the microlens. The present technology can be applied to an imaging device configured to detect a focus by detection of phase difference.

Abstract: A method for agronomic and agricultural monitoring includes designating an area for imaging, determining a flight path above the designated area, operating an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) along the flight path, acquiring images of the area using a camera system attached to the UAV, and processing the acquired images.

Abstract: An apparatus is described that includes an image sensor and a light source driver circuit integrated in a same semiconductor chip package. The image sensor includes visible light pixels and depth pixels. The depth pixels are to sense light generated with a light source drive signal. The light source drive signal is generated with the light source driver circuit.

Abstract: An apparatus is described that includes an image sensor and a light source driver circuit integrated in a same semiconductor chip package. The image sensor includes visible light pixels and depth pixels. The depth pixels are to sense light generated with a light source drive signal. The light source drive signal is generated with the light source driver circuit.