Abstract: A method includes capturing, by a camera disposed behind a display panel of an electronic device, a plurality of point spread functions (PSFs) through a semi-transparent pixel region of the display panel. Each of the plurality of PSFs is captured at a different exposure time. The method further includes generating an intensity dataset corresponding to the plurality of PSFs, the intensity dataset comprises a plurality of pixel location and a plurality of exposure times associated with the respective pixel locations, calculating a plurality of noise statistics values for the plurality of pixel locations of the intensity dataset, respectively, generating a pixel mask, the pixel mask filters the plurality of pixel locations for pixel locations with respective noise statistics values within a particular threshold, generating one or more high dynamic range (HDR) PSFs utilizing the plurality of PSFs and the pixel mask.

Abstract: Systems and methods for reducing interference between multiple infra-red depth cameras are described. In an embodiment, the system comprises multiple infra-red sources, each of which projects a structured light pattern into the environment. A controller is used to control the sources in order to reduce the interference caused by overlapping light patterns. Various methods are described including: cycling between the different sources, where the cycle used may be fixed or may change dynamically based on the scene detected using the cameras; setting the wavelength of each source so that overlapping patterns are at different wavelengths; moving source-camera pairs in independent motion patterns; and adjusting the shape of the projected light patterns to minimize overlap. These methods may also be combined in any way. In another embodiment, the system comprises a single source and a mirror system is used to cast the projected structured light pattern around the environment.

Abstract: A camera array, an imaging device and/or a method for capturing image that employ a plurality of imagers fabricated on a substrate is provided. Each imager includes a plurality of pixels. The plurality of imagers include a first imager having a first imaging characteristics and a second imager having a second imaging characteristics. The images generated by the plurality of imagers are processed to obtain an enhanced image compared to images captured by the imagers. Each imager may be associated with an optical element fabricated using a wafer level optics (WLO) technology.

Abstract: A camera array, an imaging device and/or a method for capturing image that employ a plurality of imagers fabricated on a substrate is provided. Each imager includes a plurality of pixels. The plurality of imagers include a first imager having a first imaging characteristics and a second imager having a second imaging characteristics. The images generated by the plurality of imagers are processed to obtain an enhanced image compared to images captured by the imagers. Each imager may be associated with an optical element fabricated using a wafer level optics (WLO) technology.

Abstract: A camera array, an imaging device and/or a method for capturing image that employ a plurality of imagers fabricated on a substrate is provided. Each imager includes a plurality of pixels. The plurality of imagers include a first imager having a first imaging characteristics and a second imager having a second imaging characteristics. The images generated by the plurality of imagers are processed to obtain an enhanced image compared to images captured by the imagers. Each imager may be associated with an optical element fabricated using a wafer level optics (WLO) technology.

Abstract: Systems and methods for implementing array cameras configured to perform super-resolution processing to generate higher resolution super-resolved images using a plurality of captured images and lens stack arrays that can be utilized in array cameras are disclosed. An imaging device in accordance with one embodiment of the invention includes at least one imager array, and each imager in the array comprises a plurality of light sensing elements and a lens stack including at least one lens surface, where the lens stack is configured to form an image on the light sensing elements, control circuitry configured to capture images formed on the light sensing elements of each of the imagers, and a super-resolution processing module configured to generate at least one higher resolution super-resolved image using a plurality of the captured images.

Abstract: A camera array, an imaging device and/or a method for capturing image that employ a plurality of imagers fabricated on a substrate is provided. Each imager includes a plurality of pixels. The plurality of imagers include a first imager having a first imaging characteristics and a second imager having a second imaging characteristics. The images generated by the plurality of imagers are processed to obtain an enhanced image compared to images captured by the imagers. Each imager may be associated with an optical element fabricated using a wafer level optics (WLO) technology.

Abstract: A camera array, an imaging device and/or a method for capturing image that employ a plurality of imagers fabricated on a substrate is provided. Each imager includes a plurality of pixels. The plurality of imagers include a first imager having a first imaging characteristics and a second imager having a second imaging characteristics. The images generated by the plurality of imagers are processed to obtain an enhanced image compared to images captured by the imagers. Each imager may be associated with an optical element fabricated using a wafer level optics (WLO) technology.

Abstract: A camera array, an imaging device and/or a method for capturing image that employ a plurality of imagers fabricated on a substrate is provided. Each imager includes a plurality of pixels. The plurality of imagers include a first imager having a first imaging characteristics and a second imager having a second imaging characteristics. The images generated by the plurality of imagers are processed to obtain an enhanced image compared to images captured by the imagers. Each imager may be associated with an optical element fabricated using a wafer level optics (WLO) technology.

Abstract: A camera array, an imaging device and/or a method for capturing image that employ a plurality of imagers fabricated on a substrate is provided. Each imager includes a plurality of pixels. The plurality of imagers include a first imager having a first imaging characteristics and a second imager having a second imaging characteristics. The images generated by the plurality of imagers are processed to obtain an enhanced image compared to images captured by the imagers. Each imager may be associated with an optical element fabricated using a wafer level optics (WLO) technology.

Abstract: Systems and methods for implementing array cameras configured to perform super-resolution processing to generate higher resolution super-resolved images using a plurality of captured images and lens stack arrays that can be utilized in array cameras are disclosed. An imaging device in accordance with one embodiment of the invention includes at least one imager array, and each imager in the array comprises a plurality of light sensing elements and a lens stack including at least one lens surface, where the lens stack is configured to form an image on the light sensing elements, control circuitry configured to capture images formed on the light sensing elements of each of the imagers, and a super-resolution processing module configured to generate at least one higher resolution super-resolved image using a plurality of the captured images.

Abstract: In an image pickup element, basic array patterns are repeatedly arranged in a horizontal direction and a vertical direction, each of the basic array patterns being made of I×J color filters, the color filters of each of three or more colors being arrayed in a mixed state, an arrangement cycle (I×J) of a basic array pattern is different from an arrangement cycle (2×2) of a sharing configuration pattern, the basic array pattern includes at least one same-color square array pattern which is made of 2×2 color filters of a same color respectively arranged on the 2×2 pixels of the sharing configuration pattern, a characteristic information storage unit stores information on sensitivity calculated from output values of the 2×2 pixels, and a control unit and a digital signal processing unit correct a sensitivity difference between all the pixels of the image pickup element with use of the information on the sensitivity.

Abstract: A light source system for detecting oral cavity has an illumination module and a filter module. A spectral range of light is illuminated from the illumination module and filtered through the filter module. When light of such spectral range is irradiated onto a diagnostic area, high chromatic difference and contrast existing between areas with pathological change and normal areas is employed to enhance correctness of diagnoses and operations.

Abstract: A bidirectional screen alternately switches between a display mode showing conventional graphics and a capture mode in which the LCD backlight is disabled and the LCD displays a pinhole array or a tiled-broadband code. A large-format image sensor is placed behind the liquid crystal layer. Together, the image sensor and LCD function as a mask-based light field camera, capturing an array of images equivalent to that produced by an array of cameras spanning the display surface. The recovered multi-view orthographic imagery is used to passively estimate the depth of scene points from focus.

Abstract: An imaging device includes: an optical system, for focusing light from subjects; color imaging element including a plurality of types of light receiving sections that detect light of different wavelength bands, for imaging focused images of the subjects; and an image processing section, for performing filtering processes to remove blur caused by the optical system from data output by the imaging element. The pitch among specified light receiving sections that contribute most to brightness signals is set smaller than that among other light receiving sections. The point spread diameter of the optical system on the specified light receiving sections is set to be greater than the pitch among the specified light receiving sections for wavelengths detected thereby, and less than the pitches among the other light receiving sections for wavelengths detected thereby. The image processing section performs the filtering process only on data output by the specified light receiving sections.

Abstract: The solid-state image sensor of this invention includes an array of pixels and light-transmitting portions 30a, 30b, 30c, 30d. The array is divided into unit pixel blocks, each of which is made up of N pixels (where N is an integer that is equal to or greater than two). The light-transmitting portions are arranged so that each light-transmitting portion faces an associated one of the pixels. Each of the light-transmitting portions is divided into M striped areas (where M is an integer that is equal to or greater than two). The respective areas have had their optical transmittances set independently of each other. The arrangement pattern of the optical transmittances of the light-transmitting portions 30a, 30b, 30c, 30d vary from one block to another.

Abstract: A camera module includes a circuit board having a supporting surface, a socket fixed on the supporting surface of the circuit board and defining a receiving space, an image sensor received in the receiving space, and a lens group optically coupled with the image sensor. The receiving space of the socket has an entrance and an internal surface. A block protrusion is formed on the internal surface. The block protrusion includes a first ramp extending from the internal surface to a center portion of the receiving space. The lens group includes a plurality of optical components. A slope parallel to the first ramp is formed on one of the optical components. At least part of the lens group is received in the receiving space and blocked by the block protrusion, with the first ramp resisting against the slope. A method for assembling the camera module is also provided.

Abstract: In an autostereoscopic display apparatus comprising a liquid crystal spatial light modulator having an array of pixels of different colors, each pixel comprising plural domains of different polar alignments, and a parallax element comprising an array of optical elements having geometric axes extending in parallel across the spatial light modulator in an inclined direction, the domains are shaped to improve the angular contrast uniformity. For each individual domain, a notional line parallel to the geometric axes of the optical elements of the parallax element has a total length of intersection with the individual domain, summed over adjacent pixels of the same color, is the same for all positions of the notional line. The total length of intersection for different domains is proportional to the area of the individual domains.

Abstract: A two-dimensional filter arithmetic device comprises a picture memory, a line memory, a vertical filtering unit which includes nine first filter modules installed in parallel, a buffer for timing adjustments, and a horizontal filtering unit which includes four second filter modules installed in parallel. From the line memory, the pixel values of nine full pels per line are inputted in parallel to the vertical filtering unit, nine vertically-filtered values of half pels are generated and inputted to the horizontal filtering unit; thereby, four two-dimensionally-filtered values of half pels are generated.

Abstract: Disclosed is a solid-state imaging device which includes a group of elements, the group including at least color photoelectric conversion elements configured to convert light signals in first, second, and third wavelength ranges to electric signals, respectively, a white photoelectric conversion element configured to convert light signals in the wavelength range including the entire visible light range and a portion of the infrared light range to electric signals, and a light-shielded diode element configured to be shielded from light. A unit is formed by including the white photoelectric conversion element and the light-shielded diode element for one color photoelectric conversion element, and within the unit, the white photoelectric conversion element is electrically connected with the light-shielded diode element by way of an overflow path. A camera provided with the solid-state imaging device is also disclosed.

Abstract: An imaging device includes a photoreceptor portion including a plurality of photoreceptors arranged in an array, a microlens array including a plurality of microlenses, and a light shielding layer placed between the photoreceptor portion and the microlens array. The light shielding layer has apertures located corresponding to the plurality of photoreceptors. An optical relationship of an actual length d1 of an aperture width of the apertures on a side of the photoreceptors, an actual length p of a distance between adjacent microlenses, an equivalent air length t0 of a distance between vein and a top of the microlenses, and an equivalent air length t1 of a thickness between the top of the microlenses and an aperture position of the apertures on the side of the photoreceptors satisfies: 1.36 × t ? ? 1 p ? d ? ? 1 ? 2.4 × t ? ? 1 p + p × t ? ? 1 t ? ? 0 .

Abstract: A solid-state image sensor having unit pixel cells arranged in a matrix form, each unit pixel cell having a photoelectric conversion element formed on a semiconductor substrate, a color filter formed on the photoelectric conversion element and a micro-lens formed on the color filter, where a thickness of the color filter is greater in the center than in the periphery. Further, the color filters adjoin in vertical and horizontal directions in the arrangement of the unit pixel cells. A cross-sectional shape of the color filter is, for example, triangular, trapezoidal, convex, lens-shaped or semielliptic.

Abstract: An image sensor device formed in an integrated circuit (IC) having a filter device in which filter elements are arranged to provide color symmetry with respect to an optical center of the imaging array of pixels. This color symmetry ensures that any color cross-talk that occurs will be symmetrical with respect to the optical center of the imaging array and will result in a color error that is radial and easily correctable using color interpolation.

Abstract: The present invention provides an image shake correcting apparatus including a shake signal output device, an image displacing device, and an image shake correcting device, comprising: a pan/tilt detecting device which detects panning or tilting of said optical system; an image shake correction stopping device which stops image shake correction by said image shake correcting device when said panning or tilting has been detected; a pan/tilt end detecting device which detects the end of said panning or tilting; an image shake correction restarting device which causes said image shake correcting device to resume image shake correction when the end of said panning or tilting has been detected; and an object frequency band altering device which raises, for a prescribed length of time after the resumption of said image shake correction, the cutoff frequency on the low frequency side of the frequency band covered by said image shake correction.

Abstract: An optical element is disclosed which has an excellent optical low-pass filter effect. The optical element has optical anisotropy and separates entering light into light rays having polarization directions perpendicular to each other. The optical element satisfies the following conditions: 0.1<|ne?no|, and ?max<?. no and ne represent refractive indices for ordinary and extraordinary rays at a wavelength of 530 nm, ? represents an angle between the direction of an optic axis of the optical element and a normal to an incident surface of the optical element, and ?max represents an angle between the direction of the optic axis and the normal to the incident surface at which the angle of separation is maximized when the light that enters the incident surface of the optical element at the normal angle is separated into the light rays.

Abstract: An optical low pass filter or blur filter, and method of making the filters, using an article having a birefringent surface for refracting incoming light when used with an image sensor. The birefringent surface of the article, such as a film, is structured or tilted such that, when the blur filter is placed within an optical path between a lens and the image sensor, the birefringent surface causes refraction of a light signal in the optical path into multiple light signals each being incident upon different sub-pixels within the pixels in the image sensor to prevent or reduce artifacts, such as undesirable color moiré effects, in the resulting digital image. The structures on the surface have a variable pitch or angles. The variable pitch can include a periodic, aperiodic, or quasi-aperiodic pitch, to reduce diffractive artifacts in the resulting image.

Abstract: There is provided an optical low pass filter, which is provided with a first birefringence plate that divides an incident ray into two rays, a second birefringence plate that divides an incident ray into two rays, and a third birefringence plate that divides an incident ray into two rays. The first birefringence plate, the second birefringence plate and the third birefringence plate are cemented to each other, light passed through the first birefringence plate passing through the second birefringence plate and then passing through the third birefringence plate. Further, a separation angle ?s, representing a difference between separation directions in which adjacent ones of the first, second and third birefringence plates divide their respective incident rays, satisfies a condition 46°??s?60°.

Abstract: The invention provides an optical filter comprising:

Abstract: An optical low-pass filter for a solid-state image sensor of an offset sampling structure is constituted of first and second optical members. The first optical member splits an incident light ray into a rectilinear ray and a refracted ray whose propagation direction is about 45° to a horizontal direction of the solid-state image sensor. The second optical member splits an incident ray into a rectilinear ray and a refracted ray whose propagation direction is about 90° to the horizontal direction. The optical low-pass filter having this configuration splits the incident light ray into four rays whose split points are at respective corners of a parallelogram.

Abstract: In a color CCD (charge-coupled device) imaging device where chromatic filter components are formed on sensor units functioning as pixels, respectively, and small condenser lenses are provided on the respective chromatic filter components, it is so constructed that areas of the small condenser lenses are varied, depending upon film thickness of the respective chromatic filter components. Then, the sensitivity increasing rates for the respective pixels of the color CCD imaging device are uniformed.

Abstract: A video camera equipped with an optical low-pass filter, which is to be arranged in front of a solid state imaging device. The optical low-pass filter comprises: a first sub-refractive plate adapted to separate an incident ray of light by a separation distance of d.sub.1 in a direction deviated 45.degree. clockwise or counterclockwise with respect to the horizontal scanning direction of the solid state imaging device; a second sub-refractive plate adapted to separate an incident ray of light by a separation distance of d.sub.2 in a direction parallel to the horizontal scanning direction of the solid state imaging device; and a third sub-refractive plate adapted to separate an incident ray of light by a separation distance of d.sub.1 in a direction perpendicular to the direction of separation of the first sub-refractive plate; wherein the second sub-refractive plate is arranged between the first and third sub-refractive plates; and wherein the condition: d.sub.1 >2d.sub.2 is satisfied.

Abstract: The present invention is directed toward an image sensor array comprising a plurality of pixels. Each pixel includes a photodiode and a CCD channel region. An overflow drain region is provided adjacent the CCD channel region for extraction of excess charges. An insulated gate read-out transfer electrode is further provided above the CCD channel region and a portion of the substrate between the CCD channel region and the photodiode. Three different potentials are applied to the read-out transfer electrode for respectively storing charge in the photodiode, extracting excess charge from the photodiode while allowing signal charge to remain in the photodiode, and reading out signal charge from the photodiode.