Abstract: A video-signal-processing device configured to externally transmit at least one brightness signal and at least one color-difference signal is provided. A single frame of the color-difference signal is assigned to a plurality of frames of the brightness signal so that a first frame frequency of the color-difference signal is lower than a second frame frequency of the brightness signal, where the first frame frequency is 24 Hz or higher. The brightness signal and the color-difference signal are transmitted so that a first center value on a first time base generated by the single frame of the color-difference signal becomes closest to a second center value on a second time base generated by the plurality of frames of the brightness signal corresponding to the color-difference signal.

Abstract: An image processing circuit for processing a video signal includes: a separator for separating the video signal into a brightness signal and a color signal; a first filter coupled to the separator for filtering the color signal; and a second filter coupled to the separator for filtering the brightness signal.

Abstract: A method for adaptive selection of YC separation is provided. While a video decoder is re-sampling, a frequency of a re-sampling signal and a pixel rate of an output signal have a fixed relation, which is used to determine if a sampling frequency of the signal is deviated. And, accordingly, an appropriate Y/C separation is selected and then performed to obtain a better image quality.

Abstract: A unique method for chroma vertical upsampling used, for example, for conversion of the “4:2:0” format chroma information used in many applications of digital video, to the “4:2:2” or “4:4:4” format, is presented. This conversion is required so that video encoders can effect the display of this chroma information with a minimum of visible artifacts. The present invention carries out chroma vertical upsampling on a pixel by pixel basis. This chroma vertical upsampling is performed as a function of the amount of motion associated with each pixel as detected between 2 or more fields, and the field, frame and progressive sequence characteristics of the incoming video signal data.

Abstract: A false-color suppression method corrects a pixel value of a pixel in a target location of a target frame while de-interlacing video data. The video data includes consecutive first, second and third fields, and the target frame corresponds to the third field. The method records an interpolation type of a first pixel with respect to the target location of a previous frame corresponding to the second field, and corrects the pixel value of the pixel in the target location of the target frame using a pixel value of a reference pixel if the interpolation type of the first pixel is an inter-field interpolation.

Abstract: A method Abstract a histogram of HSV (Hue-Saturation-Value) colors from a color signal. The method includes receiving the color signal having a luminance component (Y) and chrominance components (CbCr). One section of a lookup table is selected according to the luminance component (Y) of the received color signal. The lookup table is divided into a plurality of sections each storing quantizing index values. Each section is divided by concentric circles corresponding to quantizing boundaries of the Saturation from a center, and divided by radial lines. Corresponding quantizing index values are selected according to the chrominance components (CbCr) of the received color signal in the selected section. The histogram index of the HSV colors is abstracted with reference to the selected section and the quantizing index values selected in the selected section.

Abstract: A method for removing MPEG-2 chroma upconversion artifacts in a video stream includes detecting a presence of artifacts in an incorrectly upsampled MPEG-2 video stream and removing the presence of artifacts resulting in an artifact free video stream.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to suppress a high impedance state of scan lines in a case where the scan lines are driven by using a demultiplexer. A logic AND circuit 34 outputs signals resulting from logical product of block selection signals Y-1, Y-2, and Y-3, . . . , and Y-80 and a signal Enb as address signals Ad-1, Ad-2, and Ad-3, . . . , and Ad-80. A demultiplexer 40 distributes address signals Ad-1, Ad-2, Ad-3, . . . , and Ad-80 to scan lines 112 in accordance with selection signals Sel-1, Sel-2, and Sel-3. Drains of TFTs 140 are connected to the scan lines 112. The TFTs 140 are controlled to be turned on/off, for example, by using a signal Sel-all that is a logically inverted signal of the signal Enb, and when the TFTs are turned on, level L is determined.

Abstract: A method and related apparatus for restraining erroneous image colors are provided for correcting pixel values of three sequential image fields of a video data while de-interlacing the video data. The method is utilized to correct the video data by detecting whether penetrations from luminance signals into chrominance signals or penetrations from chrominance signals into luminance signals occur in the video data. In embodiments of the present invention, the pixel chrominance signals of image fields with the same polarity are utilized to correct the pixel chrominance signals of another image field. Pattern matching and edge detection are utilized to determine whether penetrations from chrominance signals into luminance signals occur.

Abstract: A method for producing an extended color gamut luminance-chrominance digital image from a captured digital image includes determining an estimate of the colors of the captured digital image of an original scene and further processing to produce an extended range output RGB image value including values outside the range that can be displayed on the output image display device, and producing an extended color gamut luminance-chrominance digital image by transforming the extended range output RGB image values to a luminance-chrominance representation.

Abstract: Device and method for converting a format of a video signal in a digital TV receiver is provided. Format conversion can be carried out at one chip of a format converting device, inclusive of conversion of resolution, frame rate, scanning method, aspect ratio, color space, chroma format, and gamma correction. Therefore, the digital TV receiver is made to convert a wide range of video signals inclusive of, not only a digital TV broadcasting signal, but also analog TV broadcasting signal, and computer video signal, at one chip of system block. Moreover, the digital TV receiver is made to provide a variety of standards of format converted video signals, not only to the connected display, but also to other general video signal processing devices.

Abstract: This invention corrects chrominance misalignment that occurs during chrominance down-sampling and up-sampling. The invention extracts a binary index from the corresponding luminance signal. The binary index enables generation of a filter window. On down-sampling the filter window is applied to a block of source chrominance pixels which are filtered or not based upon the binary index. On up-sampling the binary index of the filter window for the target chrominance pixels determines which are filtered or not.

Abstract: A video input processor is provided to process different input video format, including RGB, RGB Bayer, YUV 4:2:2 interlaced and progressive video data. The video input processor also uses an advanced algorithm to efficiently convert video data in RGB color space to YUV color space. The video input processor further enables multi-functions such as video image scaling, video image filtering before the video data are output for further video compression.

Abstract: An adaptive intra-field algorithm to de-interlace video data uses two line memories to implement a median filter that can use multiple data points on adjacent lines of display. In a median-mode, the filter outputs the median of the input data to create the value for a location on the intermediate line and can decrease image blurring. But if examination of the two adjacent pixels on two adjacent scan lines is small, as in the case of a vertical image line, the filter operates as a line average filter, to avoid creating image artifacts.

Abstract: Aspects of the invention for converting interlace formatted video to progressive scan video, may include a color edge detector block (306) adapted to determined edges in interlaced formatted video. A threshold and gain processor block (308) coupled to the color edge detector block (306) may be adapted to quantify a likelihood of motion for each pixel comprising at least a portion of the interlaced scanned video using a motion value. A binder block (310) coupled to the threshold and gain processor block (308) may be configured to combine the motion value for each component of a luminance and chrominance of each of the pixels. A resampler block (314) may be coupled to the binder to determine an actual pixel value. The resampler block (314) may include at least one of a vertical and a horizontal filter adapted to determine an actual value of each of the pixels in at least a portion of the interlaced scanned video.

Abstract: A method (300) of converting interlaced Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) video signals to progressive video signals can include receiving an interlaced video signal representing a luma component specifying luma lines and a chroma component specifying chroma lines (310) wherein the chroma component can specify approximately one-half the number of lines of the luma component. The interlaced video signal can be decoded and the number of the chroma lines can be increased to approximately the same as the number of the luma lines (320). The number of chroma lines of the interlaced video signal then can be decreased (340), to substantially reverse the previous increase. The interlaced video signal then can be deinterlaced to produce a progressive video signal (350), which can be processed further (360) as needed.

Abstract: An amorphous silicon film is laser irradiated a plural number of times to make the film composed of a plurality of crystal grains while suppressing the formation of protrusions at the boundaries of the adjoining grains to realize a polycrystalline silicon thin film transistor having at least partly therein the clusters of grains, or the aggregates of at least two crystal grains, with preferred orientation in the plane (111), and having high electron mobility of 200 cm2/Vs or above.

Abstract: This invention corrects chrominance misalignment that occurs during chrominance down-sampling and up-sampling. The invention extracts a binary index from the corresponding luminance signal. The binary index enables generation of a filter window. On down-sampling the filter window is applied to a block of source chrominance pixels which are filtered or not based upon the binary index. On up-sampling the binary index of the filter window for the target chrominance pixels determines which are filtered or not.

Abstract: A method of producing digital data, which comprises the steps of making first arrangements for 12-bit word digital data constituting a digital video signal, which include a frame rate of 24 Hz, 25 Hz, 30 Hz, 50 Hz or 60 Hz, 1125 lines per frame, 1080 active lines per frame, a sampling frequency of 74.25 MHz or 148.5 MHz and 1920 or 1280 active data samples per line, making second arrangements for the 12-bit word digital data, in which 12-bit codes each containing an upper 8-bit portion representing 00h or FFh (h indicates a hexadecimal number) are predetermined to be forbidden code for each active line, and forming the 12-bit word digital data constituting the digital video signal in accordance with the first and second arrangements.

Abstract: A DD converter circuit 109 for interpolating a digital video signal which is locked to a 14.3-MHz burst clock to convert the sampling data so as to be locked to a 13.5-NHz free-run clock, and a frame memory circuit 110 for writing a digital video signal which is output by the DD converter circuit 109 on the 14.3-MHz burst clock as well as reading the written digital video signal on a 13.5-MHz clock S112 are included. Therefore, a video signal processor which can realize the rate conversion of the digital video signal without using an analog PLL circuit can be provided.

Abstract: A method and apparatus compresses digital information based on an interpolation function such as used by a graphic engine scaler. Luma error information is determined based on the interpolation function and original luma data. A luma error quantizer quantizes the luma error information to determine a quantized error value on a per pixel basis. The quantized luma error value is compressed as part of compressed video information. In addition, chroma information is also compressed and combined with the compressed luma and compressed error information. The video compression method and apparatus stores compressed digital luma information, compressed digital chroma information, and compressed quantized error information (values) as the compressed video information on a per frame basis.

Abstract: In double tapered rollers of a thrust scroll bearing, a structure free from generation of edge load at both ends of a section straight line on conical or tapered surfaces, and appropriate in contact stress with the bearing race is presented. To be used as a rolling element of thrust bearing interposed between positions making relative scroll motions, it is a conical body having a pair of conical surfaces (Ra, Rb) matched coaxially and coupled at bottoms mutually, and the entire surface of the conical surfaces (Ra, Rb) is processed by crowning. As a result, edge load is not generated at both ends of the section straight line of the conical surfaces (Ra, Rb), and the maximum contact stress at the apex side is held at a low value within an allowable range.

Abstract: An adaptive intra-field algorithm to de-interlace video data uses two line memories to implement a median filter that can use multiple data points on adjacent lines of display. In a median-mode, the filter outputs the median of the input data to create the value for a location on the intermediate line and can decrease image blurring. But if examination of the two adjacent pixels on two adjacent scan lines is small, as in the case of a vertical image line, the filter operates as a line average filter, to avoid creating image artifacts.

Abstract: A method and a system employing the method is disclosed for detecting and qualifying a portion of a digital image stored in a computer-readable memory with respect to a reference digital image. The method and system accesses video memory of a video controller device, retrieves a portion of the rasterized image, and compares the portion of the image on a pixel-by-pixel basis for approximate match to the reference image. Because graphics accelerators in video controller devices render inexact graphic images which are nonetheless visually acceptable, the method and system further employs a step of comparison for a match on a pixel region basis.

Abstract: An imaging system includes an imager outputting an analog green signal, an analog blue signal, and an analog red signal in a predetermined progressive-scanning format. The analog green, blue, and red signals are converted into parallel-form digital green, blue, and red signals, respectively. A set of the parallel-form digital green, blue, and red signals is converted into a set of a parallel-form digital luminance signal, a first parallel-form digital color-difference signal, and a second parallel-form digital color-difference signal. A signal divider separates the parallel-form digital luminance signal into a first sub parallel-form digital luminance signal and a second sub parallel-form digital luminance signal. The first and second sub parallel-form digital luminance signals are converted into a serial-form digital luminance signal. The first and second parallel-form digital color-difference signals are converted into a serial-form digital color-difference signal.

Abstract: An on-screen display processor for a digital video signal processing system is disclosed. The OSD processor includes logic for converting a graphics bitmap in 4:4:4 format to graphics image words in 4:2:2 format for blending with video image words in a blend multiplexer of the digital video decode system. The OSD processor provides the graphics image words with blended chrominance values each obtained by merging chrominance values of at least two adjacent picture elements of the graphics bitmap. The merging includes mathematically combining U chrominance values of the at least two adjacent picture elements to produce a blended U chrominance and mathematically combining the V chrominance values of the at least two picture elements to obtain a blended V chrominance. In one embodiment, the mathematically combining comprises averaging the U chrominance values to obtain the blended U chrominance and averaging the V chrominance values to obtain the blended V chrominance.

Abstract: In analogue television systems, it is known to compensate for the receiver-end luminance defects which are caused by transmitter-end low-pass filtering of the gamma-predistorted chrominance signals, with the aid of transmitter-end correction signals. This method for luminance correction can also be used in connection with modern picture coding methods such as e.g. MPEG. To that end, the chrominance is encoded and decoded again in the encoder. A correction signal is derived from the decoded chrominance signal and is used during the encoding of the luminance. The macroblocks which are motion-compensated for prediction are based on the correspondingly decoded chrominance signal and on the decoded, corrected luminance signal.

Abstract: A multimode scan converter includes a delay element (33) for delaying one horizontal line of video signal and selectively re-displaying that line. A multiplexer (30) is arranged to selectively provide either luminance signal or chrominance signal to the delay element. Output signal from the delay element and output signal from the multiplexer are coupled to a proportioning circuit (34) which sums the two signals in complementary proportions (e.g. K and 1-K). A second multiplexer (35), which provides up-converted output luminance signal, is arranged to selectively pass the luminance signal or signal from the proportioning circuit. A third multiplexer (36), which provides up-converted output chrominance signal, is arranged to selectively pass the chrominance signal or signal from the proportioning circuit.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus has a data conversion unit which converts RGB image data of a document to luminance component and chromaticity component, an optimization process unit which converts the distribution state of the luminance component data and chromaticity component data so as to achieve a distribution from a minimum value to a maximum value of the data within a color space, an encoding process unit which encodes data of each pixel as code data obtained by quantization at a gradient level less than the data within a range of gradient distribution based on mean value information, a memory which stores mean value information, gradient range exponent, and code data of each block obtained by the encoding process in the encoding unit, a decoding process unit which decodes code data in block units based on the mean value information and gradient range exponent stored in the memory, and reverse optimization process unit which returns the distribution state of data of the luminance component and chromatict

Abstract: A video signal format converting apparatus is provided for doubling a horizontal/vertical frequency, and converting the composition ratio of a luminance signal and color-difference signals, by which both horizontal/vertical frequency-converted and frequency-unconverted input signals can be processed. In this apparatus, external input signals not yet scan frequency-doubled and those scan frequency-doubled are controlled to be all processed. Thus, various input signals can be processed, and an external input signal not yet scan frequency-doubled can be processed even without installing a special scan conversion device.

Abstract: In a color signal generating circuit, color signals are generated based on an image signal of an odd field of an interlace scanning and the color signals are stored. A luminance signal generating circuit generates a luminance signal based on the image signal of an odd field. An arithmetic circuit generates an interpolation luminance signal based on the color signals previously stored in the color signal generating circuit. A color difference generating circuit generates a color difference signal based on the color signals previously stored in the color generating circuit. Arranged as such, the color signal generating circuit avoids reduced vertical resolution and deviations in the displayed image when progressively scanning image information is generated from interlace scanning image information.

Abstract: A method for generating interlaced video signals representative of color images of a scene includes the following steps: deriving a progressively scanned luminance signal representative of the scene at a first frame rate; deriving interlaced scanned color component signals and a color-derived luminance component representative of the scene; high pass filtering and scan converting the luminance signal to obtain an interlaced detail luminance component; low pass filtering the interlaced color component signals and color-derived luminance component to obtain interlaced chrominance output signals and an interlaced low pass luminance component; and combining the detail luminance component and the low pass luminance component to obtain an interlaced luminance output signal.

Abstract: A picture signal includes a luminance signal and a color signal. A first predetermined number of sample points of the luminance signal are located on every actual scanning line. A second predetermined number of sample points of the color signal are located on every actual scanning line. The second predetermined number is equal to the first predetermined number multiplied by “1/n”, where “n” denotes a predetermined integer equal to or greater than 2. Virtual scanning lines are set which correspond to respective pairs each having two successive actual scanning lines. Sample points of the color signal are moved from each pair of two successive actual scanning lines to a corresponding virtual scanning line while being rearranged thereon so that the picture signal is converted. The total number of sample points of the color signal per virtual scanning line is equal to the first predetermined number multiplied by “2/n”.

Abstract: A system processes an image containing a first line and a second line, where the first and second lines includes a plurality of pixels, to generate an interpolated line. The system selects a first and second set of pixels from the lines and generates a first set and second set of filtered values. The system identifies in the first line an edge location in the first set of the filtered values by a first filtered value of the first set of filtered values being at least one of less than and equal to a first predetermined value and a second filtered value of the fist set of the filtered values being at least one of greater than and equal to the first predetermined value.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for changing the number of scan lines in a frame of video data to produce an image represented by the video data that corresponds to a desired aspect ratio. The apparatus includes a pair of finite impulse response filters for processing the decoded chrominance and luminance pixel values stored in memory. The filters permit a plurality of scan lines of chrominance and luminance data to be read and filtered on a continuous basis with any scan line of data being read only once. Thus, the filters provide a very efficient method of providing a frame of a number of output scan lines of chrominance and luminance pixel values that are different from the number of scan lines of chrominance and luminance pixel values in a frame of video data stored in memory.

Abstract: Method and apparatus are disclosed for receiving an interlaced color video signal, and processing the signal to produce a progressively scanned video signal. An embodiment of the method of the invention includes the following steps: scan converting, by field combining and high pass filtering, the luminance component of the received signal, to obtain a progressively scanned high pass luminance component; deriving, from the luminance component of the received signal, a low pass luminance component; scan converting, by line rate conversion, to progressively scanned format, the chrominance components of the received signal and the low pass luminance component; and combining the progressively scanned low and high pass luminance components.

Abstract: An ADRC circuit 3 generates spatial classes with SD data extracted by an area extracting circuit 2. A moving class determining circuit 5 generates a moving class with SD data extracted by an area extracting circuit 4. A class code generating circuit 6 generates a class code with the spatial class and the moving class. A tap decreasing ROM 7 supplies additional code data for each class code to a tap decreasing code 10. The additional code data is used to decrease taps of SD data. The tap decreasing circuit 10 decreases the SD data extracted by an area extracting circuit 9. A prediction calculating circuit 11 receives coefficient data corresponding to the class code from a ROM table 8 and obtains HD data with the decreased SD data corresponding to a linear prediction equation.

Abstract: A process for converting interlaced frames into progressive frames comprising a change of frame frequency by interpolation and motion compensation, wherein when a motion vector associated with a pixel to be interpolated is non-zero or when the motion vector is zero but the confidence accorded to this vector is less than a given threshold, the interpolation of the pixel of a frame situated temporally between two input frames is carried out by a median filtering pertaining to the values obtained by a first motion compensated linear temporal filter, a second motion compensated linear filter, and a motion compensated median temporal filter.

Abstract: In analog color television transmission methods, the transmitted CVBS signal comprises luminance and chrominance signals which have to be separated from one another in a television receiver in order to permit separate further processing. Comb filters can be used for this, a picture contents-dependent controller frequently being worked with which switches over between different filter algorithms, that is to say different line combinations, as a function of the respective chrominance signals. In the case of conventional comb signals, the CVBS signal is split into the luminance signal and a chrominance signal which is still to be demodulated into the two color difference signals. In this case, the identification of color edges, in particular, is not always carried out in a manner free from errors. This can lead to only incomplete separation of the luminance and chrominance signals, so that cross effects cannot fully be avoided.

Abstract: In a video processing system (14), a method of detecting and compensating for motion of an image which includes the steps of: detecting a first pixel value, a second pixel value, and a third pixel value, the first pixel value of a first scan line in a first field, the second pixel value of a second scan line in the first field, and the third pixel value in a second field; providing a motion indicator based on the first, second, and third pixel values; selecting a plurality of interpolation coefficients from a memory based on the motion indicator signal; and providing an interpolated color space pixel based on a first color space pixel associated with the first pixel value, a second color space pixel associated with the second pixel value, and based on the plurality of interpolation coefficients.

Abstract: A digital-to-analog video encoder method and apparatus having unique equalization are disclosed. The encoder converts digital video signals into one or more analog video formats using one or more digital-to-analog converters. Equalization is provided to compensate for zero order hold effects of the digital-to-analog converters. Equalization is provided to a luminance signal and/or a chroma signal to equalize RGB, composite video, and super VHS video outputs. Multiplexed digital-to-analog converter inputs allow selection of several output formats.

Abstract: A picture storage device conveniently employed in conjunction with an electronic still camera or a video camera has an input data converting unit for separating luminance signals of input color picture data having a non-interlaced data format with the sampling rate of the luminance signals and two-route color signals of 4:2:0 into a data string of even-numbered pixels and a data string of odd-numbered pixels, separating the two-route color signals of the color picture data into a data string of the former half pixels and a data string of the latter half pixels, and distributing and re-arraying the separated data, a storage unit having a storage capacity of at least one frame and adapted for storing data in a data re-arraying sequence by the input converting unit, a display data converting unit for converting the data stored in the storage unit into picture-displaying data, and a controller for controlling the input converting unit into synchronization with data writing in the storage unit.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for generating a high-resolution, real-time, digital video signal from an analog composite video signal such as an NTSC, PAL, or SECAM signal. The analog video signal is digitized and consecutive fields in the signal are merged to produce a frame. Non-uniform interpolation is performed between adjacent scan lines in the frame to generate the high-resolution video signal.

Abstract: In order to reduce the number of field memories for a converting apparatus for non-interlaced scanning three field memories 53 to 55, a Y/C separator and a motion detector are arranged on the converting apparatus. Based on a luminance signal and a color signal which are generated by the Y/C separator, three luminance signals and color differential signals are generated for a sample (base) line and a complemented line. The three luminance signals and color differential signals are selected based on a detected result of the motion detector. When the selection is carried out, the luminance signal and the color difference signal for a motion pixel are set to the luminance signal and the color difference signal which are generated based on the newest image signal.

Abstract: The invention relates to pixel insertion on optical scanners. The invention increases the efficiency of video buffer in optical scanners and improves the speed of I/O device by locating the position of interpolation device in front of video buffer which is for temporarily storing image data and outputting the image data. Immediately after the video buffer is an input buffer which is for receiving the output of the video buffer. The input buffer provides an interface for video buffer and the interpolation device. The function of the interpolation device is for inserting pixels into the original pixels to increase the resolution of the image. When the host machine is requesting image data, an output buffer delivers the image data in the interpolation device to an I/O device for the host machine to read.

Abstract: An enhanced-video circuit for performing non-uniform interpolation of video scan lines is presented. The circuit includes a plurality of interpolation circuits, a memory for storing coefficients, and a control unit. The control unit is programmable to vary the scan line spacing of the output video signal.

Abstract: A chroma format conversion method that determines whether chroma format data to be converted is interlaced data or not. When the chroma format data is non-interlaced data the chroma format data is converted using a filter for non-interlaced. When the chroma format data is interlaced data it is determined whether the chroma format data is odd field data or even field data. When the chroma format data is odd field data the chroma format data is converted using a filter for odd field and when the chroma format data is even field data the chroma format data is converted using a filter for even field.

Abstract: A picture decoding apparatus has a memory for storing decoded picture data, three line buffers for temporarily storing picture data read from the memory, and a line buffer controller. Two of the three line buffers are selected sequentially and cyclically, and their operation modes are changed over to the writing mode, and decoded picture data read from the memory is stored sequentially in the two line buffers. The two line buffers are changed over from the writing mode to the reading mode sequentially and cyclically in the same order as that in which the two line buffers selected sequentially and cyclically were changed over to the writing mode, and data for one line is read sequentially from the two line buffers.

Abstract: Video components U and V are applied to an input of a multiplexer. An output signal of the multiplexer is clamped using a clamper that is common for each of the video signal components. An input of the multiplexer is located upstream of the clamper. The clamped signal is processed through an analog-to-digital converter and applied to a line memory for providing video line doubling.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for increasing scanning line numbers for TV video signal utilizing a three dimensional medial filter. The method and apparatus inhibit the picture quality from being deteriorated due to a vertical resolution decreasing, shimmering and step edge phenomenon and the like occurring at the intra-field interpolation system, inter-field interpolation system and motion adaptive interpolation system which are conventional scanning line number increasing systems that increase TV scanning line number.