Abstract: A method of driving a liquid crystal display in which frames having data values indicate the gray scale for liquid crystal in a display panel including the steps of determining a modulating data value for a first temperature interval within a temperature range, storing the modulating data as look-up table, sensing a temperature of a display panel, and modulating the input signal to the liquid crystal display based upon the sensed temperature.

Abstract: A method of forming a liquid crystal device, includes: contacting an aqueous solution comprising a surfactant and a receptor molecule with a top surface of a liquid crystal. The liquid crystal is in a holding compartment of a substrate, and the receptor molecule is adsorbed on the top surface of the liquid crystal forming an interface between the liquid crystal and the aqueous solution. The receptor molecule is different than the surfactant. A method of detecting a compound in a flowing stream includes passing an aqueous solution over a top surface of a liquid crystal in a holding compartment of a substrate. The method also includes determining whether a change in the orientation of the liquid crystal occurs as the aqueous solution is passed over the top surface of the liquid crystal. A change in the orientation of the liquid crystal indicates the presence of the compound in the flowing stream.

Abstract: The image display device includes a liquid crystal panel which has at least one optical sensor for outputting an electric signal resulting from light irradiation, pixel electrodes for driving a liquid crystal, switching elements for switching the pixel electrodes and a single transparent substrate on which the at least one optical sensor, the pixel electrodes and the switching elements are formed by laminating thin films.

Abstract: A phase plate having a reduced size and a reduced weight and having accurately parted regions while it has the same function as a conventional two-parted optical rotation plate and an optical data recording/reproducing device capable of stably recording and reproducing are presented. A phase plate P1 comprising a polymer liquid crystal film 2 held between transparent substrates i, 4, wherein the polymer liquid crystal film 2 is parted spatially in the region into which an incident light enters, so that the light transmitting the phase plate assumes a different state of polarization depending on an aligning direction of the molecules of the polymer liquid crystal film 2. The phase plate is located as a two-parted optical rotation plate in an optical data recording/reproducing device.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes an image display unit including a plurality of pixels having a first liquid crystal material, a temperature detecting unit for detecting an environmental temperature using a second liquid crystal material, and a temperature control unit for controlling a temperature of the layer of the first liquid crystal material based on temperature information from the temperature detecting unit.

Abstract: A display device using a novel semiconductor device, which includes a pixel matrix, an image sensor, and a peripheral circuit for driving those, that is, which has both a camera function and a display function, and is made intelligent, is provided and a method of manufacturing the same is also provided. One pixel includes a semiconductor device for display and a semiconductor for light reception, that is, one pixel includes semiconductor devices (insulated gate-type field effect semiconductor device) for controlling both display and light reception, so that the display device having a picture reading function is made miniaturized and compact.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display and a driving method thereof which enables stable operation at a low temperature. A liquid crystal display includes a panel with a first substrate on which a conductive black matrix is formed and a second substrate which faces the first substrate, and liquid crystal interposed between the substrates. The first and second substrates are assembled together using a sealant. The liquid crystal display further includes a temperature sensor for sensing a temperature of the panel and/or a temperature of its surroundings, and a power supply for controlling the temperature of the panel in response to the temperature sensed by the temperature sensor.

Abstract: A flat panel display having a black mask EMI layer isolated from Vcom and tied to zero potential. The flat panel display has a integral metal heater layer and thermal sensor that are in close proximity to the liquid crystals to provide efficient heating and temperature sensing.

Abstract: A method of forming a liquid crystal device, includes: contacting an aqueous solution comprising a surfactant and a receptor molecule with a top surface of a liquid crystal. The liquid crystal is in a holding compartment of a substrate, and the receptor molecule is adsorbed on the top surface of the liquid crystal forming an interface between the liquid crystal and the aqueous solution. The receptor molecule is different than the surfactant. A method of detecting a compound in a flowing stream includes passing an aqueous solution over a top surface of a liquid crystal in a holding compartment of a substrate. The method also includes determining whether a change in the orientation of the liquid crystal occurs as the aqueous solution is passed over the top surface of the liquid crystal. A change in the orientation of the liquid crystal indicates the presence of the compound in the flowing stream.

Abstract: A MEMS pixel sensor is provided with a thin-film mechanical device having a mechanical body, with a mechanical state responsive to a proximate environment. A thin-film electronic device converts the mechanical state into electrical signals. A pixel interface supplies power to the electronic device and transceives electrical signals. The sensor is able to operate dynamically, in real-time. For example, if the mechanical device undergoes a sequence of mechanical states at a corresponding plurality of times, the electronic device is able to supply a sequence of electrical signals to the pixel interface that are responsive to the sequence of mechanical states, at the plurality of times. Each MEMS pixel sensor may include a number of mechanical devices, and corresponding electronic devices, to provide redundancy or to measure a broadband response range.

Abstract: Color correction of Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) lighting in response to the color balance of ambient illumination. In response to the color balance of sensed ambient illumination, drive levels of light emitting diodes providing lighting to the LCD are changed.

Abstract: A photometric device of liquid crystal display and a liquid crystal display in which photometry can be performed without relying upon manpower and the liquid crystal plane is shielded only at the time of photometry. The photometric device comprises a liquid crystal display part, a bezel surrounding the four sides of the liquid crystal display, a shaft part provided at the corner part of the bezel and fixed rotatably thereto, a movable part having the end part thereof connected to the shaft part, and a sensor part provided in the liquid crystal display part at the other end part of the movable part.

Abstract: The subject of the invention is a liquid crystal indicator of voltage presence in electric conductors and equipment. The device is used to indicate the presence of an AC voltage, especially in medium and high voltage systems. The indicator according to the invention comprises two substrate layers on which conducting layers are deposited, and a terminal being an external electric output of the indicator is connected to the conducting layer. A structure containing liquid crystal is located between these layers. A fragment of each segment deposited on one substrate layer overlaps with at least one fragment of a segment deposited on the other substrate layer, and the overlapping fragments of the conducting segments from both substrate layers, together with a part of the intermediate liquid crystal layer, form liquid crystal elements of the indicator, which are electrically connected in series.

Abstract: There is provided an LCD (liquid crystal display device) having a function of temperature maintenance. The LCD includes: a liquid crystal panel having a common heating electrode and a temperature detection unit formed in a predetermined region of the liquid crystal panel, for detecting a temperature of the liquid crystal panel and controlling a current applied to the common heating electrode.

Abstract: A display device using a novel semiconductor device, which includes a pixel matrix, an image sensor, and a peripheral circuit for driving those, that is, which has both a camera function and a display function, and is made intelligent, is provided and a method of manufacturing the same is also provided. One pixel includes a semiconductor device for display and a semiconductor for light reception, that is, one pixel includes semiconductor devices (insulated gate-type field effect semiconductor device) for controlling both display and light reception, so that the display device having a picture reading function is made miniaturized and compact.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention restrain temperature rise in a light exiting-side polarizer included in a liquid crystal light valve without limiting the quantity of light incident on the liquid crystal light valve and a projector that has a liquid crystal light valve to modulate incident light in accordance with a provided image signal and that projects an image represented by modulated light exiting from the liquid crystal light valve. The projector has a black level adjusting unit to adjust black level of the image signal, a temperature-detecting unit to detect temperature of the light exiting-side polarizer, and a control unit to control operation of the black level-adjusting unit. The control unit is characterized by causing the black level-adjusting unit to adjust the black level of the image signal on the basis of the temperature detected by the temperature-detecting unit in order to restrain temperature rise in the light exiting-side polarizer.

Abstract: A device for detecting a compound in a sample includes a substrate and a self-assembled monolayer. The substrate includes a support with a metallized top surface, and the self-assembled monolayer includes an alkanethiol attached to the metallized top surface of the substrate and having a functional group that reversibly or irreversibly interacts with the compound. A liquid crystal is disposed on the self-assembled monolayer opposite the side of the self-assembled monolayer attached to the metallized top surface of the substrate. The liquid crystal includes a moiety that interacts with the functional group of the alkanethiol. When the compound is present in a sample that that contacts the self-assembled monolayer, the orientation of the liquid crystal is altered.

Abstract: A method of forming a display including three conductive layers is described. The display is driven by contacting a third conductive layer and a second conductive layer, wherein the second conductive layer transmits current to the first conductive layer, and an electric field is generated between the first and third conductive layers.

Abstract: A display device using a novel semiconductor device, which includes a pixel matrix, an image sensor, and a peripheral circuit for driving those, that is, which has both a camera function and a display function, and is made intelligent is provided and a method of manufacturing the same is also provided. One pixel includes a semiconductor device for display and a semiconductor for light reception, that is, one pixel includes semiconductor devices (insulated gate-type field effect semiconductor device) for controlling both display and light reception, so that the display device having a picture reading function is made miniaturized and compact.

Abstract: Drive switches 3b1 to 3bn selectively apply a constant current to any one of anode electrode lines 1A. Constant current sources 3a1 to 3an supply the constant current to anode electrode lines 1A, respectively, via drive switches 3b1 to 3bn. Scanning switches 2a1 to 2am selectively set any one of cathode electrode lines 1B to a ground potential and apply a reverse bias voltage to the other cathode electrode lines 1B. First temperature compensation means 5 is provided with the temperature detection means 5a for detecting an ambient temperature of organic EL devices E11 to Enm, and generates a first temperature compensation drive voltage VA obtained by changing a power supply voltage according to an output from the temperature detection means 5a and supplies the first temperature compensation drive voltage VA to the constant current sources 3a1 to 3an.

Abstract: Energy efficient transmissive and transreflective display devices are described. Ambient light from a natural or artificial source is used to replace and/or supplement light normally supplied by a backlight. This is done by directing ambient light to the rear of a transmissive display panel. A window, light tunnel, or a reflective surface located in the rear or top of a display device may be used to direct the ambient light to the back of the display panel. A translucent diffuser and/or diffuse reflector are used to diffuse the ambient light to reduce the chance of bright spots appearing on the display. Additional energy efficiency is achieved by using one or more photo-sensors to detect the amount of light, incident on the front and/or rear of a display panel and by automatically adjusting the backlight intensity as a function of photo-sensor output. In this manner, backlight intensity can be minimized while maintaining the viewability of images shown on the display.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for detecting an electrostatic charge on a flat panel imager pixel array. In one embodiment, the apparatus includes an insulator layer and a flat panel pixel array coupled to a bottom surface of the insulator layer. Each pixel of the pixel array has a storage capacitance, and an electrostatic charge corresponding to a voltage applied through an electrode coupled to a top surface of the insulating layer may be detected from each storage capacitance.

Abstract: A method of recording rewritable time related information on a label, includes the steps of providing an electrically rewritable label associated with an article which includes a plurality of rewritable segments, each such segment having a layer including a material which is effective in at least first and second optical states so that the time related information can be written, rewritten and viewed, wherein such time related information relates to usage or potential usage of the article or a device associated with the article and such time related information can be electrically changed by providing appropriate electrical fields to the material, and electrically addressing selected segments to write or rewrite appropriate time related information.

Abstract: An electromagnetic detector includes an insulating substrate, whereon a charge storage capacitor, a charge collection electrode connected to the charge storage capacitor, and a semiconductor film having electromagnetic conductivity are laminated in this order. The charge collection electrode has an uneven section composed of at least a concave or convex part, dedicated for use in reinforcing a bonding strength between the semiconductor film and the charge collection electrode. With this structure, a peeling of the semiconductor film can be prevented.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate, a second substrate opposing the first substrate, a liquid crystal layer provided in a gap between the first substrate and the second substrate, and a temperature adjustment member formed on the first substrate and/or the second substrate. The panel temperature T (° C.) of the liquid crystal display device is controlled to be equal to or greater than TNI-65 and less than or equal to TNI-15, where TNI (° C.) is the nematic-isotropic phase transition temperature of the liquid crystal composition of the liquid crystal layer.

Abstract: A display device using a novel semiconductor device, which includes a pixel matrix, an image sensor, and a peripheral circuit for driving those, that is, which has both a camera function and a display function, and is made intelligent, is provided and a method of manufacturing the same is also provided. One pixel includes a semiconductor device for display and a semiconductor for light reception, that is, one pixel includes semiconductor devices (insulated gate-type field effect semiconductor device) for controlling both display and light reception, so that the display device having a picture reading function is made miniaturized and compact.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display device including a liquid crystal display panel and a backlight, the present invention provides a detection-use pixel having the same constitution as respective pixels constituting a liquid crystal display part in the liquid crystal display panel and being formed on a region other than the liquid crystal display part, a light detector detecting light from the backlight through the detection-use pixel, and a controller adjusting the intensity of the light from the backlight in response to a signal from the light detector to adjust the change of the characteristics and chromaticity in the liquid crystal display panel properly.

Abstract: The quantity of light from a backlight is monitored by a first photodetector, and the environment on the part of a user is monitored by a second photodetector disposed in the rear of a liquid crystal panel, not on the front thereof. It is possible to exclude the influence of external light from the user side on the first photodetector which detects the quantity of light from the backlight.

Abstract: An orientation inspector for LCD cell is utilized to inspect the LCD cell. The LCD cell includes two transparent substrates wherein the first transparent substrate is slightly bigger than the second transparent substrate and a step is formed on the first transparent substrate along the two side edges thereof. The orientation inspector for LCD cell comprises a main body connected to a hoister which can lower the main body to a predetermined position to stop the step at side edge of the LCD cell; a sensor disposed in the main body for detecting the step at side edge of the LCD cell below the main body, wherein when the body stops the step at side edge of the LCD cell and the sensor detects the step on the first transparent substrate, the sensor will confirm that the LCD cell is at correct orientation, and when the main body stops the side edge of the LCD cell and the sensor can not detect the step on the first transparent substrate, the sensor will confirm that the LCD cell is not at correct orientation.

Abstract: A known display device consists of a sheet-like support which is covered with liquid thermocromic crystals. The crystals are tempered by individual power supply to individual heatable elements, which lie close to the crystals and are placed between the sheet-like support and the crystals. The crystals assume different shades of color dependent on the given temperature so that hereby the color of the crystals will form a certain pattern. In order to improve the possibilities to control the tempering of the individual crystals and also protect them from being effected by the ambient temperature and from mechanical damage, the crystals have an underlying arrangement which is controlled to cool down th crystals and/or keep the sheet-like support of the crystals at a certain temperature. This temperature is lower than the temperature, at which the crystals are colored. Further the crystals are covered by a coating of lacquer over the complete sheet-like support.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a handheld device is disclosed. The handheld device includes a housing, a display mounted within the housing, and a light sensor mounted within the housing to detect light beams through the display. In a further embodiment, the handheld device includes a plurality of keypads mounted on the housing, and an electro luminescent (EL) sheet. The EL sheet is mounted within the housing below the display and the keypads, and illuminates the display and keypads whenever the handheld device is in a dark environment. In yet another embodiment, the handheld device includes a thumbwheel. The EL sheet or an LED illuminates the thumbwheel whenever the handheld device is in a dark environment.

Abstract: A device that provides a display indicating an absence of power to an LCD is disclosed. The device includes a continuous polarizing filter layer disposed within a display area that makes up a portion of the total display area of the LCD. A layer of liquid crystals is disposed between alignment gratings and optically coupled to the continuous polarizing filter layer. A discontinuous polarizing filter layer is optically coupled to the layer of liquid crystals. The discontinuous polarizing filter layer has a plane of polarization aligned with the plane of polarization of the continuous polarizing filter, and the discontinuous polarizing filter layer comprises a contour within the display area conforming to an image, so that the image is displayed in the absence of an electric field and indicates an absence of power.

Abstract: An image pickup device and a portable telephone reduced in planar dimension and thickness are provided. The image pickup device includes a circuit board provided with an opening portion and having an interconnection pattern formed of interconnections and an interface region disposed therein, and an image pickup element placed on the circuit board and having a light receiving portion. The interconnection pattern is placed in an outer frame portion on the lateral side of the opening portion, together with land portions as terminals of the respective interconnections, and extends to reach the interface region. At least one of the interconnections is placed between the land portions and the opening portion.

Abstract: A touch panel is constructed of a top sheet member having a resistive membrane on its inner surface and a base sheet member having a resistive membrane on its inner surface, the top and base sheet members facing each other with dot spacers being located in between. The top sheet member is formed by laminating a bulge-resistant film, a polarizing plate, a quarter wavelength plate, and a light isotropic film in this order from above. The base sheet member is constructed of a glass sheet and a reinforcement film whose thermal linear expansion coefficient is almost the same as the thermal linear expansion coefficient of the polarizing plate or the quarter wavelength plate included in the top sheet member, the reinforcement film being adhered to the lower surface of the glass sheet.

Abstract: An LCD heater having independent closed loop control over heating for a plurality of zones on the display, wherein each zone has a relatively homogeneous heat dissipation or heat sinking properties and one of the zones is a central region of the display which is heated by an ITO film and has its temperature sensed, by a transparent sensor, at a central point within the viewable section of the LCD.

Abstract: The present invention provides a thin film transistor liquid crystal display (TFTLCD) including a liquid crystal layer having a first region and a second region therein, a liquid crystal controlling device for controlling an anti-dazzling effect produced by the first region, and a photoelectric converting device having a conductive layout constituted on the second region for converting a portion of light energy passing through the liquid crystal layer into electric power to recycle the electric power.

Abstract: A transparent conductive laminated body comprising a transparent dielectric substance thin film having two layers and furthermore a transparent conductive thin film being formed on one face of a transparent film substrate with thickness of 2 to 120 &mgr;m, and a transparent substrate being adhered on another face of the film substrate through a transparent pressure sensitive adhesive layer, wherein a relationship of n3<n1<=n2 <n4 is satisfied where a light index of refraction of the film substrate is defined as n1, a light indexes of refraction of the two layers of the dielectric substance thin films are defined as n2 and n3 from the film substrate side respectively, and a light index of refraction of the conductive thin film is defined as n4 is excellent in transparency and scratch-proof property of the conductive thin film, and, moreover, excellent also in flexibility. A touch panel using the transparent conductive laminated body concerned has an improved dotting property.

Abstract: The cover or keyboard of an electronic device or a portable mobile station is coated or mixed to include liquid crystals changing color with changes of temperature, or thermochromic liquid crystals (TLC). Thermochromic liquid crystals can be used to implement reversible or irreversible color changes on several different color change temperature ranges. The cover (C) changes its color when changing temperature forming patterns (A1) following heat gradients, in its TLC-comprising parts. The color change indicates both heat applied externally to the mobile station and the heating caused by the internal energy consumption of the mobile station.

Abstract: A projection display apparatus including an optical system having a lens for projecting a light emitted from a light source onto a screen and a cooler having an exhaust fan for cooling the light source is disclosed. The projection display apparatus includes a light receiver for receiving a light reflected from the screen, a first controller for controlling a quantity of the light emitted from the light source in accordance with an intensity of the light received by the light receiver, a heat sensor for sensing a heat given off from the light source, and a second controller for controlling a volume of air exhausted by the exhaust fan per unit time in accordance with a quantity of the heat sensed by the heat sensor.

Abstract: A display device using a novel semiconductor device, which includes a pixel matrix, an image sensor, and a peripheral circuit for driving those, that is, which has both a camera function and a display function, and is made intelligent, is provided and a method of manufacturing the same is also provided. One pixel includes a semiconductor device for display and a semiconductor for light reception, that is, one pixel includes semiconductor devices (insulated gate-type field effect semiconductor device) for controlling both display and light reception, so that the display device having a picture reading function is made miniaturized and compact.

Abstract: A coordinate input device is associated with a liquid crystal display to detect a touch or contact thereon. A transparent board is arranged on the screen of the display to provide a coordinate input surface having a substantially rectangular shape. At least one vibration detector (e.g., a microphone or piezoelectric element) is attached onto the board to detect vibration or sound that occurs when a position input member is brought into contact with the coordinate input surface at an arbitrary input position. The input position is represented as one-dimensional coordinate based on outputs of two vibration detectors, or it is represented as two-dimensional coordinates based on outputs of three vibration detectors. Thus, the manually designated input position is detected and is electronically displayed on the screen of the display. As the position input member, it is possible to use a pen, a fingernail, etc.

Abstract: An electromagnetic detector includes an insulating substrate, whereon a charge storage capacitor, a charge collection electrode connected to the charge storage capacitor, and a semiconductor film having electromagnetic conductivity are laminated in this order. The charge collection electrode has an uneven section composed of at least a concave or convex part, dedicated for use in reinforcing a bonding strength between the semiconductor film and the charge collection electrode. With this structure, a peeling of the semiconductor film can be prevented.

Abstract: The invention provides a position sensing device making use of electro-optic effects of a liquid crystal in which a liquid crystal display panel 1 is composed of a pair of glass substrates 2 opposed to each other at an interval with a spacer 3 interposed therebetween, and liquid crystal 4 enclosed between the glass substrates, and the glass substrates 2 each has an ITO membrane 5 deposited thereon to form liquid crystal drive electrodes to which a voltage controlled by a control circuit is applied and the height of waveform and width of a signal which changes the voltage is changed.

Abstract: Manufacture of a display device for a touch panel display, for example, an LCD (20) is simplified by attaching parts of the display panel, for example, a light-scattering film (27) and a polarizer (28) to a substrate (11) of the touch panel (10).

Abstract: Without housing a bare chip type liquid crystal driver within a package, to surely shield or absorb the light which reaches the liquid crystal driver so that erroneous display due to the photoelectric effect can be prevented. A light shielding tape 109 is affixed to the top surface of an upper panel 101 of a liquid crystal display panel 10 at an area which is opposite to the mounting area of a liquid crystal driver 107 mounted on the bottom surface of the upper panel 101. The light shielding tape 109 serves to shield the outer light incident on the liquid crystal driver 107. A diffusion sheet 40 composed of a light diffusing area 401 and a light absorbing area 402 located on the outer periphery thereof is arranged below the liquid display panel 10. The light diffusing area 401 serves to diffuse illumination light from a light source 202 to the liquid crystal display panel 10, and the light absorbing area 402 serves to absorb the extraneous light incident on the liquid crystal driver 107.

Abstract: A display device using a novel semiconductor device, which includes a pixel matrix, an image sensor, and a peripheral circuit for driving those, that is, which has both a camera function and a display function, and is made intelligent, is provided and a method of manufacturing the same is also provided. One pixel includes a semiconductor device for display and a semiconductor for light reception, that is, one pixel includes semiconductor devices (insulated gate-type field effect semiconductor device) for controlling both display and light reception, so that the display device having a picture reading function is made miniaturized and compact.

Abstract: A ferroelectric liquid crystal-based switchable half-wave plate with improved alignment control, a ferroelectric liquid crystal-based light valve system with improved contrast control, and a method of improving contrast in a ferroelectric liquid crystal-based light valve system. The switchable half-wave plate with improved alignment control includes a layer of ferroelectric liquid crystal material sandwiched between a first transparent electrode and a second transparent electrode. The switchable half-wave plate also includes an electric field direction switching circuit configured to switch the electric field across the liquid crystal material between the forward direction and the reverse direction in response to a control signal. The switchable half-wave plate additionally includes an electric field magnitude control circuit to adjust the tilt angle in response to a signal received at a alignment control signal input.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for detecting random electrostatic discharge events is disclosed in which the electrostatic discharge indicator is "Electric Paper". The "Electric Paper" has a plurality of spheres having one hemisphere of one color and the other hemisphere of another color. The spheres rotate when an electric field is applied to them and are sensitive enough to respond to electrostatic discharge events. The "Electric Paper" may be pre-imaged so that a pattern indicating the state of the paper is visually ascertainable.

Abstract: A photovoltaic module capable of being oriented by hand with respect to the sun, including an infinitely adjustable stand system for locating the module at its optimum orientation with respect to the sun and a multi-volt controller for regulating the power flow between the module and one or more powered devices.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for detecting electrostatic discharge events is disclosed in which the electrostatic discharge indicator is "Electric Paper". The "Electric Paper" has a plurality of spheres having one hemisphere of one color and the other hemisphere of another color. The spheres rotate when an electric field is applied to them and are sensitive enough to respond to electrostatic discharge events. The "Electric Paper" may be pre-imaged so that a pattern indicating the state of the paper is visually ascertainable.