Abstract: An electromagnetic pen with a front end having magnetic conductivity, comprising a pen housing, an inductance component, and a PCB board, the inductance component and the PCB board are arranged in the pen housing and the inductance component is electrically connected to the PCB board. The front end of the pen housing is provided with a front magnetic conductive shell, the front magnetic conductive shell is made of magnetic conductive material, wherein a coil is arranged in the front magnetic conductive shell, and the coil is electrically connected to the PCB board. A front end of a pen core protrudes from the front magnetic conductive shell, and the front magnetic conductive shell makes the distribution of the magnetic field lines closer to the pen tip, which can meet the magnetic conductivity conditions in electromagnetic induction and improve the characteristics of the magnetic field lines of the inclination angle.

Abstract: Various embodiments set forth liquid crystal (LC) patterning control systems in which LCs are aligned using locally applied magnetic fields. The index of refraction experienced by light propagating through an anisotropic LC is dependent on orientation. As a result, a phase difference may be imparted to an optical beam that is passed through, or reflected from, an array of LCs whose orientations are controlled via locally applied magnetic fields. In some embodiments, the locally applied magnetic fields may be generated by driving currents through wires that intersect at micro or nanomagnetic particles or at magnetic domains, or by applying voltages to micro or nanocoils wrapped around high-permeability cores, among other things.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a piezoelectric sensor using a piezoelectric polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film. As an embodiment, there is proposed a piezoelectric sensor including: a PVDF film; an electrode layer which is formed on the top surface of the PVDF film; a substrate which is provided with a first electrode electrically connected to the electrode layer and a second electrode disposed at a location spaced apart from the first electrode; a non-conductive layer which covers the electrode layer; a first shield film which is electrically connected to the second electrode while being attached to the non-conductive layer; and a second shield film which is attached to the top surface of the PVDF film, and is connected to the first shield film while surrounding a stack of the PVDF film to the non-conductive layer.

Abstract: An FFS (Fringe Field Switching) mode liquid crystal display (LCD) panel and a liquid crystal display device are provided. The FFS mode LCD panel includes a color film substrate including a first planar layer and an array substrate including a second planar layer. The inner surface of the first planar layer or the second planar layer, which is corresponding to non-overlapping regions, has a plurality of wedge structures thereon. The non-overlapping regions are regions located above the common electrode which is not overlapped with projective areas of the pixel electrode being projected on the common electrode.

Abstract: A silicon based terahertz full wave liquid crystal phase shifter is provided. The liquid crystal phase shifter has a first silicon conductive substrate, a second silicon conductive substrate, a plurality of pads, and a liquid crystal. The first and second silicon conductive substrates, instead of the quartz glass and transparent electrode, such as ITO, are used as substrates and to provide electrodes of the liquid crystal phase shifter. Thus, the effect of the liquid crystal phase modulation of the liquid crystal phase shifter in the THz range can be improved.

Abstract: Disclosed is a structure of a touch screen which is integrally implemented with a liquid crystal panel. In the structure, a touch sensor module is integrally implemented with the liquid crystal panel, a substrate of the liquid crystal panel is formed of two side strengthened glass, and the touch sensor module is integrally implemented on the two strengthened glass, thereby being capable of improving strength of the whole touch sensor module and simplifying a process.

Abstract: A drawing tablet device, utilizing a data capture device in connection with a pressure sensitive display, provides electronic information corresponding to images drawn on the pressure sensitive display to an external device. The drawing tablet includes a communication interface to couple the drawing tablet to the external device to transmit electronic information corresponding to images in real-time or as stored files.

Abstract: An information display 100 according to the present invention, comprising a housing 60 having an opening 65, a display member 10 accommodated within the housing 60, a translucent protective member 70 covering the opening 65 of the housing 60 and allowing a display provided by the display member 10 to be visible, and a magnet 80 disposed within the housing 60.

Abstract: High-resolution, scalable multi-touch sensing display systems and processes based on frustrated total internal reflection employ an optical waveguide that receives light, such as infrared light, that undergoes total internal reflection and an imaging sensor that detects light that escapes the optical waveguide caused by frustration of the total internal reflection due to contact by a user. The optical waveguide when fitted with a compliant surface overlay provides superior sensing performance, as well as other benefits and features. The systems and processes described provide true multi-touch (multi-input) and high-spatial and temporal resolution capability due to the continuous imaging of the frustrated total internal reflection that escapes the entire optical waveguide. Among other features and benefits, the systems and processes are scalable to large installations.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a touchable sensing matrix unit, a co-constructed active array substrate having the touchable sensing matrix unit and a display having the co-constructed active array substrate. The touchable sensing matrix unit is formed on the co-constructed active array substrate and has multiple first sensing and transmitting wires and multiple second sensing and transmitting wires. The first and second sensing and transmitting wires are conductive and cyclic, intersect to form an angle, and sandwich an insulation layer formed therebetween. The touchable sensing matrix unit has at least one set of wires of the co-constructed active array substrate and an improved design using the at least one set of wires.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device and a fabricating method thereof for driving the liquid crystal display device using a magnetic field are disclosed. In the device and method, a current is applied to a first electrode in a first direction, and a current is applied to a second electrode in a second direction. A liquid crystal layer is driven with a magnetic field induced by the currents from the first and second electrodes modulating a light.

Abstract: A display device includes a piezoelectric layer. First electrically conductive electrodes are disposed on both sides of the piezoelectric layer. A bistable liquid crystal layer is disposed adjacent the piezoelectric layer. Second electrically conductive electrodes are disposed on both sides of the liquid crystal layer. The liquid crystal layer can be addressed by electrically addressing the piezoelectric layer causing the piezoelectric layer to move into contact with the liquid crystal layer, changing the brightness of pixels of the liquid crystal layer.

Abstract: An electromagnetic source has an electrode structure coupled to a substrate. The electrode structure has interspaced electrodes, at least one of which is spiral-shaped. At least one electrical contact interconnects the electrodes of the electrode structure. The electrode structure is responsive to an applied electrical current to generate a spatially non-uniform magnetic field. This field can act on a LC layer such that optical properties of the layer are controllable.

Abstract: High-resolution, scalable multi-touch sensing display systems and processes based on frustrated total internal reflection employ an optical waveguide that receives light, such as infrared light, that undergoes total internal reflection and an imaging sensor that detects light that escapes the optical waveguide caused by frustration of the total internal reflection due to contact by a user. The optical waveguide when fitted with a compliant surface overlay provides superior sensing performance, as well as other benefits and features. The systems and processes described provide true multi-touch (multi-input) and high-spatial and temporal resolution capability due to the continuous imaging of the frustrated total internal reflection that escapes the entire optical waveguide. Among other features and benefits, the systems and processes are scalable to large installations.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device, having: a liquid crystal display medium that has a liquid crystal layer disposed between a pair of electrodes disposed facing with each other and that displays an image by reflecting or transmitting outside light according to the orientation of the liquid crystal layer; and an electrostatic actuator disposed at a side opposite to a display surface of the liquid crystal display medium, in which the liquid crystal display device displays an image by changing the orientation of the liquid crystal layer by application of a voltage to a specific area of the liquid crystal display medium through the pair of electrodes according to image data after the orientation of the liquid crystal layer is changed to the planar state by applying a stress to the liquid crystal display medium by the electrostatic actuator.

Abstract: Provided is a liquid crystal display device, in which a pretilt angle of liquid crystal molecules in a liquid crystal layer (21) is smaller than 2° and a first optically anisotropic layer (10) is formed between a first polarizing plate (12) and the first substrate (31). When a polar angle of the first optically anisotropic layer with respect to an in-plane vertical direction is denoted by ?, the first optically anisotropic layer compensates for a polarized state of light having a wavelength of 550 nm that enters the first optically anisotropic layer, the first optically anisotropic layer has a dichroic maximum value in a range of 430 nm or larger and 470 nm or smaller and has a dichroic maximum value in a range of 600 nm or larger and 650 nm or smaller when ??0 is satisfied.

Abstract: A driving circuit of an electrooptic device includes: a plurality of scanning lines; a plurality of data lines; first and second capacitor lines; a common electrode; pixels; a scanning-line driving circuit; a capacitor-line driving circuit; and a data-line driving circuit. The pixels each include: a pixel switching element; a pixel capacitor disposed between the pixel switching element and the common electrode; and a storage capacitor. When the one scanning line is selected, the capacitor-line driving circuit shifts the voltage of a first (or second) capacitor line corresponding to one scanning line to one of higher and lower levels from a predetermined voltage by a predetermined value, and holds the predetermined voltage after a scanning line apart from the one scanning line by a predetermined number of lines is selected until the one scanning line is selected again.

Abstract: An object-moving mechanism, which makes use of the flow of liquid crystal, is provided. A mechanism for causing a flow of liquid crystal comprising (i) a channel “L” defined by at least one wall surface “B,” (ii) liquid crystal “LC” which is put in the channel “L” and movable along said at least one wall surface “B”, and (iii) a means for turning the molecules “m” of the liquid crystal “LC” in a plane intersecting said at least one wall surface “B.” The mechanism makes use of the flow of the liquid crystal “LC” which is caused when the molecules “m” of the liquid crystal “LC” are turned. When the means for turning the molecules “m” of the liquid crystal “LC” turns the molecules “m” of the liquid crystal “LC” in a plane intersecting said at least one wall surface “B,” the liquid crystal “LC” flows along said at least one wall surface “B.” The flow of the liquid crystal “LC” can easily be utilized for making object-moving devices, sensors, actuators, etc.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a liquid crystal display. The liquid crystal display includes a display panel, a plurality of pixels formed on the display panel, a sensing unit disposed among the pixels and generating a sensor data signal based on a touch to the display panel, a plurality of image data lines connected to the pixels and transmitting image data signals, and a sensor data line connected to the sensing unit and transmitting the sensor data signal. The sensor data line is separated from an image data line adjacent thereto with respect to the pixel.

Abstract: A touch panel for use in an ultra-high resolution display includes a transparent film substrate having one surface made of PET or the like and a transparent electrode film made of ITO film or the like that is formed on the transparent film substrate. A surface of the film substrate opposite the surface on which the transparent electrode is formed has a coating layer including a filler. The filler has an average particle size of 0.1 ?m to 0.01 ?m, and the coating layer is formed to have a surface having arithmetic particle roughness (Ra) of 0.1 ?m to 0.01 ?m, whereby the Ra of the surface of the coating layer is formed to 1/2000th to 1/4000th of the pixel pitch of a display to which the touch panel is attached.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid crystal device driven by a linear coupling, such as ferroelectric and/or flexoelectric coupling, between an inhomogenous in-plane electric field generated by an electrode pattern over a first sub-volume of the bulk layer adjacent to said electrode pattern and liquid crystals in a polarized state comprised in said first sub-volume and/or in an optional alignment layer applied on said electrode pattern said polarization being stronger than any possible similar liquid crystal polarization of the bulk layer outside said first sub-volume, said alignment layer, and/or a second sub-volume of the bulk layer adjacent the inner surface of the other substrate, or an optional second alignment layer or an optional electrode pattern applied thereon.

Abstract: Cholesteric liquid crystal display (Ch-LCD) devices with actuating thin-film driving elements are presented. The Ch-LCD device includes a first substrate and an opposing second substrate. An actuating thin-film structure is disposed on the first substrate. A cholesteric liquid crystal layer is filled between the first substrate and the second substrate. A common electrode is disposed on the second substrate. In operation, the actuating thin-film structure is deformed to drive phase transition of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device, having: a liquid crystal display medium that has a liquid crystal layer disposed between a pair of electrodes disposed facing with each other and that displays an image by reflecting or transmitting outside light according to the orientation of the liquid crystal layer; and an electrostatic actuator disposed at a side opposite to a display surface of the liquid crystal display medium, in which the liquid crystal display device displays an image by changing the orientation of the liquid crystal layer by application of a voltage to a specific area of the liquid crystal display medium through the pair of electrodes according to image data after the orientation of the liquid crystal layer is changed to the planar state by applying a stress to the liquid crystal display medium by the electrostatic actuator.

Abstract: An electromagnetic source has an electrode structure coupled to a substrate. The electrode structure has interspaced electrodes, at least one of which is spiral-shaped. At least one electrical contact interconnects the electrodes of the electrode structure. The electrode structure is responsive to an applied electrical current to generate a spatially non-uniform magnetic field. This field can act on a LC layer such that optical properties of the layer are controllable.

Abstract: An exemplary input device includes a key. The key includes a first conductive film, a second conductive film, a light source, a photoelectric transformer, and a liquid crystal layer. The second conductive film is configured for cooperating with the first conductive film to generate a first electric field having a first predetermined intensity when the key is pressed. The light source is configured for emitting light. The photoelectric transformer is configured for generating a first electric signal when receiving the light from the light source. The liquid crystal layer is configured for transmitting the light to the photoelectric transformer under influence of the first electric field. A related electronic device is also provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides a tunable terahertz (THz) wavelength selector device, which includes a fixed phase retarder, a tunable phase retarder and a pair of linear polarizers to form a unit. The fixed phase retarder and tunable phase retarder basically utilizes liquid crystals to provide phase retardation, moreover, utilizing birefringence phenomenon possessed by liquid crystals can provide adequate phase retardation. The fixed phase retarder utilizes horizontal orientation of liquid crystal cell to provide fixed phase retardation, while the tunable phase retarder however utilizes homeotropic liquid crystal cell and a rotatable magnet to provide a tunable phase retardation, wherein the tunable phase retarder can provide the positive or negative phase retardation relative to the fixed phase retarder, based on the direction of the magnet's rotating axes and totally use the entire tunable range into adjusting frequencies which can pass through.

Abstract: The present invention provides a tunable terahertz (THz) wavelength selector device, which includes a fixed phase retarder, a tunable phase retarder and a pair of linear polarizers to form a unit. The fixed phase retarder and tunable phase retarder basically utilizes liquid crystals to provide phase retardation, moreover, utilizing birefringence phenomenon possessed by liquid crystals can provide adequate phase retardation. The fixed phase retarder utilizes horizontal orientation of liquid crystal cell to provide fixed phase retardation, while the tunable phase retarder however utilizes homeotropic liquid crystal cell and a rotatable magnet to provide a tunable phase retardation, wherein the tunable phase retarder can provide the positive or negative phase retardation relative to the fixed phase retarder, based on the direction of the magnet's rotating axes and totally use the entire tunable range into adjusting frequencies which can pass through.

Abstract: A method of managing a user database in a mobile terminal includes, when communication using an arbitrary telephone number registered in a phone book occurs, updating a communication time of the telephone number to the time when the communication is terminated; searching for the communication time by a display request of phone book information including the telephone number; calculating a time interval from a present time to the communication time and searching for a connection period to which the calculated time interval belongs among a plurality of connection periods having different predetermined time intervals; and displaying a communication time mark corresponding to the searched connection period among a plurality of communication time marks corresponding to the plurality of connection periods with the requested phone book information.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid crystal device driven by a linear coupling, such as ferroelectric and/or flexoelectric coupling, between an inhomogenous in-plane electric field generated by an electrode pattern over a first sub-volume of the bulk layer adjacent to said electrode pattern and liquid crystals in a polarized state comprised in said first sub-volume and/or in an optional alignment layer applied on said electrode pattern said polarization being stronger than any possible similar liquid crystal polarization of the bulk layer outside said first sub-volume, said alignment layer, and/or a second sub-volume of the bulk layer adjacent the inner surface of the other substrate, or an optional second alignment layer or an optional electrode pattern applied thereon.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display (LCD) exhibiting enhanced optical viewing performance. In a preferred embodiment, the LCD comprises a liquid crystal display panel, the liquid crystal display panel comprising a pair of transparent substrates, liquid crystal material sandwiched between the transparent substrates and transparent electrodes positioned between the liquid crystal material and the transparent substrates. The LCD also comprises a rear polarizer assembly comprising a compensation film, a polarizer mounted on the rear surface of the compensation film, and a first index-matched, pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) mounted on the front surface of the compensation film, the PSA being adhered to the rear surface of the LCD panel. The LCD also comprises a front polarizer assembly, the front polarizer assembly comprising a front polarizer, a compensation film mounted on the rear surface of the front polarizer and an index-matched PSA mounted on the front surface of the front polarizer.

Abstract: A fluorescent lamp for a backlight of a liquid crystal display device and a liquid crystal display device having the same are disclosed. The fluorescent lamp includes a red color phosphor having a maximum luminous wavelength of about 600 nm to 620 nm, a green color phosphor having a maximum luminous wavelength of about 520 nm to 555 nm and a blue color phosphor having a maximum luminous wavelength of about 440 nm to 460 nm. The green color phosphor has one maximum luminous peak or the side peak having about 20% or smaller relative size in comparison with the maximum luminous peak beside the maximum luminous peak. Therefore, by removing or minimizing the side luminous peak of the green color phosphor, the color reproductivity can greatly increase without decreasing the brightness of the white color.

Abstract: A bistable liquid crystal display device can be erased by the application of a mechanical pressure P at a section 20 of the display. The pressure induces a flow of the liquid crystal (5) material into an expansion chamber (22). The induced flow causes a transition from the non-reflecting to the reflecting state, thus eliminating the necessity of high voltage erasing voltages.

Abstract: There is provided a highly reliable screen input type display device using a touch panel which can facilitate the control of a gap formed between upper and lower substrates and can stabilize the linearity of the resistance value detection of a resistance film, whereby an erroneous detection of coordinated can be eliminated. For this purpose, a tape-like conductive pressure sensitive adhesive member, which is formed by sandwiching a metal foil with conductive pressure sensitive adhesive material, is used at a connection portion between an upper wiring electrode mounted on an upper resistance film formed on an upper substrate and an inter-substrate connection wiring electrode formed on a lower substrate.

Abstract: A control apparatus is provided which is imparted with a reliable waterproofness against liquid spilt thereon to prevent a short circuit accident and which matches various armrests of different colors in terms of color. At least a cabinet face plate 6 forming part of an operating section of a cabinet 1 is a light-transmitting plate which covers all the other components of the operating section entirely and tightly. An optical contact-detecting unit such as a reflection-type infrared photo-coupler 9 is located inside of the cabinet face plate 6 to detect an contacting operation through the cabinet face plate 6. A liquid crystal panel 2 may be disposed inside of the cabinet face plate 6 for displaying an operational indication.

Abstract: A touch panel is constructed of a top sheet member having a resistive membrane on its inner surface and a base sheet member having a resistive membrane on its inner surface, the top and base sheet members facing each other with dot spacers being located in between. The top sheet member is formed by laminating a bulge-resistant film, a polarizing plate, a quarter wavelength plate, and a light isotropic film in this order from above. The base sheet member is constructed of a glass sheet and a reinforcement film whose thermal linear expansion coefficient is almost the same as the thermal linear expansion coefficient of the polarizing plate or the quarter wavelength plate included in the top sheet member, the reinforcement film being adhered to the lower surface of the glass sheet.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal layer; a plurality of row signal lines for driving the liquid crystal layer; and a plurality of column signal lines for driving the liquid crystal layer, wherein an optical state of the liquid crystal layer is varied by a magnetic field produced by at least one signal line of one of the plurality of row signal lines and the plurality of column signal lines.

Abstract: A position sensing liquid crystal display includes a liquid crystal display panel having a first substrate and a second substrate bonded together, and a position sensing digitizer formed as an integral unit on a first or rear surface of at least one of the substrates, whereby minimizing a display panel thickness and allowing an accurate position sensing.

Abstract: A touchscreen (126) for assembly onto a liquid crystal display module (119) in a wireless communication device (103). The touchscreen is comprised of a front laminant pet film (127), a chemically strengthened glass panel (129), an optically clear acrylic adhesive (131) and a rear laminant pet film (133). The rear laminant pet film (133) greatly increases the strength and durability of the touchscreen (126) and eliminates the need for a protective lens over the display module of the wireless communication device (103).

Abstract: A new liquid crystalline light modulating cell and material are characterized by liquid crystalline light modulating material of liquid crystal and polymer, the liquid crystal being a chiral nematic liquid crystal having positive dielectric anisotropy and including chiral material in an amount effective to form focal conic and twisted planar textures, the polymer being distributed in phase separated domains in the liquid crystal cell in an amount that permits the liquid crystal to change textures upon the application of a field and ruggedizes the structure. In still another embodiment, the material exhibits stability at zero field in a colored, light reflecting state, a light scattering state and multiple stable reflecting state therebetween, as well as being optically clear in the presence of a field. In yet another embodiment, the application of mechanical force to the cell changes the material from an optically clear state to a light reflecting state.

Abstract: A liquid ink printer, depositing ink drops to form an image, including a pagewidth printbar, movable to print a complete image when defective nozzles of the printbar are identified. A positioning device, coupled to the pagewidth printbar, positions the printbar at a plurality of discrete locations, to move a functioning nozzle to the location in the image where the defective nozzle should deposit drops of ink. Defective nozzles are identified by the printer control mechanism and a user is given the option to fix the image through a user interface where the printer is directed to fill in the missing information of the image. Defective nozzles can also be identified by printing a test pattern which identifies to a user which of the nozzles are non-functioning. The user then inputs this information to the printer.

Abstract: An optical device employs a composite of a liquid crystalline substance and an orientation-sustaining material, such as a selected polymer, flat particles, or other material capable of sustaining the state of orientation of the liquid crystalline substance. The optical device has a memory function which is erased by the application of an electrical signal. External force for writing on the device generates local changes of the state of orientation of the liquid crystalline substance. The written display is memorized, and can be erased by the application of an electrical signal. When a two-frequency-driving liquid crystalline substance is used, the device has a long-term memory function. In this device, writing can be conducted at one frequency and erasure easily conducted at the other frequency. These optical devices can be used for light adjustment, display, and data storage.

Abstract: A color image is displayed by using a display panel with a color pattern layer which is formed on one side of a transparent substrate and has, for example, three separate sets of transparent pixel areas in red, green and blue colors which constitute a regularly repetitive pattern and a set of opaque band-like areas by which each pixel area is bordered. The display panel further comprises, usually on the opposite side of the substrate, either a thermal recording layer which exhibits reversible changes in transmittance with temperature or a magnetic recording layer which contains flaky particles of a ferromagnetic metal dispersed in a polymer and exhibits reversible changes in transmittance with orientations of the flaky particles.

Abstract: A coordinates input device includes: a liquid crystal sheet comprising a conductive layer, a transparent high electric resistant layer, a liquid crystal-dispersed polymer layer, and a transparent insulating layer, all of which are sequentially laminated on a board; and a tablet comprising a Y-axis coordinate resistant sheet, a pressure sensitive sheet, an electrode sheet, a pressure sensitive sheet, an X-axis coordinates resistant sheet, and a flexible film for protection, all of which are sequentially laminated on a base. The Y-axis coordinates resistant sheet and the X-axis coordinates resistant sheet are connected to a detecting circuit for detecting coordinates indicated by a coordinates indicator.

Abstract: A touch panel includes a display unit having display elements which are arranged in a first lattice, and an input panel, put on the display unit, having a structure in which transparent resistive films maintained at a predetermined distance by insulating dot spacers are provided on a transparent substrate, the insulating dot spacers being arranged in a second lattice, wherein a relative angle .THETA. between a direction in which the display elements are arranged in the first lattice and a direction in which the insulating dot spacers are arranged in the second lattice falls in a range of 15.degree..ltoreq..THETA..ltoreq.30.degree..

Abstract: A touch panel includes a display unit having display elements which are arranged in a first lattice, and an input panel, put on the display unit, having a structure in which transparent resistive films maintained at a predetermined distance by insulating dot spacers are provided on a transparent substrate, the insulating dot spacers being arranged in a second lattice, wherein a relative angle .theta. between a direction in which the display elements are arranged in the first lattice and a direction in which the insulating dot spacers are arranged in the second lattice falls in a range of 15.degree..ltoreq..theta..ltoreq.30.degree..

Abstract: In a method and arrangement for monitoring the functioning of an ink print head with individual droplet ejection supplied with ink from an ink tank, an enhancement of the function dependability with little outlay is achieved while still permitting a constant monitoring of the functioning of the ink print head with constant precision, regardless of the brightness of the recording medium. Actual ink flow from the ink tank to the ink print head is constantly quantitatively measured and compared to an intended ink flow value that corresponds to the printing commands. The printing mode is interrupted and a cleaning procedure initiated given deviation from a permitted value. The ink flow is also measured during the cleaning procedure and compared to anticipated, stored, empirically determined values. The cleaning procedure is interrupted and an error search initiated given deviations above predetermined thresholds. Otherwise, the printing mode is reassumed after the cleaning procedure.

Abstract: In order to generate dynamic images whose structure (spatial frequency) or chromaticity may be modulated or controlled by various low frequency signal sources, a rotary-dispersive, optical element (NC) which may be varied through outer influences and controlled as an analyzer and of a transparent object (OAM) arranged in the path of the rays betwen the polarizer and the analyzer. The object is designed as a polarization matrix or as one or several homogeneous, optically rotating substances.

Abstract: A touch panel includes a display unit having display elements which are arranged in a first lattice, and an input panel, put on the display unit, having a structure in which transparent resistive films maintained at a predetermined distance by insulating dot spacers are provided on a transparent substrate, the insulating dot spacers being arranged in a second lattice, wherein a relative angle .THETA. between a direction in which the display elements are arranged in the first lattice and a direction in which the insulating dot spacers are arranged in the second lattice falls in a range of 15.degree..ltoreq..THETA..ltoreq.30.degree..

Abstract: Closely packed small particles dispersed in a liquid crystalline phase, whereby the particles can be moved toward one another by external influence, constitute a liquid crystalline medium permitting the generation of bistable images without the requirement of matching the indices of refraction of the components.

Abstract: A touch panel includes a display unit having display elements which are arranged in a first lattice, and an input panel, put on the display unit, having a structure in which transparent resistive films maintained at a predetermined distance by insulating dot spacers are provided on a transparent substrate, the insulating dot spacers being arranged in a second lattice, wherein a relative angle .THETA. between a direction in which the display elements are arranged in the first lattice and a direction in which the insulating dot spacers are arranged in the second lattice falls in a range of 15.degree..ltoreq..THETA..ltoreq.30.degree..