Abstract: An optical imaging system includes a first lens system housed in a body of a mobile telecommunication device, the first lens system having a first optical axis, a first entrance pupil fixed in space in a reference plane associated with said body, and a first focal length; and an optical telescope providing a diffraction-limited imaging within a spectral range from at least 486 nm to at least 656 nm. The optical imaging system is configured to image, when the optical telescope is inserted between the first lens system and an entrance pupil of a visual system of an eye (EPE), the EPE onto the first entrance pupil and vice versa with a substantially unit magnification.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention include a method to determine a binocular alignment, the method comprising: measuring a disassociated phoria of a first eye and a second eye of a patient at an apparent distance; and determining an accommodative convergence of the first eye and the second eye at the apparent distance using the measured disassociated phoria. In other embodiments, a system to determine a binocular alignment comprises a stereo display, for a projection of images for a first eye and a second eye; an accommodation optics, to modify the projection of the images according to an apparent distance; an eye tracker, to track an orientation of the first eye and the second eye; and a computer, coupled to the stereo display, the accommodation optics and the eye tracker, to manage a determination of the binocular alignment.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for automatedly aligning a stand (12) for a microscope (14), wherein the stand (12) for the microscope (14) comprises controllable positioning means (16) for positioning the microscope (14) and controllable orienting means (18) for orienting the microscope (14). The method comprises defining a target point (24) to be observed by the microscope (14), wherein the target point (24) is located within a coordinate range accessible by the stand (12), stabilizing the microscope (14) at a user determined position in an automated manner by means of the controllable positioning means (16) of the stand, and adjusting an orientation of the microscope (14) at the user determined position to the target point (24) in an automated manner using the controllable orienting means (18) of the stand. The invention further relates to a stand, a microscope assembly (10), a control unit, a computer program and a computer-readable data storage.

Abstract: An ophthalmic camera system includes an eyepiece lens disposed in or on a housing. A flexible eyecup has a proximal opening end attached to the housing and surrounding the eyepiece lens and a distal opening end shaped to press against a face around an eye. An image sensor is adapted to acquire a retinal image of the eye through the eyepiece lens when the flexible eyecup is pressed against the face. A field source generates a field. A field sensing system senses the field. One of the field source or the field sensing system is disposed in or on the flexible eyecup and the other one is rigidly mounted to the housing. A controller is coupled to the field sensing system for tracking a relative position of the eyepiece lens relative to the field source to aid aligning the eyepiece lens to the eye.

Abstract: A retinal imaging system includes an image sensor for acquiring a retinal image and a dynamic illuminator for illuminating a retina to acquire the retinal image. The dynamic illuminator includes a center baffle along with first and second illumination arrays. The center baffle extends from and surrounds an aperture through which an image path for the retinal image passes before reaching the image sensor. The first illumination array extends out from first opposing sides of the aperture along a first linear axis. The second illumination array extends out from second opposing sides of the aperture along a second linear axis that is substantially orthogonal to the first linear axis.

Abstract: A method for processing multiple images according to various embodiments of the present invention may comprise the operations of: acquiring multiple images by using multiple cameras; extracting image information for each of the acquired multiple images; preprocessing the multiple images on the basis of the extracted image information, and generating parameters corresponding to the multiple images, respectively; selecting one or more images required according to a zoom magnification among the acquired multiple images; and applying parameters corresponding to the selected one or more images and performing image processing. Other embodiments are possible.

Abstract: An imaging system for an optical element, the imaging system comprising means for illuminating a targeted optical element with at least one incident light beam and means for directing at least two light beams returning from at least one surface of the illuminated optical element onto a detector; the detector adapted to measure relative light characteristics of the at least two returning light beams and to calculate at least one parameter of the optical element using the measured characteristics of the at least two returning light beams.

Abstract: Exemplary light control devices and methods provide a regional variation of visual information and sampling (“V-VIS”) of an ocular field of view that improves or stabilizes vision, ameliorates a visual symptom, reduces the rate of vision loss, or reduces the progression of an ophthalmic or neurologic condition, disease, injury or disorder. The V-VIS devices and methods generate a moving aperture effect anterior to a retina that samples and delivers to the retina environmental light from an ocular field of view at a sampling rate between 50 hertz and 50 kilohertz. Certain of these V-VIS devices and methods may be combined with augmented or virtual reality, vision measurement, vision monitoring, or other therapies including, but not limited to, pharmacological, gene, retinal replacement and stem cell therapies.

Abstract: A patient interface includes an eye interface device, a scanner, a first support assembly, and a beam source. The eye interface device is configured to interface with an eye of a patient. The scanner is configured to be coupled with the eye interface device and operable to scan an electromagnetic radiation beam in at least two dimensions in an eye interfaced with the eye interface device. The scanner and the eye interface device move in conjunction with movement of the eye. The first support assembly supports the scanner so as to accommodate relative movement between the scanner and the first support assembly parallel so as to accommodate movement of the eye. The beam source generates the electromagnetic radiation beam. The electromagnetic radiation beam propagates from the beam source to the scanner along an optical path having an optical path length that varies in response to movement of the eye.

Abstract: An image display apparatus includes: a light source part generating a plurality of light rays corresponding to respective pixels in an image that changes over time; a projecting part defining an optical path from the light source part to an eye, and forming the image on a retina of the eye by projecting the generated light rays directly on the retina through the optical path; a splitting part splitting a plurality of reflection light rays from positions in a certain site of the eye on the optical path, the positions corresponding to the respective pixels; a detecting part detecting intensities of the reflection light rays that have been split; and a processing part obtaining parameters indicative of conditions of the site at the positions corresponding to the respective pixels, based on intensities of the generated light rays and the intensities of the reflection light rays, for the respective pixels.

Abstract: En face or 3D volumetric OCT imaging during ophthalmic surgery may be performed with an OCT scanning controller that interfaces to an OCT scanner used with a surgical microscope. The OCT scanner may generate en face images before and after surgical operations, such as retinal membrane peeling, are performed. Using digital subtraction on the en face images, an overlay image indicative of the changes from the surgical operations to the eye may be generated and overlaid onto an optical image displayed to a user of the surgical microscope.

Abstract: A chromatic confocal sensor includes a light source portion that emits a plurality of light beams having different wavelengths; an objective lens that converges the plurality of light beams at different focal positions; an emission port from which measurement light reflected by an object to be measured at the focal positions out of the plurality of light beams is emitted; a position calculation portion that calculates a position of the object to be measured based on the emitted measurement light; an observation portion including an observation light source that emits observation light and an image sensor; and a beam splitter that emits at least a part of the measurement light that passes through the objective lens to the emission port and emits at least a part of the observation light that passes through the objective lens and is reflected by the object to be measured to the image sensor.

Abstract: A lighting device includes: a receiving circuit which obtains a first image including a subject; a memory which obtains depth information indicating a depth of the subject in the first image; an image processor which converts the first image obtained, into a second image in which the subject in the first image is represented by gradation of a single color, the gradation being different according to the depth indicated by the depth information; a light source; a light modulator which modulates light emitted from the light source, according to the second image; and a light emitter which emits the modulated light.

Abstract: An ophthalmologic apparatus of an embodiment includes a focusing indicator projector, a fundus imaging unit, a driver, and a focusing controller. The focusing indicator projector is configured to irradiate light fluxes for projecting a pair of focusing indicators onto a fundus of an eye. The fundus imaging unit is configured to capture an image of the fundus. The driver is configured to move an optical system including the focusing indicator projector, the fundus imaging unit, and a focusing lens. The focusing controller is configured to move the focusing lens based on projection images of the focusing indicators captured by the fundus imaging unit, wherein the projection images are captured along with movement of the optical system by the driver.

Abstract: A lens module comprises a first lens group, a second lens group and a third lens group, which are arranged from an eye fundus side to an image side in sequence. The first lens group has a positive effective focal length (EFL) and includes a first lens having two convex surfaces respectively facing the eye fundus side and the image side. The second lens group has a positive or negative EFL and includes a plurality of second lenses, wherein the second lens closest to the eye fundus side has a concave surface facing the eye fundus side. The third lens group has a positive EFL and includes a plurality of third lenses, wherein at least one third lens is a cemented lens. The abovementioned lens module decreases the volume of a lens module and reduces the ghosting effect. An eye fundus camera using the abovementioned lens module is also disclosed.

Abstract: Apparatus and techniques can include using one or more of a portable or fixed optical system to obtain images of a desired anatomical target, such as the fundus region of a human eye. The optical system can include one or more of a laser-based focusing target, a laser-based fixation target, or a removable or adjustable alignment assembly. Such an alignment assembly can provide or allow user alignment based on using anatomical landmarks other than the fundus being imaged. One or more of the apparatus or techniques can be implemented in an optical assembly included as a portion hand-held fundus camera, such as including or using a consumer or commercial digital camera to capture an image.

Abstract: A head-up display includes a display device, a CPU, and a projection optical system. The display device has pixels including a first-color subordinate pixel and a second-color subordinate pixel, and displays an image. The CPU controls display of the display device. The projection optical system has a refractive optical system, and projects the image displayed on display device on a viewpoint region of an observer. The CPU asymmetrically shifts, between the reference outer side image end and the reference inner side image end with reference to a center, a pixel of an image formed by the second-color subordinate pixel relative to an image formed by the first-color subordinate pixel.

Abstract: Ophthalmic lenses for correcting refractive error of an eye are disclosed. Ophthalmic lenses include a deformable inner portion and a deformable peripheral portion. When disposed over the optical region of an eye, the inner portion is configured so that engagement of the posterior surface against the eye deforms the posterior surface so that the posterior surface has a shape diverging form the refractive shape of the epithelium when viewing with the eye through the ophthalmic lens. The rigidity of the inner portion is greater than the rigidity of the peripheral portion and the ophthalmic lenses are configured to allow movement relative to the eye upon blinking of the eye and to be substantially centered on the optical region of the cornea following the blinking of the eye. Methods of correcting refractive errors of an eye such as astigmatism or spherical aberration using the ophthalmic lenses are also disclosed.

Abstract: In one example, a method for glare and shadow mitigation by fusing multiple frames includes illuminating the target with light from a first illumination direction and capturing a first frame of the target with a camera while the target is illuminated in the first illumination direction. The method also includes illuminating the target with light from a second illumination direction and capturing a second frame of the target with the camera while the target is illuminated in the second illumination direction. The first frame and second frame are fused together to form a composite image that simultaneously mitigates glare and shadow areas.

Abstract: A conformable covering comprises an outer portion with rigidity to resist movement on the cornea and an inner portion to contact the cornea and provide an environment for epithelial regeneration. The inner portion of the covering can be configured in many ways so as to conform at least partially to an ablated stromal surface so as to correct vision. The conformable inner portion may have at least some rigidity so as to smooth the epithelium such that the epithelium regenerates rapidly and is guided with the covering so as to form a smooth layer for vision. The inner portion may comprise an amount of rigidity within a range from about 1×10?4 Pa*m3 to about 5×10?4 Pa*m3 so as to deflect and conform at least partially to the ablated cornea and smooth an inner portion of the ablation with an amount of pressure when deflected.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein provide improved systems and methods for corneal pachymetry. These systems and methods can be used to improve the accuracy of corneal measurements that are used for a wide variety of different ophthalmic procedures. One embodiment provides a system and method for corneal pachymetry using a plenoptic detector. For example, a corneal pachymetry system can comprise a light source, a plenoptic detector and a processing system coupled to the plenoptic detector. The light source is configured to illuminate the cornea of the eye, and the plenoptic detector is positioned at an angle relative to the eye. The plenoptic detector is configured to receive an image of the light source reflected from the cornea and generate plenoptic image data representing the images. The processing system is coupled to the plenoptic detector and is configured to analyze the plenoptic image data to accurately determine the corneal thickness of the eye.

Abstract: A fundus photographing apparatus includes a measurement unit including an optical coherence tomography system for obtaining a tomographic image of the fundus of an examinee's eye by detecting an interference state between measurement light from the fundus of the examinee's eye and reference light, a detection unit for detecting an alignment state perceived as a relative positional relationship between the measurement unit and the examinee's eye, and a controller for adjusting the optical coherence tomography system with respect to the fundus of the examinee's eye based on a detection result from the detection unit. The adjustment of the optical coherence tomography system includes at least one of an optical path length adjustment, which adjusts an optical path length difference between the measurement light and the reference light, and a focus adjustment.

Abstract: An ophthalmoscope includes an illumination assembly having a light source disposed along an illumination axis and an imaging assembly configured for delivering an image to an imaging device. Each of the imaging and illumination assemblies are disposed in an instrument housing, the ophthalmoscope being configured for attachment to an electronic imaging device and in which the imaging assembly produces a field of view of about 40 degrees to permit more comprehensive eye examinations to be reliably conducted. In at least one version, a portable electronic device, such as a smart device, can be coupled to the instrument or configured to wirelessly receive images therefrom.

Abstract: A control apparatus includes an irradiation unit configured to irradiate a measurement object with a measuring beam, a restriction unit configured to restrict the measuring beam from being incident on the measurement object and to reflect or scatter the measuring beam, and a polarization control unit configured to control, based on the measuring beam reflected or scattered by the restriction unit, polarization of the measuring beam.

Abstract: An ophthalmologic apparatus includes an integration unit configured to integrate a light emission amount of a light source for illuminating a subject's eye, a comparison unit configured to compare an integration value by the integration unit with a first reference value, and an initialization unit configured to initialize the integration value if the integration value exceeds the first reference value as the comparison result by the comparison unit.

Abstract: A conformable covering comprises an outer portion with rigidity to resist movement on the cornea and an inner portion to contact the cornea and provide an environment for epithelial regeneration. The inner portion of the covering can be configured in many ways so as to conform at least partially to an ablated stromal surface so as to correct vision. The conformable inner portion may have at least some rigidity so as to smooth the epithelium such that the epithelium regenerates rapidly and is guided with the covering so as to form a smooth layer for vision. The inner portion may comprise an amount of rigidity within a range from about 1×10-4 Pa*m3 to about 5×10-4 Pa*m3 so as to deflect and conform at least partially to the ablated cornea and smooth an inner portion of the ablation with an amount of pressure when deflected.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for examining an eye, particularly a human eye, comprising: an optical unit that is designed to generate a current image of a current intermediate image, wherein the optical unit comprises an objective, an additional lens that is designed to be arranged in front of an eye along an optical axis of the optical unit in order to generate said current intermediate image of a posterior structure of said eye, and wherein said additional lens is designed to be movable relative to said optical unit so as to generate a sharp and particularly reflection-free current image of said posterior structure with help of said optical unit. According to the invention, the device comprises a first actuator means that is designed to move the additional lens and which is controlled depending on the current image. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for examining an eye.

Abstract: A method for detecting amyloid beta plaques and drusen is disclosed. The method for detecting amyloid beta plaques and drusen may include applying a combination of optical retro mode illumination techniques to acquire a plurality of amyloid beta plaques and drusen images that are too small to be seen with other imaging modalities. The amyloid beta plaques and drusen images may also be detected with a non-transitory computer storage media having instructions stored thereon which, when executed, execute the method for detecting amyloid beta plaques and drusen. The method may track changes in plaque, size, area and density of the amyloid beta plaques and drusen over a predetermined period of time.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relate to systems and methods for removing the fixation light reflection from an ophthalmic image. In one embodiment, an ophthalmic laser treatment system, having a digital imaging system for capturing images of a patient's eye and a visual fixation light source configured to produce a fixation light upon which the patient's eye can be focused, further includes a filter configured to remove from the image any light reflection caused by the visual fixation light source.

Abstract: Provided is an ophthalmologic imaging apparatus for analyzing a fundus image of an eye to be inspected, including: an acquiring unit for acquiring a plurality of autofluorescence images obtained by imaging the eye to be inspected at different times; a generation unit for generating a plurality of fluorescence brightness images obtained by adjusting brightness of the plurality of autofluorescence images; and a display control unit for controlling a display unit to display the plurality of autofluorescence images and the plurality of fluorescence brightness images side by side for each time when the eye to be inspected is imaged.

Abstract: A slit lamp mounted eye imaging, a slit lamp integrated, a handheld, OCT integrated, or attached to a separate chinrest-joystick assembly apparatus and method for producing a wide field and/or magnified views of the posterior or the anterior segments of an eye through an undilated or dilated pupil is disclosed. The apparatus images sections and focal planes and utilizes an illumination system that uses one or more LEDs, shifting optical elements, flipping masks, and/or aperture stops where the light can be delivered into the optical system on optical axis or off axis from center of optical system and return imaging path from the eye, creating artifacts in different locations on the eye image. Image processing is employed to detect and eliminate artifacts and masks from images. The apparatus can be used in combination with an OCT, microscope and can be disposed in a hand-held housing for hand-held use.

Abstract: A slit lamp mounted eye imaging a slit lamp integrated, a handheld, OCT integrated, or attached to a separate chinrest-joystick assembly apparatus for producing a wide field and/or magnified views of the posterior or the anterior segments of an eye through an undilated or dilated pupil. The apparatus images sections and focal planes and utilizes an illumination system that uses one or more LEDs, shifting optical elements, flipping masks, and/or aperture stops where the light can be delivered into the optical system on optical axis or off axis from center of optical system and return imaging path from the eye, creating artifacts in different locations on the eye image. Image processing is employed to detect and eliminate artifacts and masks from images. The apparatus can be used in combination with an OCT, microscope and can be disposed in a hand-held housing for hand-held use.

Abstract: A retinal imaging device and illumination module. The illumination module includes a light source to provide an incident beam along an illumination axis, a condenser lens at a spaced apart distance from the light source for condensing the incident beam and emanating a condensed incident beam, a transparent plate at a spaced apart distance from the condenser lens, wherein the transparent plate comprises a light absorber, at least one projections lens system to focus the condensed incident beam, a shield at a spaced apart distance from the projection lens system to yield a first partially blocked beam to form a comea illumination doughnut, and a perforated mirror comprising a hollow cylinder. A portion of the hollow cylinder protrudes out from a reflecting face of the mirror, forming an elliptical stopper to yield a second partially blocked beam to form a pupil illumination doughnut, enabling reflex-free imaging of the retina.

Abstract: The present invention is a slit lamp mounted eye imaging, a slit lamp integrated, a handheld, OCT integrated, or attached to a separate chinrest-joystick assembly apparatus and method for producing a wide field and/or magnified views of the posterior or the anterior segments of an eye through an undilated or dilated pupil. The apparatus images sections and focal planes and utilizes an illumination system that uses one or more LEDs, shifting optical elements, flipping masks, and/or aperture stops where the light can be delivered into the optical system on optical axis or off axis from center of optical system and return imaging path from the eye, creating artifacts in different locations on the eye image. Image processing is employed to detect and eliminate artifacts and masks from images. The apparatus can be used in combination with an OCT, microscope and can be disposed in a hand-held housing for hand-held use.

Abstract: An image detecting apparatus for detecting a first eyeball is provided. The image detecting apparatus includes an illumination light source, an imaging lens, an image sensing device, a display and a viewfinder. The illumination light source emits an illumination beam, and the illumination beam irradiates the first eyeball. The first eyeball reflects the illumination beam into an image beam. The imaging lens is disposed on a transmission path of the image beam. The image sensing device is disposed on the transmission path of the image beam, wherein the imaging lens is disposed between the first eyeball and the image sensing device. The display shows the image formed by the image beam. The viewfinder is disposed in front of the display such that a second eyeball observes the display via the viewfinder. An image detecting method is also provided.

Abstract: The optical design for a contact type portable eye imaging apparatus, including the imaging optics and illumination optics are proposed, which utilizes miniature image sensor and solid state light emitting technology, as the next generation of medical imaging devices, in particular in ophthalmic imaging applications.

Abstract: An apparatus including a wavefront sensor including a light source configured to illuminate a subject eye, a detector, an image sensor configured to output an image of the subject eye, a first beam deflecting element configured to intercept a wavefront beam returned from a subject eye when the subject eye is illuminated by the light source and configured to direct a portion of the wavefront from the subject eye through an aperture toward the detector and a controller, coupled to the light source, the image sensor and the beam deflecting element, configured to process the image to determine transverse movement of the subject eye and to control the beam deflecting element to deflect and project through the aperture portions of an annular ring portion of the wavefront and further configured to pulse the light source at a firing rate to sample selected portions of the annular ring at the detector, to process the image of the subject eye to calculate transverse movement of the subject eye and to orient the beam de

Abstract: The invention relates, according to one aspect, to a retinal imaging device including at least one source (LSa, LSr) for emitting a light beam in order to illuminate the retina of an eye (10) of a subject, a retinal imaging path including a detection device (12) having a detection plane (121) and an optical imaging system (L1, L5, L6), an analysis path including a device (15) for measuring optical defects having an analysis plane (151) for receiving a set of light rays backscattered by the retina and optical means for adjoining said analysis plane and a predetermined plane in the input space of said imaging system of the imaging path, a correction device (14) shared by said analysis and imaging paths, which includes a correction plane (141) and which is intended to correct, in said correction plane, the light rays from said emission source and backscattered by the retina according to the optical defects measured by the device for measuring optical defects.

Abstract: A tonometer for measuring intraocular pressure of an examinee's eye in a non-contact manner, comprises: an arithmetic part for calculating the intraocular pressure; a fluid blowing unit for blowing a fluid at a cornea of the examinee's eye through a nozzle; a projecting optical system for projecting light onto an anterior segment of the examinee's eye through the nozzle, the system including a light source and a condensing lens; and an imaging optical system for imaging a cross-sectional image of the anterior segment, the system including an imaging lens and an imaging elements.

Abstract: A device for examining the eye fundus and photoreceptors includes an illumination beam path having optical beam forming and/or guiding components, at least one illumination unit for providing a continuous illumination and a flash illumination, and an observation and imaging beam path having optical beam forming and/or guiding components and a device for varying the magnification, including a beam splitter for splitting the observation and imaging beam path. A rotatable diffraction grating is disposed in a plane in the observation and imaging beam path that is conjugate to the object plane and the movement of the grating is synchronized with the illumination unit that serves as the flash illumination so that an image recording sensor records a rapid sequence of images of the eye fundus at different positions of the grating and said sequence is forwarded to an existing evaluation unit.

Abstract: An ophthalmoscope includes a therapy beam source configured to apply therapy beam pulses onto an eye and a drive unit configured to store information about the therapy beam pulses applied onto the eye.

Abstract: An ophthalmoscope includes a display, a therapy beam source, and a drive unit. The display is configured to display a live image of a patient's eye. The therapy beam source is configured to apply therapy beam pulses onto the eye. The drive unit is configured to superimpose onto the live image of the eye a virtual pattern of positions intended for the application of therapy beam pulses.

Abstract: An ophthalmoscope comprising includes a display, a therapy beam source, and a drive unit. The display is configured to display a live image of a patient's eye. The therapy beam source is configured to apply therapy beam pulses onto the eye. The drive unit is configured to superimpose onto the live image of the eye target positions intended for the application of therapy beam pulses.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of providing an ophthalmic image is presented. In accordance with embodiments of the present invention, an illumination path with a focus index optical assembly and a first diopter compensator is provided and an imaging path with a sensor and a second diopter compensator is provided. The first diopter compensator and the second diopter compensator can be adjusted to provide focus according to a focus index from the focus index optical assembly.

Abstract: A conformable covering comprises an outer portion with rigidity to resist movement on the cornea and an inner portion to contact the cornea and provide an environment for epithelial regeneration. The inner portion of the covering can be configured in many ways so as to conform at least partially to an ablated stromal surface so as to correct vision. The conformable inner portion may have at least some rigidity so as to smooth the epithelium such that the epithelium regenerates rapidly and is guided with the covering so as to form a smooth layer for vision. The inner portion may comprise an amount of rigidity within a range from about 1×10-4 Pa*m3 to about 5×10-4 Pa*m3 so as to deflect and conform at least partially to the ablated cornea and smooth an inner portion of the ablation with an amount of pressure when deflected.

Abstract: A system and method for fundus imaging wherein selective illumination of a sector of the field of view of the fundus, using off-axis illumination, provides images of acceptable clarity, resolution, and size, with significantly reduced reflections, in a compact system. By rotating illumination around the optical axis, sectors of the fundus may be selectively and sequentially illuminated. An image of the entire field of view of the fundus is obtained by combining images, e.g. two or more half images, obtained within a single shutter exposure or capture period. An illumination system using LED light sources and a rotatable occluder provides for a lightweight, handheld and portable fundus imaging system. It may take the form of a fundus camera, a fundus imaging lens module for regular camera, or an adapter which couples to the standard lens of a camera to create a low cost fundus camera.

Abstract: A fundus camera according to the present invention includes a light metering unit configured to change a light metering area within an image captured by an imaging unit based on one of a position and a size of a light blocking member, and a controlling unit configured to control an amount of light emission from a light source based on a light metering value corresponding to the light metering area.

Abstract: A monocular image of a fundus of an eye under examination is captured via a photographic stop for monocular photography, and two stereographically viewed images are captured with a parallax via two photographic stops for stereographic photography that are decentered from a photographic optical axis. Defocused images are captured in the stereographic photography due to the deviation of the photographic stops from the optical axis. A corrective lens is inserted into the photographic optical path in order to correct the defocus in the stereographic photography. This makes it possible to readily correct defocus generated by deviation of the photographic stops from the photographic optical axis even when switching between monocular and stereographic photography modes.

Abstract: An opthalmoscope for examining a patient's eye includes an illumination device for generating an illumination beam Illumination imaging optics image the illumination beam onto the eye and a scanning device scans the illumination beam over the eye. The opthalmoscope also includes an observation device and observation imaging optics for imaging an observation beam generated by reflection of the illumination beam from the eye onto the observation device. An electronic shutter excludes stray light from the observation beam. The observation device comprises an electronic sensor with an array of photosensitive pixels that can respectively be activated and/or read out in rows, and the scanning device includes an electronic drive circuit for reading out at least one pixel row of the sensor.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an optical system for a fundus camera for reflection-free opthalmoscopy having a beam path with refractive and reflective optical elements which are used substantially in common for illumination and observation or recording. An imaging mirror system substantially comprising a plurality of reflecting optical elements in the form of mirrors and is provided for illuminating and imaging the fundus. At least one optical element, for example, mirror, is formed as a freeform mirror with an imaging, reflecting freeform surface. The optical elements are arranged in a housing in a precisely defined position and attitude relative to one another in such a way that an imaging of the reflecting surfaces of the optical elements on the image of the imaged retina is prevented within a wide diopter range of the patient's eye to be examined.