Abstract: Generally, the present invention relates to medical devices and a method of vision screening, and more particularly to a pediatric vision screening system and method thereof that identifies a risk factor for amblyopia or diagnoses amblyopia by measurement of microstrabismus. An embodiment of the invention is directed to a method of patient screening for risk factors for amblyopia which includes the steps of illuminating the eye with polarized light, scanning the polarized light about the eye, capturing the retro-reflected light emanating back from the eye, analyzing the retro-reflected light to determine ocular misalignment; and calculating a metric to determine if the patient passes or fails the screening test thereby providing an indication that the patient may have a risk of amblyopia based on either strabismus or anisometropia. The method is effective at detecting amblyopia related to focusing problems without the measuring the focus of the eye directly.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of controlling a computing device having a display. The method comprises identifying a point on the display at which a user's gaze is directed; determining whether an eye of the user has accommodated toward a near-field refractive state; and increasing, based on the determining, the resolution of a region on the display of the computer system, the region being centered on the identified gaze point.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device, for measuring the contrast of fringes in a Michelson interferometer at full field, comprising a Wollaston prism for diverting two perpendicular incident polarizations into two different emergent directions, said diverting means being arranged within the interferometer as substitute for a single polarizer. The device is of application to a Michelson interferometer used in an OCT tomographical system and comprising means for obtaining interferometric contrast without use of a modulation technique or synchronous detection methods.

Abstract: There provided herein a system for profiling a personal aspect of a subject, the system comprising a processor adapted to select at least one visual stimulus from a database comprising a multiplicity of visual stimuli and at least one evoking stimulus from a database comprising a multiplicity of evoking stimuli; and at least one sensor adapted to acquire at least one eye response of a subject to said visual stimulus; wherein said processor is further adapted to perform processing and analysis of said visual stimulus, said evoking stimulus and said eye response, for profiling at least one personal aspect of said subject.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an implantable system for determining the accommodation requirement in an artificial accommodation system by optical measurement of the pupil diameter and the surrounding luminance, comprising a) at least one optical system (3), b) at least one data acquisition system (8) which does not contact the ciliary muscle and has means for measuring a diameter of the pupil and luminance around at least one eye as a physical control signal for the accommodation requirement, c) at least one data processing system (9) for generating an actuating signal for the optical system (3) from the detected physical control signals or for the purpose of switching to the stand-by mode, d) at least one energy supply system (10), and e) at least one fixing system, wherein the system has one sensor (3) or a plurality of sensors with sensor elements for measuring the pupil diameter and the surrounding luminance.

Abstract: The eye movement sensor comprises a helmet (1) adjustable to the head of a patient who is undergoing an ophthalmologic examination, in a unit with seat (10) and projection screen (11) of light spots in front, the same helmet (1) incorporating a front light projector (2) which emits a light spot towards the screen (11), as well as means of image recording of each one of the eyes, which records their movements captured from an angle which permits viewing the eye in all its positions. Said means of recording preferably consists of a video camera (6) disposed below the projector (2) of the helmet (1), focussing a pair of mirrors (7), incorporated on different sides of the lower part of the helmet (1) downward, under each eye respectively, to capture the specular reflection of its movements; or instead, two cameras (5) under each eye.

Abstract: Provided is a method of determining a gaze point of an eye watching a visual display controllable by a display signal. The method comprises generating a display signal using a graphics card in order for the visual display to produce a screen pattern; receiving a signal encoding an image of the eye including a corneo-scleral reflection of the screen pattern; and determining, based on in part the geometry of said reflection, a gaze point of the eye, wherein said determining a gaze point includes utilising the graphics card as a parallel processor. The image of the eye may be received directly at the graphics card. The graphics card may extract image features in the eye images. Reference illuminators may be used, and the screen pattern may be interlaced with a distinctive reference pattern. Further provided are a gaze-tracking system and a personal computer system adapted to determine a gaze point of a viewer.

Abstract: A system for quantifying and mapping visual salience to a visual stimulus, including a processor, software for receiving data indicative of a group of individual's ocular responses to a visual stimulus, software for determining a distribution of visual resources at each of at least two times for each of at least a portion of the individuals. The system further including software for determining and quantifying a group distribution of visual resources at each of the at least two times and software for generating a display of the group's distribution of visual resources to the visual stimulus.

Abstract: Techniques for adaptive brightness control of a display are described. A apparatus may comprise a display and a display control module communicatively coupled to the display. The display control module may be arranged to modify brightness levels for the display based on ambient light level measurements and changes in pupil size of a human eye. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Abstract: A system and method of controlling a sensor to sense one target from a plurality of targets includes predicting states of the targets. A set of probability distributions is generated. Each probability distribution in the set represents a setting or settings of at least one control parameter of the sensor. An expected information gain value for each control parameter in the set is calculated. The information gain value represents an expected quality of a measurement of one of the targets taken by the sensor if controlled according to the control parameter, based on the predicted state of the target. Updating the set of probability distributions takes place to identify the sensor control parameters that maximise the expected information gain value. The sensor is then controlled in accordance with the maximising control parameters.

Abstract: A system and operational method that supplies visual stimuli to each subject in the form of a virtual environment in which at least the objects of interest have a three dimensional wire frame or mesh frame of a number of polygons that is surrounded with at least one skin or surface; wherein the visual stimuli is presented in a test session to the subject on a display device including an eye tracking sub-system that can effectively track the subject's gaze direction and focus on the display device throughout the test session; wherein unique colors are assigned to the mesh frame and/or an eye tracking skin of each object of interest whereby the system can evaluate the obtained eye tracking data and assign attention data to specific objects of interest resulting in object specific attention data.

Abstract: There is provided an apparatus for irradiating a beam at a user's eye gaze point and an operation method thereof. The apparatus includes an eye gaze point detecting part analyzing a movement of a user's pupils and detecting the user's eye gaze point, and a beam irradiation part irradiating a beam at the user's eye gaze point detected by the eye gaze point detecting part. The apparatus detects the user's current eye gaze point and irradiates the beam at the user's detected eye gaze point, thereby allowing for the performance of desired control with greater accuracy.

Abstract: Eyetracking techniques and analysis techniques are disclosed. At least one interpretation of eyetracking data is received from an eye interpretation engine. A characteristic of an application is dynamically modified based on the interpretation of the eyetracking data. A portion of the application being viewed by a user may be determined. The determined portion may be modified in response to the interpretation of the eyetracking data for the user.

Abstract: The eye movement, body movement, and/or physiological performance of a subject may tracked while the subject performs a task, such as participating in an activity or sport. The collected data may then be used to identify correlations between the subject's eyesight and the subject's body movement exists and/or physiology. Such a correlation may be analyzed (e.g., over time) to determine any delays or gaps in the subject's ability to track an object, such as a ball, while participating in a sport or other activity. Further, a subject's performance may be compared to data collected from other individuals. The eye movement, body movement, and/or physiological performance data may be used to test and/or train the visual and cognitive abilities of an individual.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to controlling and manipulating an image of an object on a display device based on tracked eye movements of an observer. When the object is displayed according to an initial view, the observer's eye movement is tracked and processed in order to determine the focus of the observer's attention or gaze on the image. Thereafter, the displayed image is modified to provide a better view of the part of the object in which the observer is most interested. This is accomplished by modifying at least one of the spatial positioning of the object within the viewing area, the angle of view of the object, and the viewing direction of the object.

Abstract: A phase modulation device implemented in an ophthalmic instrument using a main light beam interacting with an eye, the device including: an apparatus for modulating the phase of the wave front of the main light beam, a controller for controlling the phase modulation apparatus following a modulation instruction, and an analyzer for analyzing the thus-performed modulation of the phase of the wave front of the main light beam, further including emitting a secondary light beam, an apparatus for directing the secondary light beam along an optical path to the modulation apparatus, then to the analyzer, and in that the optical path does not pass through the eye, and in that the controller and the analyzer receiving the modulated secondary light beam cooperate, during a stage called a learning stage, to supply data regarding the response of the phase modulation apparatus to a set of predetermined modulation instructions.

Abstract: A face horizontal direction measuring unit measures the angle of the face horizontal direction for a face image obtained by an imaging unit. By using information on the radius of the head and information on the shoulder position of the person obtained by the aforementioned measurement, a face vertical displacement measuring unit measures a face displacement in the vertical direction not affected by a head posture. According to the obtained displacement, the face angle in the vertical direction is decided. By using the obtained face direction, the angle of the gaze in the horizontal direction and the eyeball radius are measured. Further, a gaze vertical displacement measuring unit is provided for which measuring the pupil center position against the eyeball center position as the gaze displacement in the vertical direction. This displacement amount is used to measure the gaze angle in the vertical direction.

Abstract: An ophthalmic lens element (100) for correcting myopia in a wearer's eye is disclosed. The lens element (100) includes a central zone (102) and a peripheral zone (104). The central zone (102) provides a first optical correction for substantially correcting myopia associated with the foveal region of the wearer's eye. The peripheral zone (104) surrounds the central zone (102) and provides a second optical correction for substantially correcting myopia or hyperopia associated with a peripheral region of the retina of the wearer's eye. A system and method for dispensing or designing an ophthalmic lens element for correcting myopia in a wearer's eye is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for identifying the covert foci of attention of a person when viewing an image or series of images. The method includes the steps of presenting the person with an image having a plurality of visual elements, measuring eye movements of the subject with respect to those images, and based upon the measured eye movements triangulating and determining the level of covert attentional interest that the person has in the various visual elements.

Abstract: An eyeball locating system includes a display panel, an application program and a matrix optical sensor. The matrix optical sensor is disposed in the display panel. The application program controls the matrix optical sensor, executing an eyeball locating method to measure the movement of an eyeball including an eye white and a pupil. The method includes: providing a default graph showing the change of light energy; defining a default characteristic value of the pupil according to the default graph; shining light on the eye white and the pupil, a part of the light reflected by the eye white and the pupil to form a reflecting light; detecting the reflecting light energy to form a measured graph showing the change of reflected light energy; calculating a measured characteristic value according to the measured graph; and comparing the default with the measured characteristic values to determine the change of the pupil.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus and computer program products reduce bandwidth requirements in mobile video and gaming applications by tracking a gaze fixation point of a user on a video image at a remote location; generating information identifying the gaze fixation point at the remote location; transmitting the gaze fixation point information to a source of video information over a network; determining a portion of a video image to transmit at a high resolution and a remaining portion to transmit at a low resolution using the transmitted gaze fixation point information; and transmitting the portion of the video image selected for transmission at a high resolution at the high resolution and the portion of the video image selected for transmission at a low resolution at the low resolution.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for assessing the field of vision, wherein FDF stimuli are produced and detected by a person using the at least one eye to be examined. The invention is based on the object of providing a novel method and a device in order to efficiently assess the field of vision of a person and/or in order to recognize early signs of disease processes, which can lead to limitations in the field of vision. For this purpose, the invention provides that the production of the FDF stimuli is carried out by utilizing a computer-controlled system for the efficient determination of the vision and that the respective FDF stimulus is generated by utilizing an imaging device.

Abstract: An eye-tracking method includes acquiring an image of an eye of a user, identifying a pupil of and a reflected light spot on the eye from the acquired image, determining a distance of the reflected light spot from a reference point on the pupil and an angle of the reflected light spot from an axis passing through the reference point on the pupil, determining a gazing point based on the distance and the angle and a pre-established set of data, and performing an operation associated with the gazing point. A system for implementing the eye-tracking method is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for characterizing square wave jerks in the eye movements of a person, which may provide a powerful tool in the differential diagnosis of oculomotor and neurological disease. The method includes the steps of a) providing a sequence of saccades, b) identifying pairs of consecutive saccades of the sequence, c) determining whether each saccade of each identified pair is opposite the direction of the other saccade and, if not, then discarding the pair, d) determining whether a magnitude of each saccade of each identified pair is comparable and, if not, then discarding the pair, e) determining whether the pair of saccades of each identified pair are temporally related by a predetermined time period and, if not, then discarding the pair and f) collecting any remaining pairs of saccades as square wave jerks.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system and methods for direct gaze detection based on pupil symmetry. The system and methods work by first finding the user's eyes in a video camera image and measuring the symmetry of the pupil region. If this pupil region is close to round, the invention determines that the user is looking nearly directly or close to directly at the camera, or has direct gaze at the camera. This technique handles both eye motions and head motions (e.g., the gaze may shift with or without the head being turned).

Abstract: Spectacles for use in an eye monitoring system include a pair of ocular frames and a sensor unit adapted to be positioned adjacent an eye of the wearer. A nose bridge connects the ocular frames and incorporates an adjustment mechanism for adjusting the vertical position of the sensor unit relative to the eye. A frame arm extends from the outer edge of each ocular frame and is adapted to fit over the ear of a wearer. The sensor unit incorporates two infra red emitters at different angles and an infra red detector recessed into the surface of the unit to reduce the proportion of signal received by said detector which is not from the signal emitter reflected by the eye or eyelids.

Abstract: Wavefront measurements of eyes are typically taken when the pupil is in a first configuration in an evaluation context. The results can be represented by a set of basis function coefficients. Prescriptive treatments are often applied in a treatment context, which is different from the evaluation context. Hence, the patient pupil can be in a different, second configuration, during treatment. Systems and methods are provided for determining a transformed set of basis function coefficients, based on a difference between the first and second configurations, which can be used to establish the vision treatment.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for eye gaze tracking in human or animal subjects without calibration of cameras, specific measurements of eye geometries or the tracking of a cursor image on a screen by the subject through a known trajectory. One embodiment includes one uncalibrated camera for acquiring video images of the subject's eye(s) and optionally having an on-axis illuminator, and a surface, object, or visual scene with embedded off-axis illuminator markers. The off-axis markers are reflected on the corneal surface of the subject's eyes as glints. The glints indicate the distance between the point of gaze in the surface, object, or visual scene and the corresponding marker on the surface, object, or visual scene.

Abstract: A method for assessing the function of at least one sensory field of a subject, and apparatus and systems for carrying out the method, the method comprising: using a display, presenting stimuli to selected locations of the sensory field, the selected locations being centred at points on a sampling grid spanning a portion of the sensory field, wherein the individual stimuli if presented simultaneously at the sampling grid points would overlap in the space defined by the sensory dimensions of the field; using a sensor, detecting responses in the subject's sensory field evoked by the stimuli; and processing the detected responses to relate them to the function of the subject's sensory field at the selected locations.

Abstract: An apparatus for performing multiple procedures involving the eye. The apparatus includes a data collection apparatus and a data analysis module. The data collection apparatus for collecting a data set corresponding to at least a portion of an eye of a patient is configured to provide data indicative of at least two neurological disorders selected from the group consisting of glaucoma, macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, dyslexia, multiple sclerosis, optic neuritis, LDS, head trauma, diabetes, and inappropriate responses to contrast sensitivity patterns. The data analysis module interrelates the data indicative of at least two neurological disorders to provide an interpretive result.

Abstract: Systems and methods for generating a three-dimensionally perceived image from a stereo endoscope by at least one viewer include an autostereoscopic display having a left projector and a right projector that project corresponding left and right images received from corresponding left and right cameras of the stereo endoscope onto a reflective holographic optical element that redirects light from the left projector to a left viewing zone for a left eye and redirects light from the right projector to a right viewing zone for a right eye of a viewer to create a three-dimensionally perceived image without glasses or optical headgear.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring corneal resistance to deformation use an empirically derived function wherein an inward applanation pressure P1 and an outward applanation pressure P2 obtained during a corneal deformation cycle caused by a fluid pulse are separately weighted so as to minimize dependence of the calculated corneal resistance factor (CRF) on intraocular pressure. In one embodiment, the function is optimized, at least in part, to maximize statistical correlation between the calculated corneal resistance factor (CRF) and central corneal thickness.

Abstract: The present system for analyzing eye responses accurately and automatically tracks the size, location, and movement of a subject's pupil(s) in response to a predetermined test protocol. These eye responses include both ocularmotor and pupillary responses to illumination and target tracking for either eye or both eyes simultaneously. The series of digital image frames of a subject's eyes, taken during the execution of a predetermined stimulus protocol, are automatically processed to determine pupil location, size, and responsiveness to changes in illumination.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for determining the center of rotation of an eye of a person relative to a frame of reference associated with the person or with said person's eyeglasses, making it possible to determine the visual axis of the person along at least two non-parallel directions by viewing a target, and to define an optimum point of intersection of said axes as the center of rotation of the eye, at least two relative positions of said target and of the person's head being measured. In the invention, said target is constituted by a light source and is disposed at one end of a tubular support, with the other end being for disposing facing the person's eye, the support carrying a first position sensor, a second position sensor being for placing on the person's head.

Abstract: A method for assessing vestibular system function includes stimulating the inner ear with an audible range signal; collecting data representative of audible range ocular motion; and on the basis of the data, evaluating vestibular system function.

Abstract: An eye movement measuring apparatus comprises: an image forming part configured to obtain data optically to form a fundus oculi image of an eye based on the obtained data; and an image analysis part configured to analyze the formed fundus oculi image to determine eye movement of the eye.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for recognizing a person's gaze are disclosed, where the apparatus includes a main body, an eye-movement detector, a data generator and a transmitter, where the main body has the specific area. The eye-movement detector can detect whether a gaze is fixed on the specific area. The data generator can generate gaze data when the gaze is fixed on the specific area. The transmitter can transmit the gaze data to terminal equipment, so that the terminal equipment can receive information that the gaze is fixed on the specific area based on the gaze data, so that the terminal equipment can provide a prompt based on the gaze data.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes: a light outputting unit which outputs a visible beam to be projected onto an eyeball and an infrared beam to be projected onto eyelids; a deflection unit which deflects, toward the user's eyes, the visible beam and infrared beam outputted by the light outputting unit; a light sensing unit which senses the reflected light of the visible beam reflected off the user's eyeball; an eyelid opening and closing judgment unit which judges the open or closed state of the user's eyelids based on the result of the reflected light sensing by the light sensing unit; and an infrared-irradiation range control unit which changes the irradiation range of the infrared beam so that the eyelids are selectively irradiated with the infrared beam, by controlling the light outputting unit according to the open or closed state of the eyelids judged by is the eyelid opening and closing judgment unit.

Abstract: A device for determining a movement of an eye includes an illumination unit by which optical radiation can be generated and emitted as an illumination ray bundle for illumination of at least one area of the cornea of the eye, a distance-determining unit, by which the illumination ray bundle returned as a detection ray bundle by the cornea can be received in a temporally resolved manner. A distance signal corresponding to a distance of the cornea from a reference plane can be generated using the received optical radiation of the detection ray bundle. the reference plane is defined relative to the distance-determining unit, and an evaluating unit, by which a position or movement signal corresponding to a position or movement of the eye can be generated using the distance signal.

Abstract: The invention relates to systems and methods for tracking the movement of an operator's eyes in order to determine the real-time gaze angle of the eyes of the operator. In one embodiment, the invention may utilize an eye camera and a processing device. A frame by frame image of the eye may be captured utilizing the camera and the processing device, and a custom template resembling the operator's eye may be created utilizing the image produced by the eye camera. The custom template may be substantially the shape and size of the pupil of the eye of the operator, or may also represent additional features of the eye of the operator, such as the iris, sclera, cornea, or eye-lids. A tracking algorithm may determine a substantially real-time gaze angle of the eye.

Abstract: This invention provides methods, system, and apparatus for assessing and/or diagnosing a neurobehavioural disorder in a subject. The methods, systems, and apparatus include the subject freely observing a visual scene, without having to carry out a task or follow specific instructions. In one embodiment, a computational model is used to select one or more feature in a visual scene and generate a spatial map having first map values that are predictive of eye movement end points of a hypothetical observer relative to the one or more feature. A subject's eye movements are recorded while the subject freely observes the visual scene, and a difference between second map values that correspond to the subject's eye movement endpoints and a set of map values selected randomly from the first map values is quantified, wherein the difference is indicative of a neurobehavioural disorder in the subject.

Abstract: A system and operational method that supplies visual stimuli to each subject in the form of a virtual environment in which at least the objects of interest have a three dimensional wire frame or mesh frame of a number of polygons that is surrounded with at least one skin or surface; wherein the visual stimuli is presented in a test session to the subject on a display device including an eye tracking sub-system that can effectively track the subject's gaze direction and focus on the display device throughout the test session; wherein unique colors are assigned to the mesh frame and/or an eye tracking skin of each object of interest whereby the system can evaluate the obtained eye tracking data and assign attention data to specific objects of interest resulting in object specific attention data.

Abstract: Detecting position information related to a face, and more particularly to an eyeball in a face, using a detection and ranging system, such as a Radio Detection And Ranging (“RADAR”) system, or a Light Detection And Ranging (“LIDAR”) system. The position information may include a location of the eyeball, translational motion information related to the eyeball (e.g., displacement, velocity, acceleration, jerk, etc.), rotational motion information related to the eyeball (e.g., rotational displacement, rotational velocity, rotational acceleration, etc.) as the eyeball rotates within its socket.

Abstract: A sight line vector detecting method includes: emitting LED light beams from LED light sources arranged on both sides of a camera to an eye; photographing the eye by the camera; acquiring a plane which includes one light source position of the LED light sources, a lens center position of the camera, and a spatial position on a photographed image as to one luminescent spot on a cornea spherical surface, and another plane which includes the other light source position, the lens center position of the camera, and a spatial position on the photographed image as to the other luminescent spot on the cornea spherical surface; acquiring a line of intersection between the two planes; acquiring a center of a cornea ball which is on the intersection line and satisfies a predetermined condition; and acquiring a center of a pupil.

Abstract: A system for testing visual fields comprising a display for presenting a visual stimulus and an eye tracker for tracking movement of at least one of a patient's eyes to determine its position in three dimensions without requiring the patient to wear any tracking equipment. A computer controls the position of the stimulus on the display and causes it to move by an amount that is a function of the tracked three-dimensional position of the patient's eye and a visual field position that is to be tested. Changes to the position of the stimulus and any corresponding tracked eye movement are used to assess the patient's visual field.

Abstract: A gaze point detecting device 1 detects a gaze point of an object person by projecting a display image displayed by an LCD 8 to outside via a finder 4 and capturing an eye image of the object person by a CCD 11 in response to illumination light irradiated toward outside from the finder 4, and the device comprises an optical system 5 arranged spaced only a focal length apart from a display surface 8a on an optical path of an image displaying optical system between the LCD 8 and the finder 4; the optical system 5 being arranged on an optical path of an imaging optical system between the finder 4 and the CCD 11; a telecentric optical system including a diaphragm 9 arranged spaced only a focal length apart from the optical system 5 on the optical path; and a controller 3 that detects a position of the gaze point of the object person based on the eye image captured by the CCD 11.

Abstract: This invention relates to methods and apparatus for improving communications between humans and devices. The invention provides a method of modulating operation of a device, comprising: providing an attentive user interface for obtaining information about an attentive state of a user; and modulating operation of a device on the basis of the obtained information, wherein the operation that is modulated is initiated by the device. Preferably, the information about the user's attentive state is eye contact of the user with the device that is sensed by the attentive user interface.

Abstract: In an optical tomographic imaging apparatus in which a tomographic image is acquired using an interference light between a return beam of a first measuring beam and a first reference beam traveling on a beam path having first beam path length changing unit thereon, an optical interferometer detects movement of the inspection object by using an interference light between a return beam of a second measuring beam from a movement detection position and a second reference beam traveling on a beam path having second beam path length changing unit thereon; and positional misplacement correcting unit changes the beam path length of the first reference beam based on the moving amount detected by the optical interferometer, wherein the beam path lengths of the two reference beams can be changed by a mechanism, thus further reducing deformation of an acquired image in an eye ball depth direction caused by a back and forth motion.

Abstract: A goggle based light-weight VOG system includes an integral calibration laser and at least one digital camera connected to and powered by a laptop computer through a firewire connection. The digital camera may digitally center the pupil in both the X and Y directions. A calibration mechanism may be incorporated onto the goggle base. An EOG system may also be incorporated directly into the goggle. The VOG system may track and record 3-D movement of the eye, track pupil dilation, head position and goggle slippage. An animated eye display provides data in a more meaningful fashion. The VOG system is a modular design whereby the same goggle frame or base is used to build a variety of digital camera VOG systems.

Abstract: A method and/or system of adjusting light output intensity of a display system includes providing a display system that provides information to a user. Dilation of a pupil of the user is monitored (e.g., using an imaging device) and adjustment of the light output intensity of the display system is performed as a function of the monitored dilation of the pupil of the user. Yet further, for example, such adjustment of light output intensity may also be performed as a function of the monitored ambient light intensity in addition to the monitored dilation of the pupil of the user.