Abstract: An endothelium attachment for a slit lamp device with a microscope objective to increase the magnification of the slit lamp microscope which can be attached in front of the slip lamp microscope housing. The attachment includes a beam splitter provided between the microscope objective and the primary objective of the slit lamp microscope, this beam splitter being arranged in the optical axis of the primary objective and deflecting at least a portion of the light reflected by the eye to be examined into at least one ocular beam path of the slit lamp microscope, and that the portion of the light passing through the beam splitter impinges upon a measuring and/or recording unit.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting ophthalmic diseases such as inflammation in the camera oculi of a patient's eye. A laser beam is focussed at a selected spot in the camera oculi of an eye, and the light scattered from the eye is photoelectrically detected and converted into an electrical signal which is subsequently used to determine the protein concentration essential to ophthalmic disease detection in the camera oculi of the patient's eye.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting ophthalmic diseases, such as inflammation in a patient's eye, includes a projection system for projecting and focusing a laser beam at a selected spot in the eye. The laser light scattered from the eye is photoelectrically detected through a slit in a mask and converted into an electrical signal which is used to determine the protein concentration in the patient's eye. A light shield member is displaceable in front of the mask slit to selectively block diffused light from the eye or scattered laser light to improve the S/N ratio of the electrical signal.

Abstract: This invention relates to slit lamps of the type incorporated in instruments used to illuminate eyes for ophthalmic examination and/or photography; and, more particularly, it relates to controlling the illumination produced by such slit lamps.

Abstract: A lens positioning device for indirect biomicroscopy of a patient's eye and which is adapted to mount a condensing lens in readily adjustable relationship to the patient's eye, for evaluation of for instance the fundus of the eye with the biomicroscope, and with the device being adapted to be readily attached to one of the chin rest vertical bars of the slit lamp biomicroscope. The device comprises a plurality of movable arms for positioning of the lens relative to the eye, with adjustable fasteners for selectively tightening or loosening the tension thereof and thus the resistance to pivotal movement of the arms relative to one another, so as to be able to selectively increase or decrease the resistance to relative movement between the arms, to accommodate the particular desires of the examiner.

Abstract: An illuminating system of an ophthalmological instrument has a coaxial illuminating system for effecting a coaxial illumination by projecting an observation-use illuminating light toward an eye to be tested from a direction generally parallel with an optical axis of through an objective lens of an observing optical system, FIGS. 1A and 1B each illustrated an oblique illuminating system branched from the coaxial illuminating system and adapted to effect an oblique illumination by projecting the observation-use illuminating light toward the eye from an oblique direction different from the coaxial illumination, and an optical path switching optical member disposed in an intermediate part of an optical path of the coaxial illuminating system and adapted to switch the coaxial illumination to the oblique illumination or vice versa.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus which attaches to a conventional slit lamp instrument and measures any portion of an eye which can be visualized using the slit lamp instrument. The apparatus includes a device for detecting movement of the slit lamp instrument, a calculating device which calculates distances measured in the eye in dependence upon the movement of the slit lamp instrument, and an output device for outputting the distance measured.

Abstract: An ophthalmoscope handpiece (10) for viewing the fundus oculi and for delivering a laser beam and a laser targeting beam to the fundus. The handpiece (10) comprises a body (26) defining a viewing aperture (32) therethrough. The handpiece (10) is provided with magnifying means, including a magnifying lens (38) mounted in the viewing aperture (32) for providing a magnifyied view of the fundus. An optical fiber coupling assembly (46) connects the handpiece (10) to an optical fiber (50) which communicates a laser targeting beam and a laser beam to the handpiece (10). The coupling assembly (46) is received in a receptor (58) provided in the body (26) such that the targeting beam and the laser beam can be directed into the viewing aperture (32) of the handpiece (10). Beam deflecting means (48), mounted within the viewing aperture (32), serves to intercept the laser beam and targeting beam and redirect the beams out of the viewing aperture (32) such that the beams can be directed to the fundus oculi.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting ophthalmic diseases such as an inflammation in a patient's eye which includes means for focussing a laser beam at a selected spot in the eye. The light scattered from the eye is photoelectrically detected and converted into an electrical signal which is subsequently used to determine the protein concentration essential to ophthalmic disease detection in the patient's eye. The laser beam is so deflected that it scans an area in the patient's eye except for a plane which is perpendicular to the scanning direction and includes the corneal vertex of the patient's eye.

Abstract: A slit projection apparatus has slit light beam forming means and a projection optical system for projecting a slit image onto an object to be examined. The projection optical system is provided with a light deflecting member rotatable so as to form a predetermined elevation angle, and a lens system having a predetermined focal length corresponding to the angle of rotation of the light deflecting member so as to compensate for the optical path difference conforming to said angle of rotation and including a lens having at least a portion thereof movable in the direction of the optic axis while keeping a predetermined spacing with respect to the light deflecting member.

Abstract: Apparatus for detecting the presence of diabetes mellitus and other abnormalities affecting the lens of the eye and for monitoring eye lens changes resulting from that disease or from other causes is disclosed. The apparatus enables the diffusion coefficient of the lens of a patient's eye to be ascertained by directing a light beam from a low-power laser at the patient's lens and measuring fluctuations in intensity of the back-scattered light caused by the movement of light scatterers in the lens. The apparatus is arranged to give a three dimensional view of the light-scattering site in the lens of the eye from which a measurement is taken and employs a binocular microscope having a fiber optic situated in one eyepiece of the microscope. Back-scattered light is focused by that eyepiece on the fiber optic while enabling the site in the lens to be stereoptically viewed.

Abstract: A slit lamp microscope for use in observing the cornea, crystalline lens and other tissues of an eye includes a scanning device for scanning the laser beam vertically and horizontally within a selected area of the eye to be examined to form thereon a slit image which illuminates the selected area. A regulating device is provided for regulating the intensity of the laser beam to a predetermined level depending upon the amount of light reflected from the eye. The scanning device is controlled to change its scanning area to make the selected area variable to thereby provide a slit image which is changeable in size.

Abstract: An apparatus for identifying and marking the visual center of the cornea of a human eye includes a cylindrical tube for placement over the cornea of a human eye. The tube is open at one end and includes, inside the tube, a disk-shaped member having a central pinhole-sized opening near the open end of the tube. Farther from the open end of the tube are one or more illuminated disks having central pinhole-sized opacities, one in the shape of a ring, another in the shape of a dot. While a viewer focuses through the pinhole on these opacities, a movable member mounted coaxially with the tube is moved to engage and mark the central visual axis of the cornea.

Abstract: Ophthalmologic apparatus for fundus examination of a patient's eyes, comprises a base, an illumination device carried by the base and rotatable about a vertical axis, a microscope carried by the base and rotatable about the vertical axis, a fixture for fixing the patient's head and eyes with respect to the vertical axis, a vertical rod carried by the base along the vertical axis, and a lens carried at the upper end of the vertical rod in the optical axis of the microscope and the examined eye and displaced from the vertical axis towards the examined eye such as to image the retina of the examined eye at a location for reimaging it by the microscope. The described apparatus enables funduscopic examinations to be made in a very convenient manner using existing opthalmological slit lamps.

Abstract: An apparatus utilizing a laser for treating the eye of a patient in either a seated or supine position. The apparatus includes a slit lamp device having integrated laser beam guidance for examination and treatment of seated patients and a support element attachable to the casing of the microscope of the slit lamp device and carrying lens groups for and a deflection device for modifying the beam path and which enable bending of the laser beam, illumination beam and the observation beam path to the eye to be treated when the patient is in a supine position.

Abstract: An apparatus operates in an observation mode for determining a specific spot within the eye of a patient and operates in a measurement mode for measuring protein particles contained within the specific spot. The eye is illuminated with a slit light to determine a specific spot. A laser light is irradiated onto the determined specific spot. A scattered light scattered by protein particles is detected by a detector to measure the protein particles.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an apparatus for making in vivo measurements of eye lens cloudiness such as caused by cataracta nuclearis. The lens of the human eye has an inherent fluorescence which corresponds to the cloudiness. The apparatus of the invention includes a projecting device for projecting a slit image onto the eye lens with a monochromatic excitation beam having a wavelength lying in the range of 350 nm-500 nm. The light beam excites the fluorescence in the eye lens to produce a fluorescence light. A measuring device measures the fluorescence light in the wavelength range of 380 nm to 650 nm. A signal processing unit analyzes the fluorescence spectrum to determine the wavelength corresponding to a maximum intensity of the fluorescence spectrum. The signal processing unit includes a memory having a scale of values for eye lens cloudiness and stores an empirically determined table of values of the measured parameters corresponding to the scale values.

Abstract: An attachment for a slit lamp that permits the operator to view the superimposition of an image of a patient's eye and a second image that may comprise a fluorescein angiogram or other photographic image of the patient's eye, or an image formed by a CRT or other display system. The slit lamp includes an objective for forming the first image directed along a first optical path, an eyepiece, being attachable to the objective such that the eyepiece is positioned along the first optical path. The attachment includes a body, a beamsplitter, and an image forming system. The body includes an attachment for attaching the body between the objective and viewing means, and also includes a passage through which the first image can pass along the first optical path to the eyepiece. The beamsplitter is mounted in the body, and positioned in the first optical path. The image forming system projects the second image onto the beamsplitter, such that a portion of the second image is reflected along the first optical path.

Abstract: An improved slit lamp assembly including a tonometer head adjustable height-wise with respect to a table included in the assembly and wherein a container is provided on the table with a supply of isopropyl alcohol impregnated swabs for use in disinfecting the tonometer head after use by each patient. The container includes an attachment structure for removably attaching it to the table so that when the supply of swabs is exhausted, a new supply may be placed in the container.

Abstract: A photokeratometric device for attachment to a photoslit lamp microscope having a light source therein comprises a keratometric pattern plate having an opening in the center thereof and a mount for supporting the plate for reproducing through the microscope an image of the cornea of a patient being examined with the keratometric pattern superimposed thereon.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting ophthalmic disease such as a cataract in the lens of a patient's eye includes means for focussing a laser beam and slit light alternatively or simultaneously at a selected spot in the lens of the eye. The slit light is used in a monitoring or adjustment mode to illuminate the selected spot and its adjacent portion on which the laser beam is to be focussed for ophthalmic disease detection, thereby making easier the identification of spots to be measured in the lens of the eye.

Abstract: A device is described for the integration of operating light and of monitoring and/or target light into an ocular examination instrument, for example a split lamp instrument, whose lamp and monitoring instrument can be rotated through a vertical axis drawn through the eye to be examined.In the device according to this invention the operating light beam and the monitoring and/or target light beam are directed in a strictly coaxial relationship. The coaxial light beams are first introduced into the axis of the split lamp designed as a concave axis, then deflected by a first optical apparatus out of the revolution axis in an almost vertical direction into the holder of the monitoring instrument and in this holder are deflected almost parallel to the revolution axis and finally integrated into the beam path of the monitoring instruments outside the revolution axis by a third optical apparatus.

Abstract: An illuminating unit for a standard slit lamp is described, which can be mounted as a structural unit on the prism head of the standard slit lamp. The illuminating unit enables photographic documentation of the optical sections observed.

Abstract: A removable and replaceable halogen light bulb unit for use in a slit lamp to examine the human eye. The unit includes a circular, disc-shaped base member to which a halogen bulb is mounted by support members. The unit further includes a reflector mounted between the base member and filament of the halogen bulb to reflect back into the slit lamp nearly all of the light which would otherwise pass upwardly and out of the slit lamp through the air holes.

Abstract: An ophthalmological measuring apparatus having a laser-slit projector unit for projecting a laser beam on a portion in a human eyeball, a microscope unit adapted for receiving and observing the light reflected from the portion in the eyeball and a detector unit adapted for displaying the observing point in the eyeball projected by the laser beam.

Abstract: An apparatus for examining the ocular fundus of an eye, in which an illuminating device is provided with non-overlapping apertures positioned substantially side by side, and in which an image of the apertures is formed on a part of the ocular fundus; an image of the illuminated ocular fundus is formed in a detecting plane in response to reflection from this fundus in such a manner as to provide a stereo pair of images of the ocular fundus in the detecting plane which are detected and then electronically processed and digitally analyzed thereby to display information about the ocular fundus under examination; the pupil position is also detected and the eye is then automatically aligned relative to the optical axis of the image, at least part of which is common to the axis of the illuminating device.

Abstract: A slit lamp comprising a slit light projection optical system having a slit aperture for projecting a slit pattern light along a slit plane to a crystalline lens of a patient's eye and a microscope for observing a section of the crystalline lens which is illuminated by the slit pattern light. The microscope comprises an crystalline lens section recording optical system including a recording device having an image plane for recording the section of the crystalline lens of the patient's eye illuminated by the slit pattern light, and a retroillumination image recording optical system for guiding a retroillumination image of the crystalline lens to the recording device of the crystalline lens section recording optical system for recording the section of the crystalline lens.

Abstract: An eye disease inspection instrument comprising a slit light projection optical system for projecting a slit light along a projecting optical axis to a patient's eye, a first optical system for observing a crystalline lens of the patient's eye at a section which is being illuminated by the slit light, a second optical system including an objective lens having an objective optical axis substantially coaxial with respect to the projecting optical axis for performing an observation under a retroillumination method.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for non-invasive in vivo inspection of ocular tissue wherein a laser provides a low power, coherent and uniform output beam of light which is guided through the optical system of a modified slit lamp biomicroscope to the eye of a patient for scattering by protein molecules in the ocular tissue of the patient, and scattered laser light in the ocular tissue is viewed through the slit lamp to visually align a pick up associated with the slit lamp optical system to a desired location in the ocular tissue. A measurement is performed by receiving laser light scattered from the ocular tissue and converting the scattered light into an electrical signal, and the electrical signal is analyzed by sorting it into components each characterized by an intensity and a fluctuation rate and each component associated with a protein group in the ocular tissue.

Abstract: A binocular opthalmoscope, having an optical viewing system, a light source and headgear mountable on an examiner's head during use for supporting the optical viewing system in optical alignment with the examiner's eyes and the light source with the output thereof above the optical viewing system. The light source has a selector for for selectively providing both full beam and slit beam illumination of a patient's eye, a first condensing lens for focusing light on the bull beam or slit beam aperture, a second condensing lens for refocusing the light passing through the aperture onto an aerial image of the retina, and a third lens for shortening the focal length of the beam emitted from the light outlet of the light source and which is mounting for pivotal movement into and out of the beam path.

Abstract: An objective refractor for the eye is disclosed in which knife-edge optics are utilized. The knife-edge optics cause characteristic illumination of the retina so that components of sphere and astigmatism can be identified. Provision for remote reading of the characteristic images is provided with the result that two orthogonally disposed knife-edge images can identify the sphere, cylinder and axis required for prescriptive patterns giving the direction and magnitude of required prescriptive change. A system of at least two orthogonally disposed, (and preferably four), knife edges with weighted lighting is disclosed for detection. Utilization of the knife-edge images is made possible by the detection of the low light level images at a detector having low noise level. A photo-sensitive element divided into a plurality of photo-discrete segments has light from the images proportionally dispersed over its surface.

Abstract: A microscope, whose ocular tubes receive light that is reflected by the blind spot or another selected portion in the innermost part of a human eye in response to illumination by a flash unit or a slit lamp, contains an ocular-like casing which replaces one of the oculars and contains a photodiode located in the respective image plane and generating signals denoting the intensity of light in the respective image plane. Such signals are transmitted to one input of a dividing circuit which further receives signals denoting the intensity of light which is emitted by the light source of the flash unit or slit lamp. The signal at the output of the dividing circuit is displaced and/or recorded and is indicative of reflectivity of the selected portion. The other ocular tube of the microscope contains a customary ocular with a marker located in the respective image plane.

Abstract: A binocular ophthalmoscope, having an optical viewing system, a light source and headgear mountable on an examiner's head during use for supporting the optical viewing system in optical alignment with the examiner's eyes and the light source with the output thereof above the optical viewing system. The light source has a selector for selectively providing both full beam and slit beam illumination of a patient's eye, a first condensing lens for focusing light on the bull beam or slit beam aperture, a second condensing lens for refocusing the light passing through the aperture onto an aerial image of the retina, and a third lens for shortening the focal length of the beam emitted from the light outlet of the light source and which is mounting for pivotal movement into and out of the beam path.

Abstract: The invention relates to an ophthalmologic method for determining the refraction of the eye with a high time resolution. For the measurement an object is imaged onto the retina. In the light reflected by the retina the sharpness of the image of said object is determined depending upon its distance from the eye. The measurement is carried out with unvisible infrared light of a small band width. Consequently, the vision is not disturbed and the influence of the chromatic aberration of the eye is reduced. The method is not used to find the distance of the object with the best image. In contrast, two distances having the same degree of non-sharpness are determined. This procedure provides a differential signal having a good S/N-ratio for determining the refraction of the eye. The method and the apparatus are adapted for the automatic objective determination of the refraction, specifically the adjustment of the human eye to different distances depending on the time when the visual distance is changed, i.e.

Abstract: A very strong plus symmetrical double aspheric lens is used as a condensing-image-forming lens for indirect ophthalmoscopy with the slit lamp biomicroscope. The patient is seated at the slit lamp biomicroscope with his head held firmly in position by the chin rest and head support. The light beam from the slit lamp, with its slit open fully, is directed at the indirect ophthalmoscopy lens of this invention which converges the light beam to an image of the light source at or near the center of the pupil of the eye. The light beam then diverges to illuminate the fundus of the eye. An inverted aerial image of the fundus of the eye is then formed by the lens of this invention of the light emerging from the eye and is viewed monocularly or binocularly and stereoscopically with the binocular biomicroscope of the slit lamp which can magnify the aerial image from 7 to 40 times.

Abstract: A slit lamp with surgical laser capability includes an x-y table. An optical micrometer, readily retrofittable onto existing slit lamps, is mounted on the x-y table to measure table displacement in the y direction. The measuring electronics are resettable to allow the operator to select any y position from which the displacement is to be algebraically measured. Compact display optics are retrofittably mounted on the ocular assembly of the slit lamp between the collimator and the eyepiece to insert a reduced image of an LED indicator displaying the measured data into the periphery of the ophthalmic image seen through the eyepiece. An LCD indicator displaying the same data is mounted on the x-y table to allow positioning of the table without looking into the eyepiece. The LED indicator lends itself to display of laser operational data in addition to positional data.

Abstract: A specular microscope in which the image of a slit aperture of an illumination optical system is formed at an endothelial cell layer of an eye to be examined and including a light intercepting plate having a main aperture and additional apertures adjacent said main aperture so that an image of the endothelial cell layer is formed at said main aperture and a reflection light reflected by a corneal surface of the eye is transmitted through said additional apertures of said light intercepting plate.

Abstract: A visual image screener for determining abnormality in living eyes particularly of infants and small children which has essential components of:(1) A light source consisting of a narrow annular reflector illuminated by an electronic flash tube.(2) A special photographic objective lens in which the first component of the lens is the limiting aperture of the system.(3) A flashing fixation light placed exactly on the optical axis.These components are assembled with the annular reflecting light source surrounding the camera objective so that the inner sharp edge of the reflector forms the limiting aperture of the entire lens system. The first component of the lens is perforated to permit the fixation light to be mounted in the optic axis and in the same plane as that occupied by the reflecting annulus or slit. These components are mounted on a standard single lens reflex camera body with a focal plane shutter.

Abstract: An Nd:YAG laser of small size with a passive quality switch is combined with a slit-lamp instrument, to form an ophthalmological combination instrument for diagnosis and treatment. By a plurality of pulses within a pulse train, which succeed each other within the .mu. sec range, particularly good therapeutic effects are obtained. A second laser, emitting continuous visible radiation, has its beam aligned with the beam of invisible radiation from the first laser, and shows the user at all times the location of the beam of invisible radiation. The visible beam of radiation is split into two beams separated from each other by a light-free zone, and there is provision for blocking and unblocking these two beams alternately, which produces an effect which greatly aids the user in accurate focusing. This combination instrument affords the user the possibility of making a diagnosis and following it immediately by treatment.

Abstract: In order to determine the visual acuity in the human eye in the presence of cataracts or other opacities, a conventional slit lamp microscope having an illumination source, an aperture illuminated thereby, and a converging lens, has been modified by the insertion of a target transparency having test figures thereon between the aperture and converging lens. The inclusion of a set of trial lenses positioned adjacent to the eye to neutralize refractive error, movement axially of the target transparency, and the inclusion of a telescopic optical system also axially adjustable is contemplated.

Abstract: A binocular ophthalmoscope of the type including an optical viewing system. The binocular ophthalmoscope includes a headgear adapted to be worn on the examiner's head for supporting the optical viewing system in optical alignment with the examiner's eyes and light source for illuminating a patient's eye which is slideably mounted on the headgear and movable in a lateral direction.

Abstract: An apparatus for subjectively measuring the refractive power of an eye includes obliquely disposed beam splitter means, diaphragm means provided on the reflection optical axis of the beam splitter means and having a pair of openings symmetric with the reflection optical axis, collimation mark means provided on the reflection optical axis of the beam splitter means and on the side opposite to the beam splitter means, first imaging lens means provided between the beam splitter means and the diaphragm means, second imaging lens means provided between the diaphragm means and the collimation mark means, rotating means for rotating an image of the openings of the diaphragm means about the reflection optical axis, means for varying the optical distance of the collimation mark means relative to the diaphragm means, first converter means for causing the angle of rotation of the rotating means to correspond to the direction of the astigmatism axis, and second converter means for causing the optical distance between the

Abstract: In a device for examining anterior sections of the eye, based on the Scheimpflug principle, an electric receiver is provided in the imaging-beam path for electronic evaluation of results of the examination. Various meridian sections in the patient's eye are produced by means of a rotatable prism. A fixation object and a graticule in the illumination beam path enable easy reproducibility of measurement results, as well as facilitating follow-up examinations which seek to observe the same eye for changes, from one examination to a later examination.

Abstract: An assembly for adapting any of several different models of commercially-available slit lamps (10) into an optic examination unit capable of being used for routine eye examinations and also capable of taking high quality photographs of what is being viewed through an ocular of the slit lamp. The assembly is comprised of an illumination means (30a, 30b, 30c) having both a steady light source (69) and a strobe source (80), a camera support arm (55) for supporting a camera (57) in proper position for taking photographs through an ocular (26a) of the slit lamp, an eyepiece adaptor housing (59) and a camera sleeve (56) adapted to be connected into the lens receiving opening of the camera.To assemble the present invention into a slit lamp, the original light source of the slit lamp is removed and is replaced with the present illumination source. The original eyepiece housing is removed and is replaced with the present eyepiece adaptor housing.

Abstract: A photocoagulator of the type having a light source device and an ophthalmoscope device. The light source device and the ophthalmoscope device are optically connected to each other by optical fiber means adapted to transmit the light.

Abstract: The invention contemplates structure for such combinable use of a portable ophthalmoscopy light and a portable stereomicroscope that components are readily convertible to selectively provide ophthalmoscope functions for examination of posterior regions of an eye, and slit-lamp functions for examination of anterior regions of the eye. Knob adjustment of the housing of the ophthalmoscopy light provides selective availability of circular and slit diaphragms, as well as filters, as appropriate to the particular kind of observation to be made.

Abstract: In an instrument for examination of the eye, which consists of a binocular telescopic magnifier and of an ophthalmological examination instrument, the main objective of the binocular telescopic magnifier is arranged in a swingable mount and can be swung out of the optical ray path. The mount is provided with a connecting piece to receive an ophthalmological instrument which can be swung into the ray path in the place of the main objective. In this way a rapid change is made possible from one diagnostic instrument to another, for instance from a slit lamp to an ophthalmometer.

Abstract: A compactly designable optical system for ophthalmological instruments comprising an illumination system so adapted as to illuminate a fundus with rays having passed through a ring slit and been focused on the cornea of an eyeball to be examined, and an observation/photographing system so adapted as to permit observing and photographing an image of said eyeball with a small reflector mirror arranged in said illumination system so as to be inclined with regard to the optical axis thereof and a relay lens for focusing the rays which are reflected by the fundus, passing through said objective lens and reflected by said small reflector mirror.

Abstract: An eye fundus camera including an illuminating system having two apertured masks. One of the masks has a pair of coaxial ring-shaped slits and located with respect to the objective lens in conjugate with the cornea of the patient's eye, whereas the other has a ring-shaped slit in conjugate with the iris of the eye. The arrangement is effective to provide an increased field angle with a substantially uniform illumination without having adverse effects of harmful reflections.

Abstract: The invention contemplates an improved ophthalmological instrument wherein photo slit-lamp function (for anterior-chamber examination of an eye) are combined with fundus-camera functions (for posterior-chamber examination of the eye), with important advantages of manipulating convenience and reduced cost. The invention is disclosed (a) for the case of a photo slit-lamp accessory for use with an existing fundus camera and (b) for the case of a more compact new instrument to serve both functions.