Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention include approaches for controlling light valve devices to improve the range and precision of the contrast ratio and the grayscale levels of a display used for visual field tests. In one embodiment, two or more illumination devices are used to enable the display device to display a wide range of contrast stimuli at precise illumination intensities over a fixed background illumination level. In another embodiment, the gamma curves of the display elements are adjusted to allow greater variations in the brightness of the display.

Abstract: A binocular indirect ophthalmoscope that is adapted to be worn on a wearer's head includes a headband and illumination housing having an illumination source and a viewer module wherein the viewer module is moveable between an in-use and an out-of-use position. A mounting assembly is provided for allowing the viewer module to be pivoted between the in-use and the out-of-use positions and also allows adjustment and locking to the wearer's face in the in-use position. The mounting assembly includes a magnetic securement of the viewer module in both the in-use and out-of-use positions. Part of the magnetic securement operates as an electrical contact to automatically provide power to the illumination source in the in-use position. An optical polarizer provides intensity adjustment of the light energy transmitted to the eye being examined. Preferably the illumination source is a light emitting diode.

Abstract: A vision testing system and method to assess vision function. In one embodiment, the vision testing system comprises: (1) a display; (2) a computer coupled to the display and configured to provide dynamic images, each including a substantially constant fixed point of fixation; and (3) a human input device coupled to the computer, wherein responses from a test subject are fed back to the computer to assess the test subject's vision function.

Abstract: A device for vision testing comprises a viewing position (6) and an image surface (5). The distance between the viewing position (6) and the image surface (5) is enclosed. The relation between the resolution of the image surface and the distance between the viewing position (6) and the image surface (5) is such that the angle of a point on the image surface (5) is less than or equal to 1 minute of arc seen from the viewing position (6).

Abstract: A vision-testing device is disclosed that measures glare, macular photostress, and the blue-field entopic phenomenon. Utilizing a mirror, the effective brightness of a small energy efficient light bulb is increased which allows a compact assembly. One embodiment places lights in the line of vision to closely duplicate the glare experience from on coming automobile headlights. The invention provides for testing glare under diffuse and focal lighting conditions which closely mimic environmental lighting conditions.

Abstract: A monitor is used to display a visual acuity test operated by software from an associated computer. A patient is spaced a predetermined distance from the monitor during the testing procedure, and individual, multiple LED housings are equally spaced about a center point of the monitor to direct light toward the patient during at least a portion of the test procedure. The light emanating from the individual housings is a diffuse, unfocused light to simulate glare, and the intensity of the light may be selectively altered. Conducting acuity testing under glare conditions determines if there is any reduction or fall off in the patient's acuity vision under such circumstances and provides an indication of whether the patient may require cataract surgery or has another ocular problem.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an illuminating apparatus for an operating microscope comprising two observation beam paths (152, 154) for a first observer (main surgeon) and two observation beam paths (156, 158) for a second observer (assisting surgeon), comprising an illuminating system (102; 106a, 108a, 172) and deflecting means (118, 120, 170), for deflecting light emanating from the illumination system onto an object (200) that is to be observed, wherein the deflecting device comprises a first deflecting element (118) which is associated with a first observation beam path (152) of the first observer and a first observation beam path (156) of the second observer, and a second deflecting element (120) which is associated with a second observation beam path (154) of the first observer and a second observation beam path (158) of the second observer.

Abstract: Described herein is a method for optimization of the conditions of execution of the vision contrast test and the corresponding system with which to implement said method so as to be able to guarantee optimal conditions throughout the test session even when not it is not possible to respect the standards. Furthermore, the method comprises a self-calibration procedure, which definitively eliminates the operations of calibration of the system by specialized centres.

Abstract: There is disclosed apparatus and method for a test of eye dominance of human subjects for which on each 10-sec trial, one eye starts with a strong image that gets progressively weaker or does not get progressively stronger, while, at the same time, the other eye gets a weak image that gets progressively stronger. The initially strong image will always be seen at the beginning and eventually vision will flip to the other eye's view once that image has achieved sufficient strength to overcome the dominance of the initially strong stimulus (which itself is getting progressively weaker). The subject indicates recognition of the strengthening image and the time is recorded. Results show that the test provides a reliable measure of eye dominance which is seen to vary considerably among people within a sample of normal adults.

Abstract: Described herein is a method for optimization of the conditions of execution of the vision contrast test and the corresponding system with which to implement said method so as to be able to guarantee optimal conditions throughout the test session even when not it is not possible to respect the standards. Furthermore, the method comprises a self-calibration procedure, which definitively eliminates the operations of calibration of the system by specialized centers.

Abstract: Diagnostic instruments, systems and methods for performing measurements on eyes are disclosed. In one embodiment of the instrument, a left ocular is disposed in a portion of a left visual path for the left eye, the left ocular positioned to permit the left eye to view a target, a right ocular is disposed in a portion of a right visual path for the right eye, the right ocular positioned to permit the right eye to view a target. The instrument can also include a wavefront sensor disposed on a translation stage, the wavefront sensor having an optical path to an imaging sensor, the translation stage being movable to position the optical path of the wavefront sensor in alignment with the portion of the left visual path in a first state and in alignment with the portion of the right visual path in a second state. One or more light sources are optionally provided for propagating light along a least part of the left and right visual paths to illuminate the left and right eyes.

Abstract: A vision testing device for measuring single or multiple visual functions consisting of an internally illuminated hand-held instrument, vision charts, vision correcting and occluding elements, a testing frame for holding combined vision correcting and blocking elements, and modular accessories.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention include approaches for controlling light valve devices to improve the range and precision of the contrast ratio and the grayscale levels of a display used for visual field tests. In one embodiment, two or more illumination devices are used to enable the display device to display a wide range of contrast stimuli at precise illumination intensities over a fixed background illumination level. In another embodiment, the gamma curves of the display elements are adjusted to allow greater variations in the brightness of the display.

Abstract: A visual acuity testing apparatus capable of performing visual acuity testing under substantially uniform conditions even when a test distance and an installation distance vary has a projection optical unit including a disk whereon a chart is placed, an illumination light source, and variable projection lenses which are moved so as to change an image-forming position and an image size of an image of the chart, an input unit into which an installation distance between the screen and the visual acuity testing apparatus and a test distance between the screen and an examinee are inputted, a projection lens driving unit which moves the variable projection lenses based on the installation distance and the test distance, and a light intensity adjusting unit which adjusts light intensity based on the installation distance and the test distance so that brightness of the chart image falls within a predetermined reference range.

Abstract: There is described in one embodiment an eye viewing device for viewing a structure of an eye such as a retina. The eye viewing device can include an image sensor. In one embodiment an eye viewing device can be adapted to facilitate both visual viewing of an eye structure and electronic image capture.

Abstract: An ophthalmologic examination apparatus has a main unit housing an illuminating optical system that illuminates a fundus of a subject's eye to be examined and an imaging optical system that images the illuminated eye fundus. First and second attachment units are removably and exchangeably mounted to the main unit for providing different ophthalmologic functions. The first attachment unit houses an imaging device that captures an image of the eye fundus via the imaging optical system housed in the main unit. The second attachment unit houses a light source that emits stimulating light for an electroretinogram and which is projected onto the eye fundus via the imaging optical system housed in the main unit.

Abstract: A goggle based light-weight VOG system includes an integral calibration laser and at least one digital camera connected to and powered by a laptop computer through a firewire connection. The digital camera may digitally center the pupil in both the X and Y directions. A calibration mechanism may be incorporated onto the goggle base. An EOG system may also be incorporated directly into the goggle. The VOG system may track and record 3-D movement of the eye, track pupil dilation, head position and goggle slippage. An animated eye display provides data in a more meaningful fashion. The VOG system is a modular design whereby the same goggle frame or base is used to build a variety of digital camera VOG systems.

Abstract: A binocular indirect opthalmoscope assembly and fixation light system is disclosed for easily directing the patient's line of sight in a direction that places the optic nerve and surrounding vessels in the center of the examiner's view. The fixation system includes two fixation light assemblies that may be mounted onto the binocular indirect opthalmoscope assembly and activated by a motion sensor.

Abstract: A device is used to determine the presence of and the amount (depth) of visual suppression in a subject. The device includes a first light source emitting a first light and a second light source emitting a second light. Intensities of the light sources are independently controllable. A first filter disposed over one eye of the subject allows transmission of the first light and prevents transmission of the second light. A second filter disposed over the other eye of the subject allows transmission of the second light and prevents transmission of the first light. In a method of using the device, the intensity of at least one of the first and second lights is independently controlled, wherein the difference in intensities of the first and second lights at which the lights appear to be at equal brightness to the subject determines the amount of visual suppression in the subject.

Abstract: Apparatus for improving the visual perception ability of a person with respect to a particular eye condition of at least one eye, includes a client terminal including display device for displaying images to the person, and an input device for inputting responses by the person to images displayed in said display device; and a processor system programmed such that in an evaluation phase, the processor controls said display device to display to the person a plurality of images selected to test the visual perception ability of the person with respect to at least one visual defect, and utilizes responses inputted by the person via said input device to select another plurality of images designed to improve the visual perception ability of the person with respect to a detected visual defect.

Abstract: An ophthalmic apparatus has an optical system for presenting a target to an examinee's eye through a lens, an optical system placed in an optical path of the target presenting optical system, for correcting a refractive error of the eye seeing the target, a switching unit arranged to switch an aperture size of a diaphragm, which is placed in a position substantially conjugate with a pupil with respect to the lens, between a first size corresponding to a pupil size of the eye in photopic vision and a second size larger than the pupil size in scotopic vision, an inputting unit arranged to generate a signal for switching the aperture size between the first and second sizes, and a control unit arranged to control driving of the switching unit based on the signal from the inputting unit to switch the aperture size between the first and second sizes.

Abstract: An anomaloscope for measuring and monitoring color vision, whereby gross and subtle color vision changes due to a disease process may be readily monitored over time. The device has a series of bicolor or red/green light sources presented in pairs with amber/yellow light sources, for comparison with the red/green light sources. By varying the mix of red and green light, a progression is established. A test subject indicates a perceived match between a pair consisting of a red/green light and a yellow light, to indicate the tester's sensitivity to color.

Abstract: A pupilometer comprises image capturing means, illumination means comprising two spaced apart light sources, stimulation means, and image processing software, the illumination means generating and emitting light of a first wave-length, and the stimulation means generating and emitting light of a second wavelength. The illumination means is arranged to one or both sides of said image capturing means and, in use, shines light towards the eyeball, the image processing software receiving data from the image capturing means, and by processing said data according to an algorithm establishes the distance between the surface of the eyeball and the camera.

Abstract: A vision testing system and method to assess vision function. In one embodiment, the vision testing system comprises: (1) a display; (2) a computer coupled to the display and configured to provide dynamic images, each including a substantially constant fixed point of fixation; and (3) a human input device coupled to the computer, wherein responses from a test subject are fed back to the computer to assess the test subject's vision function.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a program for optometry, which is used for a control device. The program includes a first unit to measure an amount of heterophoria of eyes of an examinee to be examined in a horizontal heterophoria examination, a second unit to display an operating method to allow the examinee to implement a Sheard criterion identifying examination on a display device, a third unit to allow the examinee to implement a convergent or divergent test of the eyes based on the operating method, and a fourth unit to calculate a prism amount for prescriptions based on the heterophoria amount and the convergence or divergence of the eyes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a visual stimulator, which comprises a light stimulation source, a regulable attenuator of light, mirrors for reflecting light and light detectors. The visual stimulator in accordance with the invention comprises a mirror chamber and a mirror tube constructed of mirrors in which the reflecting points of the mirrors form various angles with respect to each other, and which have been connected to each other such that light beams disperse from the mirror tube to the mirror chamber without hindrance regardless of the location of the object to be examined or a part of it in the mirror chamber and though the location of the object or a part of it would vary in certain limits in the mirror chamber, and that to one end of the mirror tube, viewed away from the mirror chamber a light stimulation source has been directed.

Abstract: An optotype presenting apparatus which presents an optotype for visual acuity test, the apparatus comprises: a display that is illuminated by a backlight and includes a light intensity changing device which changes backlight intensity; a background luminance selecting device which selects background luminance of the optotype among a plurality of preset levels, in which background luminance at each level corresponds to standard light intensity changing data in a changeable range determined by the light intensity changing device; and a correction device which corrects the standard light intensity changing data in the background luminance selecting device, the correction device including: an input device which inputs the background luminance measured by an illuminance meter, the measured background luminance being background luminance obtained when the light intensity changing device is operated based on the preset light intensity changing data; and a calculation device which determines correction light intensit

Abstract: The present method describes a new method for the measurement of dark adaptation. The dark adaptation status of subjects may ten be used to identify those subjects who are at risk of developing and/or who are currently suffering from a variety of disease states having their clinical manifestations in impaired dark adaptation. The disease states include, but are not limited to, age related macular degeneration, vitamin A deficiency, Sorsby's Fundus Dystrophy, late autosomal dominant retinal degeneration, retinal impairment related to diabetes and diabetic retinopathy. An apparatus for administering the test method described is also provided.

Abstract: A new light source (e.g. LEDs) enables new designs in all or some key elements within diagnostic instruments. New light sources allow improvements in life of light source, infra red emitted, power consumption, color temperature, light flux directionality, simplification of optics design, adaptation of light flux directionality, and overall constructional simplification. The new light source allows for the replacement of some or all of the components designed for incandescent filament bulbs. The improved light source may allow for either an entirely new design of all or some core modules of the instrument, or by alteration of pre-existing modules.

Abstract: A system for diagnostically evaluating the health of tissue within the fundus of an eye includes a fs laser source, an adaptive optical assembly, an imaging unit, and a computer. The adaptive optical assembly focuses a laser beam to a focal point in the fundus of the eye, and scans the fundus tissue according to a predetermined scanning pattern. Illumination of anisotropic tissue within the fundus, such as the photoreceptors and the Henle-fiber layer, induces a Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) response. Red photons, with a wavelength (?) of about 880 nm, are converted to blue photons, with a wavelength of ?/2, through the process of photon conversion. An imaging unit senses the blue photon return light, and uses the return light to generate an image of the fundus. The computer processes the image, and compares it to a template of healthy tissue to evaluate the health of the imaged tissue.

Abstract: This invention discloses methods and apparatus for generating an ophthalmic lens with at least a portion of one surface free formed from a reaction monomer mix.

Abstract: The perimeter comprises a display device 1, infrared light-emitting diodes 2, a CCD camera 3, a half mirror 4, an image processing device 5, a computer 6, and an operating switch 7. The computer 6 shows a fixed eye-target for fixing a line of sight of a subject and a light stimulus eye-target for giving a light stimulus to a pupil of the subject at a plurality of predetermined positions on the display device 1. The infrared light-emitting diodes 2 irradiate infrared light to an eye of the subject. The CCD camera 3 takes an image of the eye of the subject using the infrared light irradiated from the infrared light-emitting diodes 2. The image processing device 5 detects a pupil diameter of the subject based on the image taken by the CCD camera 3. The computer 6 measures a visual field of the subject based on the change of the pupil diameter of the subject detected by the image processing device 5.

Abstract: It is easy to perceive a stimulus in a central portion of a visual field rather than in a peripheral portion thereof, and it is easy to perceive the stimulus for a younger examinee rather than for an older examinee even if the stimulus having the same luminance is indicated. In the perimeter according to the invention, the stimuli are indicated at various positions of a visual field dome, and the luminance of the stimulus is gradually raised before obtaining a response from an examinee through an operation switch. A value of the luminance of the indicated stimulus is set according to the position of the indicated stimulus and an age of the examinee, and the measurement accuracy is correct, thereby.

Abstract: A goggle based light-weight VOG system includes at least one digital camera connected to and powered by a laptop computer through a firewire connection together with an integral visual light stimulus source. The digital camera may digitally center the pupil in both the X and Y directions. A calibration mechanism may be incorporated onto the goggle base. An EOG system may also be incorporated directly into the goggle. The VOG system may track and record 3-D movement of the eye, track pupil dilation, head position and goggle slippage. An animated eye display provides data in a more meaningful fashion. The VOG system is a modular design whereby the same goggle frame or base is used to build a variety of digital camera VOG systems.

Abstract: A contrast chart device of the present invention comprises a contrast target presenting part for presenting a contrast target for a contrast sensitivity test at prescribed timing; a pupil data measuring part for producing an image of an anterior ocular segment of a subject and measuring the diameter or area of a pupil region in the anterior ocular segment; and a measurement timing forming part for forming timing at which the pupil data measuring part performs measurement.

Abstract: A method of improving the visual perception ability of a person by: displaying to the person in at least one evaluation sessions a plurality of images selected to test the visual perception ability of the person with respect to a visual defect, and to elicit responses from the person indicative of the level of the person's visual perception ability with respect thereto; and by utilizing the responses to select another plurality of images designed to treat the person with respect to a detected visual defect; applying training glasses with reduced refraction for the respective eye, and displaying to person another plurality of images in treatment sessions until the visual perception ability of the person has been improved.

Abstract: An optotype presenting apparatus which presents an optotype for visual acuity test, the apparatus comprises: a display that is illuminated by a backlight and includes a light intensity changing device which changes backlight intensity; a background luminance selecting device which selects background luminance of the optotype among a plurality of preset levels, in which background luminance at each level corresponds to standard light intensity changing data in a changeable range determined by the light intensity changing device; and a correction device which corrects the standard light intensity changing data in the background luminance selecting device, the correction device including: an input device which inputs the background luminance measured by an illuminance meter, the measured background luminance being background luminance obtained when the light intensity changing device is operated based on the preset light intensity changing data; and a calculation device which determines correction light intensit

Abstract: The optometry apparatus includes an index projecting optical system for projecting an index for cross cylinder test to an eye for shortening examination time, a variable cross cylinder lens disposed on an optical axis of the index projecting optical system, for forming one pair of projection images of the index by switching of an astigmatic axial angle while predetermined astigmatic power is set, a joystick lever and a button used to input a result of comparison between appearance states of the pair of projection images of the index, and an initial value setting unit for determining an astigmatic axial angle of the variable cross cylinder lens to cause one of the pair of projection images of the index visually recognized and to cause the other thereof in a blurred state based on objective values of astigmatic power and an astigmatic axial angle of the eye, measured in advance, and for setting the determined astigmatic axial angle as an initial value for astigmatic axial angle measurement.

Abstract: A vision test apparatus includes a viewing assembly connected to a chassis wherein the viewing assembly creates an optical path between an image display and at least one front lens. A near/far assembly includes a secondary lens selectively operable with the front lens to create virtual visual distances. An optional transparent panel intersects the optical path and operates at least partially obscure the image display so that the vision testing apparatus has a means to isolate a portion of the image display. A lifting mechanism is operable to raise or lower the viewing assembly for patients of various heights. The viewing apparatus is also rotatable independently of said chassis to present natural lines of sight to a patient during near and far testing.

Abstract: According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a measurement apparatus for measuring a property of an eye of a subject, having a target arranged to be viewed by the subject, the target including a first light and a second light arranged to undergo a modulation in anti-phase, the modulation decreasing from an initial modulation frequency at which an initial flicker of the first light and second light is not perceivable by the subject; and an indication device allowing the subject to indicate when a flicker is perceived, the modulation frequency at which the subject indicates that the flicker is perceived being defined as a threshold modulation frequency.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for performing a contrast vision test on a subject in order to determine a contrast sensitivity function. According to said method, an image of a continuous sinusoidal grid is presented to the subject for viewing, the spatial frequency continuously changes in the direction of a first axis, and the contrast continuously changes in the direction of a second axis that extends perpendicular to the first axis. The subject's contrast sensitivity function is defined by means of a curve that encloses an area of the sinusoidal grid in which the subject perceives the sinusoidal grid pattern during viewing.

Abstract: The perimeter comprises a display device 1, infrared light-emitting diodes 2, a CCD camera 3, a half mirror 4, an image processing device 5, a computer 6, and an operating switch 7. The computer 6 shows a fixed eye-target for fixing a line of sight of a subject and a light stimulus eye-target for giving a light stimulus to a pupil of the subject at a plurality of predetermined positions on the display device 1. The infrared light-emitting diodes 2 irradiate infrared light to an eye of the subject. The CCD camera 3 takes an image of the eye of the subject using the infrared light irradiated from the infrared light-emitting diodes 2. The image processing device 5 detects a pupil diameter of the subject based on the image taken by the CCD camera 3. The computer 6 measures a visual field of the subject based on the change of the pupil diameter of the subject detected by the image processing device 5.

Abstract: There is described in one embodiment an eye viewing device for viewing a structure of an eye such as a retina. The eye viewing device can include an image sensor. In one embodiment an eye viewing device can be adapted to facilitate both visual viewing of an eye structure and electronic image capture.

Abstract: A first movement unit for moving a condensing position so that a light flux from a light source is condensed on a place close to a retina of a subject eye, and a second movement unit for optically moving a conversion member for condensing a light flux reflected by the retina and a light receiving part for receiving light fluxes can be independently driven and can be further driven by an operation of an operator. First, an arithmetic part adjusts a projection side and a light receiving side based on first signals from the light receiving part. In a case where an independent mode is selected, the projection side and the light receiving side are adjusted automatically or manually. Further, the arithmetic part measures a characteristic of the eye in accordance with adjusted measurement conditions.

Abstract: Provided is an ophthalmologic image taking apparatus with which an image of the eye to be examined can be taken with an appropriate light intensity and at an appropriate gain. In the case where an observation of an eye to be examined is conducted when it is detected that an image taking switch is turned on, an image taking light source emits light after a lapse of a predetermined time. The predetermined time is a time required to completely switch a gain from a gain obtained by AGC to a fixed gain and a time which is not influenced by blinking of the eye to be examined.

Abstract: An improved sequential scanning method and apparatus for measuring wavefront aberration involves angularly displacing a measurement beam from a parallel beam striking the corneal surface at a desired location and using the displacement of an image on a detector between the angularly displaced beam and a reference beam to obtain a more accurate wavefront measurement than provided by the displacement between the parallel beam and a reference beam conventionally used for such wavefront aberration measurement. A method and related apparatus for determining a retinal topography relies on using the improved measurement method and apparatus in conjunction with other ocular data to determine changes in the bulbous length of the eye based upon retinal image displacement.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a program for optometry, which is used for a control device. The program includes a first unit to measure an amount of heterophoria of eyes of an examinee to be examined in a horizontal heterophoria examination, a second unit to display an operating method to allow the examinee to implement a Sheard criterion identifying examination on a display device, a third unit to allow the examinee to implement a convergent or divergent test of the eyes based on the operating method, and a fourth unit to calculate a prism amount for prescriptions based on the heterophoria amount and the convergence or divergence of the eyes.

Abstract: A method of sensory training and testing systems focusing upon the development of pre-attentive and attentive vision for the enhancement of the individual's ability to perform specific functions.

Abstract: A system for approximating flux density of light on a human retina. A housing has an opening allowing light to pass to inside the housing. A baffle coupled to the housing replicates a facial cutoff function response for the light inside the housing. Two detectors are positioned to detect the light inside the housing. One detector produces a photopic spectral response function of the light inside the housing that approximately replicates a spectral response of the foveal cones in the retina. Another detector produces a scotopic spectral response function of the light inside the housing that approximately replicates a spectral response of rods in the retina. A processor coupled to the detectors calculates a mesopic flux density of the light inside the housing based on the photopic and scotopic spectral response functions.

Abstract: An eye characteristic measuring apparatus can effectively and properly measure and display wavefront aberration of an eye regardless of the eye state. A first illumination optical system (200A) illuminates a small area on a retina of the eye by a first light flux from a first light source unit (100). A first reception light optical system (300A) leads a part of light flux reflected from the retina (61) to a first light reception unit (510) via a first conversion member (400) for converting the reflected light flux into at least 17 beams. A measurement data judgment unit, for example, judges whether the measurement data is appropriate for calculating the wavefront aberration according to a first signal from the first light reception unit (510). For example, when the measurement data judgment unit judges that the measurement data is not appropriate, a first correction unit causes to display a check correction screen which will be detailed later and corrects the data into appropriate measurement data.