Abstract: A method, a computer program, and a device for determining at least one astigmatic effect of at least one eye of a person are disclosed, as well as a related method for producing at least one spectacle lens for the at least one eye of the person. The method for determining the astigmatic effect includes: a) displaying an image to an eye of the person, the image including a line with a plurality of sections, wherein an orientation of each section with respect to an optical axis of the image differs from each other, respectively; b) recording a reaction of the person to the image at at least one point in time; and c) determining at least one value for at least one astigmatic effect of at least one eye of the person by evaluating the at least one reaction of the person at the point in time.

Abstract: An optical measurement device and an optical measurement method are provided. The optical measurement device includes a test backplane, a light emitter, a center point detector and a movement device. The movement device is provided on the test backplane, and configured to carry a to-be-tested sample. The light emitter is configured to display a first center point on the to-be-tested sample, and the first center point corresponds to a center point of the test backplane. The center point detector is configured to detect a second center point and display the second center point on the to-be-tested sample, and the second center point is a center point of the to-be-tested sample. The movement device is further configured to move the to-be-tested sample, such that the first center point and the second center point coincide with each other.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an eyesight examination method, an eyesight examination device, and a downloader server for storing a program of the eyesight examination method, the eyesight examination method comprising the steps of: displaying an optotype image and a plurality of reference images; receiving a response to the optotype image; and determining whether a reference image determined on the basis of the response from among the plurality of reference images has the same shape as the optotype image, wherein one of the plurality of reference images has the same shape as the optotype image.

Abstract: A measurement apparatus for measuring aberration based on return light of measuring light radiated to an object, includes a light source configured to emit the measuring light, a focusing unit configured to focus the measuring light on the object, an acquisition unit configured to acquire, from a storage unit, information indicating a state of the focusing unit corresponding to identification information of a specific object, and a control unit configured to control the focusing unit based on the acquired information indicating the state of the focusing unit.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus are presented for determining ocular motor function in a patient. The patient is instructed to wear a pair of test glasses comprising a first lens having a first color and a second lens having a second color, where the first color and the second color differ. (N) light-emitting devices disposed in a screen are then activated in seriatim, where the (N) light-emitting devices can emit a light comprising the first color and where (N) is greater than 1. (N) images of the screen are synchronously captured upon receiving a signal from the patient indicating an activated light-emitting device is illuminated by a light comprising the second color. Finally, the (N) images are transformed into an ocular motor functioning map.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus are presented for determining ocular motor function in a patient. The patient is instructed to wear a pair of test glasses comprising a first lens having a first color and a second lens having a second color, where the first color and the second color differ. A light comprising a first color is projected onto a vertical surface, where the location of the light can be moved on the vertical surface. For each value of (i), an (i)th fixation point is then projected on the vertical surface, where the (i)th fixation point is one of (N) total fixation points and comprises the second color. For each value of (i), a perceived location is recorded upon receiving a signal that the (i)th fixation point is illuminated by the light. Finally, the (N) perceived locations are transformed into an ocular motor function map.

Abstract: A measurement device for measuring a characteristic reading distance of an individual in a natural posture for near vision, includes a movable reading medium presenting a plane display portion suitable for displaying signs and a measurement subassembly including at least one ultrasound emitter member and at least one ultrasound receiver member. The emitter and receiver members are carried by the reading medium, and at least one of the members, referred to as the first measurement member possesses a measurement axis along which emission or reception by the first measurement member is privileged and that is inclined relative to the plane of the display portion by an angle lying in the range 10 degrees to 80 degrees or that is inclinable relative to this plane of the display portion at least over an angular range extending from 10 degrees to 80 degrees.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus are presented for determining ocular motor function in a patient. The patient is instructed to wear a pair of test glasses comprising a first lens having a first color and a second lens having a second color, where the first color and the second color differ. (N) light-emitting devices disposed in a screen are then activated in seriatim, where the (N) light-emitting devices can emit a light comprising the first color and where (N) is greater than 1. (N) images of the screen are synchronously captured upon receiving a signal from the patient indicating an activated light-emitting device is illuminated by a light comprising the second color. Finally, the (N) images are transformed into an ocular motor functioning map.

Abstract: An optometric apparatus for a subjective binocular visual performance test includes right and left test units including right and left housings, a plurality of optical elements disposed in the right and left housings, right and left test windows provided to the housings, in which desired optical elements selected from the optical elements are to be placed and through the selected optical elements, an optotype is presented to examinee's right and left eyes by an optotype presenting apparatus, right and left polarization plates having polarization axes perpendicular to each other and arranged to be placed in the test windows, and right and left protective covers arranged to be placed in the test windows at a side facing the optotype presenting apparatus and having polarization optical characteristics of changing circularly polarized light that passes through the right and left protective covers into linearly polarized light having polarization axes perpendicular to each other.

Abstract: A method, system and apparatus are provided for portable evaluation of metamophopsia. The method, system and apparatus includes a computer application capable of making any handset or portable display terminal into a portable electronic eye evaluation unit, including clinician's and/or automated assistance, test evaluation and re-test if required.

Abstract: A vision testing device for measuring single or multiple visual functions consisting of an internally illuminated hand-held instrument, vision charts, vision correcting and occluding elements, a testing frame for holding combined vision correcting and blocking elements, and modular accessories.

Abstract: An optotype presenting apparatus for presenting an optotype to be used for testing a visual function of an eye of an examinee, the apparatus comprises: a display unit including a memory in which a plurality of optotypes is stored and a display on which at least one of the stored optotypes is displayed; an operation unit by which at lest one of the stored optotypes to be displayed on the display is selected; a pilot lamp placed to be visible by the examinee who is in front of the display; and a control unit which turns on the pilot lamp when the display unit is powered on and the display is in an off-state, and turns off the pilot lamp when the display unit is powered on and the display is in an on-state.

Abstract: An instrument stand for supporting ophthalmological instruments. The instrument stand may include a console housing configured to receive differently-configured electronics modules. In addition to, or instead of, the interchangeable electronics modules, the console housing may also be provided with a removable shelf that is resistant to unintentional removal during use. In addition to, or instead of, the interchangeable electronics modules and removable shelf, the instrument stand may also include a support arm having a cutout on different surfaces so that a panel carrying electrical inserts may be positioned in the cutout on one of the surfaces, while covering the unused cutout on the other surface with a blank panel.

Abstract: The apparatus provides an improved modified slit lamp assembly light source base and vertical support frame assemblies comprising chin and headrest vertical support legs wherein at least a lower portion of the chin rest vertical supports have been modified in at least a substantially widened fashion. The lower portion of the supports is further modified to jut back or bend away from a seated patient and toward the encroaching base of the slit lamp assembly to provide upper body accommodation while at the same time preventing a patient's upper body to encroach the base of the slit lamp. The assembly's chin/head support frame is mounted on a pivotal tabletop having a pivotal connection means, wherein the pivotal tabletop comprises a plurality of cut-out shapes each working in cooperative conjunction with the modified assemblies to accommodate obese, large-breasted patients and patients with degenerative back disorders, as well as obese doctors.

Abstract: An eye examination device includes an eye examination unit for examining or measuring an eye of an examinee; a carrying case including a first housing part for housing the eye examination unit and a base part which mounts thereon the eye examination unit; a horizontal movement unit which moves the eye examination unit in a horizontal direction with respect to the base part; and a vertical movement unit which moves the eye examination unit in a vertical direction with respect to the base part.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a system and method for accurately displaying superimposed images on a display screen of a computer. The method includes storing a base image having a first feature and a second feature in a storage device of a computer. Data is received which is indicative of a full-scale dimension between the first feature and the second feature. The base image is scaled to have a predefined dimension between the first feature and the second feature when displayed. An accessory image is scaled based upon at least a ratio between the predefined dimension and the full-scale dimension. The scaled accessory image is superimposed onto the scaled base image and displayed to a system user.

Abstract: An image display apparatus has a display section for displaying an image, an eyepiece optical system, and a transparent plate-shaped member for holding the eyepiece optical system. The image display apparatus is used with the eyepiece optical system placed in front of a viewer's eyes and with the plate-shaped member facing the eyes. The image display apparatus directs light from the display section through the eyepiece optical system to the eyes so that the viewer is presented with a virtual image of the image displayed on the display section and simultaneously permits light from the outside world to be transmitted through the plate-shaped member so as to be directed to the eyes so that the viewer is presented with an image of the outside world. The boundary surface between the eyepiece optical system and the plate-shaped member is so arranged as not to reflect light from the outside world incident thereon at angles of incidence greater than the Brewster angle toward the eyes.

Abstract: An eye examination device includes an eye examination unit for examining or measuring an eye of an examinee; a carrying case including a first housing part for housing the eye examination unit and a base part which mounts thereon the eye examination unit; a horizontal movement unit which moves the eye examination unit in a horizontal direction with respect to the base part; and a vertical movement unit which moves the eye examination unit in a vertical direction with respect to the base part.

Abstract: A computer controlled subjective refractor includes a microcomputer based remote hand control connected to an enclosure which houses the optical elements of the refractor and which controls their operation for the examination of a patient. The enclosure has a beam splitter extending at its bottom and a forehead rest extending near its bottom such that a patient's eyes are positioned near the bottom of the enclosure to view into the beam splitter and thereby materially reduce accommodation which would otherwise interfere with the accurate refracting of the patient's eyes. Movement and position location of the optical elements are achieved through a microcomputer based electronic controller which is in communication with the microcomputer remote hand control. Additionally, a microcomputer based target projector assembly may be used to selectively project any of a wide number of images comprised of eye charts and the like for testing the patient's vision.

Abstract: A portable visual acuity testing system and method is used to measure the visual acuity of a person being tested. The portable visual acuity testing system includes a portable visual acuity testing structure and a plurality of interchangeable image display cards adapted to be engaged with the structure. Each image display card includes one or more images, such as a Snellen letter or Allen figure, of a predetermined size. A distance measurer, such as an ultrasonic distance measuring device is included within the portable visual acuity testing structure. When the portable visual acuity testing device is positioned at a distance from the person being tested at which the person can see or visually recognize the image, the distance measurer is activated to automatically and accurately measure the distance to the person being tested.

Abstract: A lightweight, pocket-sized, hand-held near vision test apparatus that selectively retroilluminates different near vision test objects located on an interchangeable near vision test card, or alternatively, selectively displays near vision test objects on a flat panel display screen. The apparatus allows the examiner to electronically direct the patient's attention to selected near vision test objects, while providing a baseline amount of contrast illumination.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for measuring the visual acuity and refraction of the human eye during and immediately after ocular surgery. The method includes supporting a measuring means anterior to, and in line with the visual axis of, the eye and measuring the visual acuity of the eye using patient responses to visual prompts. The apparatus includes an elongate housing having an ocular aperture. A collimating lens is positioned within the housing adjacent to the ocular aperture and a resolution target is located above the collimating lens. A light source is used to illuminate the resolution target. The distance from the collimating lens to the target is adjustable, and refractive shift is indicated.

Abstract: An optometer including a main body which has an observation window having a center axis, a rotary optotype disk having circumferentially arranged optotypes and disposed within the main body such that the optotype disk is rotatable about a rotary shaft so that one of the optotypes is brought into alignment with the center axis and viewed through the window, a driving disk rotatable about the center axis and rotatably supporting the rotary shaft such that the rotary shaft is parallel to and radially offset from the center axis, a rotary actuator for rotating the driving disk, and a stationary disk fixed within the main body coaxially with the driving disk and engaging the rotary shaft so as to cause rotation of the optotype disk about the rotary shaft when said driving disk is rotated about the center axis by the rotary actuator.

Abstract: An optometric apparatus includes an operating table and a vision test chart displaying device provided internally within the operating table. An optical group, including a plurality of reflection-type optical elements, are disposed within the operating table. The optical group repeatedly reflects an optical image of the vision test chart projected from the vision test chart displaying device along an optical path within said operating table. A first deflecting optical element reflects the optical image of the vision test chart reflected by the reflection-type optical element group outside the operating table in a first direction. A second deflecting optical element then reflects the optical image of the vision test chart reflected by the first deflecting optical element in a second direction toward the examinee's eyes.

Abstract: A device for testing vision potential of humans comprises an enclosure containing two transparent areas through one surface, two pairs of rollers, means for turning one of the rollers, a length of material fitted around the two pairs of rollers in snug engagement therewith so that by operating the means for turning one of the rollers the material moves around the two pairs of rollers, said material having a series of vision testing lines of indicia sized to test visual acuity from 20/20 to 20/200, each of said lines being visible in one area and each of said lines having on the material and visible through the other area markings from 20/20 to 20/200. Two sources of illumination are disposed within the enclosure, one illumination source being disposed in a position to illuminate the line of indicia and the other being positioned to illuminate the series of numbers from 20/20 to 20/200.

Abstract: An examining device is provided which quickly and easily determines the "sidedness" of an individual's eyes. The device has a viewing port and conical opaque sidewalls which converge to a small diameter viewing port. The device is constructed so that the individual being tested can see with both eyes an object just beyond the end of the viewing port, but cannot see with both eyes an object which is relatively further away from the viewing port. A first blocking device is provided for alternatively blocking and unblocking the right eye line of sight of the person being examined. A second blocking device is provided for alternatively blocking and unblocking the left eye line of sight of the person being examined. The device is used by asking the individual being examined to look through the device to an object which is located relatively far beyond the end of the viewing port. While the device is held steady, the first blocking device is used to block the right eye line of sight.

Abstract: The apparatus of this invention is intended for observation and treatment of a patient, in particular for ophthalmological cases. Such apparatus includes an arrangement (10) for ophthalmological observation and treatment, means (12) for effecting positioning and adjustment of said arrangement (10), an underframe (14) for supporting the means (12) and said arrangement (10) as well as a head rest system (16). In this apparatus the means (12) comprises jointed means permitting rotation of the arrangement (10) around a horizontal axis. The apparatus is applied for observing and treating the eyes of a patient who may be seated or recumbent.

Abstract: A visual deficiency screening system (8) includes a display (14) and a means (10, 18) for generating a series of randomly differing images (12). A hood (24) and eyepiece (26) are provided for properly positioning a test subject relative to the display (14).

Abstract: A portable screen assembly for use in combination with a series of visual acuity testing cards to test the visual acuity of an infant or otherwise functionally young (handicapped) person requiring to be held by another person comprises a three-panel screen wherein two side panels are hingedly connected to a main panel in such manner that they can be moved from folded positions overlying the back face of the main panel to positions wherein each defines a predetermined obtuse angle with the front side of the panel. A removable and collapsible brace connects the upper free corners of the side panels to hold the screen assembly in its erected position, and this brace cooperates with the main panel and a bracket of rod material to support a shield which blocks the line of view between the person holding the person under test and an opening in the main panel where successive acuity testing cards are presented to the person under test.

Abstract: Pre-literate children are screened for amblyopia utilizing a simple device. A pair of eyepieces are mounted by a static structure so that the fields of view through the eyepieces are segregated. A card having two different, spaced pictorial representations of common physical objects or beings is mounted to the static structure so that the pictorial representations are visible through the eyepieces. If the pre-literate child is not able to accurately report both of the different pictorial representations on the card, the child is sent for more detailed testing.

Abstract: A visual acuity testing apparatus is herein disclosed which comprises a test chart displayer having a display surface pointing to an upward direction; a first reflector, for downwardly reflecting a light beam from the test chart displayer, disposed above the displayer; and a second reflector for reflecting the light beam, reflected by the first reflector, towards eyes to be tested.Said test chart displayer and the first reflector for reflecting and propagating the light beam from the displayer are contained in a leg of a table and the second reflector for reflecting the light beam from the first reflector towards the eyes to be tested is supported by a supporting arm of the table.

Abstract: A vision tester having a casing horizontally adjustable with respect to a base. Inside the casing a rotating drum has a first end rotatably fixed to the casing and a second end unconnected to the casing and having an open portion. An illumination device is removably mounted to the casing and inserted inside the rotating drum through the open portion. The illumination device provides illunination to a plurality of test slides mounted to the surface of the rotating drum. A viewing device is mounted to the casing and provides left and right lenses simulating a far vision of the illuminated test slide. A pair of near vision lenses is rotatably mounted inside the viewing device and may be rotated to overlap the far vision lenses to simulate a near vision of the test slide. Peripheral vision is tested by light provided from an illumination source through fiber optic cables to peripheral vision test locations on the viewing device.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for eye sight examination, allowing to test both of the patient's eyes, especially to detect his common failures and vision defects, for far and close vision, and eventually intermediary distance vision.The test-image are borne by at least one ribbon or band mounted in a block of two winding spools, housed in a body forming an easily removable tape box of an adequate support of body of the apparatus.The invention applies to the automatic or semi-automatic detection of visual defects of a patient.

Abstract: The invention refers to an arrangement for the carrying out of eye examinations by means of an optotype mask which is illuminated from behind. It consists therein that the optotype mask is arranged in front of the picture screen of a video tube which serves as source of illumination and that means are provided by which the picture-screen presentation can be controlled with respect to brightness, color, contrast, partial or full surface illumination and blending-in of additional static or moving structures in order to carry out different eye tests. In this connection the optotype masks may be exchangeable or be moved over the picture-screen surface by a mechanical drive between different eye tests. Furthermore, the optotype mask may consist of flexible material which may be moved past the surface of the picture screen between different eye tests.

Abstract: A fixation device having primary utility in testing children's eyes is disclosed. The device comprises employing remote control of a variety of fixation targets to maintain the attention of the child-patient.

Abstract: The invention relates to a displacement system for ophthalmologic examination units constituted of an instrument base section and an accessory section for mounting three ophthalmologic devices, said accessory section being connected by two lever means to said base section to enable displacement of the former relative to the latter from a first end position via an intermediate position into a second end position in the latter two positions relative to the said first end position the accessory section is displaced in parallel and at right angles relative to the base section so that the accessory section projects past over the base section. In this manner the opthalmologic devices are brought into an operation position in front of a patient and operator. A further lever system in combination with the lever means pivots a head rest to a patient in the intermediate and second end position, which head rest remains unchanged even when the ophthalmologic devices are changed for operation.

Abstract: A compact refraction instrument for use in both the objective and subjective examination of human eyes. The instrument incorporates an alignment mode, a retinoscopy mode, a distance mode and near mode. For carrying out the functions associated with these modes, the instrument includes a Brewster stereoscope and a system for supporting a plurality of binocular/monocular vision testing slides. Positioned along the pair of optical paths between the Brewster stereoscope and the slide supporting system are: a first mask/septum system; a mode change system; a second mask/septum system; and a horizontal/vertical target mask system. The instrument also includes a refractor system and apparatus for suspending the refractor system in the optical paths before the Brewster stereoscope. The slide supporting system includes two rotatable concentric drums. The mode change system includes a first mirror for folding the optical paths when the instrument is used for subjective testing at a distance and near vision testing.

Abstract: An optical testing and exercising device including a stereo film viewer having a pair of eyepieces and one or more lenses which can be interposed along the user's line of sight to change the apparent distance of an image. The viewer also includes a housing with a pair of juxtaposed eyepieces and an opening to receive a film having a series of frames bearing images to be viewed. A frame advancing mechanism advances successive frames of the film into the line of sight of the device for viewing by the user through the juxtaposed eyepieces. The frame advancing mechanism also changes one or more lenses mounted in the housing between the eyepieces and the film receiving opening into the viewer's line of sight. The interposed lenses can be utilized for various effects, such as to change the apparent distance of the image from the viewer, thus causing the eye muscles to be exercised.

Abstract: A compact refraction instrument for use in both the objective and subjective examination of human eyes. The instrument incorporates an alignment mode, a retinoscopy mode, a distance mode and near mode. For carrying out the functions associated with these modes, the instrument includes a Brewster stereoscope and a system for supporting a plurality of binocular/monocular vision testing slides. Positioned along the pair of optical paths between the Brewster stereoscope and the slide supporting system are: a first mask/septum system; a mode change system; a second mask/septum system; and a horizontal/vertical target mask system. The instrument also includes a refractor system and apparatus for suspending the refractor system in the optical paths before the Brewster stereoscope. The slide supporting system includes two rotatable concentric drums. Each drum is formed from a plurality of vision testing slide holders supported between a pair of ring gear members. The drums are supported by at least two shafts.