Abstract: A reflective film used as a reflective electrode or a reflector, comprising an Ag-based alloy containing rare earth metals. The reflective film has high reflectivity and high durability.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to form a projecting image of smooth image quality inconspicuous in a joint in a stable state. With respect to image light passing through a second birefringent plate 28j set to a first state, an image light portion branched by a first birefringent plate 28i is further branched in the Y-direction. An image IM3 constructed by an original pixel PX0, a pixel PX2 corresponding to its branching image, and a black matrix area BA is formed on a screen. With respect to the image light passing through a second birefringent plate 28j set to a second state, the image light once branched by the first birefringent plate 28i is returned in the ?Y direction. As this result, an image constructed by the black matrix area BA and an image provided by overlapping the branching image of the original pixel PX0 with the original pixel PX0 is formed on the screen. Namely, the same image IM3? as an original image IM1 is formed on the screen.

Abstract: An optical reflector is positionable between one or more light sources and one or more spatial light modulators (SLM's) within a digital projection system. The optical reflector includes a substrate having a surface to render non-uniform light from the light sources to the SLM's more uniform with one reflection off the substrate, and a number of facets within the surface of the substrate.

Abstract: The present invention provides an image projecting device for projecting projecting light corresponding to image information by projecting means. The image projecting device includes at least scanning monitoring means for monitoring entrance of an entering object into a projecting area on which the projecting light is projected. The scanning monitoring means monitors at least a part of outer edges of the projecting area on which the projecting light from the projecting means is projected.

Abstract: A highly efficient projection system and a color scrolling method are provided. In the color scrolling method, first, an optical splitter splits a beam emitted from a light source into individual color beams. Next, a rectangular light valve is disposed such that its long axis is along the direction into which the optical splitter splits the beam. Thereafter, the individual color beams are scrolled in the long axial direction of the light valve. The color scrolling in the long axial direction can increase light efficiency much more than a color scrolling performed in a short axial direction.

Abstract: A system for producing modulated light is disclosed. The system comprises a spatial light modulator including a light modulating medium switchable between different states so as to act on light in ways which form overall patterns of modulated light. The system also includes an arrangement for switching the modulating medium between the different states in a controlled way and an illumination arrangement for producing a source of light. The system further includes an optics arrangement for directing light from the source of light into the spatial light modulator and for directing light from the spatial light modulator through a predetermined source imaging area. The optics arrangement cooperates with the illumination arrangement and the spatial light modulator so as to produce a real image of the source of light within the source imaging area such that an individual is able to view a virtual image of the overall patterns of modulated light from the source imaging area.

Abstract: An illumination system for an extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography system may include multiple sources of EUV light. The system may combine the light from the multiple sources when illuminating a mask.

Abstract: A scrolling unit and a projection system using the same are provided. The scrolling unit is formed by spirally arranging on an outer circumferential surface of a column-like plate at least one lens cell which separates the incident light into a plurality of beams. As the scrolling unit rotates about a predetermined rotating axis, a lens array, defined by an area of the scrolling unit through which light passes, moves rectilinearly. Due to the use of the scrolling unit, a simple projection system can be obtained, and color scrolling is easily performed.

Abstract: An optical component casing (40) that houses a plurality of optical components including a reflection mirror (424) and disposes the plurality of optical components on a planarly defined illumination optical axis (L1) has a holder (81) that holds the reflection mirror (424) and a housing main body (401) that houses the other optical components. A bulging portion (816) bulging in an out-plane direction of the reflection mirror (424) is formed on a side of the holder (81) opposite to the side on which the reflection mirror (424) is attached, the bulging portion (816) pivotally moving on the inner surface of the housing main body (401) to rotate the holder (81) relative to the housing main body (401), where a rotation center (P) of the holder (81) is substantially coincident with an intersecting point (Q) of the illumination optical axis (L1) and a reflection surface (424A) of the reflection mirror (424).

Abstract: An image display apparatus discloed includes a condensing optical system changing illumination light from a light source converging light; separation optical system having separation optical member reflecting color light component in specific wavelength range of the converging light and transmitting color light components the other wavelength ranges; a plurality of image display devices illuminated by a plurality of color flight components separated by the color separation optical system, respectively, color combination optical system image light components from the plurality of image plurality combining colors emanating and display devices; projection optical system for projecting image light components combined by the color combination optical system on surface on which projection is performed, light incident color separation optical member forms an angle smaller than 45 degrees with a normal to light incident surface of the color separation optical member.

Abstract: A projection optical system having a plurality of reflecting surfaces is disclosed in which a sufficiently large angle is provided between an incident side reference axis and an emerging side reference axis while tilt angles of the respective reflecting surfaces can remain small. The projection optical system projects luminous flux from an image forming element which forms an original image onto a projection surface. The incident side reference axis and the emerging side reference axis of the projection optical system are oblique to each other. The projection optical system has a plurality of reflecting surfaces each having a curvature. The reflecting surfaces are arranged such that the reference axis has at least one intersection in the projection optical system.

Abstract: A color-separating and -recombining optical system provided between a light source and a projection lens in a projection display, has at least one prism assembly made up of at least two prisms bonded to each other with a bonding layer formed between the prisms. A white light emitted from the light source is divided into red-, green-, and blue-color light components related to primary colors. The light components are modulated by spatial light modulators in accordance with a video signal. The modulated light components are combined and projected onto a screen via the projection lens. The thickness of the bonding layer is varied as thin and thick for optical paths long and short, respectively, from the spatial light modulators to the bonding layer which each modulated light component emitted from the corresponding spatial light modulator reaches.

Abstract: A projection optical system which can project a bright image with less distortion and a small projection distance without causing aberration or an increase in size of reflective surfaces is disclosed. The projection optical system projects luminous flux from an original image onto a projection surface which is oblique to a central principal ray which is a principal ray of luminous flux traveling from the center of the original image to the center of a projected image. The projection optical system comprises a refractive optical system which includes a plurality of refractive optical elements through which the luminous flux from the original image passes through, and a reflective optical system which includes a plurality of reflective surfaces each having an optical power and guides the luminous flux emerging from the refractive optical system to the projection surface.

Abstract: A rear projection display device improves the brightness by improving the utilization efficiency of image light projected to a screen from slantly below. At least a green component of the image light is P-polarized to the screen (7). Therefore, reflection of light on the screen (7) is reduced.

Abstract: Light beams having different wavelengths emitted from red and blue semiconductor lasers and a laser diode pumped green solid-state laser are incident on respectively different surfaces of a color combining element and are overlaid on a single light path. Multiple beam interference films of the color combining element allow only the light beams having the oscillating wavelengths corresponding to the respective light sources to pass therethrough or reflect thereon so as to combine the light beams. A collimator collimates the light beams so that the beam waist of the light beams lies around a projection plane. When two-dimensional scanning is performed by radiating the light beams onto a micromechanical mirror and then onto a galvanometer mirror for scanning light in the horizontal and vertical directions, respectively, a color image is displayed on the projection plane by arranging pixels in array, each pixel consisting of overlapping pulses of light of three colors.

Abstract: A projection type display device includes a light source, a picture information display element, and a light deflection device that deflects light from the light source and irradiates the deflected light on one region of the picture information display element. The light deflection device scans the deflected light over an entire area of the picture information display element and an area outside of an effective display area of the picture information display element.

Abstract: A reflective type light valve projection device comprises an incident light source, a first and a second dichroic beam splitters/combiners, three light valves of the three primary colors and a projection lens. The light source provides a white light. The first dichroic beam splitter/combiner can reflect the first primary color and transmit the other two primary colors, and the second dichroic beam splitter/combiner can respectively reflect and transmit the two primary colors passing through the first dichroic beam splitter/combiner, hence completely separating the three primary colors. After the three primary colors are respectively modulated and reflected by the three light valves, they are combined by the first and second dichroic beam splitters/combiners to form a full color image, which is finally projected out by the projection lens. The optimum full-color projection effect can thus be accomplished with the least component.

Abstract: An integrally-formed polarized light converting device of a projection display unit comprises a medium of a predetermined thickness converting incident light entering at the Brewster Angle into light having a phase difference of ?/2 and a polarized light separating film reflecting a S polarized light wave and transmitting a P polarized light wave from the incident light entering at the Brewster Angle by a coated front side and a coated back side of said medium. A polarized light separating film having a coated front side reflects the S polarized light wave and transmits the P polarized light wave from the incident light entering at the Brewster Angle. The transmitted P polarized light wave has a phase difference of ?/2 when transmitted through a medium of predetermined thickness and proceeds in the same direction as the S polarized light wave reflected by the polarized light separating film.

Abstract: A video image is displayed from an optical panel by splitting the image into a plurality of image components, and then projecting the image components through corresponding portions of the panel to collectively form the image. Depth of the display is correspondingly reduced.

Abstract: An off-axis image projecting system at least has an illumination source, a reflective displaying device, a projecting lens set, and a first plate. The illumination source emits an illuminating beam. The reflective displaying device can modulate the illuminating beam to form a reflected image-formation beam. The projection lens set has a light path. The reflected image-formation beam enters the projecting lens set, and the first plate is disposed on the light path between the projecting lens set and the reflective displaying device. The illuminating beam from the illuminating source is incident onto the first plate, and then the first plate reflects the illuminating beam to the reflective displaying device by a non-zero incident angle. The reflected image-formation beam can travel through first plate and enter the projection lens set.

Abstract: In a projection arrangement comprising a light source (1) for generating a luminous field (2), a reflecting light modulator (4; 27) onto which light coming from the luminous field (2) may be directed, said light being modulated by the light modulator (4; 27) in order to generate an image, and further comprising projection optics (5; 21, 32), arranged following the light modulator, for projecting said image, the projection optics (5; 21, 32) comprise imaging optics (5; 21) including a mirror (9, 25) and a lens (6; 7; 8; 22; 23; 24) arranged between the light modulator (4; 27) and the mirror (9; 25), the light coming from the light modulator (4; 27) and reflected by the mirror (9; 25) passing twice through the lens (6; 7; 8; 22; 23; 24) and the light coming from the luminous field (2), which is directed onto the light modulator (4; 27), passing through the lens (6; 7; 8; 22; 23, 24) of the imaging optics (5; 21) only once.

Abstract: A compact, light projection type image display apparatus based on reflection image display devices which provide high brightness without contrast deterioration caused by light leakage associated with black image display. The apparatus uses, as polarizers/analyzers for reflection image display devices, reflection polarizing plates which function as polarizing plates by their grating function only in a specific direction. In each light path, the reflection polarizing plate is located just before/after the reflection image display device.

Abstract: An image display system uses a polarizing beam splitter to direct light from a lamp to multiple spatial modulators. The spatial light modulators (“SLM”) each generate an image portion, which are stitched together on a display screen to obtain a high resolution image. In particular embodiment, image portions from two conventional SLMs, each controlling about two million pixels, are stitched together to form an image having about four million pixels. In another embodiment, two lamps are used with four SLMs to produce a resultant image having about eight million pixels.

Abstract: A projector lens system includes a negative first lens group and a positive second lens group. The first lens group comprises a first lens element that is formed as a negative meniscus lens element, a positive or negative second lens element, a negative third lens element, a positive fourth lens element that is cemented to or separated from the third lens element, and a negative fifth lens element. The first lens group satisfies condition (1) with respect to the refractive power thereof, and satisfies condition (2) with respect to the refractive power of the negative first lens element of the negative first lens group: 0.6<fw/|fI|<1.0(fI<0)??(1) 0.3<fI/f1,1<0.7??(2) wherein fw: focal length of the entire projector lens system at the wide-angle extremity; fI: the focal length of the negative first lens group; and f1,1: the focal length of the negative first lens element of the negative first lens group.

Abstract: A laser display system is disclosed, to remove speckles displayed on a screen, which includes at least one laser as light source, at least one filter transmitting or reflecting a particular wavelength of red, green and blue light generated in the laser, and mixing the light red, green and blue light to one; a rotation color separator separating the mixed light into the red, green and blue light sequentially; a diffuser diffusing the separated light; an illuminating device irradiating with the light progressed from the diffuser; a display panel generating an image by modulating transmittance of the light from the illuminating device according to an electric signal of a video signal; and a controller receiving the video signal, and making correspondence of color areas from the rotation color separator and the display panel.

Abstract: A wide angle display system includes a linear array projector, a curved display surface, and a two-sided, substantially planar scanning mirror. The projector is configured to project an image along an optical axis to the scanning mirror. The scanning mirror continuously rotates about an axis substantially in the plane of the mirror, so as to reflect and scan the image onto the display surface.

Abstract: A projection type image display apparatus comprises a light source unit; an integrator unit for mixing luminous fluxes emitted from the light source unit so as to homogenize their light quantity distribution; a curved mirror for bending the optical path of luminous fluxes, which are turned into uniform light by the integrator unit, toward a projection unit; and the projection unit for causing the luminous fluxes to carry image information and projecting these luminous fluxes onto a screen.

Abstract: In an optical device (44), an optical axis (A) of a projection lens (46) is shifted relative to a central axis (C) of an image formation area of a liquid crystal panel (441), and a central axis (B) of a light-incident side of the cross dichroic prism (444) is shifted relative to a central axis (C) of the image formation area of a liquid crystal panel (441) to be located between the optical axis (A) of the projection lens (46) and the central axis (C) of the image formation area of the liquid crystal panel (441).

Abstract: A flat-panel display comprises a projector (21-23) illuminated by a collimate light source such as an infra-red laser, a waveguide (1) which ejects rays at a distance along the axis of propagation related to their angle of injection into the edge of the waveguide, an input slab (3) for magnifying the projected image in the width dimension in the plane of the panel perpendicular to the axis of propagation, and a phosphor output screen which converts the infra-red light to the visible. The use of monochromatic light within the waveguide reduces dispersion problems, and the use of a triad of projectors, each injecting at a different angle, makes registration relatively simple.

Abstract: A projection apparatus (10) forms a tiled image (12) on a display surface (14), the tiled image (14) having at least two adjacent image tile segments. The projection apparatus (10) includes an illumination system (16) for providing a first illumination beam having a first polarization state and a second illumination beam having a second polarization state, these illumination beams being substantially non-overlapping. First and second spatial light modulators (20) form first and second modulated light beams from their respective illumination beams. A beam aligner (40) directs these first and second modulated light beams along adjacent parallel paths, in the direction of the optical axis of a projection lens (18). The projection lens (18) directs the first and second modulated beams to the display surface (14) to form the first and second tile segments respectively.

Abstract: An apparatus for forming an image on a curved diffusive surface (32) comprises an image source (94) for providing image-bearing light along an axis, a relay lens (54) for directing the image-bearing light toward the curved diffusive surface (32), and, a field lens (120) for redirecting off-axis image-bearing light toward the center of curvature of the curved diffusive surface (32).

Abstract: A concentrated beam source for a projector includes a plurality of individually addressable light sources configured in a two-dimensional array and a beam concentrator. The beam concentrator is configured to receive light from the plurality of light sources and to produce a reduced beam of collimated light having a component representative of each light source. The reduced beam has cross-sectional dimensions smaller than cross-sectional dimensions of the two-dimensional array.

Abstract: Devices and methods are disclosed that provide effective utilization of light beams produced from multiple EUV-light sources, especially such sources that have been bundled. An embodiment of an EUV-source device comprises multiple individual EUV-light sources each providing a respective point-light source of EUV radiation propagating as a respective beam from each point-light source. A reflective focusing-optical system is situated downstream of the EUV-light sources, and is configured to focus the beams from the point-light sources at a focus point. A variable-angle mirror is situated downstream of the focusing-optical system and is configured to reflect light of the respective beams from the point-light sources that has been reflected by the focusing-optical system. A mirror-tilting mechanism is coupled to the variable-angle mirror. The mechanism, when activated, tilts the mirror by a respective angle corresponding to the particular beam from one of the point-light sources that is incident on the mirror.

Abstract: A color-separating and -recombining optical system includes a cubic- or square column-like first to fourth polarization beam splitters having polarization-splitting planes intersecting each other and wavelength-selective polarizing converters for rotating the plane of polarization of a specific-color light component by 90 degrees. One of the converters is placed at a light-incident side of the first splitter and another is placed at a light-emitting side of the fourth splitter. The first and fourth splitters are provided at a light-incident and light-emitting sides, respectively, of the optical system. The first and fourth splitters are arranged diagonally opposing each other. The remaining converters are placed between at least two inner facing planes of the first to fourth splitters. At least the remaining converters and three of the first to fourth splitters are joined to form an optical joint component with a gap between the component and the remaining one splitter.

Abstract: A projection display according to the present invention reduces the size of a light beam in the optical path of an illumination optics from the periphery to change the amount of light incident on a video display device and the angle of such incidence, thereby making a plurality of image brightness/contrast combinations selectable. Further, the present invention changes the revolving speed of a projection display cooling fan and the adjustment value settings for the video display device's electrical characteristics in accordance with the aperture.

Abstract: A relay optical system, which focuses light from a light outgoing plane of an integrator rod into an image on a predetermined illumination area, has a first optical element for correcting at least a distortion aberration, and a second optical element for correcting at least a chromatic aberration. The first optical element includes at least one focusing lens having a non-spherical convex plane, and the second optical element includes at least one diverging lens having a spherical concave lens. The diverging lens is composed of a relatively high dispersive optical glass material having an Abbe's number of not greater than 40. The focusing lens is composed of either an acrylic resin material or an olefin resin material. This arrangement focuses light into an image as an illumination area with a high accuracy and thereby enhances the quality of a resulting displayed image in a projector based on SCR technique.

Abstract: Projection lenses for use with pixelized panels (PP) are provided. The projection lenses have a negative first unit (U1) separated from a positive second unit (U2) by a reflective surface (RS) which folds the lens' optical axis. The lenses are telecentric on the short conjugate side, have a large field of view in the direction of the long conjugate, and have low aberration levels, including, in particular, low levels of lateral color.

Abstract: An image display apparatus includes a plurality of light emission sources, a drive circuit for pulse-driving the plurality of light emission sources in order in a predetermined period, a moving reflecting mirror for swinging in order in an incidence direction of light from each of the light emission sources in response to the pulse driving timing of each of the light emission sources and reflecting light beams from the light emission sources in order approximately in the same direction, and a combining optical system for guiding the light reflected by the moving reflecting mirror into a light valve.

Abstract: A projection system including a light source, a rectilinearly reciprocating cylindrical lens array, an optical separator, a light valve, and a projection lens unit. The light source emits a beam. The rectilinearly reciprocating cylindrical lens array advances color beams along different paths upon reciprocation. The optical separator separates the beam emitted from the light source into color beams according to wavelength. The light valve receives the scrolled color beams transmitted by the cylindrical lens array and forms a color image by pixels turning on or off according to an input image signal. The projection lens unit magnifies the color image formed on the light valve and projects the magnified color image on a screen.

Abstract: Provided are a micro mirror device capable of realizing color images without a color wheel by selectively reflecting color beams using a plurality of micro mirrors whose driving axes are positioned in different directions, and a projector employing the same. The micro mirror device can individually control a plurality of micro mirrors, the micro mirror device comprising a plurality of micro mirror units having micro mirrors whose driving axes are positioned at predetermined different angles, the micro mirror units for reflecting light incident in different directions.

Abstract: An illumination system which realizes a color image without a color wheel and a projector adopting the illumination system. The illumination system comprises at least one light emitting device which emits a light beam having a predetermined wavelength and a holographic optical element which reduces a cross section of the light beam. The projector includes the illumination system, a display device which forms an image by processing light from the illumination system according to an input image signal, and a projection lens which magnifies and projects the image onto a screen. The light emitting device may be constructed in an array form and the arrays may be arranged inline and adjacent to an optical path changer or distributed around an optical path changer at predetermined angles. The arrays and holographic optical elements may be provided in layers in order to reduce a size of the illumination system.

Abstract: An optical system disposes a total reflection lens between a light valve and a projection lens. When a white light beam, emitting from a light source, passes through a color-generating device, the color of the light beam is sequentially converted into red, green, and blue primaries, and uniformed by an integrator. Then, the light beam impinges into the total reflection lens and is reflected to the light valve. The light valve reflects the light beam into a projection lens to be projected on a screen. Therefore, this invention increases the projection efficiency, and reduces the bulk and components of the optical system.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and a device for optical polarization recuperation for producing a substantially polarized light beam from an unpolarized light beam comprising first and second polarizations.

Abstract: There is provided a display device in which an optical efficiency is improved using a color drum. The display device includes a road lens for totally reflecting an incident light and changing a path of the light. The display device further includes a color drum having a plurality of cell filters arranged cylindrically to face the path of the light outputted from the road lens. Here, the cell filters are in a linear shape. Since the light reflected by the color drum is not lost to the outside, the light efficiency can be enhanced. According to the invention, the linear scroll is possible due to the cell filters that are in the linear shape, so that signal process algorithm can be simplified.

Abstract: Stereoscopic visualization display apparatus comprising a table (6) having a top (12) onto which a stereoscopic image is projected, a stereoscopic projector (2) closely adjacent to the table (6) and oriented so as to project an image away from the table (6) and towards a reflector (8) so positioned as to reflect the image from the projector (2) onto the table top (12).

Abstract: An apparatus for forming an image on a curved diffusive surface (32) comprises an image source (94) for providing image-bearing light along an axis, a relay lens (54) for directing the image-bearing light toward the curved diffusive surface (32), and, a field lens (120) for redirecting off-axis image-bearings light toward the center of curvature of the curved diffusive surface (32).

Abstract: In an apparatus for projecting a multi-colored picture on a projection screen (17), having a light source (1) that emits multi-colored light, a color unit (9, 35), a first and a second light modulator (12, 13, 14) arranged following the color unit (9, 35), and a projection optics (16), wherein the color unit (9, 35) is illuminated with light from the light source (1) and separates light in a first and a second color and directs it on the first and second light modulator (12, 13), wherein the light modulators (12, 13, 14) modulate the light shining on them, in order to generate a color frame each of the multi-colored picture, and wherein the modulated light is superimposed to a common luminous beam by means of the color unit (9, 35), where the luminous beam illuminates the projection optics (16), and wherein an optics system (7, 23, 28, 31) that is illuminated by the common luminous beam is provided between the color unit (9, 35) and the projection optics (16) comprising a curved mirror (21, 24, 26), wherein t

Abstract: An image display projector includes a lens element for focusing a light beam from a lamp light source, a reflecting mirror for reflecting a light beam emitted from the lens element, an elliptical mirror for reflecting a light beam emitted from the reflecting mirror, a light valve for modulating a light beam reflected by the elliptical mirror, thereby forming an image light, and a projection lens for projecting the image light onto a screen. In this image display projector, a light focusing point, where the light beam emitted from the lens element is focused, is symmetric to one of the two focal points of the elliptical mirror with respect to the reflecting mirror, and the center of an entry pupil of the projection lens is symmetric to the second focal point of the elliptical mirror with respect to the light valve.

Abstract: An illumination system includes an illumination unit having at least one light emitting device which emits a light beam of a predetermined wavelength and at least one holographic optical element which reduces a cross section of the light beam emitted from the light emitting device, and an optical path changer which changes a proceeding path of an incident light passing through the holographic optical element.

Abstract: A projection-type display apparatus including a light source, an integrator whose input plane receives a light emitted from the light source and whose output plane serves as a surface illuminant, an image forming device modulating an incident linearly-polarized light beam to form an image in accordance with a video signal, a polarization-conversion device converting a uniform light beam exiting from the integrator into a linearly-polarized light beam to be applied to the image forming device, and a projection device projecting the image formed by the image forming device. The light source is constituted by a light emitting diode.