Abstract: A projection display device which displays an image by projecting the image on a screen includes a laser light source for emitting coherent light, a display device for forming an image to be displayed on a screen in an area illuminated by a luminous flux from the laser light source, a first diffusion plate for diffusing a luminous flux, and a second diffusion plate for diffusing a luminous flux. The first diffusion plate is provided in at least one of a conjugate position of the laser light source or the vicinity of the conjugate position in the optical path of the optical system including the laser light source through the screen. The second diffusion plate is provided in at least one of a conjugate position of the display device and the vicinity of the conjugate position.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an illumination device comprising a number of light sources and a number light collecting means, where the light collecting means collect light generated by the first light sources and convert the light into a source light beam propagating primarily along a primary optical axis. At least one light modifier is positioned along the primary optical axis and reflect at least a part of the light. A first light source comprises a light converting material capable of converting light into longer wavelengths and a second light source generates light having at least one spectral component which can be converted by the converting material of the first light source. The first and said second light source are mutually positioned in relation to the primary optical axis such that at least a part of a the second source light beam hits the first light source after being reflected by said light modifier.

Abstract: An illumination unit includes one or more light sources each including a solid-state light-emitting device configured to emit light from a light emission region including a single or a plurality of light-emitting spots. The solid-state light-emitting device includes a single chip or a plurality of chips each emitting a light beam. Three or more of the light-emitting spots are provided within the whole of one or more light sources, to allow the whole of one or more light sources to emit light beams in two or more wavelength bands different from one another, and the solid-state light emitting device in a first light source which is at least one of the one or more light sources, has a plurality of light-emitting spots which emit light in the same wavelength band.

Abstract: An illumination unit includes a plurality of light sources each including a solid-state light-emitting device configured to emit light from a light emission region including a single or a plurality of light-emitting spots. The solid-state light-emitting device includes a single chip or a plurality of chips each emitting light beam. Three or more of the light-emitting spots are provided within the whole light sources, to allow the whole light sources to emit light beams in two or more wavelength bands different from one another. Two or more of the plurality of the light sources include respective light-emitting spots which emit light in the same wavelength band.

Abstract: A laser projector for scanning a laser beam output by a multimode laser light source and displaying an image includes a laser driving unit to drive the multimode laser light source so that two-dimensional output patterns of a shape of the laser beam are different in each display frame. The laser driving unit applies to the multimode laser light source a driving waveform pattern which has the same product of an output intensity and output time of a laser light source during a display time of one dot and which includes an output intensity and output time different in each display frame.

Abstract: Disclosed is an abstracted lighting control system abstracted based on the lighting canvas rather than the mapping of the location of the luminaires or lighting fixtures.

Abstract: A projection apparatus includes a shutter mechanism to prevent light from reaching an image plane during calibration of light sources. The shutter mechanism may include liquid crystal material that exhibits an effective index of refraction that varies with applied voltage. During calibration, a light beam is shuttered, light sources are driven by calibration data, and optical power is measured.

Abstract: An optical projection system for projecting an enlarged image on a projection surface is provided. The optical projection system includes an image forming element, a coaxial optical system and a concave mirror. The coaxial optical system and the concave mirror are arranged in this order on an optical path from the image forming element to the projection surface. The coaxial optical system includes lens groups and an aperture stop that share an optical axis. The lens groups include a first lens group and other lens groups. The first lens group has negative refractive power and independently moves in an optical axis direction for adjusting the focus of the optical projection system. The aperture stop is arranged at a position closer to the image forming element than the first lens group that is arranged closest to the concave mirror among the lens groups having the negative refractive power.

Abstract: A light source unit includes an excitation light source and a luminescent wheel on which luminescent light emitting areas including, on a reflecting surface, red and green luminescent materials which respectively emit light of red and green wavelength band, when receiving excitation light, and a diffuse transmission area which diffuses and transmits excitation light, are aligned end to end in a circumferential direction. An excitation light incident surface of a luminescent material layer of the luminescent wheel has a surface with a plurality of projecting bodies. Regular quadrangular pyramids are arranged thereon in a matrix with outer boundaries of bottom portions of adjacent regular quadrangular pyramids contacting each other. The pyramids rise at a rising angle of at least 30°, and a length of one side of an outer boundary of the bottom portion of the pyramid is between 10 and 100 ?m.

Abstract: A stereoscopic digital projection system for projecting a stereoscopic image including a left-eye image and a right-eye image, comprising: first and second light sources providing corresponding first and second light beams having spectrally-adjacent, substantially non-overlapping spectral bands falling within a single component color spectrum; a spatial light modulator having an array of pixels that can be modulated according to image data to provide imaging light; illumination optics arranged to receive the first and second light beams and provide substantially uniform first and second bands of light; beam scanning optics arranged to cyclically scroll the first and second bands of light across the spatial light modulator; a controller system that synchronously modulates the spatial light modulator pixels according to image data for the stereoscopic image; projection optics for delivering the imaging light from the to a display surface; and filter glasses for a viewer.

Abstract: An illuminating optical system includes: a substantially rectangular-shaped light source that includes a light emitting surface with a split pattern formed thereat by a splitting line, the splitting line extending along a predetermined direction and splitting the light emitting surface into a plurality of separate areas; an illumination-target member that includes a rectangular radiation-target area; and an optical member in that condenses light departing the light emitting surface and radiates the condensed light toward the radiation-target area, wherein: an extent of uneven illumination attributable to an image of the split pattern at the light emitting surface of the light source, formed at the illumination-target member, is reduced.

Abstract: A light source includes two excitation light sources generating two respective excitation lights, a filter, and a wavelength conversion material. The second excitation light has a peak wavelength shorter than that of the first excitation light. The transmittance curves of the filter are dependent on the input angle. The first and second excitation lights are inputted to the filter at angles smaller than a first threshold angle, and angles between the first and a third threshold angle, respectively. Both excitation lights pass through the filter to excite the wavelength conversion material, which generates a converted light but reflects some of the excitation lights. Part of the reflected first excitation light reaches the filter at input angles greater than a second threshold angle and is reflected by the filter back to the wavelength conversion material for recycling. The third and second threshold angles are greater than the first threshold angle.

Abstract: A projection unit comprises a first light source outputting light that is used to project an image during normal projection unit use, and a second light source outputting light of a different intensity that is used to project an image outside of normal projection unit use.

Abstract: An LED projector includes a plurality of light sources; and an image generator which includes an arrangement of pixels, each pixel including at least one light source; wherein the LEDs are stacked epi-LEDs which include layers arranged above one another for different colors, or each pixel includes an emission surface and at least two LEDs are arranged adjacent one another in the emission surface.

Abstract: An illumination system includes a first solid-state light-emitting element, a wavelength conversion device, a second solid-state light-emitting element and a third solid-state light-emitting element. The first solid-state light-emitting element is used for emitting a first color light in a first waveband region. The wavelength conversion device includes a wheel body and a wavelength conversion section. The wheel body includes a rotation shaft. The wavelength conversion section surrounds the rotation shaft and contains phosphor coating. By the phosphor coating, the first color light from the first solid-state light-emitting element is excited as a second color light in a second waveband region to be outputted. The second solid-state light-emitting element is used for emitting first color light. The third solid-state light-emitting element is used for emitting a third color light in a third waveband region.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a color display device that can be deployed at retail paint stores, kiosks, customers' offices or homes, airports, malls, etc. for rapid color and appearance prototyping. The color display device, which can be mobile, can display color under standardized lighting or simulated ambient lighting. The color display device can augment or replace a traditional paint chip rack or fan deck. The color display device can manipulate light sources additively and/or subtractively using an integrating light mixing capsule or chamber, special optics, mock objects and electronic control for color and appearance representation and for object illumination with desirable simulated ambient lighting.

Abstract: A chart generation unit generates an adjustment chart, and a projection unit projects the adjustment chart onto a circular cylinder. A parameter acquiring unit acquires 12 parameters in total, relating to the positions of four corners and middle points of a top side and a bottom side of a chart and lateral expansion of the chart, the chart being input by a user through manipulations of an operation unit. A transform function determination unit calculates, from the total of 12 parameters, an accurate transform function for projecting an image onto the circular cylinder. An image conversion unit applies geometric transformation to the image based on the calculated transform function.

Abstract: There is provided a light source unit comprising an excitation light shining device for emitting excitation light, a luminescent plate having a luminescent light emitting area on a base material and adapted to emit a luminescent light of a predetermined wavelength band by excitation light from the excitation shining device, two types of light source devices for emitting light of wavelength bands different from that of the light from the luminescent plate, a light guiding optical system for guiding the light from the luminescent plate and the rays from the light sources to a predetermined plane, and a light source control device for controlling the emission from the excitation light shining device and the light sources, wherein a synthetic light or a single-color light are emitted by controlling the emissions from the excitation light shining device and the light sources by the light source control device.

Abstract: In a projector which includes a light source unit 63, a light smoothing unit, a display device, a projection side optical system and a projector control unit, the light source unit 63 includes a light generating device for generating light of a specified wavelength band which includes a first light source 152 which is a light emitting diode or solid-state light emitting device for emitting light of a predetermined wavelength band, a second light source 153 which is a light emitting diode or a solid-state light emitting device for emitting excitation light, and a third light source 154 for emitting light of the same wavelength band as that of the first light source 152 using the light emitted from the second light source 153 as excitation energy, and the third light source 154 is formed by a phosphor which transmits light from the first light source 152 and absorbs light emitted from the second light source 153.

Abstract: A projector includes: a light emitter; a light modulator modulating light from the light emitter; and a projector projecting the image from the light modulator. The light emitter includes a light emitting element and an optical member. The light emitting element is a super luminescent diode having an active layer constituting first and second gain regions sandwiched between first and second cladding layers. The first gain region is tilted in a clockwise direction relative a perpendicular of a first surface of the stacked structure. The second gain region is tilted in a counterclockwise direction relative to a perpendicular of the first surface. As such, the optical member refracts the light respectively emitted from the end surfaces of the first and second gain regions on the second surface side to thereby emit light beams in the same direction.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus includes an acquiring unit, a specifying unit, a smoothing unit, and an output unit. The acquiring unit acquires resolutions of first and second projectors and region information regarding projected regions. The specifying unit specifies a boundary between the projected regions, the second projector having higher resolution than the first projector, based on the acquired region information. The smoothing unit executes smoothing on a predetermined region within a projected region based on the acquired resolutions of the first and second projectors such that a pixel, obtained based on a first pixel by executing the smoothing, has been affected according to a second pixel then a third pixel, wherein the first pixel is in the predetermined region, the first and second pixels are arrayed parallel to the specified boundary, and the first and third pixels are arrayed perpendicular to the boundary. The output unit outputs smoothed image data.

Abstract: The image projection apparatus is disclosed to which plural interchangeable optical units are selectively attachable. The apparatus includes a shift mechanism moving an attached optical unit, which is one of the plural interchangeable optical units that is attached to the apparatus, with respect to a light modulation element in a direction orthogonal to an optical axis, an actuator driving the shift mechanism, and a controller controlling drive of the actuator using a control parameter for moving the attached optical unit by a specific movement amount via the shift mechanism. The controller acquires information on at least one of a weight and an optical characteristic of the attached optical unit from a memory provided in one of the apparatus and the attached optical unit, and to change the control parameter using the acquired information.

Abstract: A projection system is characterized by: a first light source unit and a second light source unit selectively driven in response to operation mode; a light transmitting unit transmitting light emitted from the first light source unit or the second light source unit in the form of surface light; an image generator generating an image in response to an image signal using the light transmitted from the light transmitting unit; and a projection lens system projecting the image by enlarging the image generated by the image generator and projecting the enlarged image.

Abstract: An illumination system and a projection device comprising the same are provided. The projection device comprises an image-forming system and the illumination system. The illumination system comprises a first light source device, a second light source device and a first light guiding device. The first light source device generates a visible light, while the second light source device directly generates a substantially pure infrared light. The first light guiding device is adapted to guide the visible light and the infrared light to the image-forming system for processing to make the visible light form a visible light image and make the infrared light form an infrared light image.

Abstract: A light source system for a projection device and a projection device comprising the same are provided. The light source system comprises an optical component assembly and a first light source module. The first light source module has a first light emitting diode (LED) and a first reflection cover. The first LED is configured to generate beams. The first reflection cover has a curved surface to reflect and collect the beams from the first LED into the optical component assembly.

Abstract: A projector includes a light source, a first light separation optical system adapted to separate light emitted from the light source into first light and second light, a second light separation optical system adapted to separate the first light into third light and fourth light, separate the second light into fifth light and sixth light, and emit the third light, the fourth light, the fifth light, and the six light in directions intersecting with a plane including a light axis of the light emitted from the light source and a light axis of the first light, and a light modulation element which the third light, the fourth light, the fifth light, and the sixth light enter.

Abstract: A projection display device having a projection device projecting an image on a surface, and a position detection function of detecting an object's position between the surface and the projection device, includes: a light source emitting light beams toward the object; a light detector detecting the light beams reflected by the object; and a position detector detecting the object's position in an imaginary plane based on the light detector's result, wherein the light source emits, as the light beams, first through third light beams having first through third intensity distributions, the second intensity distribution having a highest intensity at a position failing to overlap a highest intensity of the first intensity distribution, and the third intensity distribution having a highest intensity portion at a position failing to overlap a straight line connecting the highest intensity portions of the first and second intensity distributions.

Abstract: A multi-projection system having a plurality of projection surfaces onto which images are projected is provided, where the plurality of projection surfaces are disposed on two or more sides not parallel to each other. The multi-projection system provides high three-dimensional images and a high degree of immersion in images and further provides multi-view images, thereby making theater customers feel like they really exist in the space described through the images.

Abstract: A control apparatus for controlling a projector apparatus projecting an image in provided. The apparatus includes an input unit for inputting layout information relating to a layout of the images projected by a plurality of projector apparatuses, an obtaining unit for obtaining respective projection areas of the plurality of projector apparatuses, a determination unit for determining a correction amount of the respective projection areas of the plurality of projector apparatuses based on the layout information input by the input unit and the projection areas obtained by the obtaining unit, and a notifying unit for notifying the plurality of projector apparatuses of the correction amount determined by the determination unit.

Abstract: A light source device is provided which includes a light source holding member in which light source elements are arranged, a lens array which has a plurality of lens portions which are arranged so as to correspond to the light source elements, respectively, and formed integrally with a plate-like base portion, and an array holding member for holding the lens array, wherein the lens array has hole portions through which fixing screw members are inserted, wherein the array holding member has threaded hole portions in positions which correspond to the hole portions, and wherein the fixing screw members pass through the hole portions in the lens array and are then brought into engagement with the threaded hole portions in the array holding member to thereby allow the lens array and the array holding member to be disposed to adhere to each other.

Abstract: A display system able to reduce interpixel intensity gaps caused by the use of pulsed laser sources having relatively short optimum pulse duration. The interpixel intensity gaps are reduced by temporally offsetting multiple laser pulses for a display pixel during a corresponding pixel-scan period. The temporally offset pulses for the display pixel are then scanned to different locations on a viewing surface such that the display pixel has an improved intensity distribution. Additional reduction in the interpixel gaps may be accomplished by de-focusing the temporally offset pulses in a scan direction, increasing the duty cycle of the source lasers, and shifting the location of alternating frames on the viewing surface.

Abstract: An image projection device for displaying an image onto a remote surface. The image projection device employs a scanner to project image beams of visible light and tracer beams of light onto a remote surface to form a display of the image. The device also employs a light detector to sense at least the reflections of light from the tracer beam pulses incident on the remote surface. The device employs the sensed tracer beam light pulses to predict the trajectory of subsequent image beam light pulses and tracer beam light pulses that form a display of the image on the remote surface in a pseudo random pattern. The trajectory of the projected image beam light pulses can be predicted so that the image is displayed from a point of view that can be selected by, or automatically adjusted for, a viewer of the displayed image.

Abstract: A projection system and an operation method thereof are provided. The projection system includes a video and audio source, an image duplication unit, a plurality of image segmentation units, and a plurality of projectors. The video and audio source receives a sum image parameter, and provides a non-standard format image. The image duplication unit receives and sends one of sum image parameters to the video and audio source. The image segmentation units provide the same sum image parameters, though only one is transmitted to the video and audio source through the image duplication unit. Each of the image segmentation units receives the non-standard format image, and segments a part of the non-standard format image as a standard format image, where the standard format images are partially overlapped with each other. The projectors are respectively coupled to the corresponding image segmentation unit, and display according to the corresponding standard format image.

Abstract: A display system includes an optical light source and a display panel with an array of optically excitable pixels. Optics are positioned between the optical light source and the display panel so as to direct light from the optical light source toward the display panel to cause the optically excitable pixels to emit a visible image.

Abstract: A projector includes: an imaging unit that picks up an image of a projection target area with light in a first wavelength band and generates a first pickup image and picks up an image of the projection target area with light in a second wavelength band and generates a second pickup image; an image generating unit that performs keystone distortion correction on the basis of the first pickup image; a positional-information generating unit that generates, on the basis of the second pickup image, positional information indicating a position of indication light included in the projection target area; and a projecting unit that projects an image based on the positional information in a state in which the keystone distortion correction is performed.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a projecting apparatus. The apparatus includes light emitting diodes, a light guide plate and a projecting component. The light guide plate is mounted between the light emitting diodes and the projecting component. A switching control valve is mounted between the light guide plate and the projecting component. The switching control valve is switched between an on position and an off position between the light guide plate and the projecting component. In the on position, the switching control valve guides lights of the light guide plate to the projecting component as a light source of the projecting component; in the off position, the switching control valve cuts off the lights guided from the light guide plate to the projecting component to further cut off the light source of the light guide plate. The present invention further discloses a projecting equipment.

Abstract: An image display device having an RGB illuminating module that includes a diffractive beam combiner. The diffractive beam combiner includes a first light source arranged to provide a first light beam having red color and a second light source arranged to provide a second light beam having green color. A centerline of the first light beam and a centerline of the second light beam are arranged to intersect at an intersection point. A diffractive output grating is located in the vicinity of the intersection point. The diffractive output grating is arranged to form an output light beam by diffracting light of the first light beam and light of the second light beam substantially in the same direction.

Abstract: A case structure includes a covering member and a lid member. The covering member includes a main boy, a first coupling part and a first positioning part. The lid member includes a lid plate, a second coupling part and a second positioning part. The second coupling part of the lid member and the first coupling part of the covering member are engaged with each other so that the lid plate is coupled with the main body and pivotal with respect to the main body. When the lid plate is rotated to a first position, the second positioning part is interference-fitted into the first positioning part so that the lid plate is positioned with respect to the main body.

Abstract: In various embodiments, a method for projecting at least one light beam is provided. The method may include providing at least one light beam; and setting a time base of a processor configured to control the at least one light beam as a function of a deflection of the at least one light beam.

Abstract: An optical projection apparatus includes a first light source, a second light source, and an imaging element, which is illuminated by the first light source and the second light source during operation. The light source includes a light-emitting diode chip that emits red light during operation. The second light source includes a first light-emitting diode chip, which emits green light during operation. A second light-emitting diode chip emits blue light during operation. The second light-emitting diode chip is arranged on the first light-emitting diode chip at a radiation exit surface of the first light-emitting diode chip. Electromagnetic radiation generated in the first light-emitting diode chip during operation passes through the second light-emitting diode chip.

Abstract: A laser projection system includes a light source, an optical scanning component, a focusing component, a speckle reduction diffusing surface, and an optical collimating component. The light source may include at least one laser configured to emit an output beam. The focusing component focuses the output beam at a first focused point. The speckle reduction diffusing surface is selectively introduced into an optical path at the first focused point. The optical collimating component collimates the output beam onto the optical scanning component. At least a portion of a scanned laser image is generated on a projection surface by operating the laser for optical emission of encoded image data and controlling the optical scanning component to scan the output beam. The optical collimating component images the first focused point at a second focused point at the projection surface when the speckle reduction diffusing surface is in the optical path.

Abstract: In a light source device, that obtains high light usage efficiency by projecting simultaneously two or more of three primary color lights X, Y and Z. Moreover, each color light X, Y and Z is divided into two in terms of time so that p-wave and s-wave linear polarization lights are formed, such that the synthesized light of the p-wave linear polarization lights enters a first spatial modulation element and the synthesized light of the s-wave linear polarization lights enters a second spatial modulation element to permit gradation control of each color light.

Abstract: A teleprompter suited for use with a camera having a lens with a field of view defined by an axis in a forward direction. The teleprompter includes, generally, a reflector supported proximate the lens; a projection screen supported forward of the reflector; a projector supported forward of the reflector for projecting an image on the projection screen so that the image is capable of reflection by the reflector along the axis. The projection screen being preferably concave and oriented such that the projected image projected by the projector onto the projector screen is reflected by the reflector along the axis of the lens in a forward direction.

Abstract: A solid-state light source device, enabling to build up with using solid-state elements, and having the structure suitable to be applied as a light source for a projection-type display apparatus, comprises a solid-state light source unit 10 for emitting excitation light therefrom, a reflection mirror (or reflector) 130 made of a parabolic surface, for condensing the excitation light from the solid-state light source to be point-like, and a disc-like (or wheel) member 140, repeating reflection/scattering or transmission/scattering of the excitation light and conversion of the excitation light, alternately, in vicinity of a focus point of the excitation light, which is condensed to be point-like by the reflection mirror (or reflector), wherein the excitation light (B-color) reflected/or scattered by that disc-like (or wheel) member and fluorescence light (Y-color), wavelength of which is converted, is taken on a same optical path, by means of the reflection mirror (or reflector) 130 or a second reflection mirro

Abstract: A projection apparatus that provides flicker reduction according to the cause of flicker, to thereby properly reduce flicker without unnecessarily bringing about characteristic degradation is disclosed. Light for projecting a projection image onto a projection surface is output from a light source, and separated into light beams of a plurality of colors. Images corresponding to the light beams of the plurality of colors are formed on display units. The light beams of the plurality of colors having passed through the display units are synthesized and projected onto the projection surface. Fluctuations in the light quantity of the light beams of the plurality of colors having passed through the display units and yet to be input to the color synthesis unit are detected. Detection results are analyzed, and it is determined whether flicker caused by the display units or flicker caused by the light source is occurring in the projection image.

Abstract: A display device capable of displaying a plurality of projection images is provided. The display device includes a light source within a base and a plurality of projection outputs. Each projection output comprises an optical modulation device and a projection lens system. The light source includes a switch and a plurality of light sources such as lasers or LEDs with different color to one another. The switch receives and diverts light beams from the light sources in a predetermined sequential order to the plurality of projection outputs.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for generating or creating an autostereoscopic or three-dimensional (3D) display. The apparatus has a foreground display assembly including a display element such as a transparent projection screen film and a projector projecting a first set of two-dimensional (2D) content onto a rear surface viewable by a viewer via a front surface. The apparatus includes a background display assembly including a display element displaying a second set of 2D content. The apparatus includes an intermediate display assembly including a display element, such as an optical shutter window, positioned between the foreground display element and the background display element. This assembly includes a projector projecting a third set of 2D content on the front or rear surface of the optical shutter window. The first, second, and third sets of 2D content are concurrently visible and the use of three spaced apart display planes creates a 3D illusion.

Abstract: An optical scanning apparatus is configured to use a composite laser light source element provided with a plurality of semiconductor laser light sources in a single housing and thereby align both the irradiation position and the light flux parallel characteristics of respective laser light fluxes emitted from respective semiconductor laser light sources in the light source element. A light flux synthesis apparatus is used that includes two reflective mirrors inclined at 45 degrees relative to the optical axis of the respective incident light fluxes, and mutually inclined by a predetermined minute relative angle ?. The parallel characteristics of the respective laser light fluxes are aligned by the angle ? imparted to the reflective mirrors, and the irradiation position of the respective laser light fluxes is aligned by imparting predetermined wavelength-selectable characteristics or polarization selectable characteristics in relation to the deflection mirror to reflective surface of the reflective mirror.

Abstract: A projector includes a light source device which emits an illumination light; an aperture disposed with a tilt with respect to a plane perpendicular to a center axis of the illumination light, provided with an opening section which transmits a part of the illumination light, and block a rest of the illumination light; a pair of first and second lens arrays which divides the illumination light from the light source device into a plurality of partial light; and an overlapping lens which overlaps the illumination light transmitted through the first and second lens arrays, wherein the aperture is disposed on a light path between the light source device and the overlapping lens.

Abstract: The power and response curves of one or more beams or primaries of beams of a laser projection system illuminating an image on a viewing surface are controlled to desired characteristics during exhibition by monitoring the scanning beams in real time by using at least part of the horizontal blanking time during the scanning of a motion or still image to project a test pattern with one or more of the beams onto a sensor or sensors. The system and method permits real-time balancing and maintenance of the response curves and power levels of each of the beams, and of primary beams of combined beams, to desired targets so as to produce a display field without artifacts and at desired brightness on the viewing surface.