Abstract: An overhead projector provides an unobstructed view of projected images by minimizing the vertical dimension of the projector and provides sufficient brightness of projected images by minimizing the loss of light. The light emitted from a light source housed in the body of the projector is reflected by a first reflection mirror and directed, through a transparent stage on which a transparent original is placed, to a second reflection mirror. Meanwhile, on the transparent stage, the principal ray axis of the light beam forms an angle .theta. with respect to the center axis of the surface of the transparent original. After reaching the second reflection mirror and being reflected thereby, the light is condensed into a projection lens unit, and is projected therefrom onto a screen to form thereon an image of the transparent original.

Abstract: A projector to be simple and capable of being miniaturized. White light is decomposed by a color decomposition/composition device into red light, green light, and blue light, which are incident to a first, second, and third mirror deflection type light modulators and first effective reflected light to third effective reflected light obtained by the first, second, and third mirror deflection type light modulators are composed together, so that color decomposition/composition can be performed by the color decomposition/composition device eliminating the necessity of separately provided color decomposition and composition optical systems, and consequently it is possible to construct the optical system with ease, thereby realizing a projector which is simple and can be miniaturized.

Abstract: An optical system (10) has an image source (12), a first optical element (34), a second optical element (50), and an aperture stop (52). The first optical element (34) is positioned close to the image source (12) to generate anamophic field curvature of matching the display screen (16). The radiation is then directed to the second optical element (50) which corrects astigmatism of the radiation passing from the first optical element (34). The aperture stop (52) is provided adjacent to the second optical element (50). The system may be used in an infinite display optical system where the radiation would be directed through projector 14 to a screen (16). A mirror (18) is positioned to reflect the radiation from the screen (16) to provide an image to a viewer.

Abstract: An apparatus for displaying an image on a screen is disclosed. The display has a projection lens for projecting the image; a first reflective surface for receiving the projected image and reflecting a first reflected image having a first central optical axis; and a second reflective surface for receiving the first reflected image and reflecting a second reflected image having a second central optical axis onto said screen. The first and second reflective surfaces provide a folded projection path, wherein the first and second central optical axes are in the same plane. Alternatively, the first and second central optical axes do not lie in a common plane. This further reduces the size of the displaying apparatus. A third reflective surface is also provided to further reduce the size of the display. The two or three reflective surfaces or mirrors are enclosed in an environmentally sealed compartment. The projection lens has a reduced illumination angle and an increased lens-to-screen distance.

Abstract: An improved optical apparatus for an LCD projector capable of more effectively focussing a light on an LCD panel of a high vision or a wide vision, and achieving a desired wave length and a better contrast of a picture, which includes a second polarizing unit for separating a green component from the visible ray transmitted from the white light source, for polarizing the green component into a P-wave component light, and for evenly transmitting on an LCD panel having a 16:9 format display ratio by correcting a brightness non-uniformity of the P-wave component light; a third polarizing unit for separating a blue component from the visible ray transmitted from the white light source, for polarizing the blue component into a P-wave component light, and for evenly transmitting on an LCD panel having a 16:9 format display ratio by correcting a brightness non-uniformity of the P-wave component light; a color mixer for the red, green, and blue components which are obtained by the first through third polarizing units

Abstract: In a light source apparatus for use with a projection type display, at least one light source is provided for emitting light. A reflector is provided correspondingly to the light source in order to gather the light emitted from the light source into a small area to form a converged luminous flux. A light guide has at least one light input section into which the luminous flux is coupled. The light input section is provided correspondingly to the light source. The light guide combines the luminous flux received through the light input sections into a single beam of luminous flux. The light-guide has at least one light output section from which said luminous flux is output. The light source apparatus may also include light-refracting element provided between the reflector and the light-guide. The light-refracting element receives the converged luminous flux from the reflector to refract the converged luminous flux so as to couple the converged luminous flux, as a uniform luminous flux, into the light-guide.

Abstract: An illumination system having improved efficiency and uniformity for an image projection apparatus. The illumination system is employed for supplying an optical radiation beam along a principal axis to illuminate an object which, in a plane perpendicular to the principal axis, has a non-round cross-section. The illumination system includes: a light source for emitting light beams; a reflective mirror, having a plurality of reflective curved surfaces for reflecting the light beams emitted from the light source to form a plurality of reflective beams; and a lens plate, having a plurality of lenses, each of the plurality of lenses corresponding to a reflective curved surface of the reflective mirror to project the plurality of reflective beams onto the object, so that the plurality of reflective beams are superimposed on the object and produce a uniform illumination.

Abstract: An image reading apparatus is capable of being switched between an observation state in which an image on a recording medium is projected onto a screen and observed and a read state in which the image is projected onto a reading unit and read. The apparatus includes a projecting lens provided in a lower portion of the apparatus to project the image, a rockable first reflecting member provided in an upper portion of the apparatus to reflect the image light from the projecting lens and, a second reflecting member provided in opposition to the screen to guide the image light reflected by the first reflecting member to the screen. A third reflecting member is provided below the second reflecting member to guide the image light reflected by the first reflecting member to the reading unit. The observation state and the read state are switched by the rocking motion of the first reflecting member.

Abstract: A light gathering apparatus for gathering luminous fluxes incident from two different directions, including a luminous flux gathering optical element which includes an array of continuous first and second reflection or emission surfaces alternately and symmetrically arranged with respect to bisectors of the angle defined by and between the luminous fluxes.

Abstract: A portable LCD-type projector for images on a viewing surface such as a projection screen. The projector includes a housing having top, bottom, front and back panels hingedly connected in a parallelogram. The housing panels are movable from a first, generally flat folded position to a second, open position in which the top and bottom panels are generally horizontal and the front and back panels are oriented at a generally 45.degree. angle. The projector includes a light source, a lens, and an LCD or similar image-generating panel. The LCD panel is carried in a location optically between the light source and the lens. The LCD panel is movable from a first, generally horizontal stored position to a second, generally vertical operating position. Mirrors are provided for directing light emitted by the light source through the LCD panel and the lens for projection on a projection screen.

Abstract: An array of M.times.N thin film actuated mirrors for use in an optical projection system comprises an active matrix, an array of M.times.N supporting members, M.times.N trinities of first, second and third conduits and an array of M.times.N thin film actuating structures. Each of the actuating structures includes a first, an electrodisplacive and a second layers, wherein the first and seconds layers are placed on top and bottom of the electrodisplacive layer. In each of the actuated mirrors, the first layer therein is connected, individually and electrically, to a conduction line pattern through the second and the third conduits, thereby acting as bias electrode and the second layer is connected electrically to one of the transistors included in through the first conduit to thereby act as a signal electrode.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for display of a three dimensional virtual image is provided. The present invention allows one or more objects, real images and virtual images to be displayed at one or more of an arbitrary number of depth levels along a viewer's line of sight. The present invention uses a plurality of beam splitters organized as an optical labyrinth to combine a images with the proper perspective and parallax to result in a three dimensional image.

Abstract: An optical projection system capable of displaying an image of M.times.N pixels in various sizes, wherein M and N are integers, comprises an non-point light source, a collimating lens, a focussing lens, an optical baffle, an array of M.times.N actuated mirrors, and a varifocal projection system including a positive power lens and a negative powers lens separated by a distance, wherein the image in various sizes is provided by changing the distance between the positive and negative power lenses in the varifocal projection lens system.

Abstract: An optical projection system comprises a non-point white light source, a source lens, a source stopper, an optical means, a first, a second and a third arrays of M.times.N actuated mirrors, a beam splitting means including a first and a second dichroic lens, a first, a second and a third field lenses, a projection stopper, a projection lens and a projection screen. Each of the field lenses is located between each of the dichroic mirrors and each of the arrays of actuated mirrors and is used for collimating each of the primary light beams onto the corresponding array of actuated mirrors and refocussing each of the reflected primary light beams from the via the beam splitting means, and the optical means, and eventually onto the projection stopper.

Abstract: A system for rapidly producing an integrated circuit on a substrate using a curable liquid capable of solidification to form a photo-resist pattern corresponding to an artwork representation of interconnections when subjected to ultra-violet light energy operates with a processor and computer aided design software. The system includes an x-y table, an electronically erasable mask, a drawing device and a projecting system. The substrate is disposed on the x-y table. The curable liquid lies in a solidification plane on the substrate. The electronically erasable mask is an ultra-violet wavelength isolating image buffer and is electrically coupled to the processor. The drawing device may be a back lighted liquid crystal display or a high resolution cathode ray tube or an infrared diode laser raster scanner and electronically draws an image of the artwork representation for the interconnections onto the electronically erasable mask.

Abstract: An array of M.times.N thin film actuated mirrors for use in an optical projection system, comprises an active matrix, an array of M.times.N actuating structures, an array of M.times.N mirror layers and an array of M.times.N supporting members. Each of the actuating structures includes a first and a second identically structured actuating parts, each of the first and second actuating parts having at least a thin film layer of a motion-inducing material, a first and a second electrodes. The first electrodes from each of the first and second actuating parts are physically joined, thereby serving as the common bias electrode, and the second electrodes function as the signal electrode. Furthermore, each of the mirror layers is divided into a first and a second reflectors. Each of the reflectors is provided with a first surface, a second opposing surface and a central tab portion therebetween.

Abstract: An omnidirectional or panoramic projector comprise several image producing devices with a common virtual optical center. The images produced by devices such as LCD or film are arranged to form a composite or panoramic image such as a continuous 360 degree image when taken as a whole. The user can view the 360 degree image with little or no distortion at the boundaries of the image segments forming the composite image since the image producing devices have the same or nearly the same virtual optical center.

Abstract: A hand-held light projector adapted to create on a remote display screen a light show presenting Lissajous figures whose patterns depend on how the projector is shaken by the operator. The projector includes a light bulb whose rays are focused to form a light beam that is directed onto a first spring-mounted mirror that when the projector is shaken, then oscillates about a horizontal axis, the beam deflected by the first mirror being cast on a second spring-mounted mirror that oscillates about a vertical axis. The beam deflected by the second mirror is cast on and scans the remote screen to produce a light trace thereon whose path is the resultant of the concurrent oscillations of the two mirrors to create on the screen Lissajous figures whose patterns depend on the frequencies and amplitudes of the oscillations.

Abstract: A compact projection illumination system includes a display controller, a condenser lens assembly including a light source, and a pair of finely faceted mirrors angularly disposed relative to one another to spread projection light emitted from the high intensity projection light source in two directions, and direct the reflected light to an image forming display device where an image is formed for projection purposes. The light is spread to illuminate precisely the light impinging surface of the image forming display device. To reduce image distortion caused by the faceted mirrors forming beam segments, the condenser lens assembly and the light source are arranged and constructed to permit the reflected beam segments to converge sufficiently to fill in dark or shadow areas between the beam segments prior to the segments impinging on the image forming display device, so that the resulting image is formed uniformly and substantially distortion free in a narrowly defined, compact space.

Abstract: An optical projection system, capable of displaying an M.times.N number of pixels and having a reduced optical path and hence a reduced size, wherein M and N are integers, comprises a non-point light source, an array of M.times.N actuated mirrors, a projection screen, a projection lens and a lens system including a first lens unit, a second lens unit and an optical baffle located therebetween, wherein the optical baffle is provided with a plurality of apertures and light absorbing regions, each of the lens units includes an array of M.times.N microlenses.

Abstract: A projector has a shortened optical path from a light valve to a screen and a reduction in the depth size of its system, and requires less space to mount. Rays of light emitted from a light valve of the project are refracted by a converging lens and reflected by a plane mirror to converge at the primary focal point of an elliptical mirror, and then travel toward the secondary focal point whereat the focal point of a parabolic mirror also exists and a projection lens is disposed. The light rays pass through the projection lens, are reflected by the parabolic mirror and then are brought to a parallel beam of light that is further collected by a Fresnel lens to finally form an image on a lenticular lens-screen.

Abstract: A projector has a shortened optical path from a light valve to a screen and a reduction in the depth size of its system and requires less space to mount. Rays of light emitted from a light valve of the projects are refracted by a converging lens and reflected by a plane mirror to converge at the primary focal point of an elliptical mirror, and then travel toward the secondary focal point whereat the focal point of a parabolic mirror also exists and a projection lens is disposed. The light rays pass through the projection lens, are reflected by the parabolic mirror and then are brought to a parallel beam of light that is further collected by a Fresnel lens to finally form an image on a lenticular lens-screen.

Abstract: This invention discloses a projection apparatus and method for displaying floor, ceiling, and wall coverings. A projector contained within a special projection tower and combined with retroreflective screens provide a means for manufactures to display coverings in a full size perspective even in normal ambient light.

Abstract: A projector has a shortened optical path from a light valve to a screen and a reduction in the depth size of its system, and requires less space to mount. Rays of light emitted from a light valve of the projector are refracted by a converging lens and reflected by a plane mirror to converge at the primary focal point of an elliptical mirror, and then travel toward the secondary focal point whereat the focal point of a parabolic mirror also exists and a projection lens is disposed. The light rays pass through the projection lens, are reflected by the parabolic mirror and then are brought to a parallel beam of light that is further collected by a Fresnel lens to finally form an image on a lenticular lens-screen.

Abstract: In apparatus to facilitate reading of a book or the like by a reader looking upward and rearwardly, the combination comprising support means; a carrier for the book or the like, the carrier supported by the support means so that the book or the like faces forwardly; a first mirror spaced generally forwardly of the carrier and having a reflecting surface facing toward the carrier; a second mirror spaced generally upwardly relative to the first mirror and having a reflecting surface facing forwardly and downwardly toward the eye of the reader; and the mirrors having relative positions characterized in that an optical path extends from a book or the like on the carrier to the first mirror reflecting surface, then to the second mirror reflecting surface, and then to the eye of the reader.

Abstract: An improved overhead projector which allows for automated feeding of transparencies from input and output trays positioned within a body of the projector. The feed mechanism is reversible to allow previously viewed transparencies to be repositioned over a light source on a table of the projector and seen on a display screen. The transparency trays include retractable mechanisms allowing them to be switched from receiving or delivering transparencies into a feed path. An optical projection head includes an adjustable mechanism to automatically reorient a projected image for transparencies in landscape or portrait views. The adjustable mechanism includes a first mirror which is adjustable to reflect light transmitted from the light source directly from the transparency toward the display screen, or to present a thin vertical profile allowing a light image to reflect off second and third mirrors before reflecting again off the first mirror and toward the display screen.

Abstract: A low profile liquid crystal projector unit, and a novel method of using it to project a liquid crystal image with substantially no keystoning effects. An optics arrangement directs high intensity light within the housing along an irregularly shaped light path extending angularly through an angularly inclined liquid crystal display panel offset by an angle .lambda. relative to the normal axis plane of the display panel to help reduce image keystoning. An output mirror mounted above the housing is inclined angularly opposite to the liquid crystal display panel and cooperates with a lens set for projecting reflectively a liquid crystal image, formed by the display panel, onto a remote surface. The output mirror is mounted to reflect the liquid crystal image upwardly at an angle .theta. to the normal axis plane of the remote viewing surface, where the angle .lambda. and the angle .theta. are substantially equal to help reduce image keystoning.

Abstract: The contour image of a workpiece is projected by a conventional lens system onto a first mirror lying in a plane inclined at other than 90.degree. to the optical axis of the lens system. This image is reflected directly (i.e., without the use of any relay lenses) to a second mirror that is spaced from and lies in a plane normal to that containing the first mirror; and from there the image is reflected directly to a third mirror spaced from and lying in a plane normal to each of said first and second mirrors. The third mirror directs an upright and unreversed image directly onto the screen of the projector along an axis parallel to the optical axis of the lens system.

Abstract: Parallel rays of light emitted from a light source are reflected at an angle of approximately 90.degree. by a first reflecting mirror toward a liquid crystal panel. The light reflected from the first reflecting mirror is applied to the pixels of the liquid crystal panel through a light guide lens. An image formed on the liquid crystal panel is projected on a second reflecting mirror through an auxiliary projection lens. The second reflecting mirror has a concave surface formed on the lower end portion thereof such that the concave surface gradually changes into a flat surface toward the upper end thereof. Thus, the second reflecting mirror reflects the image projected by the auxiliary projection lens such that the lower end portion of the image is reduced in size by the concave surface of the mirror.

Abstract: An improved optical baffling device for use with an optical projection system has a base; a plurality of flat reflective surfaces of an equal size on a corresponding member of reflectors mounted on the base, the reflective surfaces being substantially parallel to each other; and the corresponding number of slits disposed in an alternating relationship with the reflective surfaces. A fraction of light from a light source is focused on each of the reflective surfaces and transmitted to a projection screen through a corresponding slit of the optical baffling device. Sine a fraction of light is processed separately, it becomes possible to enhance the optical efficiency of the optical projection system with a reduced amount of modulation of the optical path.

Abstract: An liquid crystal unit, and a novel method of us to project a liquid crystal image with substantially no keystoning effects. A low profile projector optics arrangement directs high intensity light within the housing along an irregularly shaped light path extending angularly through an angularly inclined liquid crystal display panel offset by an angle .lambda. relative to the normal axis plane of the display panel to help reduce image keystoning. An output mirror mounted above the housing is inclined angularly opposite to the liquid crystal display panel and cooperates with a lens set for projecting reflectively a liquid crystal image, formed by the display panel, onto a remote surface. The output mirror is mounted to reflect the liquid crystal image upwardly at an angle .theta. to the normal axis plane of the remote viewing surface, where the angle .lambda. and the angle .theta. are substantially equal to help reduce image keystoning.

Abstract: An original image is divided into a plurality of image parts in the forms of image signals which are then given to liquid crystal light valves, respectively so that liquid crystal light valves display the plurality of image parts therein. These liquid crystal light valves allow light from light sources to pass through so as to form image light beams which are intensity-modulated in accordance with the divided image parts. A plurality of mirrors reflect the image light beams and introduce them onto a projecting lens system. In this arrangement, the plurality of mirrors are located in such a way that their reflecting surfaces do not cross the optical axis of the projecting lens system, and the image light beams are synthesized on the screen so as to reproduce an original image. Accordingly, the pixel density of the original image can be multiplied by a multiplier which equal to the number of used liquid crystal light valves.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes a high power magnifying projector using a liquid crystal light valve.

Abstract: Optical energy from a broadband source is focused on an aperture in an opaque member. The energy exiting the aperture is received off axis by a parabolic mirror which collimates the energy. The collimated energy is reflected from each planar mirror of an actuated mirror array. The reflected energy from the mirror array is re-reflected to the aperture by the parabolic mirror. The orientation of each planar mirror determines the flux which passes through the aperture or is reflected by a reflective face of the opaque member. The energy reflected from this face which is derived from each mirror corresponds to the flux intensity for a corresponding pixel. This energy may then be focused on a screen to display the scene.

Abstract: A projector suitable for a rear projection type receiver is disclosed. The projector has a device for generating an image and an image projecting device for projecting the image to a screen. The image projecting device includes a projection lens system and a reflector. The projection lens system directs the light flux indicative of the image from the image generating device toward the reflector so as to be away from the screen. The reflector bends the light flux and directs the light flux from the reflector to the screen along a predetermined path. The image generating device and the projection lens system are arranged on the side of the predetermined path along the path.

Abstract: An image projection system uses a projection screen formed over at least a portion of a spherical surface, with either a retroreflective or a directional-specific reflecting material, along with a beamsplitter and at least one lens-projector combination for each real image input to the screen. More than one different input image may be simultaneously used, either with each of the different images provided to a different area of the screen for providing juxtaposed real images to a single observer, or with each of the different real images being provided to a different observer. A non-spherical screen may be used if a retroreflective screen material is used in a system for providing simultaneous real images to spatially-separated plural observers.

Abstract: In a projection display device having an illumination optical system which converts the light emitted from a point light source into a substantially parallel luminous flux, a light valve which modulates the light flux, and an optical projection system which projects images on the light valve onto a screen, the illumination optical system converts the light into a substantially parallel luminous flux having a cross section of substantially the same size and shape, e.g., rectangular shape, as the shape of the frame of the light valve.

Abstract: A low-throughput illumination system is described, comprising a radiation source (1), a plurality of condensors (2, 14; 3, 15) for forming a plurality of beams (b.sub.1, b.sub.2) from the radiation supplied by the source and a first reflector (4, 5) for each beam, which reflectors direct the beam towards the principal axis (00'). The system comprises second reflectors (6, 7) which deflect the beams in the direction of the principal axis so that the beams have their narrowest constrictions (8, 9) in the exit plane (10) and are located close together.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for projecting optical images from opaque or transparent objects onto a remote viewing screen includes a plane mirror combination and a reflective projection means. The plane mirror combination comprises an image inverting plane mirror and an image reversing plane mirror. The image inverting plane mirror is positioned angularly over the illuminated object and converts the upright and nonreversed object image into an inverted and reversed image. Disposed close by the image inverting plane mirror is the reflective projection means which comprises a parabolic concave mirror the parabolic concave mirror captures the inverted and reversed image and projects it onto the image reversing plane mirror near by as an enlarged, upright and reversed image. In return, the image reversing plane mirror reflects the enlarged, upright and reversed image onto the remote viewing screen as an enlarged, upright and nonreversed real image.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for projecting optical images from electronic devices with luminous screens such as television receivers or computer terminal displays includes an image inversion means and a reflective projection means. The image inversion means comprises an assembly of two normally intersecting plane mirrors disposed close by the luminous screen. Object images from the luminous screen enter into one of the mirrors of the image inversion means as an upright and nonreversed image and are reflected by the other plane mirror out of the image inversion means as an inverted and nonreversed image. The reflective projection means comprises a parabolic concave mirror, positioned close by the image inversion means, and which captures the inverted and nonreversed image and projects it into a remote viewing screen as an enlarged, upright and nonreversed real image.

Abstract: An overhead projector comprises, a main body, a light source disposed in the main body for emitting a light, a Fresnel lens disposed on an upper surface of the main body, an internal mirror for reflecting the emitted light toward the Fresnel lens, disposed rotatably in the main body such that a portion of the internal mirror is protruded from a bottom of the main body to an outside of the main body upon a use of the projector and is accommodated in the main body upon a non-use of the projector, an arm connected with the main body at one longitudinal end thereof, a projection lens held by the other longitudinal end of the arm for focusing the reflected light which has passed through the Fresnel lens and an original for a projection placed on the Fresnel lens, and a projection mirror for directing the focused light from the projection lens toward a screen.

Abstract: A projecting apparatus has a fixed mirror and two rotary mirrors whose rotary axes cross each other at a right angle are disposed on the projection side of a slide projector. An image is moved on a screen by controlling the angle of rotation of each of the rotary mirrors. With this arrangement, it is possible to impart motion to the image without need to perform projection while switching the slide projectors or to move the slide projectors themselves.

Abstract: A holographic display apparatus, for displaying an image embodied in a hologram, has a hologram support for receiving and supporting a hologram in a viewing position, a reference light source disposed adjacent a boundary of the hologram support in a predetermined baffled position such that light emanating from the source cannot fall directly onto a hologram supported on the support, and at least one light reflecting surface disposed adjacent that boundary of the support and arranged to direct light from the source onto a hologram supported on the support so as to be incident on the hologram at a predetermined acute reference angle, which angle corresponds substantially to the angle of incidence relative to the hologram of a predetermined reference light used in producing that hologram. The at least one reflecting surface may be planar, or curved in one or more directions. Holograms in a variety of different forms may be illuminated.

Abstract: A deep-UV step-and-repeat photolithography system includes a narrow-bandwidth pulsed excimer laser illumination source and an all-fused-silica lens assembly. The system is capable of line definition at the 0.5-micrometer level. One significant feature of the system is its ability to perform wafer focus tracking by simply changing the frequency of the laser.

Abstract: A light source (L) is disposed on an optical axis (O--O) and a first reflecting mirror (M.sub.1) and a second reflecting mirror (M.sub.2) are fixedly provided adjacent to the optical axis. For instance, each of these first and second reflecting mirrors is defined by a surface of revolution of a curved line generated around the optical axis (L). The first reflecting mirror (M.sub.1) has such a three-dimensional configuration that a uniform distribution of the light rays reflected thereby is obtained. The second reflecting mirror (M.sub.2) has such a three-dimensional configuration that the light rays reflected from the first reflecting mirror (M.sub.1) is reflected by the second reflecting mirror (M.sub.2) so as to converge at one point (13) on the axis (O--O). Therefore, the light rays are emitted from the one point (13) with a predetermined directivity.

Abstract: A prism assembly for a single light valve, full-color projector is disclosed. The prism assembly is adapted to polarize and separate the white illumination light into the three primary colors. Three separate input images corresponding to the information for the red, green and blue components of the full image are applied to separate regions of the light valve photoresponsive layer. The prism assembly comprises three channels, one for each of the primary colors. Each channel polarizes the illumination light into P-polarized colored light which is reflected onto the region of the light valve corresponding to the respective input image. The illumination light in each channel is reflected by the respective region of the light valve as respective beams each including an image bearing component of one polarization state and a second beam component of the opposite polarization state.

Abstract: A condenser useful in ring-field optics includes a device for homogenizing light with little or no change in light cone angle, or in the polar distribution of light linked to a device for channeling the light emerging from the homogenizing device equally, but with variable intensity, into an arc of light spots having a predetermined intensity, radius, width and direction, a device for magnifying the width of the arc of light spots, and for reducing proportionately its cone angle in the direction of its width while converting its shape from elliptical to circular with substantially symmetrical distribution of light, a device for transferring the circular arc of light spots to, and focusing the arc at an image plane while homogenizing the light along the length of the arc, and a device for easily changing arc radius. This condenser may include an autocollimator for aligning the condenser elements with one another, and with the projection optics of a photolithographic device.

Abstract: A microscope with a projector, comprising in combination: a mirror guiding skylight into the microscope; a lamp as a light source to emit light directly through said reflector into the microscope; a body tube having a fixed reflector and a rotatable mirror instead of eyepiece; a projector window in said body tube below said rotatable mirror; a screen located in the top of said body tube; and a hood used to cover said screen.

Abstract: A color display is produced by overlaying two images from a single light valve. Filters are used to select the two primary colors used in the display. The two projection beams are folded and merged onto a dichroic mirror where they combine so that they follow an identical path to the screen. The dichroic mirror is positioned so that the two projection beams are equivalent when they strike the dichroic mirror. The dichroic mirror is an interference filter which reflects the spectral band passed by the first filter over a range of incident angles and transmits the spectral band passed by the second filter over the same range of angles.

Abstract: A hand-held light projector adapted to create on a remote display screen a light show presenting Lissajous figures whose patterns depend on how the projector is shaken by the operator. The projector includes a light bulb whose rays are focused to form a light beam that is directed onto a first spring-mounted mirror that when the projector is shaken, then oscillates about a horizontal axis, the beam deflected by the first mirror being cast on a second spring-mounted mirror that oscillates about a vertical axis. The beam deflected by the second mirror is cast on and scans the remote screen to produce a light trace thereon whose path is the resultant of the concurrent oscillations of the two mirrors to create on the screen Lissajous figures whose patterns depend on the frequencies and amplitudes of the oscillations.