Abstract: A test image projector operating in the ultraviolet through infrared specm that is comprised of two symmetrically mounted identical mirrors which are off-axis sections of an astronomical quality parabola. The first mirror produces collimated beams from object points and reflects these collimated beams onto the second mirror while the second mirror refocuses the collimated beams into diffraction limited image points, and thus provides a diffraction limited test image. The test image is used to check the quality of optical and electrooptical systems.

Abstract: A compact, portable microfiche reader is provided which is characterized by two series of mirrors which split the beam, and fold it, as two separate components, enabling the reader to be much more compact than a standard microfiche reader. A typewriter-style fiche holder is also incorporated in the unit.

Abstract: A projection system that is particularly suited for simulating aircraft flight includes a large dome and a projector and optical system that are located outside of the dome. The dome has a diffuse reflective surface that is presented inwardly. The projector produces a pattern of light which is redirected by the optical system such that it passes through an aperture in the dome, and is cast upon a wide area of the diffuse reflective surface as an image of a scene, particularly a scene that one might encounter from the cockpit of an aircraft. The optical system includes a concave mirror that is presented toward the aperture, a wide angle lens that is along the axis of the mirror, and a system of lens and folding mirrors for transmitting the light from the projector to the wide angle lens. The wide angle lens is located such that its pupil upon being reflected from the concave mirror reforms or comes into focus at the aperture in the dome.

Abstract: A projecting apparatus for forming an image of a mask on a wafer by a projector of a unit magnification reflection system having a concave spherical mirror and a convex spherical mirror. The distance from the projector to the mask or the upper side of a mask holder for holding the mask and the distance from the projector to the wafer are measured. An error of the image-forming position is computed from the distance measurements. At least one of the mask, the wafer and the projector is moved along the direction of projection in a manner to eliminate the error of the image-forming position computed, thus attaining automatic focus adjustment.

Abstract: A roll and pitch motion optical system, particularly for a ground-based flight simulator visual display using a raster-scanned laser optical projector and a concave part-spherical display screen and requiring a wide-angle display. The optical system uses an input concave paraboloidal mirror and an output convex paraboloidal mirror of complementary shape. The intermediate optics comprise a collimator to constrict the display beam envelope, roll and pitch prisms positioned in the constricted area and close to the output mirror and a concave spherical mirror to reflect beams from the pitch prism back onto the output paraboloidal mirror.

Abstract: This disclosure describes an apparatus for an optical visual display in a simulator training apparatus to develop a realistic infinity virtual image. Two spherical mirrors are positioned facing each other a multiple of their radius apart so that an image projected from above will be focused by one mirror so that an observer viewing the other of the two spherical mirrors will see an infinity virtual image. A modification of this arrangement is described also as providing a tilt in the projected image to develop a startling three-dimensional effect in the viewed image. A modification of this arrangement is described also as providing dual viewing of two differing infinity virtual images utilizing a single optical system.

Abstract: In a projecting apparatus which focuses the image of an object on an intermediate mirror through a lens array and finally projects the reflected image onto a projection plane again through said lens array, a polarizing beam splitter is provided between the object plane and the lens array to reduce the light loss and to compactize the apparatus.

Abstract: An ommateal image projector of a type, in which a single or a plurality of rows of the so-called bar lenses having a longer length in the direction of its optical axis than the effective lens diameter thereof are arranged, each bar lens projecting a partial image of an object to be projected onto a mirror surface, and the partial image formed on this mirror surface forming again this partial image onto the image projecting surface by the same bar lens. The entire image of the object is formed on the projecting surface by row of the bar lenses, and the total image thus formed is an erected image.

Abstract: This invention relates to a system for illuminating an annular field disposed about an axis characterized by an arcuate source of radiation disposed concentrically about the axis, and an annular field imaging system having an axis of symmetry coincident with said axis for forming an image of the arcuate source on the annular field.

Abstract: The invention provides a portable reader for reading, by way of a magnified image, microform material such as microfiche or microfilm. The reader has a support for the microform material and a light source to pass light through the material. A projection lens is provided to project an image of the material on to a screen and there is also a biocular magnifier lens through which an observer can view a magnified version of the image. A partial reflector is disposed in the light paths between the projection lens and the screen and between the screen and the biocular magnifier lens so that light travels from the projection lens to the screen via the partial reflector and from the screen to the biocular magnifier lens via the partial reflector. In a convenient arrangement light travelling from the projection lens is reflected by the partial reflector towards the screen, and light travelling from the screen is transmitted through the partial reflector to the biocular magnifier lens.

Abstract: A microfiche reader according to the present invention includes a housing consisting of a hood portion and a base portion, a screen located within the hood portion and visible through the front end of the hood, a combined microfiche carriage and index holder, a lens assembly and a projection system. The combined microfiche carriage and index holder serves to accurately locate the microfiche with respect to the index grid. By reason of the fact that there is no relative movement between the index grid and the microfiche in use, it is always possible to accurately locate the microfiche with respect to the projection system by reference to the index grid. The index grid is illuminated by an index illuminating lens carried by the housing. The illuminating lens is located in a fixed relationship with respect to the projection path which again contributes to the facility with which the microfiche may be accurately located in the projection path.

Abstract: A projector casts light rays upon a reflective surface to produce a focused scene, and within the periphery of the scene the reflective surface has a small aperture. Behind the aperture is a concave mirror which is positioned to intercept the projected rays that pass through the aperture. The mirror reflects these rays onto a small screen which is located adjacent to the aperture. The arrangement is such that the reflected rays come into focus at the small screen, producing a focused image of that portion of the scene seemingly lost at aperture. Light from this image is in turn reflected by the mirror so as to create a real image, the location of which is the aperture in the reflective surface. Thus, the real image of the small screen is observed at the void left in the reflective surface by the aperture and blends in with the remainder of the scene on that surface. As a result, the aperture is practically indiscernible.

Abstract: An optical projection apparatus having foldable mirror members which permit the apparatus to be folded into a rigid, compact assembly for ease of installation and transportation. The apparatus comprises a double triangulated optical mirror structure which is interdependently mounted with the projector and screen without reference to the base section. The double triangulated structure provides the required optical rigidity while also folding or collapsing of the apparatus to reduce critical outer dimensions.

Abstract: The invention is a compact, low-cost optical arrangement providing a wide-angle, anamorphic, short-throw image projector and display system. The device includes novel circular cylindric mirrors whose focal lengths may readily be adjusted. Temperature and gravity compensation of the shape of the reflector surface is afforded. A pair of such mirrors disposed with mutually perpendicular axes may be selectively adjusted to control the width-to-height ratio of the final viewable image.

Abstract: An arrangement for projecting film pictures in which a system of lenses are provided on the side of a window facing the light source. A first mirror in the light beam projected by the lens system, forms an angle with the axis of the light beam. The first mirror is rotated about the axis of the light beam, and a second mirror is located in the light beam deflected by the first mirror, at a first rotated position of the first mirror. The plane of the second mirror forms an angle of substantially 45.degree. with the plane of the first mirror located in the first rotated position. A third mirror is located in a second rotated position of the first mirror in the light beam deflected by the first mirror. The plane of the third mirror forms an angle of substantially 45.degree. with the plane of the first mirror when located in the second rotated position.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for constructing a completed image from an incomplete selected sample and for the projection of the image onto a surface upon which an article has been affixed so as to permit the viewing of the article as if the same were positioned in conjunction with the completed image. More specifically, the completed image may be formed from an incomplete framing sample.

Abstract: There is disclosed a light system for projection of images onto a visual read out surface such as a screen or photo receptor recording device such as a xerographic drum. The projection system employs a nonpoint light source which forms a light beam of nonuniform intensity. The light beam is passed through a conical light pipe with a high degree of internal reflection which diffuses the light beam, thereby reducing the nonuniformity of the light beam and also collimates the light beam by internal reflections. The collimated light beam is then modulated with imaging information and is focused onto a visual readout surface such as a screen or a recording device surface.

Abstract: An optical projection apparatus employing lenses between 30 and 150 mils radius. The lenses are arrayed over a surface, near a photographic film which carries microimages. The microimages are projected through the lenses and against mirrors. The mirrors, termed folding mirrors, reduce the length of the projections in a direction along the optic axes of the lenses. The folding mirrors effectively reduce the throwing distance of the lenses thus reducing the thickness of the apparatus. The apparatus is also used to record.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a microform reader apparatus of the type which projects a magnified image of an image film frame onto the rear side of a viewing screen to facilitate forward viewing of the magnified image. The microform reader of the present invention includes an adjustable mirror assembly positioned between a light source and condensing lens for optimizing the brightness of the displayed image. In a preferred form the mirror assembly is adjustable from the front of the microform reader to allow simultaneous monitoring of the brightness of the display while the adjustment is being made. The microform reader of the present invention also includes an adjustable lens assembly which allows the optical axis of the lens assembly to be adjusted for perpendicularity to the image frame surface.

Abstract: A reflecting system utilizing a uniquely designed external mirror of specified shape to project and reflect light beams, distortion-free to the eye, from a light source to a receiving surface. The light source is uniquely positioned in relation to the mirror and supplemental mirrors may also be utilized to afford flexibility in the positioning of the elements. A uniquely designed reflector is constructed of a plurality of points specifically determined by an iterative method of solution utilizing as critical variables the size of the viewing surface, the distance from the light source to the reflector and the distance from the reflector to the receiving surface.

Abstract: A wide angle projector is disclosed for projecting an image having an illuminated and unilluminated region on either side of a straight boundary region which defines a datum plane established by the orientation of the projector. The image is detected at a position removed from the projector by an instrument which establishes the center of the boundary region and indicates its position to indicate the position of the datum plane. The wide angle projection is accomplished by the use of cylindrical reflecting optics bounded by reflecting sidewalls and a reticle in the form of an occluding knife edge or a knife edge at the edge of a reflecting surface, depending on the particular projection system utilized.

Abstract: A label incorporating a plurality of concentric rings having two different light reflective characteristics provides a binary coded label on which any desired information can be displayed, and which may be secured to various objects. By passing the label in any orientation over a label scanning assembly which provides a scanning light beam, the label code signal is read and transmitted to a label information assembly which converts the label signal to digital signals, determines when the entire label signal has been read, and transmits the complete label information to data storage.

Abstract: A viewing system for an annular projection system, particularly useful to provide a view of a semiconductor wafer on which an image of a integrated circuit mask pattern has been projected using an annular field projection system in which the field of view can be as large as the large dimension of that portion of the annular region subtended by the wafer thereby permitting ideal coarse alignment of the mask and wafer. The system further includes means to illuminate the mask and wafer separately and in different colors to thereby simplify the distinction of one from the other in the combined image thus facilitating the alignment task.

Abstract: An optical system for projecting an image of an object, operating between fixed object and image planes. Both the object conjugate and the image conjugate are variable to vary the magnification in the system. This is accomplished without moving the optical axis by means of a first roof mirror on the object side of the lens and a second roof mirror on the image side of the lens. These mirrors each fold the optical axis by 90.degree. and are movable along a locus at 45.degree. to the optical axis to change the object and image distances.

Abstract: A compact imaging apparatus and rear projection display device are described wherein an image of an object is focused on an image area which is displaced and rotated from the object plane. A pair of planar mirrors of predetermined shape are selectively located to fold the image beam from an image device and provide an image of desired orientation on the image area. A compact camera for producing a large image area in a small volume is described and is particularly useful in connection with so-called instantly developed photographic films. A rear projection device is described, having an optical arrangement which confers a high degree of immunity to ambient light. An image beam is projected upwardly against a first mirror, reflected toward a second mirror behind a projection screen, and then reflected forwardly to the projection screen.

Abstract: A projector case assembly designed for use with a projector system which utilizes a system of mirrors to provide enlarged panoramic viewing. The projector case assembly is designed to accommodate any standard movie or slide projector and it serves as both support means during the time of actual projection and as a storage means when the equipment is not in use.