Abstract: An automatic feeder system may include: an input bin configured to store at least one physical request slip; a feeder unit; and a support frame. The feeder unit may include a feed neck operable to automatically obtain a physical request slip from the input bin and convey it out from an outlet of the feed neck. The support frame may support the feeder unit so that the outlet is configured to engage with an input of a retailer system engaged with the automatic feeder system such that conveyance of the physical request slip out from the outlet causes the physical request slip to enter the input of the retailer system and cause the retailer system to generate a physical ticket for the game of chance based on the physical request slip.

Abstract: The inspecting method is for a product including a transparent substrate and a part placed at a predetermined position within a front surface of the transparent substrate, and includes an imaging step and an evaluating step. The imaging step is a step of taking an image of the front surface by an imaging device with the front surface being illuminated by an illuminating device. The evaluating step is a step of evaluating a degree of matching between an image which is derived from the image (P10) taken by the imaging device and shows a position corresponding to the predetermined position and its vicinity, and a template. The template is indicative of a positional relationship between a real image and a virtual image, of the part in a case where the part is placed at the predetermined position correctly.

Abstract: A local video communication device, the device includes a local translucent display device and a local camera; the local translucent display device is configured to display remote video information, and the local camera is configured to capture local user's video information; wherein the local camera is a movable camera and is placed on a back of the local translucent display device, and the local translucent display device further comprises a micro processing unit, the micro processing unit includes a video capture and processing module, a location acquisition module, a communication module, a display module, and a position control module; the video capture and processing module is configured to capture and process the local user's video information, the location acquisition module is configured to obtain the local user's face location, the position control module is configured to move the local camera.

Abstract: A head-mounted virtual image display apparatus has a projector that directs image-bearing light beams along a projection axis. A planar waveguide is configured to receive the image-bearing light beams through an input aperture and to form expanded image-bearing light beams that are output from an output aperture of the waveguide. An optical coupler is configured to receive the image-bearing light beams along the projection axis, to reorient the projection axis with respect to the waveguide, to rotate the image-bearing light beams about the projection axis, and to direct the rotated image-bearing beams along the reoriented projection axis through the input aperture of the waveguide.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus including: a display control unit configured to display highlighting corresponding to an in-focus degree of a subject included in an image on the basis of predetermined sensitivity and to perform control so that the sensitivity is determined depending on a predetermined condition.

Abstract: An image pickup apparatus which enhances usability in shooting in a case where a user sets an initial lens position. A system control unit starts shifting a zoom position of a taking lens in response to start of a zooming operation in which the zoom position is changed, and stops shifting the zoom position in response to termination of the zooming operation. When the zoom position reaches a predetermined zoom position, which is inside an optical zoom range and is neither an optical wide-angle end nor an optical telephoto end, while the zoom position is being shifted in a first direction in response to a first zooming operation for shifting the zoom position in the first direction, the system control unit provides control to fix the zoom position at the predetermined zoom position even when the first zooming operation has not been terminated.

Abstract: An imaging catoptric optical unit has at least four mirror, which image an object field in an object plane into an image field in an image plane. A first chief ray plane of the optical unit is prescribed by propagation of a chief ray of a central object field point during the reflection at one of the mirrors. A second chief ray plane of the optical unit is prescribed by propagation of the chief ray of the central object field point during the reflection at one of the other mirrors. The two chief ray planes include an angle that differs from 0. In an alternative or additional aspect, the imaging optical unit, considered via the image field, has a maximum diattenuation of 10% or a diattenuation that prefers a tangential polarization of the imaging light for a respectively considered illumination angle. The result of both aspects is an imaging optical unit in which bothersome polarization influences are reduced during the reflection of imaging light at the mirrors of the imaging optical unit.

Abstract: The disclosure generally relates to imaging optical systems that include a plurality of mirrors, which image an object field lying in an object plane in an image field lying in an image plane, where at least one of the mirrors has a through-hole for imaging light to pass through. The disclosure also generally relates to projection exposure installations that include such imaging optical systems, methods of using such projection exposure installations, and components made by such methods.

Abstract: The disclosure generally relates to imaging optical systems that include a plurality of mirrors, which image an object field lying in an object plane in an image field lying in an image plane, where at least one of the mirrors has a through-hole for imaging light to pass through. The disclosure also generally relates to projection exposure installations that include such imaging optical systems, methods of using such projection exposure installations, and components made by such methods.

Abstract: The disclosure generally relates to imaging optical systems that include a plurality of mirrors, which image an object field lying in an object plane in an image field lying in an image plane, where at least one of the mirrors has a through-hole for imaging light to pass through. The disclosure also generally relates to projection exposure installations that include such imaging optical systems, methods of using such projection exposure installations, and components made by such methods.

Abstract: A projection optical system including a unity magnification reflecting optical system which forms an intermediate image of an object positioned on an object plane. The reflecting optical system includes a first mirror which reflects light emitted from the object plane, an optical system which reflects the light from the first mirror, and a second mirror which reflects the light from the optical system toward a forming position of the intermediate image. The first mirror, the second mirror and the optical system are positioned so as to satisfy a condition in which a distance between a position of reflection of the light on the second mirror and the forming position of the intermediate image is smaller than a distance between a position of reflection of the light on the first mirror and the object plane.

Abstract: A measurement apparatus includes a beam splitter that splits light from a light source into measurement light to be directed to an object to be measured and reference light to be directed to a reference surface, a beam combiner that combines the measurement light reflected by the object and the reference light reflected by the reference surface to generate combined light, and obtains physical information of the object based on the combined light. The measurement apparatus further includes a coherence controller which changes spatial coherences of the measurement light and the reference light.

Abstract: The disclosure generally relates to imaging optical systems that include a plurality of mirrors, which image an object field lying in an object plane in an image field lying in an image plane, where at least one of the mirrors has a through-hole for imaging light to pass through. The disclosure also generally relates to projection exposure installations that include such imaging optical systems, methods of using such projection exposure installations, and components made by such methods.

Abstract: An optical arrangement in an optical system, such as a microlithographic projection exposure apparatus, includes: at least one heat-emitting subsystem which emits heat during the operation of the optical system; a first heat shield which is arranged such that it at least partly absorbs the heat emitted by the heat-emitting subsystem; a first cooling device which is in mechanical contact with the first heat shield and is designed to dissipate heat from the first heat shield; and a second heat shield which at least partly absorbs heat emitted by the first heat shield. The second heat shield is in mechanical contact with a cooling device that dissipates heat from the second heat shield.

Abstract: The disclosure generally relates to imaging optical systems that include a plurality of mirrors, which image an object field lying in an object plane in an image field lying in an image plane, where at least one of the mirrors has a through-hole for imaging light to pass through. The disclosure also generally relates to projection exposure installations that include such imaging optical systems, methods of using such projection exposure installations, and components made by such methods.

Abstract: A imaging assembly for generating a light beam suitable for sintering comprises a lamp housing and a lamp mounted in the lamp housing comprising a filament and a lamp base, wherein the lamp is oriented with the lamp base to the side of the filament. The imaging assembly further comprises a reflector, an aperture, and at least one condenser lens configured to focus light emitted by the filament through the aperture. The imaging assembly further comprises a set of achromatic doublet lenses, each achromatic doublet lens comprising three surfaces optimized to focus light at three wavelengths, wherein the set of achromatic doublet lenses focuses light over a range including the three wavelengths. The imaging assembly further comprises an outer lens, wherein the focused light beam exits the imaging assembly through the outer lens.

Abstract: Provided are apparatuses for processing a surface of a substrate using direct and recycled radiation reflected from the substrate. The apparatus includes a radiation source positioned to direct a radiation beam toward a beam image forming system that forms a beam image on the substrate surface and a recycling system. The recycling system collects radiation reflected from the substrate surface and redirects it back toward the beam image on the substrate in a +1× manner. As a result, radiation incident on and reflected from the substrate is recycled through multiple cycles. This improves the uniformity of the radiation absorbed by the substrate in instances where the thin film patterns on the substrate would otherwise result in non-uniform absorption and uneven heating. Exemplary recycling systems suitable for use with the invention include Offner and Dyson relay systems as well as variants thereof.

Abstract: A display device or an input device includes: a display section for simultaneously displaying (i) a first image in a first direction and (ii) a second image, which is different from the first image, in a second direction different from the first direction; and a reflecting section. The reflecting section reflects the second image, which is displayed on the display section, toward a viewing position where the first image is viewable and recognizable. This allows a user to simultaneously view (i) the first image displayed in the first direction by the display device or the input device and (ii) the second image displayed in the second direction by the display device or the input device.

Abstract: A radiation source for generating electromagnetic radiation includes an anode, a cathode, and a discharge space. The anode and the cathode are configured to create a discharge in a substance in the discharge space to form a plasma so as to generate the electromagnetic radiation. The radiation source also includes a fuel supply constructed and arranged to supply at least a component of the substance to a location near the discharge space. The fuel supply is located at a distance from the anode and the cathode. The radiation source also includes a further supply constructed and arranged to create and/or maintain a cooling and/or protective layer on or near the anode and/or cathode.

Abstract: An exposure method includes the light incidence step of letting at least a part of light emitted from a light source for exposure use be incident on a mask supported by a supporting device, and the imaging step of forming an image of a mask pattern on a photosensitive material by guiding the reflecting light from the mask such that the photosensitive material supported by the supporting device receives the reflecting light coming from an incidence direction which is different from the incidence direction of the light incident on the mask.

Abstract: The invention relates to an exposure apparatus, in particular for wavelength-dependent light outcoupling, in which at least one preferably wavelength-dependent mirror layer is located within an exposure beam path of a lamp, which mirror layer is used to divide the beam path into a spectral portion used for exposure, and into an unused spectral portion. The object of the invention is to provide an exposure apparatus and a method with which the quality of exposure can be optimized using simple means. The object on which the invention is based is attained according to the invention by locating a mirror in the beam path of the unused region of the spectrum that reflects the unused spectral range in the direction of a mirror layer, and a portion of this is projected onto a viewing screen for adjustment purposes.

Abstract: A system and method for increasing a scan rate in a photolithography system by increasing a unit travel length while maintaining a minimum resolution is provided. The method includes determining the minimum resolution and a pixel spacing distance equal to the unit travel length. The method also includes calculating a window size based on the minimum resolution and the pixel spacing distance. A plurality of windows of the calculated size are established so that a pixel in a first window is offset from a pixel in a second window by the minimum resolution in a first dimension and the pixel spacing distance in a second dimension, and one of the plurality of windows is selected for projection onto a subject.

Abstract: Multilayer-film mirrors are disclosed that exhibit high reflectivity to incident X-radiation independently of the angle of incidence and without significantly compromising optical performance. Also disclosed are X-ray optical systems and microlithography apparatus comprising such mirrors. In an embodiment a multilayer-film mirror is formed by alternately laminating Mo layers (a material in which the difference between its refractive index in the weak X-ray band and its refractive index in a vacuum is great) and Si layers (a material in which said difference is small) on a substrate. The ratio (&Ggr;) of the thickness of the Mo layer to the total of the thickness of the Mo layer and the thickness of the Si layer has a distribution based on the distribution of angles of incidence of X-radiation on the mirror surface.

Abstract: An imaging optical system includes a polarization beam splitter, a quarter waveplate, a reflection mirror and polarization state changing unit. The beam from an object plane is projected by way of the polarization beam splitter and the quarter waveplate to reflection mirror. The projected beam is reflected by the reflection mirror and is projected through the quarter waveplate and by way of the polarization beam splitter to an image plane, and the polarization state changing unit is disposed between the polarization beam splitter and the image plane to change the state of polarization of the beam projected by way of the polarization beam splitter. The polarization state changing unit includes a half waveplate effective to transform the beam projected by way of the polarization beam splitter into a rectilinearly polarized beam, being polarized in a desired direction.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system for projecting or displaying images comprising a valve exhibiting a plurality of image-forming elements having a light transmission coefficient which can be controlled so as to present the image, and a means of illuminating the valve comprising a light source and an integrator having two lens arrays associated in such a way that each lens of the second array distributes over the valve the light received from a corresponding lens of the first array. This system comprises a means for focusing the illuminating beam onto the integrator. The dimensions of the integrator are thus minimized. The focusing means comprises, for example, a reflector which reflects the light produced by the source, the integrator being arranged substantially in the focal plane of the reflector.

Abstract: The present invention provides a manufacturing method capable of obtaining minute structures. In order to achieve this, as shown in FIG. 1, a process target material (108) is exposed and the shape thereof is changed by relatively shifting a laser beam or electronic beam (101) against such process target material (108) and simultaneously repeating irradiation in an intermittent manner. Here, a plurality of minute convex or concave shapes are formed on the process target material (108) by employing a branching element (103) for branching a single beam (108) into a plurality of beams (106, 107); a parallel element (104) for converting said plurality of beams into beams which respectively advance in parallel; and a condensing element (105) for condensing the plurality of beams to the process target material (108) and generating a plurality of minute spots thereon.

Abstract: An optical scanning system for a printer includes an optical scanning unit having a deflector divided into a plurality of deflection regions to allow repetitive scanning of light emitted from a light source by rotation, the optical scanning unit for scanning light onto a photosensitive belt traveling around a plurality of rollers; a first photodetector installed at a position separated from the edge of the photosensitive belt, to be able to receivable light scanned beyond the edge of the photosensitive belt; a second photodetector installed a predetermined distance apart from the first photodetector, to be able to receive light scanned just beyond the edge of the photosensitive belt until the light hits the edge of the photosensitive belt; a scanning reference position signal generator for generating a scanning reference position signal at a point in time at which a signal output from the first photodetector in response to the reception of light, and a signal output from the second photodetector in response t

Abstract: A reflection and refraction optical system includes a polarization beam splitter, a concave mirror, a lens group and a quarter waveplate, wherein an additional waveplate is provided to transform S-polarized light from the polarization beam splitter into circularly polarized light.

Abstract: A photolithographic projection system for selectively irradiating a photosensitive layer on a wafer according to a predetermined pattern on a mask is discussed. The photolithographic projection system includes a radiation source which generates radiation such as light. A reflector reflects the radiation from the radiation source on a path which intersects the wafer. This reflector includes a radiation reflecting portion and a phase-shifting and partially reflecting portion adjacent the radiation reflecting portion. The reflecting portion may include a plurality of reflecting portions surrounded by the absorbing portion, or the reflecting portion may surround the absorbing portion. Alternately, the reflector may include a reflecting portion and an absorbing portion adjacent the reflecting portion. Related methods are also discussed.

Abstract: In an image reading method which executes a prescan to obtain optimum reading parameters for a main scan prior to a main scan for reading a document image, a document image is read by illuminating the document image by a specific exposure amount for the prescan and reading the document thereby, detecting the density of the document, and determining the exposure amount for illuminating said document in a main scan in accordance with the detected document density, and determining a wait time to delay the start of the main scan in accordance with the determined exposure amount of the main scan, then starting the reading of the document in a main scan after waiting the determined wait period.

Abstract: An enlargement lens is moved to a retracted position by driving a lens moving deck, and temporarily transferred onto a lens storing deck. After the lens moving deck is returned to its initial position, the enlargement lens is rotatably supported on support rails and rotated about its rotatable shaft to expose a lens surface to the outside for the cleaning. Accordingly, the enlargement lens can easily be cleaned.

Abstract: An image reading apparatus is capable of being switched between an observation state in which an image on a recording medium is projected onto a screen and observed and a read state in which the image is projected onto a reading unit and read. The apparatus includes a projecting lens provided in a lower portion of the apparatus to project the image, a rockable first reflecting member provided in an upper portion of the apparatus to reflect the image light from the projecting lens and, a second reflecting member provided in opposition to the screen to guide the image light reflected by the first reflecting member to the screen. A third reflecting member is provided below the second reflecting member to guide the image light reflected by the first reflecting member to the reading unit. The observation state and the read state are switched by the rocking motion of the first reflecting member.

Abstract: An apparatus for projecting an original image onto a screen or a photosensitive drum includes a controller for correcting a light amount of an original illumination lamp along a scanning direction of the original image. A light amount correction value of the controller is changed so that exposure amount distribution on a projected surface becomes a predetermined value in accordance with a magnification detected from a projection lens.

Abstract: In an image forming apparatus, an image illuminated by an illumination device is projected on a screen or on a recording medium. The focus state of the projected image is detected by a focus detection unit. At least a part of the focus detection unit is moved to detect the focus state over plural areas in the projected image.

Abstract: A reflection and refraction optical system includes a polarization beam splitter, a concave mirror, a lens group and a quarter waveplate, wherein an additional waveplate is provided to transform S-polarized light from the polarization beam splitter into circularly polarized light.

Abstract: An apparatus and method is provided for detecting and sorting a document containing an address change request from a group of documents. The apparatus includes a document transport for conveying the document along a selected path of movement. An image scanner positioned along the selected path is provided for reading an image of the document or of a selected area on the document. The image scanner provides density levels corresponding to discrete areas on the document. An image processor determines a set of density levels corresponding to a test line passing through the selected area on the document. Density level transitions are detected along the selected line when two adjacent areas on the document have substantially different density levels. If a sufficient number of density level transitions are detected along the selected line, the document is sorted from the group of documents.

Abstract: An image exposure apparatus switchable between a reader state for projecting an image on a screen for observation and a scan state for scanning exposure of the image, which includes plural scanning mirrors which integrally move on a same line to effect the image scanning. The mutual distance of the plural scanning mirrors is varied at the switching between the reader state and the scan state.

Abstract: A photometric system structure used in a printer section in which an image of a photographic film is printed onto a photosensitive material through a lens system. The lens system can be removed from an optical axis of light emitted from a light source and replaced by another lens system. A photometric device is disposed on the optical axis of the light emitted from the light source and changes an optical axis direction of at least a part of the light emitted from the light source to measure the light whose optical axis direction has been changed and which is used as photometric light. A beam splitter moves integrally with each of the lens systems.

Abstract: In an apparatus for projecting an image by a projection lens onto a projection surface such as a screen surface or a surface of a recording medium, a prism for rotating the projection image is disposed on the exit side of the projection lens so that the entrance-side optical axis of the prism deviates from the exit-side optical axis thereof. An image-forming lens and a focal point detecting unit for detecting a focus state of the projection lens on the projection surface are disposed on a reflection side of a half mirror. When the focal point detecting unit detects the focus state of the projection lens, an adjusting unit effects a relative rotation between the prism and the image-forming lens and focal point detecting unit so as to make the exit-side optical axis of the prism coincide with the optical axis of the image-forming lens.

Abstract: A reader-printer typified by discharging a print sheet from a printer unit towards the front surface of the apparatus. The central line of a projection lens is positioned on one side of the apparatus as viewed from the front surface of the apparatus with respect to the central line of a projection screen of a reader unit. The central line of a print discharging section in the print sheet discharging/conveying direction is positioned on the other side thereof.

Abstract: A portable apparatus for printing an image on a film or monitoring the image on a display screen. An image generator, such as a CRT, generates a viewable image. The display screen is in optical communication with the image generator and defines a first optical path. A first reflector is selectively movable into the first optical path to intercept the generated image in order to reflect the image over a second folded optical path, defined by second and third reflectors, to the film. Along the second folded optical path is an optical filter for filtering predetermined frequency components of the generated image. In a print mode, the first reflector is driven into the first optical path, such that the film is in optical communication with the image generator, for exposing the film to the generated image. In a monitor mode, the first reflector is driven out of the first optical path, such that the display screen is in optical communication with the image generator for displaying the generated image.

Abstract: A mask for evaluation of an aligner includes, on a transparent substrate, a plurality of resistance measurement pattern blocks each including a plurality of resistance measurement patterns which have shapes identical to each other. Resistance values of respective measurement patterns of conductive film portions on a substrate exposed and formed by using a mask having a plurality of the same measurement patterns vary in dependency upon the accuracy of a lens, etc. of the aligner. Accordingly, this evaluation mask is used to carry out exposure process to etch a conductive film to measure resistance values of the conductive film portions to compare them to each other, thereby making it possible to carry evaluation of an aligner including evaluation of a lens therefor.

Abstract: A print control method for a microfilm reader enlarges a recorded image on a microfilm to the size of an original copy and projects the image on a screen; detects a black frame from an array indicated by image signals which are obtained by being binarized; selects one or more images from the entire area of the images; modifies images other than selected image to black frames; erases the modified black frames; enlarges the selected images at a magnification which can be arbitrarily set; and prints them out. The entire enlarged and projected image without any missing parts is included in the display area of the screen without making the screen too large. If plural images are contained in the display area of the read image, or if part of an image is outside of the display area, it is possible to output only the required images by extracting them and erasing unnecessary images together with the black frames. Moreover, paper can be efficiently utilized by arbitrarily changing the print magnification.

Abstract: An automated focus point control device wherein the focus point is aligned by adjusting a projection optical unit based on signals outputted from a sensor which detects the light transmitted through a boundary portion of a margin portion and a frame portion of a film.An automated focus point control device wherein the focus position is determined by detecting a projected image contrast on a priority basis at three points including the center position and lateral positions at both sides of the center position within the adjusting range of a projecting system.

Abstract: In a reader printer, an upper unit for a printer is made to be rotatable toward an upper unit for a reader, both of which are provided on a lower machine box. The upper reader unit includes a screen for displaying an image. The upper unit for the printer rotates to enter a space in the upper reader unit behind the reflecting member closest to the screen so that a predetermined opening is provided between the lower machine box and the upper printer unit to expose the inside of the apparatus.

Abstract: An image projection apparatus switchable between a reader mode in which an image is projected on a screen for observation and a printer mode in which an exposure position is scan exposed to the image for obtaining a copied image comprises a support member for supporting two scanning mirrors in a mutually perpendicular manner, and a transport member for supporting and transporting the support member for scanning exposure. An arc-shaped guide portion is provided on the support member or on the transport member, whereby the support member can effect a rotating motion on the transport member, about the crossing point of the two scanning mirrors, and the scanning mirrors effect a rotating motion combined with a linear motion at the scanning exposure.

Abstract: There is disclosed an apparatus including a guide member for guiding a photographed film, an illumination unit for illuminating the film, a reflection member for reflecting light from the film, a conversion unit for photoelectrically converting light reflected by the reflection member, and a housing which builds in at least the conversion unit and the illumination unit.

Abstract: A method and device for rotating images about an optical axis by changing the direction of a light path by a composite mirror unit having a simple structure. A printing device has a light source for emitting light to an image Xa on a negative film, a printing lens for adjusting the magnification of the light that passes through the image, and a composite mirror unit for reversing the light path to print an image Ya on a printing material. The entire composite mirror unit can be rotated through a predetermined angle about a rotary shaft by a driving motor. The composite mirror unit has two oppositely arranged mirrors which are mounted on separate blocks and so as to be inclined by 45.degree. with respect to the vertical. By turning the unit by .+-.45.degree. from the reference position (0.degree.), the image will rotate by 90.degree. or 270.degree. with respect to the image Xa.

Abstract: A method of producing photographic prints in a printer is provided, in which it is possible to adjust at least the color composition of the light to be emitted by an exposure means of the printer, an image of a master photographic image being reproduced on the screen of a color monitor by making use of an image converter means, which is adapted to be introduced temporarily into the ray path of the printer. The monitor image is calibrated at least with regard to the color of a first optimized print while maintaining the copying light constant. An exposure means suitable for carrying out this method is also described.

Abstract: An image pickup apparatus which enhances usability in shooting in a case where a user sets an initial lens position. A system control unit starts shifting a zoom position of a taking lens in response to start of a zooming operation in which the zoom position is changed, and stops shifting the zoom position in response to termination of the zooming operation. When the zoom position reaches a predetermined zoom position, which is inside an optical zoom range and is neither an optical wide-angle end nor an optical telephoto end, while the zoom position is being shifted in a first direction in response to a first zooming operation for shifting the zoom position in the first direction, the system control unit provides control to fix the zoom position at the predetermined zoom position even when the first zooming operation has not been terminated.