Abstract: A lithographic apparatus includes an illumination system configured to condition a radiation beam; a support constructed to support a patterning device, the patterning device being capable of imparting the radiation beam with a pattern in its cross-section to form a patterned radiation beam; a substrate table including a substrate holder constructed to hold a substrate; and a projection system configured to project the patterned radiation beam onto a target portion of the substrate, wherein the substrate table is constructed and arranged to reduce or eliminate slip and hysteresis in position and orientation between the substrate table and the substrate holder.

Abstract: The reading apparatus is provided with: an optical image forming unit that forms an optical image on a recording medium by irradiating, with light, the recording medium on which an image is formed and which is transported in a slow scan direction; a reading unit that reads a position in a fast scan direction of the image formed on the recording medium transported in the slow scan direction and a position in a fast scan direction of the optical image, by using a minification optical system; and a registration correction unit that corrects a registration error in the fast scan direction of the image read by the reading unit, by using the position in the fast scan direction of the optical image read by the reading unit.

Abstract: A method is provided for processing image data read from a book document placed on a platen of an image reading apparatus. The method includes determining a background pixel of the image data based on a luminance difference or a color difference between neighboring pixel arrays, identifying a shadow region based on a luminance change between the neighboring background pixel arrays, discriminatively detecting a shadow of a binding portion and a shadow of a front edge in a document region with reference to a changing direction of shadow luminance, and performing a luminance correction on the shadow region according to characteristics of the shadows.

Abstract: A method is provided for processing image data read from a book document placed on a platen of an image reading apparatus. The method includes determining a background pixel of the image data based on a luminance difference or a color difference between neighboring pixel arrays, identifying a shadow region based on a luminance change between the neighboring background pixel arrays, discriminatively detecting a shadow of a binding portion and a shadow of a front edge in a document region with reference to a changing direction of shadow luminance, and performing a luminance correction on the shadow region according to characteristics of the shadows.

Abstract: A method is provided for processing image data read from a book document placed on a platen of an image reading apparatus. The method includes determining a background pixel of the image data based on a luminance difference or a color difference between neighboring pixel arrays, identifying a shadow region based on a luminance change between the neighboring background pixel arrays, discriminatively detecting a shadow of a binding portion and a shadow of a front edge in a document region with reference to a changing direction of shadow luminance, and performing a luminance correction on the shadow region according to characteristics of the shadows.

Abstract: A bookbinding apparatus for producing a booklet by coating an adhesive onto a back side of a bundle of sheets and by pasting a book cover onto the back side of the bundle of sheets, comprises: an oblique cutout portion forming section to form a cutout on an edge of each sheet of the bundle of sheets in such a way that an oblique cutout portion is formed along the width of the back side of the bundle of sheets; a sheet bundle accommodating section to accommodate the bundle of sheets on which the oblique cutout portion is formed; a coating section to coat an adhesive on the back side of the bundle of sheets accommodated in the sheet bundle accommodating section; and a bookbinding section to paste a book cover on the adhesive-coated back side of the bundle of sheets so as to produce the booklet.

Abstract: Two transparent plates constitute with each other an angle variable from about 60 to 120 degrees along their common edge. A book to photograph is opened at the chosen pages and placed sitting on said common edge. A photographic camera is attached near the free edge of one of the plates through a supporting element in such a way that the optical axis of the camera stays perpendicular to the one plate. A first planar mirror, which has one edge in common with the common edges of the transparent plates, is maintained exactly in the middle of the angle formed by the transparent plates but can be folded against the one plate. A second mirror which has one edge in common with the one plate near its free edge, is maintained perpendicular to the reference position of the first mirror.

Abstract: There is provided an image input apparatus for photoelectrically reading an image and applying predetermined image processing to image data obtained so as to provide output image data comprising a pre-reading section, a processing-condition setting section, a display section, an adjusting section, a read-condition determining section, a section for definitely deciding the image processing conditions and a designating section. According to the image input apparatus, it is possible to stably output a print (visible image) reproduced from a quality image by properly making a reproduction of the image.

Abstract: In an image reading apparatus in which a document is read with scanning by a image pickup device, a height of the document and an outline of the document are detected. Based on the detected height and outline data, together with a calculating of a document size, an offset amount from a setting reference position of the document is calculated. Based on the calculations, the image is processed properly. Also, if the document is not placed correctly or a degree of an image distortion is not within a correctable range, an alarm is issued.

Abstract: A process for restoring the color of faded color negative film, particular for faded color motion pictures. The original faded negative film is used to produce a green enhancement mask and a blue enhancement mask (or a combination green/blue enhancement mask). Standard red, green, and blue separations are also made from the original faded negative. By combining the green and blue enhancement masks with the standard green and blue separations, respectively, (or the combination green/blue enhancement mask with the green separations and blue separations), enhanced green and blue separations are created. The enhanced green separation, the enhanced blue separation, and the red separation are recombined to form the restored color negative or interpositive. Alternately, from the original negative, an enhanced blue mask can be created, and intermediate film stock printed with yellow light passed through the original negative to produce unprocessed intermediate stock can be created.

Abstract: The invention provides an accessory for use in copying a page of a bound material using a copier having a scanning window and an optical reader on one side of the window. The accessory includes a page engaging member for engaging a face of the page to be copied, the page engaging member having a light transmitting element engageable with a main portion of the face, and a side edge engageable with the face near a binding region of the bound material. The light transmitting element is adapted to transmit light from the copier to the main portion and back to the copier for processing by the optical reader. The accessory further includes a locator coupled to the page engaging member for locating the page in a selected position relative to the light transmitting element and means coupled to the page engaging member for positioning the accessory relative to the copier with the light transmitting element in registration with the window.

Abstract: An apparatus for imaging books or other bound volumes which includes a book supporting system and an optical system positioned above the book supporting system and mounted for movement along a vertical axis toward and away from the book support system. The book support system includes an inner platform and an outer platform with the inner platform being mounted for vertical movement relative to the outer platform. A cradle having pivotable side support plates is mounted on the inner platform, and support arms are mounted on the outer platform. The support arms are positioned so that the support plates rest thereon so that as the cradle is moved downwardly, the support arms pivot the side support plates upwardly.

Abstract: An image reader for reading book-like documents placed on a document platen in a face upward condition, said image reader comprises a shading reference panel provided beside the document platen which is white in color and of uniform density, an image reading device which reads the document platen on which the book-like document is placed and the shading reference panel, and outputs image data, a height detector which detects a height distribution of the book-like document, an illuminance detector which detects an illuminance irregularity in accordance with the image data corresponding to the shading reference panel, calculator which calculates shading correction data in accordance with the height distribution and the illuminance irregularity on the shading reference panel and, shading corrector which corrects the illuminance irregularity of the image data corresponding to the book-like document in accordance with the shading correction data.

Abstract: The amount of light emitted from a lamp is adjusted by a turret and a diaphragm for each light of the component colors and is irradiated on a photographic film via a light diffusion box. Light transmitted through the photographic film is made incident on a three-line CCD via a lens unit. In order to read a film image, first, the photographic film is conveyed at high speed in a predetermined direction and is read under a predetermined reading condition (pre-scan), and based on image data obtained by the reading, a recorded position of each image is determined and a reading condition during fine scan is calculated for each image, and each image is read under the calculated reading condition while the film is conveyed at relatively low speed in a direction opposite to the predetermined direction (fine scan).

Abstract: An unfolded book, placed upon a copy machine, can have its two exposed pages reproduced without a shadow between the two pages using this invention. A bar formed in the shape of a "T" is placed, with the "T" upside down, and with the shaft of the "T" resting along the crease of the book between the two pages. Slidable stop plates at each end of the bar can be used to snuggle the book with the bar. Variations in the shape of the arms of the "T" and in the shape of the terminations of the arms are presented.

Abstract: An image reading apparatus which reads document surfaces of open book-like documents placed on a document platen in a face upward condition and detects height of the document to control an image reading operation. An image reader reads the document platen on which the document is placed and outputs image data. A height detector detects height distribution of the document, and a discrimination device determines whether or not abnormalities occur in the height distribution of the document. A memory stores the height distribution of the document, and a update device updates the height distribution of the document stored in the memory when the abnormalities do not occur in the height distribution of the document. A correcting device corrects distortion of the image data caused by the height of the document in accordance with the height distribution of the document stored in the memory.

Abstract: An overhead scanning system records pages from bound documents in an upright and open condition. The scanning system is defined with a general imaging geometry that makes the scanning system readily portable, and provides the scanning system with a variable imaging area. Once an operator defines an imaging area of an image acquisition system, the operator positions a light stripe projector to project across the imaging area. After recording calibration data, a perspective transform is provided by a perspective transform generator. In operation, a first image of the bound document having a light stripe projected there across is recorded by the image acquisition system. A page shape transform generator is then used to derive a page shape transform. Subsequently, a second image of the bound document is recorded without projecting a light stripe thereacross.

Abstract: An image reading device for an image forming apparatus and capable of reading the spread pages of a book document laid on a table. Even with a book document of the kind bound by staples or wire and provided with a cover by pasting, i.e., whose spread size is smaller than two times of the cover size, the device is capable of producing attractive copied images or read images with ease by obviating black stripes at the bound portion, image displacement, image intrusion, local image omission, and needless image data.

Abstract: A method and apparatus improving the use of a book edge copier, in which for book edge copying, a control selection is provided so that for every other copy made, the copying process is altered to invert the copy to produce a set of copies with the same top to bottom alignment.

Abstract: Full pages of books may be photocopied without damage to the book bindings by placing the open book on a wedge of fiber optics perpendicularly aligned to the copier platen to optically couple the photocopier to the book pages.

Abstract: A photocopier for books has a casing on whose top surface is mounted a platten. The platten is set back from the front of the casing, and it extends to a downwardly inclined support surface adapted to support the half of an opened book whose other half is to be copied. In a modification of the copier a step or recess is formed between the platten and the support surface, to enable the sloping part of the book adjacent to its spine to extend or splay outwards, thereby avoiding damage to the spine.

Abstract: An automatic page-turning device for turning pages of a book or the like as placed in an opened condition to expose a first page to be turned at one side of a spine and a second page in a stack of turned pages at the opposite side of the spine, comprises a carrier drum having a perforated peripheral wall and being bodily movable from a first position opposing an outer edge portion of the first page of the opened book to a second position in which the carrier drum opposes an outer edge portion of the second page, a suction device by which a vacuum is applied to the interior of the carrier in its first position for causing adherence of the first page thereto and the transport of the first page with the carrier drum toward the second position, with the first page being isolated from the effect of the vacuum at a position of the carrier drum intermediate its first and second positions for releasing the first page from the carrier drum and permitting the reception of such released first page by a page guiding memb

Abstract: An automatic image-density control system for photo-copying the page-to-page content of an open book, in which optimum values (of exposure or development bias) needed for precisely copying the page-to-page content are initially established by performing either continuous pre-scanning of both pages of an open book or pre-scanning of the second page after completing photo-copying of the first page, and then, based on the optimum values thus established in conjunction with the first page content, photo-copying operation for the first page content is executed, and then, based on the optimum values established for the second-page content, photo-copying operation is sequentially executed for the second-page content.

Abstract: In a scanning type copying machine of the present invention, a scanner scans divided regions of a document prior to real copy operation when a dividing copy mode is selected by a book copy mode selection key. Density control data in the respective divided regions are stored in memory and an exposure lamp is controlled by a MPU so that a copy of an appropriate density can be formed according to the stored density control data. Thus, without being unfavorably influenced by a difference of the densities in the divided regions of the document, copies of appropriate densities can always be obtained.

Abstract: An arrangement for turning pages of a facedown booklet for use with a copier. A rotating vacuum roll located between two platens peel pages from the book as the book is moved back and forth between the two platens. As the book moves over the vacuum roll, an air knife fluffs the pages and the page adjacent the vacuum roll is captured by the vacuum roll. As the book spine passes through the region between the platens, the vacuum roll reverses and with assistance from the air knife presses the captured pages against the other half of the book.

Abstract: The surface of a sheet-like member such as a sheet of paper may be illuminated by surrounding the member with confronted electrodes. Passing an AC voltage across the electrodes generates a corona discharge within the member. The light so produced facilitates the copying of images on the surface of the member by illuminating the surface from within.

Abstract: A document carrier, typically for supporting a book to be copied in a document copier by location of an opened page against an inclined window in a scanner housing, which carrier comprises a pair of separate plates (26, 28) supported in a trough-like configuration by arms (27, 29) which connect the backs of the plates to a movable platform (30), springs (31, 33) being provided, preferably to act between the platform and the supporting arms, to urge the plates into their said trough-like configuration (FIG. 2).

Abstract: A document scanner in which a book is supported by a trough shaped support which is movable up and down in order to place the book in contact with the scanner housing. The housing includes a wedge-shaped portion having at least one window through which a page of the book can be scanned. In addition to being movable into contact with the wedge-shaped housing the book support assembly is rotatable in order to scan the opposite page of the book and is fully adjustable to accommodate books of different sizes and thicknesses. The scanner housing is provided with a lamp to illuminate the page to be scanned and a scanning element which sequentially scans the book or document.

Abstract: A document scanner includes a wedge-shaped scanner housing (16, 18), vertically movable on a main housing (10) to locate an inclined scanned window against a document resting on a trough-like document support (14) beneath the scanner housing. The scanner housing is manually movable up and down for location against and removal from a document to be copied, and counterbalancing means are provided within the main housing to facilitate such vertical housing movement.

Abstract: A character reader is provided in the form of a plate having a light source and a photoconductive layer on either side of the light source. The photoconductive layers may be provided with optical plates and transparent covers, if desired. In use, the device may simultaneously read data from two sheets or pages of a book, for example. Also, the photoconductive layer may be formed on only one side of the light source in a configuration where there are provided two light sources and photoconductive layers which are hinged together so that they may be folded to confront one another with an original therebetween.

Abstract: A cover device for pressing originals having different thicknesses with equal force against a glass exposure plate of photocopying apparatus comprises a bordering frame swingable between closed and open positions and, inside the frame, a platelike covering member which rests upon supporting elements of the frame when the frame is in open position, presses down upon an original on the exposure plate yet is displaced according to the thickness of the original as the frame is moved to closed position, and is guided from displaced positions to rest again upon said supporting elements as the frame is moved from closed to open position.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for printing a plurality of imposed pages in which proofs of said pages are manufactured, the proofs then being confined in co-planar, predetermined relation by engaging the sheets solely along selected edges thereof, and while holding the sheets thus confined manufacturing a printing plate or other reproductions therefrom. In one embodiment the proofs are on opaque or light impermeable sheets, while in a second embodiment they are on light permeable sheets. In the case of the opaque proofs used to make a printing plate, the plate is produced from a photo negative of the proof, whereas if the proofs are on light permeable material a plate may be produced directly by passing light through said proofs onto the sensitized surface of the plate material.