Abstract: The image pick-up device picks up an image of the inspection target optical member whenever it rotates a predetermined angle. The image data which is output by the image pick-up device picking-up the image undergoes coordinate transformation from polar coordinate system to rectangular coordinate system and thereafter binarization process. The area of the defective candidate objects which are extracted from the image data in two color system obtained through the binarization process are normalized in accordance with the reference values prepared for each region in which said defective candidate objects formed within the image data. The points which are calculated as a result of this normalization, are added to the corresponding columns in the classification table. It is judged whether the inspection target optical member is satisfactory or not, in accordance with whether or not evaluation function calculated on the basis of the value in each column exceeds a predetermined reference value.

Abstract: A spectacle lens image sensing processing apparatus irradiates the convex surface of a lens to be examined with light from a light source, projects an image of the convex surface onto a reflection screen placed on the concave surface side of the lens. The apparatus senses the image of the convex surface, projected on the reflection screen, by using an image sensing unit, and performs image processing for the image of the convex surface sensed by the image sensing unit by using an image processing unit, thereby detecting optical characteristics of the lens. The image sensing unit is placed together with the light source on the convex surface side of the lens. The image of the convex surface of the lens is reflected by the reflection screen to return to the convex surface side of the lens, thereby forming the image on the image sensing unit. A spectacle lens positioning method is also disclosed.

Abstract: A lens meter capable of easily measuring optical characteristics of far and near viewing sections of a multifocal lens to obtain optical characteristics of a multifocal lens. The lens meter comprises a first measurement optical system having a first measurement optical axis, for measuring optical characteristics of a far viewing section of a multifocal lens, and a second measurement optical system having a second measurement optical axis which is different from the first measurement optical axis, for measuring optical characteristics of a near viewing section of the multifocal lens.

Abstract: The invention provides an automatic lens meter comprising an optical system forming a pattern image by projecting a pattern created by a pattern creating member and measuring optical properties of a lens based on the displacement of the pattern image from a baseline position wherein the examined lens is not in the path of rays in the optical system to a measuring position wherein the examined lens is in the path of the rays. The lens meter includes an image sensor for detecting the position of the pattern image using four line sensors 10a, 10b, 10c and 10d disposed on a pattern image forming plane and arranged in a cross shape, and the pattern creating member forms a pattern image having a quadrangular shape on the pattern image forming plane so that each line sensor intersects a side of the quadrangle, thereby facilitating accurate measurement of desired optical properties.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a diffractive optical element whose optical axis can be precisely positioned, and a method of manufacturing the diffractive optical element. The diffractive optical element includes a region provided with a concentric uneven pattern and having a predetermined light bending characteristic, and a peripheral section worked so that the optical axis of the diffractive optical element determined by the light bending characteristic of the region aligns with the center of the profile of the diffractive optical element.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and apparatus for automatically and continuously conducting the layout analysis, the blocking (attachment) of an uncut lens to a lens holder, and the process of grinding an edge of three types of lenses, such as a single-vision lens, a progressing multifocal lens and a multifocal lens, utilizing a calculated approximation of the optical center of the uncut lens and by determining the position to which a lens holder should attach to the uncut lens.

Abstract: A lens meter capable of easily measuring optical characteristics of far and near viewing sections of a multifocal lens to obtain optical characteristics of a multifocal lens. The lens meter comprises a first measurement optical system having a first measurement optical axis, for measuring optical characteristics of a far viewing section of a multifocal lens, and a second measurement optical system having a second measurement optical axis which is different from the first measurement optical axis, for measuring optical characteristics of a near viewing section of the multifocal lens.

Abstract: Apparatus for the spatially resolved determination of the refractive power distribution of an optical element, with a light source unit for illuminating the optical element with an extended pencil of rays, includes a first multi hole screen for the production of a first number of beam pencils, a spatially resolving detector, and a computing unit. A controllable manipulator is arranged before or after the first multi hole screen. The first multi hole screen and the manipulator are transmissive only for a second number of beam pencils, the second number being smaller than the first number but greater than unity. The measurement principle of the apparatus corresponds to that of a Hartmann wavefront sensor.

Abstract: An optical member having a toric functional surface has a marking which is made by a configuration of a mold used to form the optical member. The marking is formed in the optical member outside an effective area of the functional surface of the optical member. In one embodiment, the optical member is an optical member for a scanning optical system.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods and apparatus for determining a characteristic of an optical element. The apparatus includes a spatial light pattern generator adapted to generate a beam of light at a predetermined spatial position, at least one lenslet disposed in an array of lenslets adapted to receive the beam of light from the spatial light pattern generator, and to direct the beam of light to the optical element. The apparatus further includes a detector positioned to receive the beam of light subsequent to the beam of light encountering the optical element. The detector is adapted to detect a received spatial position at which the detector receives the beam of light. The apparatus also includes a processor adapted to compare the predetermined spatial position with the received spatial position to determine the characteristic of the optical element. The invention further relates to methods and apparatus for generating a diffraction limited image.

Abstract: The invention relates to an imaging system for optical automatic analysers, especially fluorescence readers. On the sample side, the imaging system contains a cylindrical lens array and a prism array, which is arranged upstream of the cylindrical lens array. The prismatic effect of the prisms of the prism array lies in the direction of the cylinder axes of the cylindrical lenses. Together with a telescopic imaging system, the inventive imaging system creates a number of parallel cylindrical focussing volumes between the cylindrical lens array and a detector array, these focussing volumes being slanted towards the optical axis of the telescopic system in relation to the vertical. The arrangement enables the detection of fluorescence with a large aperture in one direction, and at the same time enables depth selective analysis of the fluorescence signal, especially the discrimination of the fluorescent radiation originating from the solution above.

Abstract: A refracting power measuring apparatus according to the present invention comprises an optical system 1 for projecting a measuring light P toward a lens TL wet with liquid 12, a light receiving sensor 7 for receiving and outputting the measuring light P which passes through the lens TL, an arithmetic circuit 13 for calculating optical characteristic values based on a receiving signal, a residual quantity arithmetic circuit 14 for outputting a residual quantity signal based on characteristic value data of the arithmetic circuit 13, a delay circuit 19 for delaying the residual quantity signal, a comparing circuit 18 which compares a residual quantity signal delayed by the delaying circuit 19 and the following residual quantity signal and judges whether a difference therebetween is less than an allowed value.

Abstract: A method for achieving three-dimensional alignment of a pair of optical components, and apparatus for supporting such method, is initiated by fixing one of the optical components at a selected location on a semiconductor substrate. Subsequently, the other optical component and its associated submount are attached to a pair of coupled motion stages. A reference signal, to which the first optical component has been aligned, is transmitted to the other component and to a detector. That detector is positioned to measure changes in a selected characteristic of the reference signal, such as changes in optical power, as the position of the second optical component and its submount are manipulated. Through the use of a feedback loop, the second component and submount are moved in a pattern until an optimal alignment is converged upon.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and apparatus for automatically and continuously conducting the layout analysis, the blocking (attachment) of an uncut lens to a lens holder, and the process of grinding an edge of three types of lenses, such as a single-vision lens, a progressing multifocal lens and a multifocal lens, utilizing a calculated approximation of the optical center of the uncut lens and by determining the position to which a lens holder should attach to the uncut lens.

Abstract: The proposed invention calculates the circumference of an optical lens taking into consideration external variations in lens size and shape. The invention, utilizing a uniquely designed optical lens tracing pen in conjunction with a specifically designed tracing template provides for a consistent method of measure with respect to the outermost ridge of a traced lens. The lens is traced utilizing the specifically designed invention pen, and scanned into a software system which receives the traced image and plots a lens shape based upon a calculated distance between first color template axis indicators and a second color pen tracing. The system further provides for a number of options to allow specification a prescription to be utilized in conjunction with the lens sizing information as well as the automated and transparent downloading of computer software and additional lens shape offerings reflected in updated versions of the invention.

Abstract: A spectacle lens image sensing processing apparatus irradiates the convex surface of a lens to be examined with light from a light source, projects an image of the convex surface onto a reflection screen placed on the concave surface side of the lens. The apparatus senses the image of the convex surface, projected on the reflection screen, by using an image sensing unit, and performs image processing for the image of the convex surface sensed by the image sensing unit by using an image processing unit, thereby detecting optical characteristics of the lens. The image sensing unit is placed together with the light source on the convex surface side of the lens. The image of the convex surface of the lens is reflected by the reflection screen to return to the convex surface side of the lens, thereby forming the image on the image sensing unit. A spectacle lens positioning method is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method and a device for opto-electrically acquiring the shape of a surface by illuminating the surface (S) with light beams (10) having different wavelengths and which converge at different points on the axial illumination direction (Y) in the vicinity of the surface (S), by spectral analysis of the light reflected or backscattered by the surface (S) in the direction (Y) and by determining distances of points on the surface (S) relative to a reference plane (X, Y) from the wavelength and/or the spectral widths of the light analyzed.

Abstract: A lens meter is provided which comprises a light source for generation of a measuring light beam and a pattern forming plate provided in an optical path of the measuring light beam. The pattern forming plate has a central pattern for measuring lens characteristics of a narrow area on an eyeglass lens and a plurality of peripheral patterns for measuring lens characteristics of a wide area on the eyeglass lens. The pattern forming plate can be switched between a normal measuring mode which receives the image of the central pattern based on the measuring light beam transmitted through the narrow area of the eyeglass lens and also measures the narrow area alone and displays the measured values and a wide-area measuring mode which receives a great number of images of the peripheral patterns based on the measuring light beam transmitted through the wide area of the eyeglass lens and also measures the wide area and performs mapping display.

Abstract: The optimum optical properties of a spectacle lens that correspond with the state in which the spectacle lens is worn by respective wearers are found and evaluated. Three-dimensional shape data of the spectacle lens comprising the determinations of a three-dimensional determination device that determines the surface shape f the spectacle lens, parameters of the state in which the spectacle lens is worn, such as the distance from the center of rotation, and material parameters, such as the refractive index of the spectacle lens, are input to a computer that calculates optical properties of a spectacle lens.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting parameters of an ophthalmic lens including a vertex refractometer having a lens support for the ophthalmic lens and a detection device for optical detection of at least one engraved marking on at least one predetermined surface area of the ophthalmic lens. The vertex refractometer has a measurement beam path which passes through the ophthalmic lens when the ophthalmic lens is lying on the lens support and the detection device has at least one light source, an imaging optical system for directing light from the at least one light source onto the at least one predetermined surface area of the ophthalmic lens with at least one engraved marking, and an optical receiver system having a light sensor which is connected to an evaluation and representation unit. The optical receiver system images light beams from the imaging optical system which are reflected from the at least one predetermined surface area of the ophthalmic lens.

Abstract: An instrument and method for optical testing of an eyeglass lens, including progressive addition lenses, to obtain image quality measurements includes an illumination system for presenting a beam of light to a test lens, a test lens positioning system for rotating the test lens so that different areas on the lens are illuminated, a zoom lens for focusing the beam at a constant effective focal length, a detection system for recording and measuring image quality of the test lens, and an alignment boom for conveying the zoom lens and the detection system such that the optical axis remains aligned with the beam existing the test lens. The instrument is fully automated and capable of obtaining measurements of the power, astigmatism, prism and modulation transfer function at various locations on the surface of the lens.

Abstract: A lens meter is provided in which a measurement light beam emitted from a light source (21) is projected onto a lens (L) to be inspected, an amount in travel of the measurement light beam which has passed through the lens (L) is then detected by a TV camera (34), and the refractive characteristics of the lens (L) based on the detection result are computed by an arithmetic and control circuit (35) and are displayed by a display unit (3). In the lens meter, the arithmetic and control circuit (35) computes cylindrical power of a distance portion (40) of the lens (L) in consideration of cylindrical power and a direction of a cylindrical axis from the detection result of the TV camera (34), and then computes cylindrical power in distortion areas (42, 43) except the distance portion (40), a progressive portion (41), and a near portion (41') in consideration of the cylindrical power and the direction of the cylindrical axis.

Abstract: A fringe deflectometry apparatus illuminates an optical component to be measured using radiation with a known wavefront, deflects the radiation after it has been reflected or transmitted by the optical component to be measured, and materializes a reference ray. Transverse aberration of the reference ray after reflection or transmission by the optical component is measured. A deflectometry method using the apparatus enables an absolute phase reference to be provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus and method for applying a finishing block to a lens. The apparatus displays an alignment pattern representing characteristics of the lens and includes a visual representation of the allowable tolerance in the position of the optical center of the lens and the prism of the lens. An imaging screen is provided for imaging the alignment pattern and reference data applied to a surface of the lens. The lens is positioned in the apparatus with the pattern and the data aligned. With the lens in this position, a determination is made using the visual representation as to whether the lens is within the allowable tolerance. If this is the case, the apparatus automatically attaches the finishing block to the lens in registration with the reference data.

Abstract: A lens testing apparatus detects and evaluates inclination of the image plane as caused by decentering of an optical system. The apparatus has an image provider, a plurality of focusing position detectors, and a calculator. The image provider provides an image to a lens system to be tested for decentering. The detectors detect a focusing position on which light rays exiting from the lens system focus. The calculator calculates inclination of the image plane based on the focusing position detected by the detectors.

Abstract: A lens meter is provided in which a beam of light from an illumination optical system (20) is made incident upon a lens (40) to be inspected, the light beam which has passed through the lens (40) is then received by a light receiving sensor (33b) through a lens platform (13) disposed on a lens receiving table (11) and a light receiving optical system (30), and the two-dimensional optical characteristics of the lens (40) are measured from a detection result of the light receiving sensor (33b). In the lens meter, the lens platform (13) is formed to have such an area as to guide light coming from the middle of the lens (40) and from a predetermined range around the middle to the light receiving sensor (33b), and projections (13b) are formed for determining a light reception distance (2) from the lens (40) to a relay lens (32) of the light receiving optical system (30).

Abstract: A lens meter is provided which comprises a light source for generation of a measuring light beam and a pattern forming plate provided in an optical path of the measuring light beam. The pattern forming plate has a central pattern for measuring lens characteristics of a narrow area on an eyeglass lens and a plurality of peripheral patterns for measuring lens characteristics of a wide area on the eyeglass lens. The pattern forming plate can be switched between a normal measuring mode which receives the image of the central pattern based on the measuring light beam transmitted through the narrow area of the eyeglass lens and also measures the narrow area alone and displays the measured values and a wide-area measuring mode which receives a great number of images of the peripheral patterns based on the measuring light beam transmitted through the wide area of the eyeglass lens and also measures the wide area and performs mapping display.

Abstract: A lens meter is provided which includes a light source portion (20) with a first light source (21) for generating a lens-characteristic measuring light beam (P2) and a second light source (23) for generating a position specifying light beam (P1). A patterning plate (28) with lens-characteristic measuring patterns (28c) and position specifying patterns (28b) is disposed in an optical path (31) of the lens-characteristic measuring light beam (P2) and position specifying light beam (P1) generated by the light source portion (20). The measuring light beam (P2) is projected onto a subject lens (30) set in the optical path (31) so that the images (28c') of the lens-characteristic measuring pattern (28c) are received. The received images (28c') are analyzed, and the lens-characteristic mapping display of the subject lens (30) is performed. In this lens meter, the first and second light sources (21, 23) are separate from each other.

Abstract: A lens meter comprising light sources for project luminous flux for measurement to a lens to be examined and a light receiving element for detecting the measuring luminous flux passed through the lens to be examined, wherein refractive characteristics of the lens is detected on the basis of the examined data by the light receiving element, the lens meter comprises a measurement target having predetermined patterns, device for moving the target to one of a plurality of arrangement positions on the optical path of the measuring luminous flux, device for selecting one position to which the measurement target is to be moved among a plurality of arrangement positions on the optical path on the basis of the examined data by the light receiving element, device for controlling the target moving device in accordance with the selection by the selecting device.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring an optical characteristic of an examined lens, comprising a first measuring optical system for projecting a first measuring light flux on an examined lens, which is enlarged so as to cover a relative large area of the lens, via both a first grating and a second grating which has a predetermined positional relationship with the first grating, thereby forming moire fringes thereon, then detecting the moire fringes by a two dimensional photo detector, a first calculating device for calculating each principle point refractive power at each point of the lens by processing results detected by the first measuring optical system, a second measuring optical system for projecting a second measuring light flux on a small area of the lens, then detecting a position of an image of the second measuring light flux by a positional photo-detector, a second calculating device for calculating a back vertex power at the small area by processing results detected by the second measuring optical system, a

Abstract: A progressive power lens (L) is illuminated with a collimated light beam through an illuminating optical system (2) comprising an LED (5), a pinhole plate (6), and a collimator lens (7). The shadow of the hidden mark of the progressive power lens (L) is projected onto a screen (4) by the light beam transmitted through the progressive power lens (L).

Abstract: Accurate yet cost-effective measurement methods and systems determine eccentricity at a particular location of the aspherical lens surface. Since an aspherical lens generally has varying degrees of curvature along the aspherical surface, the eccentricity at the selected location on the aspherical lens surface provides precise information in determining the quality of a certain type of an aspherical lens component. Furthermore, these improved methods and systems according to the current invention are applicable to measure eccentricity of a selected aspherical lens surface in a complex lens assembly containing a plurality of aspherical lens components.

Abstract: A lens meter having a measuring optical system comprises a device for measuring an optical characteristics continuously, a device for introducing the lens to the desired positional relation for a measuring optical axis in the measuring optical system on the basis of the measured data, a device for generating the alignment ending signal when the alignment is achieved to the predetermined standard level, a device for judging whether the measured data is stable within a predetermined permissible range of the variation, and a device for storing the measured data of the lens based on the judgment result. This apparatus further comprises a device for designating which the left or right lens should be measured, a device for generating the signal for reading-and-storing the measured data, a device for storing the measurement result, a device for detecting whether the lens exists on the measuring optical axis, and a device for judging the changing-over of the left or right of the lens.

Abstract: The present invention provides a measuring apparatus (10) for centering and determining wedge error of an optical element (12) under test. The measuring apparatus (10) preferably includes a lens holder (16) for supporting the optical element (12) to be tested. The lens holder (16) is rotatably supported on an air bearing (68) having an axis such that the lens holder (16) may be rotated about the axis. A first sensor (18) is located proximate the lens holder (16) for measuring the wedge characteristics of the optical element (12). The first sensor (18) is movable in a horizontal, vertical and rotatable direction such that the first sensor (18) may be positioned to a predetermined distance from the optical element (12) at a preselected angle. A second sensor (20) is located proximate the lens holder (16) for measuring centering characteristics of the optical element (12).

Abstract: An apparatus for mapping an optical element, the apparatus including a light source arranged to transmit a light beam toward the optical element, a beam separator including a plurality of beam separating elements, less than all of which are identical, which are operative to separate the light beam into a corresponding plurality of light beam portions including at least first and second light beam portions which differ from one another, an optical sensing device operative to generate a light spot map including a plurality of light spots corresponding to the plurality of beam separating elements and an optical element characteristic computation device operative to derive at least one characteristic of the optical element from the light spot map and including apparatus for identifying the beam separating element corresponding to an individual spot based at least partly on differences between the at least first and second light beam portions.

Abstract: An ophthalmic lens inspection system includes an illumination assembly which generates diffuse light and transmits the diffuse light through an ophthalmic lens disposed in an inspection position, the diffuse light having a diffusivity of between 30.degree. and 50.degree.. An imaging assembly generates a set of signals representing selected portions of the diffuse light transmitted through the ophthalmic lens in the inspection position. A moving mechanism supports the imaging and illumination assemblies for common movement relative to the contact lens, to bring a reference point into alignment with the center of the imaging assembly.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for measuring refractive power and radius of curvature of a lens are disclosed. The apparatus comprises a refractive-power measurement subsystem in combination with a curvature-radius measurement subsystem. Each subsystem has its own optical axis and includes at least two point sources of light symmetrically situated relative to the respective optical axis in a plane perpendicular to the axis. Light fluxes from the light sources pass through or reflect from, respectively, the subject lens and impinge on a light-position sensor such as a CCD. The optical axes are preferably separate but become coaxial before reaching the light-position sensor. The refractive-index measurement subsystem senses the positions of images of the light sources on the light-position sensor as affected by refraction of light fluxes passing through the subject lens relative to positions of images obtained with no lens is being measured.

Abstract: An arrangement for measuring desired parameters of a contact lens by optical sectioning which comprises a support fixture on which a contact lens is positioned. The support fixture includes a container in which a pedestal is positioned, and the container is filled with a saline solution. The contact lens is placed on the pedestal completely immersed in the saline solution. A line of light is generated and directed by imaging and shaping optical elements over the edge of the container and through a selected diameter of the contact lens. An imaging camera detects and image of the light scattered at the surfaces of the contact lens at the selected diameter, which is captured by a frame grabber and is digitally stored for subsequent image processing and determination of the desired parameters of the contact lens.

Abstract: A lens meter in which light from a measurement light source is passed though a lens to be measured into a photoelectric conversion element so as to find optical characteristics of the lens to be measured based on photoelectric conversion signals from the photoelectric conversion element. The measurement light source is capable of emitting at least two rays of light having different wavelengths. The lens meter includes computing device for calculating optical characteristics of the lens to be measured based on photoelectric conversion signals from the photoelectric conversion element in response to the two rays of light having different wavelengths. This configuration ensures an accurate measurement of optical characteristics of the lens to be measured whole optical characteristics are unknown.

Abstract: A lens meter having a measuring optical system comprises a device for measuring an optical characteristics continuously, a device for introducing the lens to the desired positional relation for a measuring optical axis in the measuring optical system on the basis of the measured data, a device for generating the alignment ending signal when the alignment is achieved to the predetermined standard level, a device for judging whether the measured data is stable within a predetermined permissible range of the variation, and a device for storing the measured data of the lens based on the judgment result. This apparatus further comprises a device for designating which the left or right lens should be measured, a device for generating the signal for reading-and-storing the measured data, a device for storing the measurement result, a device for detecting whether the lens exists on the measuring optical axis, and a device for judging the changing-over of the left or right of the lens.

Abstract: An apparatus for turning the external circumference of an optical lens mount, a collimator is optically aligned with the turning axis (y-y). A fixture is mounted on the apparatus to accommodate the lens assembly. The fixture provides a translatory adjustment motion transverse to the axis (y-y) and a pivot motion about a universal joint. Electromechanical adjustment actuators operatively engage the fixture to move the optical axis of the lens assembly into alignment with the axis (y-y). An electronic deviation control system converts the light output of the collimator into an axis deviation signal which is encoded according to the rotary position of the lens assembly to generate translatory and pivot motion adjustment signals which control the action of the adjustment actuators.

Abstract: A method of exposing images of measuring patterns formed on a mask on a photosensitive substrate through a projection optical system, measuring positional deviation quantities of the exposed images of the measuring patterns in a measuring direction and thus measuring imaging characteristics of the projection optical system on the basis of the measured positional deviation quantities. In this method, periodic patterns are used as the measuring patterns, wherein bright and dark portions are arranged at a predetermined pitch in a direction corresponding to the measuring direction. The positional deviation quantity is measured by assuming the image of the periodic pattern as an image of the pattern consisting of the single dark portion on the whole when measuring the positional deviation quantity of the periodic pattern image exposed on the photosensitive substrate in the measuring direction.

Abstract: A lensmeter accessory is disclosed for supporting and positioning a corneal contact lens in a light path of a lensmeter. The accessory comprises a generally planer body with a tapered slot therein having a slot wall defining a recessed groove for receiving and removably holding a contact lens. The accessory may be placed on an adjustable lens platform of a lensmeter to position the contact lens in the lensmeter light path.

Abstract: In a method and an apparatus for measuring eccentricity of an aspherical lens, a detected lens as the aspherical lens is supported by a holding device and is rotated by a driving device around a rotating axis approximately conforming to an optical axis of the detected lens. Light is irradiated from a light source to the detected lens through a beam splitter and an optical system. Light reflected on the detected lens is reversely transmitted through the optical system and is focused and formed as a spot image. A pressing face of an alignment adjusting device is arranged in a position separated from the optical axis by a radius of the detected lens. The pressing face pushes an outer circumferential edge of the detected lens deflected outward by rotating the detected lens. Thus, the pressing face moves the detected lens and coarsely adjusts a position of the detected lens by approximately conforming the optical and rotating axes to each other.

Abstract: To determine and block the orientation of a lens located in only one location by both its refractive characteristics and lay-out properties preparatory for edge grinding relative to a template pattern, two scenes: a refractive scene and a lay-out scene are produced by light passed through such lens. One or more emissions of light are directed by one or more of the following: (1) one or more beam splitters and (2) one or more mirrors. In some embodiments, the two scenes can be observed separately, in others superimposed by optical or electronic devices. Simultaneous production of both scenes visually demonstrates Prentice's Law, P=hd. When a shadow receiver is present to receive shadows of non-marked multifocal segments in the lay-out scene, the width of the emission of light used to produce the refractive scene is defined by one or more apertures of such shadow receivers.

Abstract: The present invention provides a lens meter capable of accurately measuring the optical characteristics of a lens including additive diopter and of providing highly reliable data representing the optical characteristics of the lens. The lens meter projects measuring light through a target mark on a lens, focuses an image of the target mark in a target image on a photo-detecting device, and determines the optical characteristics of the lens on the basis of a locus of the target image detected by the photo-detecting device.

Abstract: Front and rear lenses of a composite eyeglass lens are laminated together by holding the front lens in an X, Y adjustable stage on a laminating axis, holding the rear lens in a predetermined position relative to the laminating axis, and moving the two lenses together on the laminating axis to spread an adhesive between them. The rear lens holder is rotatable around a laminating axis and has an adjustable center foot adhesively tacked to the rear lens and an array of surrounding pressure feet for pressing the rear lens uniformly against the front lens in a process that can be observed by the operator. Then, the adhesive between the pressed-together lenses is cured by UV radiation directed through the front lens before the lenses are removed from the laminator.

Abstract: A lens measuring apparatus has a light beam projecting unit for projecting a light beam onto a lens to be examined, a photoelectric detector for detecting the light beam projected onto the lens to be examined, and a calculator for calculating the refraction information of the lens to be examined on the basis of the detection by the photoelectric detector. The calculator, when it calculates the refraction information of the near viewing portion of a progressive focal lens as the lens to be examined, compares refraction information calculated successively while the examined position of the lens to be examined is moved with the already calculated and memorized refraction information of the far viewing portion of the lens to be examined and successively calculates additional power in each portion to be examined. The calculator further memorizes the maximum value of the successively calculated additional power while renewing it.

Abstract: A device for pinpoint application of micro-quantities of a pharmacologically suitable composition to the outer hard coat of the eye, comprises a micro-container with a fixation element. The micro-container comprises a bore whose aperture is adapted to contact the eye surface, and the fixation element is adapted for reversibly adhering to the eye surface.

Abstract: Front and rear lenses of a composite eyeglass lens are laminated together by holding the front lens in an X, Y adjustable stage on a laminating axis, holding the rear lens in a predetermined position relative to the laminating axis, and moving the two lenses together on the laminating axis to spread an adhesive between them. The rear lens holder is rotatable around the laminating axis and has three pressure feet arranged in a triangle for pressing the rear lens uniformly against the front lens in a process that can be observed by the operator. Then, the adhesive between the pressed-together lenses is cured by UV radiation directed through the front lens before the lenses are removed from the laminator.