Abstract: A combination detector for detecting a visually identifiable property and an optical property of an optical system. A phase visualization element converts an incoming light bundle to one or more output light bundles in which the spatial phase distribution of the incoming light bundle is visually apparent. The phase visualization element is arranged relative to a detection surface of an image sensor such that the output light bundle or the output light bundles is/are incident only on a first partial region of the detection surface, while a second partial region of the detection surface is exposed in the direction of incidence in order to detect the incoming light bundle which is uninfluenced by the phase visualization element. An apparatus for testing the optical system includes a light source for generating a measuring light bundle and a combination detector as described.

Abstract: Physical calibration slide comprising a plurality of etched features. The etched features may comprise two or more of a slanted Ronchi ruling feature comprising at least one set of parallel lines that are slanted with respect to a long and short axis of the slide, a straight Ronchi ruling feature comprising at least one set of parallel lines that are parallel to either the long or short axis, a star target feature comprising a circle with a plurality of wedge pairs, a crosshair feature comprising at least one crosshair, a clear area, a letter-O feature comprising a circle, a resolution target feature comprising one or more resolution targets, a bullseye feature comprising a two-dimensional array of bullseyes, a triangle feature comprising at least one isosceles triangle, or a symmetric corers feature comprising two symmetric sets of geometric shapes arranged in an L-shape.

Abstract: A test device for a lens module in respect of visible light and in respect of infrared light includes a test fixture and a display able to show both types of light in images captured. The test fixture supports the lens module. The display is configured to display pictures of test cards captured by the lens module. The display includes a display panel and a backlight module located on a side of the display panel. The backlight module includes a first light source and a second light source, the first light source emits visible light, and the second light source emits infrared light.

Abstract: A system for detecting refractive power of a dry ophthalmic lens under inspection, comprising: a) a top camera 10 arranged to view the ophthalmic lens 40 through an optical module 25; b) an optically transparent surface 30 to position the ophthalmic lens 40 for inspection; c) a precisely calibrated glass target 50 suitably positioned on a transparent plate 60, arranged to achieve an image of the ophthalmic lens 40 overlaid with the image of the pattern on the target 50; d) at least one light source having multiple wavelength LEDs to capture different images under multiple lighting conditions.

Abstract: A low cost fundus camera uses LED light sources placed adjacent the camera's imaging stop, and thereby eliminates the need for optics for introducing the light source to the camera's optical path. Lens reflex in the pupil relay is avoided by using only reflective optics in the pupil relay. Reflex from the LED is mitigated by actuating each LED separately, one at a time, and capturing a separate image with each actuated LED. Reflex-free regions of each captured image are extracted and combined to create a composite reflex-free image.

Abstract: A method, a computer program product, and a system for determining an optical parameter of an optical lens as well as a related method for producing the optical lens by adjusting the optical parameter are disclosed. The method includes: capturing an image picturing the optical lens by using a camera; and determining an optical parameter of the optical lens by processing the image, wherein the camera generates a signal related to a position of a focus, and the optical parameter of the optical lens is determined by using the signal related to the position of focus. The method and the system allow determining the optical parameter of the optical lens in a direct fashion by applying the signal related to the position of the focus as generated by the camera as a measured value for the optical parameter of the optical lens.

Abstract: A method for determining the transmission quality of an optical unit in a camera system to draw conclusions about dirt and/or wear in the optical unit and particularly to determine whether the optical unit requires servicing, includes transforming spatially resolved information relating to at least one image from the camera system sectionally using a frequency transformation so that a sequence of transformation coefficients is determined for each section of the at least one image. Each transformation coefficient is a measure of the energy in a specific frequency range. At least one sequence of transformation coefficients having the highest energy values for the highest frequencies is selected. Using the at least one selected sequence a distribution of the frequencies is determined, the distribution of the frequencies is compared with a reference, and the transmission quality of the optical unit is determined using the comparison.

Abstract: Configuring ophthalmic lenses that reduce oblique aberrations based on a wearer's accommodative demand values is disclosed. The accommodative demand values include A_(rel?) and A_(rel+) depend on object vergence L. The accommodative demand values are considered to and ensure no or reduced eye strain to the wearer. An improved merit function ?? is calculated based on the accommodative demand values. In the calculation, accommodative term A is a smooth and continuous function of both the object distance L and the spherical component of the power error. This ensures the accommodative demand values are well below maximum relative accommodations available to the wearer to prevent eye fatigue. The calculation may also include a smooth and continuous thresholding function ƒ that optimizes the merit function. The calculation may also include evaluation of the power error associated with various object vergencies for every direction of sight.

Abstract: A manual inspection system and method to inspect for defects in Contact lenses comprising; an image acquisition system with at least two high resolution cameras; Top illumination light head used for acquiring Bright field images; a Backlit illumination module to acquire Dark field images; at least another back lit illumination module to acquire a different type of Bright field images; an interchangeable mechanism to change measurement gauges suitable for a particular product; a rotating wheel embedded with multiple optical filters to cater to different imaging requirements; a first camera to capture the full view of the contact lens at a beam splitter; a second camera suitably mounted on a swivel arm to capture a higher resolution image of a selected defective area as viewed on a projection screen; a glass template or measurement gauge mounted at a suitable position to achieve overlaid images of the lens and the gauge on a projection screen for taking measurements; a flexible template measurement gauge as an

Abstract: The present technology is directed to determining an accuracy of an infrared (IR) camera, and more particularly, validating a distortion accuracy of an IR camera. The present technology can receive one or more images of a calibration harp captured by the IR camera, wherein the one or more images include a plurality of lines corresponding to a plurality of strings of the calibration harp. The present technology can further determine a degree of distortion of the plurality of lines based on a distortion error coefficient, wherein the distortion error coefficient is computed based on edge points of the plurality of lines on the one or more images.

Abstract: A material data collection system allows capturing of material data. For example, the material data collection system may include digital image data for materials. The material data collection system may ensure that captured digital image data is properly aligned, so that material data may be easily recalled for later use, while maintaining the proper alignment for the captured digital image. The material data collection system may include using a capture guide, to provide cues on how to orient a mobile device used with the material data collection system.

Abstract: A multi-panel base station test system includes a base station radio unit configured with a plurality of antenna panels positioned at a first end of a test chamber of the multi-panel base station test system. The multi-panel base station test system includes a plurality of test antennas positioned at a second end of the test chamber opposing the first end. The multi-panel base station test system includes a microwave lens positioned between the plurality of antenna panels and the plurality of test antennas in the test chamber. The microwave lens is configured to focus respective beams transmitted from each of the plurality of antenna panels toward respective focal points associated with each of the plurality of test antennas based on steering of the plurality of antenna panels.

Abstract: A pair of progressive power lenses and related techniques thereof are provided, wherein a power distribution on a horizontal cross-section of the right eye lens has a peak at a position that is away from a main gaze line, and a power distribution on a horizontal cross-section of the left eye lens has a peak at a position that is away from a main gaze line in a direction opposite to that of the right eye lens.

Abstract: A light detection and ranging (LiDAR) scanning system is provided. The system comprises a light steering device; a galvanometer mirror controllable to oscillate between two angular positions; and a plurality of transmitter channels configured to direct light to the galvanometer mirror. The plurality of transmitter channels are separated by an angular channel spacing from one another. The system further comprises a control device. Inside an end-of-travel region, the control device controls the galvanometer mirror to move based on a first mirror movement profile. Outside the end-of-travel region, the control device controls the galvanometer mirror to move based on a second mirror movement profile. The second mirror movement profile is different from the first mirror-movement profile. Movement of the galvanometer mirror based on the first mirror movement profile facilitates minimizing instances of scanlines corresponding to the end-of-travel region having a pitch exceeding a first target pitch.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, for a stray-light testing station. In one aspect, the stray-light testing station includes an illumination assembly including a spatially extended light source and one or more optical elements arranged to direct a beam of light from the spatially extended light source along an optical path to an optical receiver assembly including a lens receptacle configured to receive a lens module and position the lens module in the optical path downstream from the parabolic mirror so that the lens module focuses the beam of light from the spatially extended light source to an image plane, and a moveable frame supporting the optical receiver assembly including one or more adjustable alignment stages to position the optical receiver assembly relative to the illumination assembly such that the optical path of the illumination assembly is within a field of view of the optical receiver assembly.

Abstract: An assembly includes an optical element having a light-shaping region. A light emitter is aimed into the optical element along an internal reflective path. The internal reflective path extends across the light-shaping region. A photodetector is positioned along the internal reflective path. Integrity of the optical element is determined based on detection of light from the light emitter along the internal reflective path by the photodetector.

Abstract: A device for shifting a nonlinear crystal arranged to frequency convert a laser beam includes an anchor, a mount for holding the nonlinear crystal, and two parallel flexures each interconnecting the mount and the anchor to cantilever the mount from the anchor. Each flexure extends in a first horizontal direction from the mount to the anchor. The two flexures being offset from each other in a vertical direction. The device also includes a transducer connecting between the anchor and the mount. Bending of the transducer shifts the position of the mount in the vertical direction, and the two parallel flexures cooperate to prevent rotation of the mount during shifting of the mount position induced by the transducer. This device provides an inexpensive and compact crystal-shifter solution with crystal-orientation stability equaling that of far more costly and bulky conventional translation stages.

Abstract: Configuring ophthalmic lenses that reduce oblique aberrations based on a wearer's accommodative demand values is disclosed. The accommodative demand values include A_(rel?) and A_(rel+) depend on object vergence L. The accommodative demand values are considered to and ensure no or reduced eye strain to the wearer. An improved merit function ?? is calculated based on the accommodative demand values. In the calculation, accommodative term A is a smooth and continuous function of both the object distance L and the spherical component of the power error. This ensures the accommodative demand values are well below maximum relative accommodations available to the wearer to prevent eye fatigue. The calculation may also include a smooth and continuous thresholding function ƒ that optimizes the merit function. The calculation may also include evaluation of the power error associated with various object vergencies for every direction of sight.

Abstract: A 3D test chart, an adjusting arrangement, a forming method, and an adjusting method thereof are disclosed. The 3D test chart provides a plurality of test patterns arranged at different depths. When testing a photographic arrangement, the photographic arrangement is only required to move for one time or even does not need to be moved, so as to obtain an image containing information of different depths, so that the testing and adjusting process of the photographic arrangement can be easily achieved.

Abstract: A contact lens retrieving method is applied to a contact lens, which is placed in a detection container containing a buffer solution and has been inspected in an optical detection. The method comprises steps: moving a vacuum sucker into the buffer solution at a first speed to make the contact lens depart from the lateral side of the detection container; moving the vacuum sucker away from a bottom of the detection container at a second speed with the vacuum sucker not leaving the buffer solution to make the contact lens flow toward a center of the detection container; moving the vacuum sucker to approach the contact lens at a third speed to make the vacuum sucker and the contact lens positioned to each other; and using the vacuum sucker to take up the contact lens and carry the contact lens out of the detection container.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for testing a field of view. The method includes arranging an image acquisition apparatus at a predetermined observation position of an image output device, and arranging a grid line apparatus at a predetermined distance in front of the image acquisition apparatus. The method further includes controlling the image output device to output a test pattern; moving the grid line apparatus, and keeping the distance between the grid line apparatus and the image acquisition apparatus unchanged, such that a centerline of the grid pattern coincides with a centerline of the test pattern. Additionally, included in the method is capturing an image of the grid pattern and the test pattern by the image acquisition apparatus; and determining a field of view of the image output device according to a relationship between the test pattern and the grid pattern in the captured image.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and system for testing a wearable device. The method includes: performing an angle acquisition process for at least two times, and calculating an optical imaging parameter value of a target virtual image on the basis of angle variation values acquired in the at least two angle acquisition processes. With the method and system according to the present disclosure, the finally calculated optical imaging parameter value is more objective and more accurate than that acquired by means of the human eyes.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for determining a parameter of an optical equipment including an optical lens including permanent markings and being mounted in a spectacle frame, including: positioning the optical equipment is before a pattern in a first position; positioning a portable electronic device including an image acquisition module in a second position so as to acquire an image showing together the pattern seen through at least part of the optical lenses of the optical equipment in the first position and at least part of the spectacle frame of the optical equipment in the first position; detecting the permanent marking on the optical lens using the image acquired by the image acquisition module of the portable electronic device in the second position; and determining at least one parameter of the optical equipment based on the position of the permanent marking.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus and systems for achieving efficient optical design are described. In one representative aspect, a method for optical design includes introducing a light source into the optical system. The light source emits illumination that is characterized as a point source, a collimated illumination, or a superposition of one or more point sources or one or more collimated illuminations. The light source is represented by a vector field comprising a plurality of vectors. The method also includes defining each optical surface of the optical system based on the vector field of the light source, tracing a plurality of rays that propagate from the light source, traverse through the optical system and reach a predetermined target or targets, and determining whether an illumination or an image characteristic at the predetermined target or targets meets preset design requirements.

Abstract: A measurement method for a vertical cavity surface emitting laser diode (VCSEL) and an epitaxial wafer test fixture are provided, especially the Fabry-Perot Etalon of the bottom-emitting VCSEL can be measured. When the Fabry-Perot Etalon of the bottom-emitting VCSEL is measured by a measurement apparatus, a light of the test light source of the measurement apparatus is incident from the substrate surface of the VCSEL epitaxial wafer such that the Fabry-Perot Etalon of the bottom-emitting VCSEL is acquired. Through the VCSEL epitaxial wafer test fixture, the bottom-emitting VCSEL can be directly measured by the existing measurement apparatus such that there is no need to change the optical design of the measurement apparatus, and it can prevent the VCSEL epitaxial wafer from being scratched or contaminated.

Abstract: A workpiece holder, measuring device, and a method for executing a measurement by using the workpiece holder. The workpiece holder is configured to hold a workpiece with two opposite arranged workpiece surfaces to be measured in a way that both are accessible by a moveable probe unit and can thus be measured in one setting of the workpiece. For this the workpiece holder comprises a support and a holding body. The holding body has a holding end away from the support with at least one holding surface at which the workpiece is held. In the holding body a free space is formed that adjoins the workpiece surface facing the support when a workpiece is held and makes the workpiece surface accessible for measuring or probing. The accessibility for the probe unit is provided by a transverse channel extending obliquely or orthogonally to the longitudinal axis of the workpiece holder.

Abstract: A method of measuring the thickness of an ophthalmic lens includes forming an ophthalmic lens over a convexly curved surface of a forming optic, the ophthalmic lens including a light absorptive component, and with the ophthalmic lens remaining over the convexly curved surface of the forming optic, measuring the thickness of the ophthalmic lens using information about the light absorptive component of the ophthalmic lens and an intensity reference value associated with the forming optic. The method includes passing light having a wavelength through the ophthalmic lens and the forming optic, whereupon the light absorptive component of the ophthalmic lens absorbs some of the light passing through the ophthalmic lens. The light passing through the ophthalmic lens and the forming optic, which is not absorbed by the light absorptive component of the ophthalmic lens, is used to generate an image having pixel intensity data.

Abstract: The disclosed method involves: recording, under illumination of a diffractive measurement structure via an illumination device, a plurality of diffraction images which differ from one another in terms of the region of the measurement structure that contributes to the respective diffraction image, and ascertaining transmission properties and/or reflection properties of the diffractive measurement structure based on the plurality of diffraction images, wherein the steps of recording a plurality of diffraction images and of ascertaining transmission properties and/or reflection properties of the diffractive measurement structure in a plurality of recording sequences are carried out repeatedly in a plurality of recording sequences, wherein these recording sequences differ from one another with respect to the illumination angles that are respectively set during the illumination of the diffractive measurement structure and at which the diffractive measurement structure is illuminated.

Abstract: An illustrative example embodiment of a camera testing device includes a plurality of optic components in a predetermined arrangement that places a center of each of the optic components in a position to be aligned with a line of sight of a respective, predetermined portion of a camera field of view when the plurality of optic components are between the camera and at least one target.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a spectacle lens according to at least one data set of edging data and a computer program product with instructions for performing the method are disclosed. A spectacle lens blank, semifinished spectacle lens product, or a finished spectacle lens product is inspected for defects and compared to a data set to determine if it can be manufactured into an edged finished spectacle lens that fits into a specific spectacle frame such that the defect is not present in the edged finished spectacle lens.

Abstract: An imaging device blemish detection test enclosure and techniques for an optical imaging device includes a mounting structure for mounting an optical imaging device, a first body with a concave surface, and a second body holding the mounting structure relative to the first body. The mounting structure and the second body may orient an optical axis of a lens of the optical imaging device towards the concave surface and locate the lens relative to the concave surface where the interface between the first and second bodies is outside of a lens field of view of the lens. The system may include a light source disposed in the second body and directed towards the concave surface of the of the first body providing an evenly illuminating the concave surface. The concave surface may include a surface of a spherical sector greater than a hemisphere.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus includes an acquisition unit configured to acquire a plurality of pieces of collected data collected in a state where lithographic processing is executed by a lithography apparatus for forming a pattern by applying a plurality of processing conditions, a classification unit configured to classify the acquired data based on the processing conditions, a judgement unit configured to judge that an abnormality has occurred in the acquired collected data by judging whether the collected data falls within an allowable range specified based on the processing conditions.

Abstract: A method of ordering an ophthalmic lens comprises the following steps: —obtaining data representative of a desired correction for a wearer's eye; —determining (S6, S8), using an electronic device, a lens power to be measured on a lensmeter based on the obtained data and on at least one parameter defining an expected position of the lens with respect to the wearer's eye, wherein the lens power corresponds to the power measured on the lensmeter for a lens adapted to provide the desired correction to the wearer's eye when placed at the expected position with respect to the wearer's eye; —ordering (S10) the ophthalmic lens specifying the determined power. A corresponding system is also provided.

Abstract: A lens control apparatus that controls moving of each of the first optical element and the second optical element during focusing includes a first controller that controls driving of the first optical element to move the first optical element to a first target position according to an object distance, a second controller that controls driving of the second optical element to move the second optical element to a second target position according to the object distance, and a correction value calculator that calculates a correction value for the second target position using a difference between an actual position of the first optical element and the first target position, and focus sensitivities of the first and second optical elements and calculates the correction value using a correction limit value smaller than a maximum movable amount of the second optical element from the second target position.

Abstract: A method for testing an autofocus function of a camera module fixes a camera module and at least two test members sequentially spaced at different positions on an axis pointing straight away from the camera. The camera module is controlled to focus and capture images of each test member and record driving currents of the camera module to achieve those focuses at those distances. When a sharpness of image of a test member reaches a preset threshold value a correspondence table between the driving currents and object distances is generated. An autofocus testing device is further provided.

Abstract: A device for measuring the optical power of an optical test system includes an optical-object-generating assembly, a support for the optical test system, a digital image detector, and a deflector assembly. The deflector assembly is intended to generate a lateral movement in respect of the initial optical image, thereby producing a shifted optical image and a reference optical image. The digital image detector captures the shifted optical image and the reference optical image in at least one digital image containing data relating to the lateral movement. The device also includes a processing component to calculate the optical power of the optical test system from the data relating to the lateral movement.

Abstract: A vehicle and/or a method for detecting contaminants on an optical surface are provided. The vehicle includes at least one light source adjacent the optical surface and at least one light detector at an edge of the optical surface. A controller is configured to introduce light from at least one light source into the optical surface, and to measure light at the edge of the optical surface with at least one detector. The controller compares the measured light to a threshold, and, if the measured light crosses the threshold, triggers or implements a response action.

Abstract: A system for optical alignment and calibration of an infrared camera lens, including: a lens support mechanism configured to adjust a position of an infrared camera lens relative to a camera body that includes: a hexapod platform and a robotic arm to manipulate the position of the infrared camera lens that extends from the hexapod platform and is coupled thereto to be continually oriented parallel to the hexapod platform and to maintain the infrared camera lens continually oriented parallel to the orientation of the hexapod platform; at least one collimator configured to output infrared rays, wherein the at least one collimator is positioned such that the output infrared rays converge on an infrared sensor within the camera body through the infrared camera lens; and at least one curing catalyst configured to cure an adhesive placed on the infrared camera lens when an ideal lens position is determined.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for optical measurement of an internal contour of a spectacle frame are disclosed. The apparatus contains an optical unit, which is configured to capture light reflected from an illuminated section of the inner contour of the spectacle frame. The optical unit is insertable into the inner contour of the spectacle frame and, when inserted as intended, is rotatable relative to the spectacle frame. The optical unit contains at least one light source, an objective, and at least one optical sensor, wherein the light source is configured to generate a light section, wherein at least one section of the inner contour is illuminable by the light section, wherein the objective is configured to image the illuminated section of the inner contour onto the optical sensor, and wherein the optical sensor is configured to capture the light reflected by the illuminated section of the inner contour.

Abstract: A lithographic process is one that applies a desired pattern onto a substrate, usually onto a target portion of the substrate. During the lithographic process, the focus needs to be controlled. There is disclosed a method for determining a fingerprint of a performance parameter associated with a substrate, such as a focus value to be used during the lithographic process. A reference fingerprint of the performance parameter is determined for a reference substrate. A reference substrate parameter of the reference substrate is determined. A substrate parameter for a substrate, such as a substrate with product structures, is determined. Subsequently, the fingerprint of the performance parameter is determined based on the reference fingerprint, reference substrate parameter and the substrate parameter. The fingerprint may then be used to control the lithographic process.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for evaluating cosmetic defects of an optical device, including: a first step of acquiring a first set of cosmetic defects of the optical device; a second acquiring step during which a second set of cosmetic defects of the optical device is acquired, the second set of cosmetic defects being different from the first set of cosmetics defects and including at least one cosmetic defect corresponding to a cosmetic defect of the first set of cosmetic defects; a determining step, during which a subset of the first set of cosmetic defects of the optical device is determined based on the comparison of the cosmetic defects of the second set of cosmetic defects and the cosmetic defects of the first set of cosmetic defects; and a determining step, during which a quality factor of the optical device is determined based on the subset of cosmetic defects.

Abstract: According to one aspect, an instrument for scanning a specimen. The instrument includes a scanning stage for supporting the specimen, a detector having a plurality of pixels, the scanning stage and the detector movable relative to each other to move the specimen in a scan direction during a scan, and a pulsed illumination source synchronized with the motion of the specimen on the scanning stage. At least some of the pixels of the detector are operable to collect light emitted from the specimen during the scan due to the pulsed illumination source and generate corresponding image data. The instrument may further include a processor operable to perform MSIA on the image data to generate an image of the specimen.

Abstract: A method of calibrating intrinsic parameters associated with a camera includes positioning a camera to receive collimated light from a rotatable collimator, wherein the collimated light is provided to the camera via a target having a central target aperture and a plurality of peripheral target apertures located on a periphery of the target. The method further includes rotating the collimator along a first axis extending through an entrance pupil location of the camera and recording spot positions associated with collimated light provided through one or more target apertures of the target at each first axis interval and determining a distortion profile associated with the camera based on the recorded spot positions measured at the plurality of first axis intervals.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for beam analysis in an optical system are disclosed, wherein a plurality of beam parameters of a beam propagating along an optical axis are ascertained. The method includes: splitting the beam into a plurality of partial beams which have a focus offset in the longitudinal direction in relation to the optical axis; recording a measurement image produced by these partial beams; carrying out a forward simulation of the beam in the optical system on the basis of estimated initial values for the beam parameters in order to obtain a simulated image; and calculating a set of values for the beam parameters on the basis of the comparison between the simulated image and the measurement image.

Abstract: A method for wavefront measurement of optical imaging system based on grating shearing interferometry, the grating shearing interferometer comprising: a light source and illumination system, an optical imaging system to be tested, a one-dimensional diffraction grating plate, a two-dimensional diffraction grating plate, a two-dimensional photoelectric sensor and a computing unit. The one-dimensional diffraction grating plate and the two-dimensional diffraction grating plate are respectively placed on the object side and the image side of the optical imaging system to be tested.

Abstract: A microscope includes a light source(s) which produce an illumination beam path comprising light in a plurality of wavelength regions. A dichroic beam splitter arrangement having a dichroic mirror surface is arranged between objective optics and a tube lens in a beam path portion to produce a reflected partial beam and a transmitted partial beam. The beam splitter arrangement changes a propagation direction of the reflected partial beam relative to the illumination beam path by a specified deflection angle. The mirror surface is arranged at an angle of 22.5±7.5°. The beam splitter arrangement includes a further mirror(s) arranged in the reflected beam path. The propagation direction of the reflected partial beam is changed by the specified deflection angle using the sum of all reflections on the mirror surface and the further mirror(s).

Abstract: A method and apparatus for template matching to find a predetermined pattern in an image is disclosed. A first visual boundary is detected in the captured image, and a second boundary concentric with the first boundary is calculated. The first and second boundaries define a portion of the captured image. The portion of the captured image is incrementally scanned about the center of the second boundary for a predetermined pattern having a predetermined orientation within the portion that match a template image. Alternatively, the portion of the captured image is unwrapped into a linear band image such that the first and second boundaries form a linear top and linear bottom of the linear band image, and the linear band image of the portion of the captured image is scanned for a predetermined pattern that matches a template image.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a detector system for imaging an optical signal received by a graded index (GRIN) optical element to account for known variations in a graded index distribution of the GRIN optical element. The detector system incorporates a plurality of optical detector elements configured to receive optical rays received by the GRIN optical element at specific locations on a plane of the GRIN optical element. Ray tracing software is configured to receive and map the optical rays to a plurality of additional specific locations on the plane based on the known variations in the graded index distribution of the GRIN optical element. A processor uses algorithms for diagonalization of a linear system matrix to determine information on both an intensity and an angle of the received optical rays at each one of the plurality of specific locations on the plane.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus (2) for detecting imaging quality of an optical system (4) with at least one lens (6) or lens group. The apparatus (2) includes an MTF measuring apparatus (10) for measuring a modulation transfer function at a plurality of field points in the field of view of the optical system (4), and a centering measuring apparatus (18) for measuring a centered state of the optical system (4). Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for detecting imaging quality of an optical system (4) having such a apparatus (2).

Abstract: Provided is an imaging method for correcting aberration generated when imaging an object to be inspected. The imaging method includes: irradiating an imaging area with a first light beam which is scanned by a scan unit and taking an image of the object to be inspected based on return light of the first light beam; detecting a moving amount of the object to be inspected; comparing the detected moving amount with a predetermined threshold value; and adjusting the imaging area to be irradiated with the first light beam. The adjusting includes determining in accordance with a result of the comparison to change the imaging area by at least one of: using the scan unit, and using an aberration correcting unit.