Abstract: To realize highly reliable examination by means of an apparatus free of troublesome adjustment of which structure as a whole is simple. The examination contributes to early discovery of glaucoma in particular. Light emitted from a matrix-type light-emitting diode unit 12 is projected onto an eye to be examined through a liquid crystal shutter 16 and a main optical system 14. The matrix-type light-emitting diode unit 12 includes a plurality of light-emitting diodes devices 12b, 12b, 12b, of the same specifications arranged in a matrix array. The light-emitting diode devices 12b, 12b, 12b are independently controlled to form an image for use in the examination. The image includes a circular visual target 100a and a background 100b which is a remaining portion of the image. The visual target 100a flickers generally sinusoidally at a frequency between 1 Hz and 200 Hz. With this arrangement, highly reliable examination contributing to early discovery of glaucoma is realized.

Abstract: The embodiments of the present invention disclose a vacuum cell-assembling device and a cell-assembling method. The vacuum cell-assembling device comprises: an upper substrate, a signal processing apparatus, and a lower substrate provided opposite to the upper substrate, wherein the upper substrate is provided with a light-emitting apparatus thereon, and the lower substrate is provided a photosensitive receiving element array thereon, and the photosensitive receiving element array is connected with the signal processing apparatus, and the signal processing apparatus is adapted for converting the electrical signals from the photosensitive receiving element array to a liquid crystal diffusion-simulation image.

Abstract: A vital signs monitoring system and method for storing and accessing data obtained by a pupilometer make use of a pupilometer with a wireless telemetry interface to the vital signs monitor. The wireless telemetry interface permits transmission of information obtained by the pupilometer to a wireless telemetry module in a vital signs monitor. In this manner, the valuable information obtained by the pupilometer can be readily integrated with other information obtained by a vital signs monitor, and can be readily stored and retrieved by care-givers.

Abstract: A hybrid method is presented by which Monte Carlo techniques are combined with iterative relaxation techniques to solve the Radiative Transfer Equation in arbitrary one-, two- or three-dimensional optical environments. The optical environments are first divided into contiguous regions, or elements, with Monte Carlo techniques then being employed to determine the optical response function of each type of element. The elements are combined, and the iterative relaxation techniques are used to determine simultaneously the radiance field on the boundary and throughout the interior of the modeled environment. This hybrid model is capable of providing estimates of the under-water light field needed to expedite inspection of ship hulls and port facilities. It is also capable of providing estimates of the subaerial light field for structured, absorbing or non-absorbing environments such as shadows of mountain ranges within and without absorption spectral bands such as water vapor or CO2 bands.

Abstract: A hemispherical goniophotometer is disclosed, in which two pivoting arms are articulated on a revolving rotating arm and are each fitted with a measurement head. The geometry of the arrangement is chosen such that the measurement heads can move along the envelope surface of a hemisphere during rotating of the rotating arm through 360° and pivoting of the pivoting arms through 180°.

Abstract: In a video receiver, a photodiode is terminated with one or more junction diodes to provide an output voltage that is a log function of the incident optical power. The termination with the diode provides a nonlinear resistance which converts the output current of the photodiode to a voltage, with the output voltage being the log of the input current due to the nonlinear resistance characteristic associated with junction diodes. The subject system eliminates the necessity of providing a transimpedance amplifier used to obtain a voltage from the photo current of a photodetector and also the requirements for a log amplifier to provide the log of the voltage to give the receiver a wide dynamic range. In one embodiment a PIN diode is provided with a series of termination diodes, with the larger of the number of diodes, the more voltage that is available. The series-connected termination diodes provide a passive low noise system for converting the photo current to a log voltage.

Abstract: An optical probe for measuring the intensity and/or intensity distribution in a light beam is provided. The optical probe (10) includes a substrate formed of nonlight-absorbing material and a light-scattering element (12) included in the substrate. The light-scattering element has an index of refraction different from that of the substrate. The optical probe further includes an aperture stop (14) for receiving the light (16′) scattered by, refracted by, and/or reflected from the light-scattering element. The optical probe still further includes a light-measuring device (15) for measuring the intensity of the light received by the aperture stop. The light-scattering element and the aperture stop are arranged in fixed relationship with respect to each other. In operation, as an incident light beam (16) enters the substrate, some of the light strikes and is scattered by, refracted by, and/or reflected from the light-scattering element.

Abstract: A noise reducing thermal-electrically cooled photodetector for an Interferrometric Fiber Optic Gyro (IFOG) includes a photodiode that converts an optical power signal received from a coupler of the IFOG to an electrical compensation signal. The photodiode is in mechanical contact with one or more thermoelectric coolers (TEC) to lower an operating temperature of the photodiode. The photodetector also includes an amplifier circuit to amplify the electrical compensation signal. The amplifier circuit includes an operational amplifier having an input and an output, with a feedback resistor interposed between the input and output. The feedback resistor is also in mechanical contact with a TEC to lower an operating temperature of the feedback resistor. By reducing the operating temperature of the feedback resistor and the photodiode the thermal noise of the IFOG is reduced.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for measuring a flicker level. The method includes the steps of applying a first voltage to a liquid crystal display panel, the LCD panel including liquid crystal material and varying in transmissivity of light according to voltage applied to the liquid crystal material, such that light passing through the liquid crystal material is emitted from the LCD panel; detecting brightness of the light emitted from the LCD panel; determining a maximum brightness value and a minimum brightness value; and introducing the maximum brightness values and the minimum brightness value into a retina responsiveness function according to the brightness to attain flicker level values. The retina responsiveness function is a function of a strength of light passing through the pupil of the human eye.

Abstract: A flicker photometer has beam generating means (1, 8 and 4) for generating two beams of light of different colors. Light from the beams is viewed at the viewing means, and the intensity of light of one beam relative to that of the other beam can be adjusted by adjustment means comprising an attenuating filter (20) which is movably mounted in the path of one beam. Movement of the filter relative to the beam alters the degree to which the beam is attenuated, and is achieved using an electric motor (22). The motor provides a relatively easy means of adjusting the filter position, and can be used to provide coarse and fine adjustments in response to suitable signals from an optical encoder. The motor also enables the filter, along with the beam generating means, to be mounted on a movable table for use in enabling the photometer to accommodate both short and long-sighted subjects.

Abstract: An improved process for transferring film to video or film previously transferred to video for the treatment thereof and the transfer thereof to a master at a real time play rate, the process comprising the steps of: (a) transferring film to video or transferring video carrying the film previously transferred to it to video in a 1:1 frame of film to frame of video ratio where one frame of film, or one frame of film previously transferred to video as the case may be, corresponds to one frame (two sequential fields) of video--(thus each frame of film now occupies only two sequential fields of video).