Abstract: A method for testing a photovoltaic panel connected to an electronic module. The electronic module includes an input attached to the photovoltaic panel and a power output. The method activates a bypass to the electronic module. The bypass provides a low impedance path between the input and the output of the electronic module. A current is injected into the electronic module thereby compensating for the presence of the electronic module during the testing. The current may be previously determined by measuring a circuit parameter of the electronic module. The circuit parameter may be impedance, inductance, resistance or capacitance.

Abstract: A portable electronic device including one or more sensors for detecting ambient light through the user's skin is disclosed. The sensors can be optical sensors such as ambient light sensors (ALS) and/or cameras. Examples of the present disclosure include a device that can determine the intensity of ambient light and can change the operating state of the portable electronic device based on the ambient light environment. The device can also determine the type of ambient light and generate notifications to the user based on the determined type.

Abstract: A device for the transmission of electromagnetic signals, the device comprising: a conductive element at least one inducer, for inducing charge in said conductive element; a transmission circuit, for generation and transmission of electromagnetic signals; wherein said conductive element and said at least one inducer are movable, with respect to each other, between a plurality of relative positions; in a first position of said relative positions, said at least one inducer is arranged to induce a charge in said conductive element; in a second position of said relative positions, said conductive element is arranged to discharge; the conductive element is arranged to couple with the transmission circuit, in said first position and/or said second position, such that charging and/or discharging of said conductive element causes the transmission circuit to generate and transmit an electromagnetic signal; and the device is arranged such that movement of said device causes relative movement of said conductive element

Abstract: A body-mountable device equipped with a light sensor is disclosed. The light sensor includes a photodiode that operates in either a photoconductive mode or a photovoltaic mode depending on whether the photodiode is reverse biased. A group of switches are arranged to selectively couple the photodiode to first and second voltage sources to configure the photodiode to operate in either mode. A controller selects a mode of operation of the photodiode and controls the switches to cause the photodiode to respond to incident light while operating in the selected mode. The controller then obtains a measurement from the photodiode indicative of the intensity of light received during an exposure interval. The light sensor can thus include a single photodiode and yet be used to alternately obtain measurements based on the photoconductive response of the photodiode or based on the photovoltaic response of the photodiode.

Abstract: A configuration for the optical detection of a specimen, wherein the specimen or at least part of the specimen is scanned by means of linear illumination by scanning means, means for linear beam shaping of the illuminating light are provided, and the illuminating light has a preferably periodic structure in at least one spatial direction in that means for generating the structure are disposed in the illuminating beam path, light coming from the specimen is detected and images of the specimen are generated therefrom, at least one optical sectional image through the specimen and/or one image with increased resolution is/are calculated from the images, and means for generating the structure are disposed downstream of the scanning means in the direction of the illumination.

Abstract: There is provided a solar powered light intensity measurement device which includes one or more photovoltaic cells, one or more resistors and one or more light emitting diodes. The one or more photovoltaic cells convert light to electricity, the output corresponding to the intensity of incident light. Electrically activated from the photovoltaic cells, through the one or more resistors, the light emitting diodes emit a signal color, further corresponding to their electrical activation and hence to the intensity of light incident upon the one or more photovoltaic cells. The signal color is compared to reference color or chart for use in determining the relevant light intensity. In one embodiment, the device further includes an analog switch.

Abstract: This document describes a wireless sensor comprising a MEMS resonator and an antenna directly matched thereto. Also a method of reading the wireless sensor is described. The method comprises illuminating the wireless sensor with electromagnetic energy at a first and second frequencies and receiving an intermodulation signal emitted by the wireless sensor in response to said electromagnetic energy at the first and second frequencies.

Abstract: Machines and methods measure an unknown characteristic of an optical signal incident upon a detector characterized by one or more dynamic response parameters. One method receives an output signal from the detector and compares that output signal and a computationally determined response of the detector to a known optical signal incident upon the detector. The response is based on said one or more dynamic parameters. The method determines the unknown characteristic based on the comparison of the output signal and the computationally determined response of the detector. Another method receives an output signal from an optical detector detecting one or more optical signals, accesses a predetermined characteristic curve of detector response, compares the output signal from the detector to the predetermined characteristic curve of detector response, and calculates at least one unknown characteristic of one or more optical signals based on results of the comparing step.

Abstract: Provided is a tester for testing an optical detector. The tester includes a plurality of light emitting units which emit light beams to the optical detector, wherein the light beams have light intensities different from each other, and a power supply unit which supplies electric power to the plurality of light emitting units.

Abstract: The detection of ambient light on an optical touch-sensitive device is disclosed. For example, one disclosed embodiment comprises capturing an image of at least a portion of a display screen with a camera located within the display device, and determined if ambient light in the image is at an acceptable level for display screen operation. Then, a visual representation is displayed representing whether the ambient light level is acceptable for display screen operation.

Abstract: Shooters have to presently take their firearms out of their hands to then actuate the advancement of a new target into shooting position. This unit will allow the shooter to shine his laser sight, infrared light, flashlight, or multi-spectrum light onto a sensor forwarding the next target into position without removing the firearm from its' shooting position. The unit also uses a unique target backing material that does not require targets to be made of rolls of coated or heavy material stock. The system can utilize rolls of cash register paper, cut sections of gift wrapping paper, or even paper towels as target materials without snagging and preventing the next target from being presented. The backing has stand-offs at 45 degree angles to the target material so that the target material rebounds against it upon impact.

Abstract: An optical measuring apparatus includes a light transmission unit, a light reception unit, a measurement value calculation unit, and a correction unit. The light transmission unit forms a beam of light that focuses in a measurement area where a measurement target object is placed and scans the measurement area with the beam of light. The light reception unit receives the beam of light that has passed through the measurement area and outputs a received-light signal on the basis of the received beam of light. The measurement value calculation unit calculates a measurement value that represents the dimension of the measurement target object on the basis of the received-light signal. The correction unit corrects the measurement value on the basis of the amount of change in the strength of the received-light signal per unit of time of scanning the beam of light.

Abstract: This invention enables a worker, who performs a work for optical axis adjustment, to easily grasp whether adjustment for further increasing the light receiving quantity is possible. In a multi-optical axis photoelectronic sensor, a minimum value of the light receiving quantities obtained for every optical axis is detected every time a process of measuring, while lighting each light emitting element 10 by turns, the light receiving quantity of a light receiving element corresponding to a lighted light emitting element 10 is repeated for one cycle, and a peak value of the minimum light receiving quantities detected in the past is detected. A bar graph based on specific values of the most recent minimum light receiving quantity and the peak value, or a bar graph showing a proportion of the most recent minimum light receiving quantity with respect to the peak value is displayed using a plurality of indication lights 100, each arranged on the front surfaces of a light projector 1 and a light receiver 2.

Abstract: There is provided a solar powered light intensity measurement device which includes one or more photovoltaic cells, one or more resistors and one or more light emitting diodes. The one or more photovoltaic cells convert light to electricity, the output corresponding to the intensity of incident light. Electrically activated from the photovoltaic cells, through the one or more resistors, the light emitting diodes emit a signal color, further corresponding to their electrical activation and hence to the intensity of light incident upon the one or more photovoltaic cells. The signal color is compared to reference color or chart for use in determining the relevant light intensity. In one embodiment, the device further includes an analog switch.

Abstract: A sunlight measuring device that quantifies the accumulation of light at a particular site. The sunlight measuring device is a battery-operated device mounted on a stake for easy insertion into the ground. The device is placed at the intended site for growing a plant. The light that falls on the sunlight measuring device over a period of time is accumulated and the light accumulation is represented by a visual signal that indicates one of four light conditions: full sun, partial sun, partial shade, full shade.

Abstract: A system which detects droplets on a translucent surface having a camera which, upon activation, acquires an image of a portion of the surface. A radiation source, upon activation, illuminates the portion of the translucent surface while a control circuit selectively activates both the camera and the radiation source. A processor receives a captured image from the camera and, through image processing, generates an output signal representative of the number of droplets on the portion of the translucent surface.

Abstract: A light-measuring device is disclosed for continuously and accurately measuring the intensity of light beams of from low intensity to high intensity. The intensity of a light beam to be measured is measured by a photodiode. A bias voltage is applied to the photodiode by a bias power source to improve the saturation characteristic. When the measured light beam is of high intensity, an analog switch and a photo MOS relay are switched on. When measuring a light beam with medium intensity, only the analog switch is turned off and a bias voltage is not applied to the photodiode. When measuring a light beam with low intensity, the bias voltage is not applied to the photodiode by switching off the photo MOS relay.

Abstract: A measurement apparatus and method for evaluating a light emitting device automatically measures a carrier-noise ratio, an optical modulation index, and a relative intensity noise of the light emitting device, and graphically displays the resulted data. The measurement apparatus includes a photo detector for converting an input light signal from the light emitting device to an electric current, a DC amplifier for amplifying a DC component of the electric current, a first analog-to-digital convertor for digitizing the output of the DC amplifier, a RF amplifier for amplifying a high frequency component of the electric current, a detector for detecting the output of the RF amplifier, a second analog-to-digital convertor for digitizing the output of the detector, a controller for controlling sequences of automatic measuring operations, a display device for displaying the characteristics of the light emitting device.

Abstract: In a handheld incident light meter instrument, a custom LCD panel provides both a digital readout and a bar graph array which simulates an analog meter but uses no moving mechanical parts and which may be operated in a choice of modes: bar, floating zone or dedicated. Unusual accuracy and stability over a wide dynamic range, from 0.1 to over 50,000 footcandles, are achieved in a novel analog photo-amplifier portion having a linear autoranging preamplifier, an averaging integrator and a temperature-compensated log converter, driving an IC analog-to-digital converter connected to a microprocessor programmed to operate in a choice of modes to operate the LCD via a driver to display light readings according to commands entered via a set of ergonomic user controls. Battery condition is displayed continuously. The digital readout may be backlit for low ambient light level.

Abstract: A combined optical power and noise meter for measuring both optical power and optical noise includes a detector housing and a photodiode which is disposed in the detector housing. The resistence of the photodiode changes continually in response to the application of optical power thereon. A current to voltage converter applies a bias voltage to the photodiode and transforms an output current therefrom in order to obtain a power voltage which is proportional to the optical power. A first voltage meter is electrically coupled to the current to voltage converter in order to display the power voltage. A noise measuring circuit measures noise in the output voltage of the current to voltage converter and processes the output voltage in order to obtain a noise voltage which is proportional to the optical noise. A divider divides the noise voltage by the power voltage in order to obtain an optical noise to optical power voltage which is proportional to the ratio of optical noise to optical power.

Abstract: A light measuring device calculates and displays a proper exposure condition even when the combination of shutter speed and aperture is predetermined by using a flashlight component and a measured light data.

Abstract: The invention contemplates dose-integrating instrumentation which relies upon continuously monitoring the illuminance level of a small sampling fraction of the total projected-light flux of the field-illuminating system of an operating microscope, the sampling being optionally within the projection system, or taken elsewhere. The sampled illuminance is in the form of an electrical signal which is continuously time-integrated to provide a continuous display of the dosage as it builds in the course of an operative procedure. Provision is made for the surgeon to preset what he chooses to be the safe upper limit of integrated exposure, beyond which he does not wish to go for fear of possible jeopardy to the retina of his patient, and the instrument continuously indicates the remaining time for him to complete his operation, should he continue at the current level of illumination.

Abstract: An exposure meter includes a display device 16 on which is displayed a histogram 17. The x axis is divided into cells representing ranges of possible luminance values. The height (i.e., y value) of each cell of the histogram represents the number of individual areas within the scene to be photographed whose luminance falls within that cell. Alongside the histogram, a bar 18 is displayed representing the range of luminance values which can be photographed, this being calculated according to the film characteristics, shutter speed and aperture size. The information displayed at 16 is provided by a processor which receives information from a keyboard 12 and a color camera photosensor onto which is focused an image of the scene to be photographed.

Abstract: A color analyser measuring the light intensities of at least three different colors within the spectrum of the incident light, and relating these measurements to values programmmed before. Those color components of the incident light that have to be influenced in order to conform to the preprogrammed relations are indicated by means of a color star, consisting of three rows of light sources (23, 24, 25) of appropriate colors. While influencing the color of the light with correction filters the operator views the change simultaneously at the color star. It is indicated in such a way that the light sources of the color star are extinguished as soon as the preprogrammed relations between the colors are satisfied, notwithstanding the absolute value of light intensity. An automatic exposure time meter is built in, also controlling an electronic timer (32).

Abstract: An exposure indicator for use in a light meter includes a light measuring device including a light receiving element for producing an electrical signal representing the brightness of the light received by the light receiving element, and a circuit for changing the electrical signal from the light measuring device by an amount determined by a setting mechanism. A first indicator is provided for indicating a value of an exposure parameter, such as an aperture F-stop value, based on the changed signal, and a second indicator is provided for indicating a density of a reproduced film in accordance with the electrical signal from the light measuring device and the changed signal.

Abstract: There is herein disclosed a laser detector and spectral analyzer comprising a plurality of photoelectric detector elements, at least, two of which are suitably masked and disposed behind a wedge type interference filter. An additional detector element is operated without any mask or filter. The detector output signals are electronically processed to provide a substantially instantaneous and independent indication of the mean spectral wavelength, spectral width, total power and pulse length of radiant energy incident upon the apparatus.

Abstract: An exposure display device for a camera including a metering device for effecting metering while dividing a phototaking picture plane into a plurality of areas and for emitting a plurality of photoelectric conversion signals corresponding to those areas and processing circuitry for operating and emitting a proper exposure signal from the output signals of the metering device comprises comparing circuitry for comparing the plurality of photoelectric conversion signals with the proper exposure signal and emitting the result of the comparison, and a display device for displaying the comparison results emitted by the comparing circuitry while causing the comparison result to correspond to the divided areas.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for detecting transitory and repetitive light signals from a radiant energy source. The invention comprises a detector means for detecting the light signals and for providing output signals indicative of the presence thereof, first indicator means coupled to the detector means for providing a continuous indication of the initial presence of the light signals and second indicator means for providing an indication of the repetition rate of the light signals. In a particular embodiment, a video amplifier circuit is coupled to a detector circuit to provide an amplified output and a comparator circuit is coupled to the video amplifier circuit and senses the video amplifier circuit output signals above a specified level and produces standard logic level output signals. The output signals from the comparator circuit are coupled to a first indicator circuit incorporating a first light-emitting diode which provides a continuous indication of the initial presence of the light signal.

Abstract: A photometric device for measuring and displaying by digital means primary color densities of a color negative to be printed to determine densities of color compensating filters. Exposure time, including reciprocity effect compensation for the photographic paper, is displayed digitally and determined by density measurements of the projected image.A reference area of a color negative illuminated by light through color compensating filters is projected on the aperture of a probe which directs light through a light guide to a photodetector. The resulting photocurrents generate voltages amplified by a first and second variable gain linear amplifier. The second amplifier provides primary color and exposure density reference by means of gains stored by measurement of a standard negative. Digital display means is provided to display memory gains for accurately modifying or resetting reference gains.

Abstract: The sensing device is a light level indicator that comprises a light sensitive element such as a photo resistor, associated detection circuitry and "go" and "no go" indicator lights which determine whether the level of illumination is above or below a predetermined acceptable level for a given area being tested. The device may be constructed with two light sensitive elements one for sensing direct light and the other for sensing reflected light, or alternatively, the device may have only either element. A multi-position switch may also be provided which can be set at any one of a number of different threshold levels. An adapter is used with the device for checking the calibration of the device. This adapter comprises a radioactive source, holder and a mask which is periodically replaced for maintaining the source at a constant light output.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an integrated circuit body suited to be applied for a TTL single reflex camera, by arranging at least two of the three circuit parts, namely the indication circuit part presenting an indication function, the light sensing circuit part presenting a light sensing function and the control-operation circuit part.

Abstract: Apparatus for indicating and displaying the focus of an optical objective and particularly a photographic camera. An image of the object is projected by means of the objective onto a scanning disk or plate where the light rays are divided into two separate light beams originating from two different areas of the exit pupil of the objective. Two photoelectric detectors are provided behind said scanning disk with one of said light beams impinging on one detector. Each detector delivers an electrical signal, the phase difference between these signals being a measure of the degree of focus of the objective.

Abstract: An exposure indicator which is attachable to a hinged glass mask cover frame, the indicator comprising a light emitting diode having one end lead connected in series through a light sensitive cell; a sensitivity-controlling resistance and switch to the appropriate pole of a source of electrical potential, such as a battery, the other pole of the battery being connected to the other end lead of the diode; the switch being arranged so that it is closed when the glass mask frame is closed against the blanket frame on which there is loaded a light-sensitive printing plate, and onto which an activating light is adapted to be directed, whereupon the light-sensitive photo cell is activated (resistance decreased) so that current is allowed to flow from the battery, through the switch and the light-activated silicon controlled rectifier, causing the diode to glow, thus indicating that the material has been exposed, and thereby preventing a second exposure due to the inattentiveness or forgetfulness of the operator.

Abstract: A fibre optic pressure sensor which includes at least two lengths of optical fibre each one of which is secured to a surface of a separate one of a number of spaced-apart member, at least one of which is resilient, the optical fibres being situated in the space between the said members and adapted to be brought into alignment when at least one of the said members is deflected by the application of external pressure to the sensor.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for use in detecting conditions related to a plant are disclosed. More particularly, in accord with the invention, in the method and apparatus are provided a first sensing means for generating an electrical signal corresponding to the light level in the area surrounding a plant, an indication means comprising a meter for providing an indication or reading corresponding to the electrical signal generated by the sensing means, and a reference source in the form of a chart or table for relating the aforesaid indication or reading to a preselected reading associated with the particular plant.In a further aspect of the invention, a second sensing means is additionally provided for sensing another condition of the plant and a coupling means is provided for selectively coupling the first and second sensing means to the meter of the indication means.

Abstract: A light measuring and indicating circuit utilizing indicating elements such as light-emitting diodes, to indicate corresponding light intensity levels. Intermediate levels are indicated without increasing the number of flip-flops employed in an activating circuit for the light-emitting diodes by intentionally causing the circuit to activate light-emitting diodes alternately. The activating circuit includes a reversible digital counter controlling the light-emitting diodes, two comparators for operating the counter reversibly in response to the comparison of light-dependent and standard signals, and a digital-to-analog converter which varies one or more of said signals in accordance with a counter output.

Abstract: An exposure meter includes a plurality of indicating elements, such as illuminating diodes which are turned on by the output of a photometry device and the diodes are repeatedly turned on and off by the output signal from a switch. This turn on and turn off of the diodes can be reversely effected. By so doing, a preset shutter speed or stop value is indicated in the finder and pointer-follow function of the exposure can be achieved using the minimum number of diodes.

Abstract: An apparatus for facilitating the measurement of light parameters such as intensity of light when using a digital photometer or similar device whose readout incorporates a hold or memory function. The apparatus includes a photoelectric sensor receiving light to be measured, in conjunction with an optical view system, in a small acceptance angle and a light source providing an indication, in conjunction with the same optical view system, of the hold mode and means for visually connecting the measurement hold mode and the sensed light parameters together. Means are also provided for initiating the measurement.

Abstract: There is disclosed an evaluating circuit for use with a photoelectric transducer and an electronic photometer. The photometer comprises indicators, all of which are variable, and comprises a combining device arranged to combine by an inverse computing operation.

Abstract: A system for detecting the brightness of an area which is to be photographed. A plurality of series circuits respectively include a plurality of photosensitive devices for respectively receiving light from different parts of the area while remaining substantially static with respect thereto so that when the area is illuminated unevenly a pair of the photosensitive devices will respectively receive light of maximum and minimum brightness. The plurality of series circuits respectively include also a plurality of series-connected elements respectively connected in series with the plurality of photosensitive devices for respectively providing therewith a plurality of photo-responsive divided voltages. The plurality of series circuits are connected in parallel with each other and with a power source.

Abstract: A camera shutter control device includesA light intensity to electric signal conversion means, which means further includes a first photosensitive means and a second and a third photosensitive means. The first means and the second and third means are designed in such a manner that they receive the light beams coming from a substantially different part of the object to be photographed and give electrical signals corresponding to the light quantity received.A memory means is included, which is electrically connected with the first and second conversion means and serves to memorize the difference between the signal outputs of both conversion means.

Abstract: In a single lens reflex camera equipped with a shutter time preselection-automatic exposure range and a diaphragm aperture preselection-automatic exposure range, the drive circuits of a light-sensor and a digit readout assembly arranged in the view finder are controlled in time-spaced relation to each other by timing signals. These signals in turn are controlled by a train of clock pulses to alternately bring the sensor and the digit readout assembly into sequential operation. In this manner, the light value as sensed by the sensor is not affected by any part of the light from the energized digit readout assembly.

Abstract: Light emitting elements such as light emitting diodes provided in the viewfinder of a camera are connected with a light measuring circuit including a photodetector through an A-D converter, a decoder and a gate circuit so that the light emitting elements may indicate exposure information in a digital form in accordance with the output of the light measuring circuit. An oscillator is connected with the A-D converter and the gate circuit for giving sampling pulses to the A-D converter and clock pulses to the gate circuit. Between the oscillator and the gate circuit is provided a duty modulator to change the duty cycle of the square wave transmitted from the oscillator to the gate circuit. The duty modulator is connected with the light measuring circuit or the A-D converter so as to control the duty cycle of the square wave in accordance with the output from the light measuring circuit.

Abstract: A continuous-operation automatic device for detection and accurate measurement of the strength of a burst generating an emission from luminous or infrared sources. This device characterizes and analyzes the maxima and minima of a "thermal flux/time" curve. The device comprises a master time element and an assembly of photoelectric detectors, an electronic processing system coupled to the detectors, and a mechanical system securing the rigidity and positioning of the photoelectric detector assembly with respect to an octahedral prism based on a horizontal plane.