Abstract: A protection circuit used for a semiconductor device is made to effectively function and the semiconductor device is prevented from being damaged by a surge. A semiconductor device includes a terminal electrode, a protection circuit, an integrated circuit, and a wiring electrically connecting the terminal electrode, the protection circuit, and the integrated circuit. The protection circuit is provided between the terminal electrode and the integrated circuit. The terminal electrode, the protection circuit, and the integrated circuit are connected to one another without causing the wiring to branch. It is possible to reduce the damage to the semiconductor device caused by electrostatic discharge. It is also possible to reduce faults in the semiconductor device.

Abstract: A radiance measuring device comprises an imaging device, a light measuring device (2) and a connection seat (3) for connecting the imaging device with the light measuring device (2). The emission port of the imaging device corresponds to the incidence port of the light measuring device (2). The imaging device comprises an imaging lens (1-1) and an aperture diaphragm (1-2), and the aperture diaphragm (1-2) is located on the front focal plane of the imaging lens (1-1).

Abstract: This invention is related to a light measuring apparatus and a method of using the device. It is used to measure various photometric quantities of the light emanating from a distant source of light.

Abstract: An instrument for measuring a biogenic substance, using the confocal optical system that is simplified and reducing measurement error caused by the difference in physical condition or temperature due to weather of the season is realized. The instrument for measuring a biogenic substance, using the confocal optical system comprises the confocal optical system comprised of a laser source, a lens system for collimating light from the laser source, a half mirror for causing the light collimated by the lens system to be transmitted therethrough, a lens system for converging the light that is transmitted through the half mirror, a lens system, a pinhole and a photodetector, and a body for housing these elements and provided with a run button and an exit aperture.

Abstract: A light receiving optical system includes: a relay optical system for converging light to be measured which has been converged on an image plane of an objective optical system. The light receiving optical system has a relay optical system with a relay lens operable to be selectively switched between first and a second conjugate positions, and a first and a second light flux limiting aperture members selectively switched between the first and the second conjugate positions. The relay optical system selectively forms, on the image plane of the objective optical system, an enlarged image and a reduced image of a view angle defining aperture in the case where the relay lens is selectively switched between the first and the second conjugate positions to define an incident light flux through the view angle defining aperture by a first and a second light flux limiting apertures, respectively.

Abstract: A measurement apparatus which measures a transmittance distribution of an optical system, comprises a light source, a first spherical mirror which forms reference light by reflecting light which is emitted by the light source and is not transmitted through the optical system, a second spherical mirror which forms test light by reflecting light which is emitted by the light source and is transmitted through the optical system, a measurement unit which measures intensity distributions of the reference light and the test light, a unit which calculates reflectance distributions of the first spherical mirror and the second spherical mirror, and an arithmetic unit which calculates a transmittance distribution on a pupil plane of the optical system, on the basis of the intensity distributions of the reference light and the test light, and the reflectance distributions of the first spherical mirror and the second spherical mirror.

Abstract: A radiance measuring device comprises an imaging device, a light measuring device (2) and a connection seat (3) for connecting the imaging device with the light measuring device (2). The emission port of the imaging device corresponds to the incidence port of the light measuring device (2). The imaging device comprises an imaging lens (1-1) and an aperture diaphragm (1-2), and the aperture diaphragm (1-2) is located on the front focal plane of the imaging lens (1-1).

Abstract: A projected beam smoke detector includes circuitry and control software to measure a distance a beam travels between the detector's transmitter and receiver. Either a time-based or a phase-based measurement methodology could be used. A sensitivity parameter of the detector could be set in response to the results of the measurement.

Abstract: The present invention provides a grating photometer comprising a light splitting box a preamplifier box, a photodiode array and optical assembly. The light splitting box has a light splitting chamber. There are provided a first extinction hole and second extinction hole respectively on the side wall of the light splitting chamber and on the preamplifier box to correspond to zero order spectrum line. The first hole is a through hole and the second hole is a blind hole the configuration of the first and second extinction holes direct the zero order spectrum to go into the second extinction hole, as a result, generates a rather small number of stray light in the light splitting chamber coming from the scattering of the zero order spectrum from the second extinction hole, thus suppresses effectively the stray light and improves tho signal-to-noise ratio of the photometer.

Abstract: A memory module has one or more memory devices, a clock generator providing clocking signals, and a clocking topology providing the clocking signals to the memory devices(s).

Abstract: A clock synchronization semiconductor memory device in which the pre-charging time tRP can be accelerated by the variable delay time for write recovery. There is provided a unit for checking whether or not at least one clock cycle before the inputting of the pre-charge command is that for the write operation, and for holding the checked result. There is also provided a unit for performing switching control at the time of inputting the pre-charge command, responsive to the checked result, as to whether or not a pre-set delay time is to be introduced as from the time of inputting the pre-charge command until word line resetting.

Abstract: A clock synchronization semiconductor memory device in which the pre-charging time tRP can be accelerated by the variable delay time for write recovery. There is provided a unit for checking whether or not at least one clock cycle before the inputting of the pre-charge command is that for the write operation, and for holding the checked result. There is also provided a unit for performing switching control at the time of inputting the pre-charge command, responsive to the checked result, as to whether or not a pre-set delay time is to be introduced as from the time of inputting the pre-charge command until word line resetting.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for detecting a three-dimensional image. The apparatus includes a projector which projects a reference light on an object; an image sensor which senses an image of the object; and a controller for controlling the projector and the image sensor, wherein the image sensor includes an aperture that restricts the passage of entering light; and an aperture controller for setting an aperture value for the aperture when receiving a two-dimensional image input, and setting an aperture value for the aperture when receiving a three-dimensional image input. The aperture value is set based on the intensity of received reference light. A processing unit determines the position of the object based on a relationship between an illumination direction of the reference light at the determined time center Npeak and an entrance direction of the reference light relative to the target pixel.

Abstract: Apparatus are disclosed that are operable to changes the intensity, per unit surface area, of an irradiation laser light flux. A typical apparatus comprises, on an optical axis, an irradiation laser light source, a stop defining an aperture, and an optical subsystem situated between the light source and the stop. The optical subsystem is operable to change the intensity of the irradiation laser light flux passing through the aperture by changing the diameter of the beam of irradiation laser light flux incident on the stop.

Abstract: A light-measuring device is disclosed for continuously and accurately measuring the intensity of light beams of from low intensity to high intensity. The intensity of a light beam to be measured is measured by a photodiode. A bias voltage is applied to the photodiode by a bias power source to improve the saturation characteristic. When the measured light beam is of high intensity, an analog switch and a photo MOS relay are switched on. When measuring a light beam with medium intensity, only the analog switch is turned off and a bias voltage is not applied to the photodiode. When measuring a light beam with low intensity, the bias voltage is not applied to the photodiode by switching off the photo MOS relay.

Abstract: In a spectrophotometer, each of a plurality of source optical fibers is selectively receptive of source radiation and carries the radiation to a corresponding selected liquid sample cell. A corresponding return optical fiber returns transmitted radiation from the sample to a polychromator. For selecting a sample, a switching member holds exposed ends of the optical fibers on a circle coaxial with an axle for rotating to selected positions. Respective optical trains in the instrument direct radiation into and out of the selected pair of fibers. The diameter of a source aperture, the spacing of the aperture from the radiation source, and the source area define a source etendue. The optical fibers have a fiber etendue substantially the same as the source etendue.

Abstract: An image reading method and apparatus includes detecting an optimal position of a slot of a light intercepting plate by reading an output level from a light sensor which receives light passing through the slit, moving the light intercepting plate to an optimal slit position in accordance with the read output level, and correcting any deviations in a scanning direction based on the amount the light intercepting plate is moved.

Abstract: A technique for the simultaneous measurement, in real time, of the changes in mode size, pulse length, and power of a wavetrain of laser pulses delivered by mode-locked or other pulsed laser systems contemplates directing respective portions of the beam along each of three beam paths. The beam portions along the first and second beam paths are subjected to respective, and different, degrees of focusing, and then passed through respective non-linear elements which generate radiation at the second harmonic. The first harmonic components are removed, and the second harmonic components are passed to respective first and second detectors which generate signals representative of the total second harmonic energy along each of the first and second beam paths. The beam portion along the third beam path is passed to a detector which generates a signal representative of the total energy in the beam pulse. The three signals are combined to give values proportional to peak power, pulse length, and mode size.

Abstract: A light chopper wheel for use in a video system that is capable of producing either black and white or full color images. The wheel is formed of two circular sheet metal plates that are joined in back-to-back contact. A first series of circumferentially spaced color filter windows are located about a first diameter on the wheel and a second series of clear windows are circumferentially spaced about a second diameter on the wheel so that a clear window is radially adjacent each color filter window. Recesses are stamped in the back of each plate behind each color filter window and filters are mounted between the plates within the recesses.

Abstract: A photometer is providing including light detecting means for detecting incident light and generating electric signals in response thereto as a measure of the incident light thereon, and optical means for guiding light to the light detecting means from a standard light source in a calibration mode and from an object, a photometric quantity of which is to be measured, in a measurement mode.

Abstract: The average video level of a video camera is corrected for film-to-video conversion by having a film aperture plate with a light-passing opening that is slightly enlarged with respect to the image area of the film. Non-image light passes through a peripheral region of the film, as defined by the enlarged opening, and strikes a part of the camera sensor not receiving image-wise illumination. By enlarging the aperture plate opening just enough that the video signal from the non-imaged part of the sensor approximates a desired average video level, the automatic video level correction performed by the camera will pertain only to the image. The aperture plate is part of a film gate that is rotatably mounted so that the film may be supported in either a "horizontal" or "vertical" orientation, depending on how the film image was initially exposed.

Abstract: An image information detecting device for detecting the density for printing is required to cover a wide dynamic range corresponding to the density scope of the original film as well as to cover the fluctuation in values caused by different lamps and filters used in the photometric system. It is also important in photographic printing process to detect the density information on a relatively wide area of a frame of a negative film or the like in order to determine exposure or correction amount. The present invention enables the use of a storage-type light receiving element over a wide dynamic range as well as segmentation of picture images of a film of a wide scope into a large number of picture elements for detection.