Abstract: A method for detecting occult hemorrhages is provided. The method includes obtaining a first hematocrit concentration prior to infusing a saline solution into a bloodstream of a patient. The method further includes infusing the saline solution into the bloodstream of the patient and obtaining a second hematocrit concentration after infusing the saline solution into the bloodstream. The method also includes determining a first absolute blood volume based on the first hematocrit concentration and the second hematocrit concentration. In addition, the method includes generating a notification indicating a potential occult hemorrhage based on the first absolute blood volume and a pre-defined absolute blood volume threshold, and providing the notification indicating the potential occult hemorrhage.

Abstract: A diagnostic device is described herein that can be used to perform magneto-optical detection and discernment of crystals within a biofluid sample. A magnetic field can be applied by the diagnostic device in a direction relative to light traveling through the sample. The presence of a crystal can be determined based on the magneto-optical properties of the sample. The detected crystal can be one of two similar crystal types that may be in the biofluid sample. The two similar crystal types can exhibit different magneto-optical properties under a magnetic field in a different direction. Accordingly, the type of crystal can be discerned by applying the magnetic field in the different direction as light travels through the sample. Discernment of the type of crystal can lead to diagnosis of the particular disease condition and subsequent proper treatment of the disease condition.

Abstract: A device for screening of a biological sample in a container includes a lighting system having a radiation source, an analysis station having an optical detector and controller. The lighting system includes a filter holder device for selecting two radiations with different wavelengths. The analysis station includes a system for optical detection of the container before analysis of the sample, which includes a backlight panel and an illuminator for illuminating the container and to allow the optical detector to acquire an image of the container and send to the controller information based on the image. The controller controls a rotation system, set up in the analysis station, to position the container so that, in the analysis phase of the sample, the radiation irradiates the sample at an inspection window and a label is arranged on an opposite side with respect to that from which the radiation originates.

Abstract: A blood purification system is provided that is capable of effectively utilizing accumulated histories stored during blood purification treatment and that helps take a quick and appropriate action in response to any event that occurs unsteadily or any transition of a parameter. The blood purification system includes an extracting unit that searches histories accumulated in a storage unit and extracts, as reference histories, a plurality of histories each including any of events having occurred during the current session of blood purification treatment or a plurality of histories each including a parameter approximate to that observed during the current session of blood purification treatment; a list-creating unit that creates a list of the plurality of reference histories extracted by the extracting unit; and a display control unit that controls the list created by the list-creating unit to be displayed on a display unit.

Abstract: A defense method against adversarial examples based on feature remapping, includes the following steps: building the feature remapping model, the feature remapping model is composed of the significant feature generation model and the nonsignificant feature generation model, and a shared discriminant model, the significant generation model is used to generate significant features, the nonsignificant generation model is used to generate nonsignificant features, and the shared discriminant model is used to discriminate fake or true of generated significant and nonsignificant features.

Abstract: A forward scattered light detection system, a flow cytometer and a method for measuring a cell diameter are provided. The forward scattered light detection system includes: a laser configured to emit light rays; a light focusing assembly configured to focus the light ray to a light spot; a first lens configured to convert the light spot to parallel light rays, wherein a center of the light spot is located on a main optical axis of the first lens; a blocking assembly configured to transmit a light ray propagating along and near the main optical axis through the blocking assembly and block most of the light ray propagating in directions other than the main optical axis; and a first detector configured to detect an intensity of the light ray transmitted from the blocking assembly to the first detector.

Abstract: A patient monitoring system may be used with catheters to monitor the infusion and drainage of any solution into the human body. The system may be used, for example, with in-dwelling catheters for peritoneal dialysis in end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients, urinary tract catheters, insulin pumps in diabetic patients, feeding tubes and central venous line catheters. The patient monitoring system includes one or more fluid pathways for infusing into and/or draining solutions out of the catheter, and one or more sensors to monitor the fluid. The patient monitoring system transmits the patient monitoring data to a database, allowing data storage, processing, and access through graphical user interfaces to patients and providers via device applications or browser-based web access portals.

Abstract: A microfluidic device observation apparatus 1 configured to observe a microfluidic device 100 where, in at least a partial region of the microfluidic device, a plurality of flow paths having same width are arranged in parallel, includes: an image acquiring unit 4 configured to acquire an image of the microfluidic device 100; an extracted pixel selection unit 21 configured to select an extracted pixel from a plurality of pixels forming the acquired image based on luminance values of the pixels, using a predetermined criterion; a feature pixel group detection unit 22 configured to detect a plurality of feature pixel groups among a plurality of extracted pixel groups each including a predetermined number of the extracted pixels that are continuously arranged in a line shape, where the plurality of feature pixel groups are parallel to each other with a predetermined degree or higher; a flow path boundary pixel group selection unit 23 configured to select flow path boundary pixel groups among the plurality of feat

Abstract: Disclosed in an embodiment is an operating method of portable apparatus for noninvasively measuring blood glucose levels. The method includes: (a) measuring a first signal value according to ambient environmental light when an LED for measuring signals which emits light with wavelengths to be absorbed into or scattered by glucose is switched off; (b) measuring a second signal value according to light which is scattered by or transmitted through subject tissue and enters a photodetecting unit when the LED for measuring signals is switched on; (c) calculating a glucose concentration measurement of a subject by using the first signal value and the second signal value; and (d) adjusting the quantity of the light radiated from the LED for measuring signals by feeding the difference between the glucose concentration measurement and a pre-established first reference value back to the driving current for the LED for measuring signals.

Abstract: The invention relates to an arrangement for preparing a plurality of samples for an analytical method, comprising a carousel with a solid housing and moveable receiving parts for the sample containers; a control for controlling the receiving parts in the carousel; and a sample receiving device for providing the sample for the analytical method. Said arrangement is characterized in that one or more stations for preparing samples are provided on the carousel, the receiving parts for the sample containers of the carousel can be positioned on said stations. Said arrangement also comprises a centrifuge with pairs of opposite lying receiving parts provided for the sample containers, and said receiving parts are arranged such that they can move on the centrifuge for the sample holder such that a transfer of a sample holder between a receiving part in the carousel and a receiving part in the centrifuge can be carried out. The control takes place by the same control which is also provided for controlling the carousel.

Abstract: Described herein are systems and methods for spectral unmixing of in vivo light data. The spectral unmixing separates image data according to spectra from multiple internal light sources in an effort to isolate one or more spectrum of interest. The spectral unmixing obtains images with a combination of different and known excitation and emission limits. The spectral unmixing then uses an iterative solution process to separate spectra for the multiple fluorescent light sources, and provides a spectrum and/or a spatial distribution map for at least one of the internal light sources.

Abstract: A measurement apparatus comprises optical components arranged to provide parallel measurements of a biological sample. The parallel sample measurements provide improved accuracy with lower detection limit thresholds. The parallel measurements may comprise one or more of Raman spectroscopy measurements or infrared spectroscopy measurements. The parallel measurements can be combined with a light source. In many embodiments, the light source comprises one or more wavelengths corresponding to resonance frequencies of one or more molecules of the sample, such as wavelengths of ultraviolet light. The wavelengths of light corresponding to resonance frequencies can provide an increased signal to noise ratio. The parallel array optical configuration can be combined with wavelengths of light corresponding to resonance frequencies in order to provide increased measurement accuracy and detection of metabolites.

Abstract: A laser sensor module for detecting a particle density of small particles with a particle size between 0.05 ?m and 10 ?m includes a first laser configured to emit a first measurement beam, a second laser configured to emit a second measurement beam, and an optical arrangement configured to focus the first measurement beam to a first measurement volume and to focus the second measurement beam to a second measurement volume. The optical arrangement includes a first numerical aperture and a second numerical aperture arranged to detect a predetermined minimum particle size. The laser sensor module further includes a first detector configured to determine a first self-mixing interference signal of a first optical wave, a second detector configured to determine a second self-mixing interference signal of a second optical wave, and an evaluator.

Abstract: A device for blood hemostasis analysis is disclosed. A blood sample is displaced to reach a resonant state. The resonant frequency of the blood sample is determined before, during and after a hemostasis process. The changes in the resonant frequency of the blood sample are indicative of the hemostasis characteristics of the blood sample.

Abstract: A neural network-based method for quantifying a volume of a specimen. The method includes providing a specimen, capturing images of the specimen, and directly classifying to one of a plurality of volume classes or volumes using a trained neural network. Quality check modules and specimen testing apparatus adapted to carry out the volume quantification method are described, as are other aspects.

Abstract: A blood purification system is provided that is capable of effectively utilizing accumulated histories stored during blood purification treatment and that helps take a quick and appropriate action in response to a particular incident that occurs unsteadily. In a blood purification system, a history stored in a storage device includes particular incidents having occurred unsteadily in blood purification treatment. The blood purification system includes an extracting device capable of searching the histories accumulated in the storage device and extracting a desired one of the particular incidents, a calculating device capable of calculating a time when the particular incident extracted by the extracting device occurs a predetermined or more number of times as a frequent-occurrence time slot, and a display control device capable of displaying the frequent-occurrence time slot calculated by the calculating device on a display during a current session of blood purification treatment.

Abstract: A blood analyzer according to one or more embodiments may include: a specimen preparation part that prepares a measurement specimen by mixing a reagent into a blood preparation; a measurement part that measures the measurement specimen; a measurement mode selection unit that receives an input of a type of blood preparation as a measurement target selected from a plurality of types of blood preparations; and a controller. The controller may cause the specimen preparation part to prepare the measurement specimen depending on the selected type of blood preparation.

Abstract: The present invention is a method for manufacturing an optical fiber which includes a resin coating step in which a resin is supplied to a resin coating section via piping, and a glass fiber is passed through the resin coating section such that the resin is coated on the outer circumference of the glass fiber. In the resin coating step, the temperature of the resin inside the piping is measured, and a heating unit provided on the outer circumference of at least some of the piping is controlled such that the temperature of the resin inside the piping reaches a set target temperature; and a viscometer is disposed in between the resin coating section and the piping on which the heating unit is provided, and the set value of the target temperature is adjusted such that the viscosity of the resin measured by the viscometer reaches a target viscosity.

Abstract: For analyzing a sample containing particles of at least two categories, such as a sample containing blood cells, a particle counter subject to a detection limit is coupled with an analyzer capable of discerning particle number ratios, such as a visual analyzer, and a processor. A first category of particles can be present beyond detection range limits while a second category of particles is present within respective detection range limits. The concentration of the second category of particles is determined by the particle counter. A ratio of counts of the first category to the second category is determined on the analyzer. The concentration of particles in the first category is calculated on the processor based on the ratio and the count or concentration of particles in the second category.

Abstract: A device for monitoring at least one parameter of a fluid specimen obtained from a patient. The device has a fluid conduit holder comprising a clamp configured to position a fluid conduit, which holds the fluid specimen obtained from the patient, in a position for optical analysis, and an optical analyzer having a light source and a light detector. The optical analyzer is configured to expose the fluid specimen contained within the fluid conduit to an illuminant and measure light received at the detector. The device has an optical alignment mechanism mechanically coupling the light source, the clamp, and the light detector together, and configured to align at least the light detector with the fluid conduit at the position for optical analysis.

Abstract: An actuation system for preventing actuation of a base device upon a non-target substrate. The actuation system includes a detector configured to generate and transmit a profile signal of a test substrate. A processing unit is in communication with the detector and configured to receive the profile signal of the test substrate from the detector, the processing unit being configured to determine whether the profile signal of the test substrate corresponds to a profile signal of a target substrate, and to generate an actuation signal if the profile signal of the test substrate corresponds to the profile signal of the target substrate. An actuation unit is in communication with the processing unit and the base device, the actuation unit being configured to receive the actuation signal from the processing unit and to permit the base device to actuate when receiving the actuation signal.

Abstract: Systems and methods for assessing fluids from a patient are disclosed. The system includes a receptacle including an inlet port, an outlet port, and a third port; a valve system in fluidic communication with the receptacle; and one or more features in the receptacle to aid in optical imaging of fluids. The system has a fill mode and a flush mode. In the fill mode, the valve system directs suction from a vacuum source through the third port into the receptacle, thereby drawing fluid through the inlet port into the receptacle. In the flush mode, the valve system directs suction from the vacuum source through the outlet port, thereby drawing fluid through the outlet port out of the receptacle. Fluid-related information such as, for example, concentration of a blood component, may be estimated based on images of fluids in the receptacle.

Abstract: A method of estimating concentration of a blood compound may include: removing a baseline drift from Near-Infrared (NIR) spectroscopy data to obtain drift-free spectral features; obtaining a set of global features based on the drift-free spectral features; and estimating the concentration of the blood compound by regression using the set of global features.

Abstract: An optical sensor according to an example embodiment includes: a light source part configured to emit light onto an object; a signal separator configured to separate optical signals, returning from the object, into a fluorescence signal and a non-fluorescence signal; a first photodetector part configured to detect the non-fluorescence signal; and a second photodetector part configured to detect the fluorescence signal.

Abstract: A system may include a first sensor of a first type and a second sensor of a second different type and having a detector. A field of view of the second sensor may be formed by a plurality of regions of interest (ROIs) defined by the detector. Control circuitry of the system may be configured to perform operations including obtaining, from the first sensor, first sensor data representing an environment, and determining, based on the first sensor data, information associated with a feature of interest within the environment. The operations may also include determining, based on the information, a particular ROI that corresponds to an expected position of the feature at a later time, obtaining a plurality of ROI sensor data from the particular ROI instead of obtaining full-resolution sensor data, and analyzing the plurality of ROI sensor data to determine one or more attributes of the feature.

Abstract: An oxygen measurement device constituting an oxygen measurement system includes a urethral catheter and an oxygen sensor main body. The urethral catheter has a shaft in which a urethral catheter lumen that enables circulation of urine flowed in via a urethral catheter port from inside a bladder is formed; and has a hub in which a urine lumen that is provided at a proximal end of the shaft and communicates with the urethral catheter lumen is formed. The oxygen sensor main body is provided on the hub in a manner capable of being brought into contact with urine circulating in the urine lumen, and detects oxygen in the urine.

Abstract: In flow cytometry, particles (2) can be distinguished between populations (8) by combining n-dimensional parameter data, which may be derived from signal data from a particle, to mathematically achieve numerical results representative of an alteration (48). An alteration may include a rotational alteration, a scaled alteration, or perhaps even a translational alteration. Alterations may enhance separation of data points which may provide real-time classification (49) of signal data corresponding to individual particles into one of at least two populations.

Abstract: An apparatus for determining the mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) in a whole blood sample includes a sample holder including an elongate sample chamber having an open end and a closed end. A holding member is adapted to receive and retain the sample holder. The holding member rotates may rotate about an axis of rotation. When the sample holder is received and retained by the holding member the sample chamber is substantially perpendicular to the axis of rotation. First and second light sources are positioned on one side of the sample holder and are configured to emit light in respective different frequencies. At least one light sensor is positioned on a second side of the sample holder, opposite from the first side, so that light from the light source may pass through the sample chamber, in at least one rotational position of the sample holder, and impinge on the light sensor.

Abstract: Methods and systems of optically measuring systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure of a mammal having biological tissue are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the system comprises an optical blood motion sensor, a gas-sealable inflatable cushion having a flexible and transparent (FOT) barrier section, and an optical blood motion sensor comprising a laser. When pressure (e.g. at least systolic pressure) illuminates the tissue, laser light may pass en route to the tissue through the FOT sealing barrier section of the gas-sealable inflatable cushion as well as cushion interior. In some embodiments, a rigid restrictor comprising an optically transparent section is provided, and laser light also passes through the optically transparent section of the rigid restrictor en route to the biological tissue.

Abstract: A blood sample collector can be used to collect a blood sample from a subject. The blood sample collector can be placed in a receptacle of a spectrometer to measure spectral data from the blood sample while the blood sample separates. The container may comprise a window to allow light such as infrared light to pass through the container, with the blood sample at least partially separating within the container between spectral measurements, which can provide improved accuracy of the measurements and additional information regarding the sample. The container may comprise an elongate axis and the container configured for placement in the spectrometer receptacle with the elongate axis extending toward a vertical direction in order to improve gravimetric separation of the blood sample. The spectrometer can be configured to measure the blood sample at a plurality of heights along the sample as the sample separates.

Abstract: A system, for the transcutaneous measurement of a substance concentration, preferably alcohol, in blood, includes a light source (1); a detector device (15); an optical device (7, 7?), with an inlet (5), an outlet (49) and an exit opening (35); and a contact surface element (37) with a contact surface (41). Measuring radiation emitted by the light source (1) reaches the inlet (5) and exits the exit opening (35), to the contact surface (41). The optical device (7, 7?) focuses measuring radiation at a measuring point (39) at a predefined distance from the contact surface (41). The optical device (7, 7?) is configured such that scattered radiation generated in the measuring point (39) and entering into the exit opening (35) is focused at an outlet point (19) at the outlet (49). The detector device (15) is arranged to detect the scattered radiation focused at the outlet point (19).

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods herein relate to predicting infection of a patient. These systems and methods may comprise illuminating a patient fluid in a fluid conduit from a plurality of illumination directions, measuring an optical characteristic of the illuminated patient fluid using one or more sensors, and predicting an infection state of the patient based at least in part on the measured optical characteristic.

Abstract: A ring-type wearable device is disclosed. The disclosed ring-type wearable device comprises: an outer ring member; an inner ring member separably inserted into the outer ring member; a sensor unit disposed in the outer ring member; and a control unit disposed in the outer ring member so as to be electrically connected to the sensor unit, wherein the sensor unit can maintain constant sensitivity in correspondence to the thickness of the inner ring member.

Abstract: Protective coverings are provided for hand-held medical devices that have a measuring port for a disposable analytical test element. The coverings also include a sleeve having a reception opening and can be slipped over the devices to at least partially enclose the devices in a usable protected state. The coverings further include a test element adapter formed as an integral part of the sleeve to receive the test element in alignment with a measuring port, where the sleeve includes the test element adapter and is arranged as a sealing barrier between the test element and the device port in a protected state.

Abstract: An image processing device is configured to: generate a histogram of pixel values of a plurality of pixels contained in an image; set a background pixel value by using a peak value of the generated histogram; set a noise range with respect to the set background pixel value; and replace the pixel values that fall in the set noise range with a single arbitrary pixel value.

Abstract: The present disclosure includes methods, devices and systems for establishing a connection between a medical device and a remote computing device, receiving an upgrade command at the medical device, storing a current version of persistent data and a current version of executable code in a first storage area of the medical device, transmitting at least the current version of the persistent data to the remote computing device, receiving a second format of the current version of the persistent data and an upgraded version of executable code at the medical device, storing the second format of the current version of the persistent data and the upgraded version of the executable code in a second storage area of the medical device, and executing the upgraded version of the executable code with the second format of the current version of the persistent data.

Abstract: A flow cytometer including a laser beam that impinges upon a sample stream at an angle at 15-70°, optionally 30°, from C an orthogonal plane where the light and fluid intercept.

Abstract: A method and system is described that includes obtaining a whole blood sample and obtaining a first light absorbance profile of the whole blood sample. Next, the whole blood sample is hemolyzed to generate a hemolyzed sample of blood and a second light absorbance profile of the hemolyzed sample of blood is obtained. The level of hemolysis in the whole blood sample is determined by comparing the first light absorbance profile and the second light absorbance profile.

Abstract: Disclosed are devices and methods for analyzing an analyte, such as white blood cells in liquid samples.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system and method for determining a status of plants. The system includes a light transmitter arranged for providing broad band illumination to one or more plants. The system includes a light receiver including a plurality of receiver channels, the receiver channels arranged for receiving light from said one or more plants in mutually different wavelength bands. The system includes a processing unit arranged for determining a status of said one or more plants on the basis of light received by the plurality of receiver channels. The transmitter may be arranged for transmitting bursts of modulated light.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an examining device (1) for processing and analyzing an image of a bio sample, an examining method for processing and analyzing an image of a bio sample, a computer program element for controlling such device (1), and a corresponding computer readable medium. The examining device (1) for processing and analyzing an image of a bio sample comprises an interface unit, an image analyzing unit, and a display unit. The interface unit is configured to provide an image of a bio sample. The image analyzing unit is configured to indicate a region of interest in the image as reference region, to extract a characteristic of the reference region from the image and to analyze the image for alternative regions with a similar characteristic. The display unit is configured to display the result of the analysis for alternative regions with a similar characteristic.

Abstract: Paired images of substantially the same scene are captured with the same freestanding sensor. The paired images include reflected light illuminated with controlled polarization states that are different between the paired images. Information from the images is applied to a convolutional neural network (CNN) configured to derive a spatially varying bi-directional reflectance distribution function (SVBRDF) for objects in the paired images. Alternatively, the sensor is fixed and oriented to capture images of an object of interest in the scene while a light source traverses a path that intersects the sensor's field of view. Information from the paired images of the scene and from the images captured of the object of interest when the light source traverses the field of view are applied to a CNN to derive a SVBDRF for the object of interest. The image information and the SVBRDF are used to render a representation with artificial lighting conditions.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method and system for determining Total Count (TC) of RBCs in a Peripheral Blood Smear (PBS). The system receives a plurality of images from the monolayer of the PBS. Further, the system extracts, segments and identifies RBCs in each of the plurality of images using deep learning models. The system computes a value of each variable of a set of variables for each of the plurality of images. The set of variables includes foreground non-pallor area, density of RBCs, cell count, cell count ratio, foreground area and foreground hole-filled area. Furthermore, the system computes statistical parameters for each variable, over the plurality of images. The statistical parameters are provided as an input to supervised learning model, to determine TC of RBCs. Thus, the TC estimation system provides an efficient and robust method for estimating TC of RBCs using plurality of images of the PBS.

Abstract: Disclosed subject matter relates to Peripheral Blood Smear (PBS) that determines an area to be scanned in PBS for analysis. A PBS analysing system captures a focused image at each of plurality of positions in the PBS and determines Quality Indicators (QIs) in focused image. Further, a region is identified in PBS where QIs of focused image satisfy predefined QI threshold limits, as a monolayer region of PBS and determines an initiation point in monolayer region based on cell count value and co-ordinates of each of the plurality of positions located in the monolayer region. Finally, the area to be scanned in monolayer region is determined based on the initiation point and a predefined scan pattern. Determining the area to be scanned yields accurate and faster results.

Abstract: A sample collection and testing device for analyzing blood is provided that includes a controller, a fluid flow pathway, a pump configured to move fluid through the fluid pathway, and an optical fluid measurement element configured to measure a light intensity of the fluid in the fluid flow pathway. The controller is configured to: start the pump to move a blood sample in the fluid flow pathway, receive a signal from the optical fluid measurement element indicating a detection of a leading edge of the blood in the fluid flow pathway, stop the pump to stop the moving of the blood in the pathway, receive a plurality of light intensity measurements from the optical measurement element, each light intensity measurement measured at a corresponding point of time, and provide a mapping of the light intensity measurements into an indication of a coagulation of the blood sample over a time period.

Abstract: A sample observation device includes an irradiation unit that irradiates a sample with planar light, a scanning unit that scans the sample in one direction with respect to an irradiation surface of the planar light, an image formation unit that forms images of fluorescent light and scattered light from the sample, an imaging unit that outputs first image data based on a light image of the fluorescent light and second image data based on a light image of the scattered light, an image processing unit that generates a fluorescent light image on the basis of a plurality of pieces of first image data and generates a scattered light image on the basis of a plurality of pieces of second image data, and an analysis unit that specifies an area in which there is the sample in the fluorescent light image on the basis of the scattered light image, and sets an analysis area in the fluorescent light image on the basis of the area in which there is the sample.

Abstract: An integrated circuit device includes an insulating body provided with a number of electrically conductive leads and having a surface provided with a red LED aperture, an IR LED aperture and a photodetector aperture. The insulating body also includes an optical isolator optically separating the photodetector aperture from the red LED aperture and the IR LED aperture. A red LED is aligned with the red LED aperture, an IR LED is aligned with the IR LED aperture, and a photodetector is aligned with the photodetector aperture.

Abstract: [Object] To provide an information processing apparatus, a particle sorting system, a program, and a particle sorting method that practice a spectral type analysis usable for sorting particles. [Solving Means] The information processing apparatus according to an aspect of the present technology includes: an analysis unit; a learning unit; and a discrimination unit. The analysis unit calculates fluorophore information indicating respective amounts of luminescence of a plurality of types of fluorophores on the basis of detection data indicating amounts of luminescence of fluorescence at respective wavelength bands, the fluorescence having been emitted from a particle irradiated with excitation light, discriminates whether or not to treat the particle as a process target in accordance with the fluorophore information, and generates teaching data by associating a result of the discrimination with the detection data.

Abstract: Methods and systems of optically measuring systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure of a mammal having biological tissue are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the system comprises an optical blood motion sensor, a gas-sealable inflatable cushion having a flexible and transparent (FOT) barrier section, and an optical blood motion sensor comprising a laser. When pressure (e.g. at least systolic pressure) illuminates the tissue, laser light may pass en route to the tissue through the FOT sealing barrier section of the gas-sealable inflatable cushion as well as cushion interior. In some embodiments, a rigid restrictor comprising an optically transparent section is provided, and laser light also passes through the optically transparent section of the rigid restrictor en route to the biological tissue.

Abstract: In one aspect, a method of sorting cells in a flow cytometry system is disclosed, which includes illuminating a cell with radiation having at least two optical frequencies shifted from one another by a radiofrequency to elicit fluorescent radiation from the cell, detecting the fluorescent radiation to generate temporal fluorescence data, and processing the temporal fluorescence data to arrive at a sorting decision regarding the cell without generating an image (i.e., a pixel-by-pixel image) of the cell based on the fluorescence data. In some cases, the sorting decision can be made with a latency less than about 100 microseconds. In some embodiments, the above method of sorting cells can have a sub-cellular resolution. In some embodiments, a single radiofrequency shift is employed to separate the optical frequencies while in other such embodiments a plurality of different radiofrequency shifts are employed.