Abstract: An apparatus that measures light transmitted through a fluid sample and provides a direct readout of such a measurement by electronically converting light transmitted to an electrical signal that is displayed on a readout device; the apparatus contains a power source, a light source, a photodetector, a sample holder for samples that forms a cell; the improvements used in the apparatus are as follows:(a) a color interference filter positioned between the sample and the photodetector which filters out unwanted bands of color,(b) a converter which electronically converts a current signal from the photodetector to a voltage signal,(c) a logarithmic response circuit that changes the voltage signal to a logarithmic signal proportional to the logarithm of the voltage signal; and(d) a digital voltmeter that converts the logarithm signal to a signal that is displayed on a readout device.

Abstract: Apparatus for measuring transmitted light is described. The apparatus comprises a spectrophotometer which includes a light source; first and second diffusion chambers; a cuvette chamber and photodetection means.The apparatus also includes light transmitting channels through which light can pass from said source to the first diffusion chamber, from the first diffusion chamber through the cuvette chamber to the second diffusion chamber, and from the second diffusion chamber to the photodetector means.In the preferred embodiment the first and second diffusion chambers are light diffusing integrating spheres, and a filter is present in the light transmission channel between the light source and first diffusion chamber.

Abstract: An automatic centering device for photometers which facilitates the automatic centering of each microtiter well is accomplished simply by moving the microtiter plate so that the stainless steel lamp housing tip is in proximity of the well. There is sufficient tension in the lamp support arm to automatically "nest", i.e. snugly fit the lamp source on the perimeter of the well being read and thus optically centering the light beam with the photodetector.

Abstract: The cross sensitivity of a two-beam infrared gas analyzer is eliminated by using two differently long cells for the measuring gas in the two beam paths and by using an interference filter at least in the beam path containing the longer cell; the filter, however, does not filter the entire beam in that path.

Abstract: A new colorimeter blood analyzer having a capacity of simultaneously performing a specific blood test and reading the prothrombin time on a separate digital readout device. The program circuit module with appropriate calibration parameters which is self-referencing performs specific tests providing direct display of the desired blood constituent concentration. The analyzer provides an independent prothrombin well having a separate optical source for prothrombin time measurement providing direct display on an independent readout display. The analyzer also has a built-in digital readout quartz crystal timing device which can be operated when prothrombin time analysis is not conducted. The entire analyzer is contained in a compact console which includes controlled incubated storage for blood test samples together with insertion cavities for both constituent concentration and prothrombin time analysis.

Abstract: A photometer adapted for use with interchangeable calibration cards, comprising a galvanometer having a transparent cover over its indicator needle, the cover being provided with a slot along its edge which faces the center of the photometer, the slot being adapted to permit insertion of one end of one of the calibration cards into the covering, beneath the needle; a zone adjacent the galvanometer and the slot containing an orifice adapted to receive a photometer cell, a first control knob located on a side of the photometer for setting the photometer to its blank value; and a second control knob, for adjusting the wavelength of the photometer, having coded means thereon for corrolating various wavelengths of the photometer, produced by rotating the second control knob to various settings, to data contained on the calibration cards.

Abstract: Apparatus for illuminating a gas or gas mixture and filtering the output thereof alternately with two filters. One filter has a passband at an absorption band of a gas to be detected. The other filter has a passband outside the absorption band.

Abstract: Disclosed is a device for use in the colorimetric analysis of nickel in a emical plating solution. The device employs an automatic measuring system which includes a first automatic measuring system which comprises a means for transferring a chemical plating solution to be analyzed from a container to a first volumetric cup disposed to receive the solution into an inner section of the cup which is filled to overflowing into an outer section of the first volumetric cup. The outer section of the first volumetric cup has means for draining solution to the container. The first volumetric cup inner section is provided with drain means at bottom for draining the plating solution sample into an absorption cell. A second automatic measuring system is provided which comprises a means for transferring a standardized ammonium hydroxide solution by gravity flow from a second container to a second volumetric cup having an inner and outer section.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for automatically taking monochromatic light absorbance measurements on a plurality of fluid samples such as serum. The fluid samples to be processed are contained in a vessel having a plurality of curvettes into each of which is disposed a fluid sample to be analyzed and which vessel is on a processing path and moved by a unique drive belt mechanism capable of providing a plurality of movements to the vessel in different directions and selectively to a first position or station whereat the cuvettes in said vessel are washed and evacuated of any unbound materials and thence to a second station whereat a reagent is sequentially and serially added to each of the cuvettes, after which the fluid sample in each cuvette is exposed to a monochromatic light absorbance measuring device straddling the track at said second position and a spectroanalysis is made thereof.

Abstract: The optical detector is particularly adapted for use with an apparatus for separating blood into its components and is of the type including a centrifuge for centrifuging whole blood to separate same into the components thereof and of the type wherein plasma is withdrawn from the centrifuge through a flexible, light transmitting tubing and the spillover of red blood cells into the plasma withdrawn is monitored by the optical detector. The optical detector comprises a block having a slot across the top face thereof, the inner portion of the slot having a width less than the outer diameter of the tubing which is received in the slot such that when the tubing is pressed into the slot, it is squeezed from a circular cross section to an oval cross section to present two flat portions of the tubing adjacent opposite sidewalls of the slot. A first cavity is situated in the block behing a first sidewall of the slot and a second cavity is situated in the block behind a second sidewall of the slot.

Abstract: A liquid sample analyzer comprises an open, sample determining channel in the form of a small gap, means for supplying liquid sample to the channel, means for injecting a fluid into the channel to rinse its interior, and means for determining the optical density or the ion concentration of the liquid sample supplied to the channel. In this manner, the concentration of liquid sample such as blood is automatically determined and analyzed.

Abstract: The present invention encompasses an absorption spectrophotometer comprising:a light source for irradiating a test sample; a means for focusing light from the light source to a location within the test sample; and a means for concentrating light transmitted through the test sample onto a beam splitting element which separates the light received into a test beam and a reference beam and directs the test beam through a first interference filter which passes light corresponding to an absorption band of the test sample to a first detector, and directs the reference beam through a second interference filter which passes a band of light outside the absorption band of the test sample to a second detector.

Abstract: A color monitoring device is provided for measuring the concentration of a colored component in a flowing gas or liquid stream in which polychromatic light is passed through a frosted lens, then through a transparent sight tube through which the flowing stream passes, then through a second frosted lens, then through a sight mask which divides the light into two beams, one beam then passing through a first filter and the second beam passing through a second filter, the light beams passing through the filters then being directed to a first and second photoconductor, respectively. The first filter is one which absorbs light which is absorbed by the colored component to be measured and passes all other light. The second filter is one which passes light absorbed by the colored component and absorbs light of substantially all other wave lengths.

Abstract: The present invention encompasses an internal reflectance spectrometer comprising:(a) a prism adaptable for optically coupling test sample to one surface thereof;(b) a means for irradiating the test sample with light of wave length absorbed by the test sample, said means directing light to enter the test sample from the prism surface having test sample thereon at an angle between the critical angle and about 35.degree. less than the critical angle, said light refracted in the test samples so that said light is internally reflected from the test sample remote from the prism surface; and(c) a means for detecting the internally reflected light.The instrument of the present invention is a full range absorbtion spectrometer.

Abstract: A method for determining the quantity ratio of two components of a multi-substance mixture whose absorption bands are adjacent to each other and overlap comprises using an interference filter which is rotated in a uniform rotation about a first axis through the filter plane which forms with a perpendicular erected on the filter plane a fixed angle .beta. which is not equal to zero. The filter is rotatably arranged about a second axis through the filter plane and the method is characterized by adjusting the angle .alpha. which the axis of rotation forms with the ray in the range of .beta. is less than .alpha. so that a signal corresponding to the first derivative of the spectral intensity distribution of the radiation transmitted by the substance mixture just passes through zero and a quantity correlated with this angle is used as a measure of the quantity ratio.

Abstract: An improved Colorimeter which can be used to analyze samples in either a stationary mode (e.g. in a test tube) or in a flow-through mode wherein the sample flows through the apparatus. The Colorimeter is equipped with means to direct the illuminating radiation selectively to either mode of sample.