Abstract: A system and a method for real-time processing and monitoring, the system including a light source to provide an illumination light and a calibration light are provided. The system includes an optical element to separate the illumination light and the calibration light; an optical element to direct the illumination light to a sample; an optical element to direct the calibration light to a first detector and a second detector; an optical element to collect light backscattered from the sample; an optical element to separate light backscattered from the sample into a first scattered light portion and a second scattered light portion; an optical element to direct the first scattered light portion through at least one multivariate optical element to the first detector; and an optical element to direct the second scattered light portion to the second detector.

Abstract: A system for monitoring operating parameters for the pump section of an electrical submersible pump. The system includes an optic fiber associated with the pump section of an electrical submersible pump and having a sensor to detect at least one operating parameter within the pump section. The system also includes a signal analyzer operably associated with the optic fiber to receive an optical signal representative of the detected operating parameter.

Abstract: An illumination system for a lithographic or inspection apparatus. A plurality of optical waveguides transmit radiation from the illumination source to an output. A switching system enables selective control of one or more subsets of the optical waveguides. An inspection method uses an illumination system and inspection and lithographic apparatuses comprise an illumination system. In one example, the optical waveguides and switching system are replaced by a plurality of parallel optical bandpass filter elements. The optical bandpass filter elements each only transmit a predetermined wavelength or a band of wavelengths of radiation. At least two of the parallel optical bandpass filter elements each being operable to transmit a different wavelength or band of wavelengths.

Abstract: A light sensing apparatus for measuring the reflectance of sub surface soil in real-time while attached to a moving vehicle is disclosed. Reflectance measurements from the apparatus can be related to the organic matter content of the soil. The apparatus is housed in a corrosion resistant enclosure having field rebuildable wear surfaces. The wear surfaces help extend the life of the apparatus by isolating the apparatus's main enclosure from soil abrasion. The wear surfaces also assist in conditioning the sensed soil surface by smoothing the surface prior to sensing. Signal conditioning circuitry in the apparatus is utilized to reject the influence of ambient light in the advent that the soil/apparatus interface opens. A digital processor or other “intelligent controller” is utilized in the apparatus to auto calibrate the apparatus in real-time and/or use predetermined tables or mathematical relationships in order to convert reflectance information into organic matter measurements.

Abstract: Integrating optical systems and methods of use are described herein. In one embodiment, an integrating optical system comprises: a housing having a first and second portions; and a chamber having a diffuse reflective material and a volume formed within the portions when coupled together. The portions are separable to allow insertion and removal of at least one light treatable object in and out of the chamber. At least one aperture is formed in the chamber to couple to a light source and to direct light from the light source to at least a first portion of the diffuse reflective material. At least one holding structure supports the object within the volume at a location, wherein the diffuse reflective material, the aperture and the location ensure that the light is diffusely reflected to integrate the light and impact the object with substantially uniform light without movement of the object.

Abstract: An optical measurement apparatus includes a hemispherical portion having a diffuse reflection layer on an inner wall, and a plane portion disposed to involve a substantial center of curvature of the hemispherical portion and close an opening of the hemispherical portion, and having a reflection layer on an inner surface side of the hemispherical portion. The plane portion includes: at least one of a window for introducing light to be homogenized in an integrating space formed between the hemispherical portion and the plane portion, and a window for extracting light homogenized in the integrating space; an outer portion formed of a first material chiefly causing specular reflection, and occupying at least a region of a predetermined width from an outermost circumference; and an inner portion formed of a second material chiefly causing diffuse reflection and having a higher reflectance for at least an ultraviolet region than the first material.

Abstract: An inspection region is specified using the design information to perform region division for measurement through a scatterometry method. The obtained detection data is classified by pattern into a periodic region and a non-periodic region. A spectroscopic characteristic is detected by an optical sensor to extract features. The extracted features are compared with features stored in a feature map database for each region to evaluate a state of a patterned medium.

Abstract: An improved solid-state laser for generating 193 nm light is described. This laser uses the 6th harmonic of a fundamental wavelength near 1160 nm to generate the 193 nm light. The laser mixes the 1160 nm fundamental wavelength with the 5th harmonic, which is at a wavelength of approximately 232 nm. By proper selection of non-linear media, such mixing can be achieved by nearly non-critical phase matching. This mixing results in high conversion efficiency, good stability, and high reliability.

Abstract: Subject of the present application is a method to determine the satin-effect on metal plated substrates comprising the following steps: i) irradiate the sample with light, ii) detect the intensity distribution of the scattered light, iii) determine at least one of the following parameters:—the Aq value of the intensity distribution, wherein the Aq value represents the variance of the backscattered light angle (?i) multiplied with the device constant k and—the integrated intensity of the intensity distribution, iv) compare the at least one parameter to a target value.

Abstract: Systems and methods for detecting tumor margins are disclosed. The detection can be performed intra-operatively. A device is provided for housing a tissue sample during optical analysis for detection of tumor margins.

Abstract: In far ultraviolet spectroscopy using attenuated total reflection, total reflection light is measured by using evanescent waves of total reflection light. The penetration depth thereof is equal to or larger than 150 nm in a wavelength range in the far ultraviolet range wherein the penetration depth depends on a wavelength of the far ultraviolet light, refractive index of an object to be measured, refractive index of optical material of the probe and incident angle of the far ultraviolet light at an interface between the probe and the object. The attenuated total reflection probe is made of an optical material selected so as to have the penetration depth equal to or higher than 150 nm in far ultraviolet wavelength range, and the probe makes contact with the object to be measured at the interface, and the far ultraviolet light is incident on the interface at incident angle larger than critical angle in the wavelength range so as to have the penetration depth equal to or higher than 150 nm.

Abstract: A probe includes an optical system which irradiates a site of a biological tissue and receives light emitted from the site, and an imaging device. The imaging device is disposed ahead of the optical system closer to the end of the probe. The probe rotates the incident direction of the light and the imaging direction of the imaging device around a rotation axis directed to the longitudinal direction of the probe while fixing an angle between the incident direction and the imaging direction. The optical system receives the light from the site which always falls in the field of view of the imaging device, or brought with a time lag into the field of view of the imaging device as a result of rotation, the light being incident in the direction normal to, or inclined away from the rotation axis.

Abstract: An instrument for measuring and analyzing surface plasmon resonance on a sensor surface has a polarized light source optically connected to the sensor surface by a plurality of optical elements, including in one embodiment an optical telescope that transfers light from a rotatable reflecting surface to the sensor surface. Selective positioning of a cylindrical lens into a first position within the path of light transforms collimated light to a rectangular wedge that is incident upon the sensor surface at numerous angles. In another embodiment, the light source is operated as a laser to excite fluorescence on the sensor surface and the fluorescence is selectively directed to a detector by appropriate optical elements positioned in specific configurations.

Abstract: A method of determining an overlay error in which asymmetry of a first order of a diffraction pattern is modeled as being a weighted sum of harmonics. Both the first order harmonic and higher order harmonics are non-negligible and weights for both are calculated. The weights are calculated using three or more of sets of superimposed patterns using a least mean square method.

Abstract: A surface inspection apparatus for observing an edge portion of an object to be inspected includes an illumination device that irradiates an illumination light to the edge portion; and an observation device that forms an image of an observation region of the edge portion illuminated with the illumination light. The illumination device emits a first irradiation beam and a second irradiation beam as the illumination light. The first irradiation beam is incident at approximately right angles to the edge portion for compensating brightness of the image and the second irradiation beam is obliquely incident laterally to the observation region of the edge portion for generating a shadow depending on a surface state of the observation region.

Abstract: A method of imaging an optically thin sample is described wherein a collimated beam is directed through the sample and then reflected back through the sample one or more times. The beam is then directed toward a detector which collects and analyzes the spatial and spectral composition of the beam. In some embodiments, the detector is a focal plane array with a large number of detector elements. In other embodiments the relative position of a single detector or a small detector array and the sample is altered and the process is repeated, thereby tracing out a large virtual detector array. In either case, the spectral information received by the detector elements can be related, by methods which are elaborated below, to information about the spatial distribution of absorption in the sample.

Abstract: The present invention provides a quantitative evaluation method of fouling of antifouling properties, a fouling evaluation apparatus, and a production method of optical members, which can be applied to various members, and haves high reproducibility and enable to detect a subtle difference between fouling, and an optical layered body having a property of preventing fingerprints from adhering, an anti-contamination property and a degree of recovery from fouling, and a display product including the optical layered body. The present invention pertains to an evaluation method of fouling, wherein light is radiated to a test sample and scattered light reflected off or passing through the test sample is detected to evaluate a degree of fouling of the surface of the test sample.

Abstract: A device for referenced measurement of reflected light and a method for calibrating such a device are disclosed.

Abstract: At least some aspects of the disclosure are directed towards densitometers and methods of determining optical density of printed images upon media. According to one example, an optical density determination apparatus includes a first light source configured to emit a first light beam in a first direction towards a substrate; a second light source configured to emit a second light beam in a second direction towards the substrate, the second direction being different than the first direction; a first sensor configured to sense light of the first light beam reflected from the substrate; a second sensor configured to sense light of the second light beam reflected from the substrate; and wherein the first and second sensors are configured to provide signals indicative of the light sensed by the first and second sensors and which are useable to determine optical density of the substrate.

Abstract: An arrangement for detecting marks on reflective material for regulating registration on printing machines includes a camera, a reflector plate with an opening, a light protection element and an illuminating element. The camera is arranged behind the opening of the reflector plate to record an image of the registration marks through the opening. The reflector plate can be flat or curved inwards like a parabola, and has a light protection element on the edges thereof. The flat reflector plate must be at least big enough that the plate edges reflected on the web material lie outside the mark regions to be recorded. The illuminating element is arranged inside the light protection element, and the surface of the reflector plate and the surface of the light protecting element are a white diffusely reflecting colour, on the sides facing the reflective web material.

Abstract: Brightness factors associated with shade fabric may be utilized when shading a building. A brightness factor may incorporate an openness factor, a visible light reflectance, a diffusion factor, a color, or other characteristics of the shade fabric. The brightness factor may be utilized when selecting a particular shade fabric for a room, building or other location. Additionally, the brightness factor may be utilized by an automated shade control system. The shade fabric selection may affect the building envelope by facilitating the optimization of daylighting, reduction of artificial electric lighting needs, minimization of glare conditions, and reduction of thermal load.

Abstract: The present invention provides a quantitative evaluation method of fouling of antifouling properties, a fouling evaluation apparatus, and a production method of optical members, which can be applied to various members, and haves high reproducibility and enable to detect a subtle difference between fouling, and an optical layered body having a property of preventing fingerprints from adhering, an anti-contamination property and a degree of recovery from fouling, and a display product including the optical layered body. The present invention pertains to an evaluation method of fouling, wherein light is radiated to a test sample and scattered light reflected off or passing through the test sample is detected to evaluate a degree of fouling of the surface of the test sample.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for in-situ monitoring of an EUV mirror to determine a degree of optical degradation. The method may comprise the steps/acts of irradiating at least a portion of the mirror with light having a wavelength outside the EUV spectrum, measuring at least a portion of the light after the light has reflected from the mirror, and using the measurement and a pre-determined relationship between mirror degradation and light reflectivity to estimate a degree of multi-layer mirror degradation. Also disclosed is a method for preparing a near-normal incidence, EUV mirror which may comprise the steps/acts of providing a metallic substrate, diamond turning a surface of the substrate, depositing at least one intermediate material overlying the surface using a physical vapor deposition technique, and depositing a multi-layer mirror coating overlying the intermediate material.

Abstract: An attraction state inspection device includes a diffusion member that is disposed inside a nozzle group in which a plurality of nozzles that attract parts are disposed, and transmits incident light while diffusing the light, an image pickup is disposed on a side of the nozzle group apart from the diffusion member in a first direction, picks up an image of a part attracted by one nozzle positioned in the first direction with respect to the diffusion member, from among the plurality of nozzles, against a background of the diffusion member, and obtains an image of the part, an irradiation unit that is disposed opposite the image pickup unit with the diffusion member interposed therebetween, and radiates light toward the nozzle group, and an inspection unit that inspects an attraction state of the part on the basis of the image of the picked up part.

Abstract: Provided is a device in which light from a sample 7 fixed in a test piece 1 is captured by an image sensor 5 through an optical system made up of a lens 3, a diaphragm 4, and so on and concentration information is obtained, wherein a wide-band light source 12 for illuminating the test piece 1 is combined with an optical filter 13 for optionally selecting a wavelength of the light captured by the image sensor. Thus it is possible to reduce a measurement error caused by a change of the light quantity distribution of the light source 12.

Abstract: A hand-held color measurement device is provided that includes a housing with a measurement unit which receives measurement light through a measurement window, converts it into measurement signals, processes the measurement signals to form digital color measurement data, and provides it via a communications interface. A U-shaped bracket is arranged on the housing and includes a middle portion in which a diffuser is integrated. The two side arms of the bracket are rotatably mounted on the housing such that the bracket can be pivoted by 180° from a monitor position to an ambient light position and back to the monitor position, and wherein the diffuser lies in front of the measurement window in the ambient light position and is situated at a rear wall of the housing opposite the front wall in the monitor position. A holding mechanism is provided on the housing and on the two side arms of the bracket which fixes the bracket in its monitor position or ambient light position, respectively.

Abstract: A system and method for measuring photons utilizing a low-power light source modulated with a code sequence to interrogate a sample of interest. Preferably a portion of the scattered light from the sample is detected by a photo-detector. A correlation of the photo-detector signal and the code sequence produces an estimate of the distribution of flight times for photons traveling from the source to the detector.

Abstract: A mechanism is disclosed for capturing reflected rays from a surface. A first and second lens aligned along a same optical center axis are configured so that a beam of light collimated parallel to the lens center axis directed to a first side, is converged toward the lens center axis on a second side. A first light beam source between the first and second lenses directs a light beam toward the first lens parallel to the optical center axis. Second light beam source(s) on the second side of the first lens, direct a light beam toward a focal plane of the first lens at a desired angle. An image capturing component, at the second side of the second lens, has an image capture surface directed toward the second lens to capture images of the light reflected from a sample capture surface at the focal plane of the first lens.

Abstract: There is provided a method of evaluating quantitatively surface properties such as cleanness and quality of the surface of a work that has been evaluated in the past by visual appearance inspection. A determined pattern 14 is made from plural concentric circles arranged at a center of an object lens in a taking picture device 12. A front edge of a probe is in contact with the surface of a work by the probe 10 that is provided at a middle portion of a cylindrical case 11 in a vertical direction so that the surface of the work and the determined pattern face each other. The determined pattern is illuminated by light of a light source so that a reflected image of the determined pattern is projected onto the surface of the work. A picture of the reflected image is taken by the taking picture device. The resulted image data includes standard deviation of brightness distribution of the resulted image data positioned on radius lines extending in all directions to outside from a center of the ring pattern image.

Abstract: A method of collecting data from an optical channel monitor for monitoring the power of a wavelength-division multiplexed light signal at each wavelength is disclosed. The total light power is analog-to-digital converted by an A/D converter. The data of the total light power which has been analog-to-digital converted is compared with a reference light power by a comparator for each conversion, and when the difference between the total light power and the reference light power exceeds a predetermined threshold, a power fluctuation flag is turned ON. After the comparison, the above process of the analog-to-digital conversion and the comparison is iterated until the optical channel monitor completes the data collection for each wavelength. Thereafter, the processor determines whether the power fluctuation flag is ON or not. When the power fluctuation flag is ON, the processor discards the currently collected data and maintains the data which were collected immediately before.

Abstract: Objects are sorted according to specific gravity by illuminating the objects with near-infrared light with different wavelengths. Measurement of the light absorbed by each object at the different wavelengths permits a dry matter content of the object to be determined. Specific gravity can then be determined using a predetermined correlation between dry matter content and specific gravity. A sorting mechanism responsive to determination of specific gravity by the controller separates the food objects into at least two different groups corresponding to different specific gravity.

Abstract: A goniophotometer includes an arc reflector; a holder for positioning a light source at the center of the arc reflector; a stationary detector substantially disposed at the center of the arc reflector and aimed at an arc reflective surface of the reflector; a driving device for rotating the holder with respect to the reflector and the detector about an axis of the light source; and a computing unit configured to convert a detection result of the detector into a measurement value.

Abstract: The present invention provides a quantitative evaluation method of fouling of antifouling properties, a fouling evaluation apparatus, and a production method of optical members, which can be applied to various members, and haves high reproducibility and enable to detect a subtle difference between fouling, and an optical layered body having a property of preventing fingerprints from adhering, an anti-contamination property and a degree of recovery from fouling, and a display product including the optical layered body. The present invention pertains to an evaluation method of fouling, wherein light is radiated to a test sample and scattered light reflected off or passing through the test sample is detected to evaluate a degree of fouling of the surface of the test sample.

Abstract: A method and an arrangement of measuring acidity or other chemical or physical property of a gas. The invention comprises a membrane having optical indicator molecules bound to a microporous matrix arranged to be placed into contact with the gas to be measured, the optical indicator molecules changing their colour in response to the acidity or other chemical or physical property of the gas, a light source, and a detector. The light source is arranged to emit and direct light to the membrane, the light being transmitted through the membrane, whereby a part of the light is absorbed into the optical indicator molecules, and the rest of the light emitted is guided to the detector, where it is measured.

Abstract: A system for calibrating a spectrometer includes wide field-of-view (WFOV) optics providing a first light path to a WFOV spectrometer, and narrow field-of-view (NFOV) optics providing a second light path to a NFOV spectrometer. A de-focusing optic is selectively positioned in the first or second light paths. A scan controller selectively controls the WFOV or NFOV optics to scan a celestial body. A processor is configured to calibrate the de-focusing optic, while the WFOV optics scan the celestial body. First, the WFOV optics scan the celestial body without the de-focusing optic positioned in the first light path. Second, the WFOV optics scan the celestial body with the de-focusing optic positioned in the first light path. Next, the processor calibrates the NFOV spectrometer, while the NFOV optics and the de-focusing optic scan the celestial body. After the NFOV spectrometer is calibrated, the NFOV spectrometer may be used to measure the albedo of the earth.

Abstract: Subject of the present application is a method to determine the satin-effect on metal plated substrates comprising the following steps: i) irradiate the sample with light, ii) detect the intensity distribution of the scattered light, iii) determine at least one of the following parameters:—the Aq value of the intensity distribution, wherein the Aq value represents the variance of the backscattered light angle (?i) multiplied with the device constant k and—the integrated intensity of the intensity distribution, iv) compare the at least one parameter to a target value.

Abstract: A method and system for improved image quality using an image quality matching method is used to match the optical density of single prints produced on multiple print engines by first sensing the optical density of a first image produced on a first print engine and then sensing the optical density of a second image produced on a second print engine before comparing the optical densities and determining if they are substantially equal. If they are not equal set points and exposures are adjusted on one or both print engines until the differences between the optical densities is less than 0.05, preferably 0.03. The density is changed by adjusting the initial voltage on the primary imaging member of at least one print engine and/or by adjusting the exposure of the primary imaging member of at least one print engine.

Abstract: The present invention provides a quantitative evaluation method of fouling of antifouling properties, a fouling evaluation apparatus, and a production method of optical members, which can be applied to various members, and haves high reproducibility and enable to detect a subtle difference between fouling, and an optical layered body having a property of preventing fingerprints from adhering, an anti-contamination property and a degree of recovery from fouling, and a display product including the optical layered body. The present invention pertains to an evaluation method of fouling, wherein light is radiated to a test sample and scattered light reflected off or passing through the test sample is detected to evaluate a degree of fouling of the surface of the test sample.

Abstract: An apparatus for analyzing an aqueous solution, as may be implemented with a hand-held portable electronic device (10) and test element (16). A test pad (32) of the test element responsive in color to a characteristic of an aqueous solution is interrogated by the device by measuring intensity values of an interrogating test light as reflected off of the test pad. The test pad may be supported on an opaque and non-reflective substrate (28) that cooperates with an opaque edge portion (14E) of a test element placement member (14B) and associated side walls (14W) of the device to minimize the impingement of ambient light onto the test pad during interrogation.

Abstract: A measurement device includes a light sensing element on which light from a measurement target region placing a measurement target thereon forms an image, and a plurality of light emitting elements that are disposed around the light sensing element and radiate light to the measurement target region, wherein the plurality of light emitting elements are disposed to be tilted with respect to the normal line of the measurement target region such that the central line of radiated emission from each of the light emitting elements passes through a substantial center of the measurement target region.

Abstract: The invention relates to measurement of chemical spillage, such as oil spillage, by the use of one or more IR-lasers, necessary optics and optical sensors. The measurements are performed by reflecting the emitted light from the laser(s) back from the chemical and registered by optical sensors. To accurately detecting the chemical the system utilizes at least three different wavelengths which are emitted from one or more lasers. The wavelengths are chosen so that the reflection from the chemical is different for at least three of these, and that it can be distinguished from the background.

Abstract: In one aspect, the present invention relates to a device for remote sensing of emissions of a vehicle driven on a road. In one embodiment, the device includes a source for emitting a beam of light and transmitting the emitted light through an exhaust plume emitted from the vehicle to the surface of a lane of the road on which the vehicle is driven, wherein the transmitted light is scattered at the surface of the lane; a detector for receiving at least one portion of the scattered light scattered from the surface of the lane; and a processor for processing the received light therein to provide one or more spectra of the received light so as to determine components and concentrations of the exhaust plume. The source and the detector are located in the same side of the road.

Abstract: Methods and devices are provided to measure segregation in solid particulate mixtures. Light energy is projected through a transparent barrier and reflected off a surface of a mixture volume. The constituent fraction in the mixture is determined by analyzing the mixture reflected light as a combination of the constituents' known reflected light spectral contents and intensities. This is accomplished at multiple surface locations to provide constituent fraction data over the mixture volume surface.

Abstract: In a method for determining one or more properties of a substrate, scatterometry spectra can be measured from one or more targets on the substrate. Reconstructions of each of said spectra can be performed to derive one or more values for the property of the substrate, by comparing representations of each of the measured spectra with one or more modeled representations of spectra calculated using variable parameter values. At least one parameter in the reconstruction for each spectrum can be linked to the value of the parameter used in the reconstruction for a different spectrum.

Abstract: A system for optical navigation includes a light source and an imaging system. The light source illuminates a navigation surface. The navigation surface reflects light from the light source. The imaging system is located approximately within a path of the reflected light. The imaging system includes a lens, a mask, and an image sensor. The lens receives reflected light from the navigation surface. The lens focuses a specular portion of the reflected light to a focus region. The mask is located at approximately the focus region. The mask filters out substantially all of the specular portion of the reflected light and passes at least some of a scatter portion of the reflected light outside of the focus region. The image sensor generates a navigation signal based on the scattered portion of the light that passes outside the focus region and is incident on the image sensor.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical transmission device, comprising a chamber having a light input into the chamber, and having a first port allowing light to pass out of the chamber, and comprising internal surfaces where at least a portion of the surfaces is diffusely reflecting, and where at least a portion of the one or more surfaces is specularly reflecting, and where the light input and the first port and the one or more surfaces are configured such that substantially all light entering the chamber via the light source within a first predetermined aperture must encounter the diffusely reflecting portion before exiting the chamber via the first port within a second predetermined aperture. The invention can provide substantially homogenous light transmission, both as a source of light for optical systems and as a collector of light from a sample.

Abstract: A system for measuring a characteristic of a solar cell is disclosed and includes a light source irradiating an optical signal having a spectral range from about 100 nm to about 3000 nm, a wavelength selector configured to selectively narrow the spectral range of the optical signal, a beam splitter, a reference detector in optical communication with the beam splitter and configured to measure a characteristic of the optical signal, a specimen irradiated with the optical signal, a reflectance detector in optical communication with the specimen via the beam splitter and configured to measure an optical characteristic of the optical signal reflected by the specimen, a multiplexer in communication with at least one of the reference detector, specimen, and reflectance detector, and a processor in communication with at least one of the reference detector, specimen, and reflectance detector via the multiplexer and configured to calculate at least one characteristic of the specimen.

Abstract: A surface plasmon resonance coupler and disperser system is provided. A sensor element includes a diffraction grating having a periodically modulated surface. A light source faces the sensor element and emits an optical wave through a collimating element, which is provided in optical alignment with the light source. The optical wave is projected directly onto the periodically modulated surface of the diffraction grating. A detector faces the diffracting grating and is in receipt of the optical wave that is diffracted off the sensor element.

Abstract: An apparatus for obtaining reflectance data of an object includes a diffuser having a surface. The apparatus includes a mapping portion that affects a mapping between a light field at the object's surface and a light field at the diffuser surface for BRDF capture of the object. A method for obtaining reflectance data usable to determine a plurality of values of the BRDF of an object. The method includes the steps of illuminating the object. There is the step of affecting a mapping between a light field at the object's surface and a light field at a diffuser surface for BRDF capture of the object with a mapping portion. An apparatus and a method for measuring an 8D reflectance field of an object or a 3D object.

Abstract: A catadioptric optical system operates in a wide spectral range. In an embodiment, the catadioptric optical system includes a first reflective surface positioned and configured to reflect radiation; a second reflective surface positioned and configured to reflect radiation reflected from the first reflective surface as a collimated beam, the second reflective surface having an aperture to allow transmission of radiation through the second reflective surface; and a channel structure extending from the aperture toward the first reflective surface and having an outlet, between the first reflective surface and the second reflective surface, to supply radiation to the first reflective surface.