Abstract: A sensor is provided that includes a first optical body having at opposing, spaced sides an incident surface and a reflecting surface. The sensor includes an optical pathway for carrying incident light to the incident surface. The first optical body acts as a Fabry-Pérot etalon, such that a portion of the incident light passes through the incident surface, reflects from the reflecting surface, and then returns along the optical pathway. The first optical body is formed of a material whose optical absorbance increases depending on the neutron fluence experienced by the material, such that a corresponding characteristic attenuation is produced in the reflected light returned along the optical pathway depending on the neutron fluence experienced by the first optical body. The sensor may measure pressure in combination with the measurement of temperature and neutron fluence, and a further sensor is provided for combined measurement of pressure and neutron fluence.

Abstract: An advertisement display device displays an outdoor advertising image and emits light (advertisement ID light) modulated in accordance with the advertisement ID and having the luminance changed temporally in the same direction as the display direction of the outdoor advertising image. Receiving the advertisement ID light, a portable terminal demodulates and decodes it to acquire the advertisement ID and sends advertisement recognition information including the advertisement ID, time, location of the portable terminal, direction from the portable terminal to the advertisement display device, and terminal ID to a server. The server aggregates the advertisement recognition information for each advertisement and for each time window and creates advertising effect information.

Abstract: A spectrometer comprises a detector array and a prism. The prism comprises a first prism element comprising a substantially crystalline crown material, and a second prism element contacting the first prism element, the second prism element comprising a substantially crystalline flint material. The spectrometer further includes optics configured to direct light at least twice through the prism. The prism is configured to disperse light received from the optics at an incident angle therethrough into constituent spectra in visible and infrared wavelength bands that are dispersed from the prism at angles offset from the incident angle. The constituent spectra are directed onto the detector array with approximately equal dispersion across the visible and infrared wavelength bands. Among other things, desirable material selections for the first and second prism elements are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for detecting biological material in an airstream, in which method the airstream is fed with the aid of sampling devices, a light beam is emitted towards the airstream, a fluorescence signal depicting the fluorescence of the particle is created, a scattering signal depicting the scattering of the light of the particle is created, the fluorescence signal and the scattering signal are converted into discrete values, and an alarm value is defined, the discrete values are recorded cumulatively as hit points in an at least 2-dimensional measurement space equipped with selected dimensions, at least one index area is preselected from the said measurement space, a cumulative index is calculated at an index frequency from the hit points accumulated on the each preselected index area, an alarm value, showing the presence of a selected biological material, is defined from the said indices by using a preselected criterion.

Abstract: An optical sensor system is disclosed including a source module, a detection module, and a heating module. The source module includes a source housing unit having a source window member to emit a detection signal through the source window member. The detection module includes a first detection housing unit having a first detection window member spaced apart from the source module. The detection signal received by the detection module corresponds to an amount of volatile organic compounds (VOC) present in a path of the detection signal between the detection module and the source module. The heating module heats the source window member and the detection window member to remove deposit formation of the VOC there from.

Abstract: An oblique incidence broadband spectroscopic polarimeter which is easy to adjust the focus, achromatic, maintains the polarization and has simple structure is provided. It comprise at least one polarizer (P, A), at least one curved reflector element (OAP1, OAP2, OAP3, OAP4) and at least two flat reflector elements (M1, M2). By utilizing the flat reflector element, the oblique incidence broadband spectroscopic polarimeter can change the propagate direction of beam, and compensate the polarization changes caused by the reflective focusing unit, make the polarization of beam passed the polarizer unchanged when obliquely incident and focus on the sample surface. The oblique incidence broadband spectroscopic polarimeter can accurately measure the optical constants of sample material, film thickness, and/or the critical dimension (CD) properties or three-dimensional profile for analyze the periodic structure of the sample.

Abstract: An optical sensor system includes a source module and a detection module. The source module includes a source housing unit having a source window member and a source shielding member. The source module emits a detection signal through the source window member. The detection module includes a detection housing unit having a detection window member and a detection shielding member. The detection module is spaced apart from the source module. The detection module detects the detection signal emitted from the source module at the detection window member.

Abstract: A device (10) for the optical measurement of a physical parameter includes: a laser light source (11) for generating a measurement beam in the direction of a target (20) and for receiving the measurement beam reflected by the target; the measurement beam travelling along an optical path whose variation depends on the physical parameter to be determined and the laser light source having an optical cavity (111); a motion sensor (14) for the laser light source (11); elements (15) for calculating the physical parameter from a signal measured at the laser light source (11) and a signal measured by the motion sensor (14).

Abstract: The present invention provides a laminated structure for measuring reflected light intensity able to measure the thickness of a surface adsorbed film with high sensitivity by a simple optical technique. Provided are a laminated structure for measuring reflected light intensity at at least one wavelength that comprises a valve metal optical interference layer, and a method for measuring film thickness and/or mass and/or viscosity of a thin film targeted for measurement by radiating light onto the thin film targeted for measurement and measuring a change in reflected light intensity at at least one wavelength in a measurement medium in this laminated structure for measuring reflected light intensity.

Abstract: A device for positioning a measuring head above a print substrate includes a display device and a motor-driven positioning device for the measuring head. The motor-driven positioning device for the measuring head is controllable by a computer connected to the display device. Measurement locations are selectable on the display device and the measuring head is positioned by the positioning device depending on the selected measurement locations.

Abstract: A gauge profile apparatus (100) includes a gauge profile system (104) and a lap count system (106) for determining an average three-dimensional profile over the length of a sheet coil (10). The gauge profile system (104) includes a lap profile measuring device (112) which will make a distance determination between top and bottom surfaces for the sheet coil (10). A second embodiment of a lap count system (600) is also provided, which utilizes a pair of reflectance lasers and a positioning system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system for extending microscopy information, where the microscopy information is image information from a first region (118) of an associated sample, the first region being imaged with an imaging system. The extension of the microscopy information originates from probing a larger second region (116) by photons which are emitted at an exit position (128) and collected at en entry position (130). The exit position and the entry position are spatially separated so that so that average spectral information of photons emitted from the exit position and collected at the entry position, is dependent on the second region (116) of the associated sample, the second region (116) being larger than the first region (118).

Abstract: A system for measuring a dynamic pressure in a gas using a tunable diode laser. The system of this aspect includes a laser transmission system that includes the tunable diode laser and configured to transmit laser light created by the tunable diode laser through the gas and a laser receiving system configured to receive the laser light after it has passed through the gas to create absorption peaks from the received laser light. The laser receiving system is configured to estimate a change in pressure based on an expansion of one of the absorption peaks.

Abstract: The present invention makes Yi's 4-in-1 antique identification method known to the public. It combines visual inspection, colorimetric method, microscopic observation and density comparison to one method. Among them the density comparison is to detect the object's unit weight, contrast the unit weight of object to determine the age. This invention combines the antique's inherent physical constant to confirm its age. The present invention may be used for the identification of porcelain, jade and bronze. The user then obtains more accurate results by using this easy, simple and cost-effective method.

Abstract: Systems and methods for measuring the isotope ratio of one or more trace gases and/or components of gas mixtures such as different gas species present in a gas mixture. The system includes a resonant optical cavity having two or more mirrors and containing a gas, the cavity having a free spectral range that equals the difference between frequencies of two measured absorption lines of different gas species in the gas, or of two different isotopes, divided onto an integer number. The system includes a continuous-wave tunable laser optically coupled with the resonant optical cavity and a detector system for measuring an absorption of laser light by the gas in the cavity. The detector system includes a photo-detector to measure an intensity of the intra-cavity light, or both a photo-acoustic sensor to measure photo-acoustic waves generated in the cavity and a photo-detector to measure an intensity of the intra-cavity light.

Abstract: A mounting system for samples and instruments for use with a measuring device such as a surface forces apparatus has a housing and a sample mount assembly positioned within the housing. The sample mount assembly has a pivot arm having a first edge and a flexing section. A spring has a first end coupled to the pivot arm. A first sample holder is coupled to the second end of the spring. A second sample holder is positioned in proximity to the first sample holder.

Abstract: A apparatus for accurately measuring radiation beams during treatment which comprises a dosimeter which is used to measure the radiation; an optical marker which is used to determine the patient position; and said dosimeter and said optical marker are connected to one another used to provide and display simultaneously a radiation dose reading and a measurement of the patient's movements during treatment.

Abstract: An analysis device, having a sample container unit (1) comprising: a sample container (2) for receiving a substantially liquid sample and marking the particles contained in the sample, having a cap (3) for fluid-tight closure of the sample container (2); a measuring cell unit (4), which is in fluidic communication with the sample container (2) via an outlet (43), which measuring cell unit has a liquid-conducting channel (49), at least one wall of which channel is embodied as at least partially transparent; a carrier unit (10), which has means for contactlessly transporting and/or concentrating marked particles contained in the sample fluid; and an optical unit (20) for spectroscopic and/or microscopic detection of the marked particles, having at least one light source (19, 21) for excitation of the marked particles in the sample.

Abstract: An apparatus measuring optical characteristics including position detection is disclosed. A processor is coupled to a display. A first optical sensor makes a first measurement, and a second optical sensor makes a second measurement. A source of illumination and the first optical sensor determine a minimal distance between the apparatus and an external object such that illumination emitted by the source is not received by the first optical sensor when the apparatus is less than the minimal distance from the external object. A position of the apparatus with respect to an object and an optical property of light received by the apparatus are determined. A transparent member with a thickness less than the minimal distance may provide illumination external to the apparatus and receive light from external to the apparatus.

Abstract: Color measuring systems and methods are disclosed. Perimeter receiver fiber optics are spaced apart from a central source fiber optic and receive light reflected from the surface of the object being measured. Light from the perimeter fiber optics pass to a variety of filters. The system utilizes the perimeter receiver fiber optics to determine information regarding the height and angle of the probe with respect to the object being measured. Under processor control, the color measurement may be made at a predetermined height and angle. Various color spectral photometer arrangements are disclosed. Translucency, fluorescence and/or surface texture data also may be obtained. Audio feedback may be provided to guide operator use of the system. The probe may have a removable or shielded tip for contamination prevention.

Abstract: A system for verification of dispensed pharmaceuticals includes: a housing; a bar code scanning station mounted on the housing; a vision station mounted on the housing; a spectroscopy station mounted on the housing; an offloading station mounted on the housing; one or more conveyors mounted on the housing to convey pharmaceutical vials between the bar code scanning, vision, spectroscopy and offloading stations, and a controller associated with the bar code scanning, vision, spectroscopy and offloading stations and the conveyors to control their operations. A system of this configuration can use both vision and spectroscopy to verify the identity of the pharmaceutical in the container.

Abstract: A system for evaluating the quality and/or vigor of plants is described. Plants are planted in row sections and a cart is used to pass a radiometric sensor over the row sections. The cart has a radiometric sensor assembly positioned above the row section. Each sensor assembly generates a data signal and a computer receives and stores the data signals. The field cart is positioned above the row sections and measures the existence of plants in the row section and the quantity of vegetation in the row section.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical coherence microscopy system for fast, phase resolved imaging by means of optical coherence microscopy with decoupled illumination and detection apertures, producing a dark-field effect with an enhanced optical contrast. The setup uses a light source with an appropriate temporal coherence, an interferometer and an array detector combined with a spectrometer. The dark-field effect is produced by optical filter means in the illumination and detection paths, positioned in conjugated planes of the sample microscope objective. These optical means comprise for example refractive or diffractive elements, amplitude or phase masks, or programmable spatial light modulators. The object is scanned via a scanning unit allowing a point scan of the object.

Abstract: The variable spectroscopic element includes a pair of optical substrates 21-22, four sensors 31-34, four piezoelectric elements 41-44, and a control section. The sensors 31, 33 are arranged to form symmetry with respect to the center axis, which links gravity centers of mutually facing surfaces of the optical substrates 21-22, and so are the sensors 32, 34. The control section calculates, from signals of the sensors 3134, a distance x between the gravity centers of the mutually facing surfaces, and angles ?, ? each of which is formed by a plane perpendicular to the center axis and the facing surface of the movable substrate 22, to drive the piezoelectric elements 41-44 on the basis of the distance x, the angles ?, ?, and to carry out feedback control and feed forward control with respect to at least one of the distance x, the angle ?, and the angle ?.

Abstract: Multiple functional systems are integrated to configure a portable handheld decision-aid device for first responder medics. Fuzzy membership functions of “life” and “death” are used to determine the status of fallen people using remote measurements. EO/IR cameras can be used to detect and identify casualties in a mass injury situation, while also estimating body temperature. Using the temperature, along with the remote estimation of a second vital sign, the life membership proportion can be estimated from the ground truth by using a 2D projection of stable vital signs. The other fuzzy membership function, death, can be estimated by the presence or absence of peri-mortem and post-mortem molecules. These molecules are only released after death and provide a certain indication of death. Solid state UV laser resonance Raman backscattering from these molecules allows the device to analyze the molecules present in a plume around the casualty.

Abstract: A method for the contactless determination of the thickness of a web of material, for example, a web of fibrous material, with a sensor array including at least two measurement plates includes guiding the web between the at least two measurement plates. An air cushion is generated between each measurement plate and the web so as to keep the measurement plates at a distance from the web. A sensor array is used which includes at least one magnetic sensor as well as optical distance measuring devices, wherein the distance between the measurement plates arranged on opposite sides of the web is magnetically determined, while the distance between a measurement plate and the web is determined using optical distance measuring devices which are located on the measurement plates arranged on opposite sides of the web.

Abstract: Flow cytometry concepts are modified to enable dynamic characterizations of particles to be obtained using optical scattering data. Particles in flow will be introduced into a sample volume. Light scattered by a particle in the sample volume is collected and analyzed. What differentiates the concepts disclosed herein from conventional flow cytometry is the use of an acoustic source that is disposed to direct acoustic energy into the sample volume. As the particle passes through the sample volume, it responds to the acoustic energy, causing changes in the light scattered by the particle. Those changes, which arc not measured during conventional flow cytometry, can be analyzed to determine additional physical properties of the particle.

Abstract: Methods for quantifying fluorescence and optical properties in a turbid medium such as tissue. Devices and systems suitable for the methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention refers to a fouling detection setup (I) and method for determining the amount of fouling (5) of surfaces (3) of fluid (6) treating devices (2) and/or internal functional components (4) of such devices, which are exposed to said fluid and are subjected to fouling. Fouling detection setups and methods are useful for monitoring the amount of fouling of surfaces, e.g. heat-transfer surfaces and also for monitoring the cleaning procedure of such fluid treating devices and/or internal functional components of such devices. According to the invention the detection setup (I) comprises at least one first sensor (7), with means (9) for measuring the optical transparency T and/or electrical conductive conductivity Q of said fluid (6). The Sensor includes at least one sensitive area (8) that is located nearby and/or within said surfaces (3) and wherein said area is at least temporarily exposed to said fluid (6).

Abstract: A measuring device for quantitative determination of optical characteristic values for detecting photo- and/or electrochemical decomposition reactions taking place on surfaces of photocatalytically active substrates.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and arrangement for determining structures and/or geometry of a workpiece in a coordinate measuring machine by means of a tactile-optical measuring method, wherein the position of a shaped probe element is determined in at least one direction by means of a first sensor using an optically lateral measuring method, and the position of the shaped probe element is determined in at least one second direction using at least one distance sensor. In order to allow the error-free detection of the shaped probe element using the sensors, the invention proposes that at least one flexible connector element is used in a mounting for fastening the shaped probe element, permeated by the beam path of the first sensor in the beam direction, wherein the connecting element is transparent and/or is disposed severely out of focus with respect to the first sensor.

Abstract: A method of concentrating directional radiant energy using reflective optics and receivers that convert that energy wherein the receivers are situated in the body of the reflector on risers parallel to the direction of radiant energy, each said riser bounded by at least one parabolic mirror lying closer and another lying farther from the energy source, where the focus or foci of said mirrors lie substantially in the direction faced by the receiver situated in said riser. The reflector geometries include ones in which the mirrors are parabolic cylinder sections and require only one-axis tracking to focus, and ones in which the mirrors are paraboloid sections and require two-axis tracking to focus sunlight.

Abstract: A system and method for providing an optical coherence photoacoustic (OC-PAM) microscopy. An OC-PAM microscope includes a light source that outputs light, a scanner, a detector, a transducer, and an image processing module. The scanner receives the light and scans the light across a sample. The detector receives reflected light from the sample in response to the scanned light. The transducer detects photoacoustic waves induced in the sample by the scanned light. The image processing module receives output from the detector and the transducer and generates a photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) image and an optical coherence tomography (OCT) image based on the received output from the detector and the transducer. The PAM and OCT image data may be fused to form a single, OC-PAM image. Additionally, a series of PAM images and OCT images, respectively, may be combined to generate three-dimensional PAM and OCT images, respectively.

Abstract: A cell/particle analyzing device includes a light-emitting unit, a light-diverting unit, a first receiving unit and a second receiving unit. The light-emitting unit generates a first light beam. The light-diverting unit is connected to the light-emitting unit and has an input end, a bidirectional transceiving end and an output end. The input end receives the first light beam generated by the light-emitting unit. The bidirectional transceiving end transmits the first light beam generated by the light-emitting unit and receives a second light beam. The output end outputs the second light beam. The first receiving unit is connected to the output end of the light-diverting unit and receives the second light beam. The second receiving unit is aligned with the bidirectional transceiving end.

Abstract: A defect inspection apparatus comprises a table on which a substrate is placed, a first detection unit which is disposed above the table to detect an optical signal from the substrate, a second detection unit which is disposed above the table to detect an electrical signal from the substrate, and a signal processing unit which is connected to the first detection unit and the second detection unit to detect a chemical defect using the optical signal and the electrical signal.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus and a method for imaging surface area of a sample having a surface topography with the aid of confocal microscopy, such as confocal Raman and/or fluorescence microscopy. The apparatus comprises a surface topography sensor that provides values for the surface topography. The surface topography values allow for the surface to be maintained in the confocal plane during scanning.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for detecting pathogens and particles in a fluid in which particle size and intrinsic fluorescence of a simple particle is determined.

Abstract: The present invention provides a detection apparatus which detects an object to be detected, the apparatus including an illumination system configured to illuminate the object with light containing a first wavelength range and a second wavelength range different from the first wavelength range, a detector configured to detect light from the object illuminated by the illumination system, and an optical member configured to set a transmittance for light in the first wavelength range and a transmittance for light in the second wavelength range to be different from each other, thereby reducing a difference between an intensity value of the light which has the first wavelength range and is detected by the detector and an intensity value of the light which has the second wavelength range and is detected by the detector.

Abstract: An apparatus for optically analyzing a sample may include an imaging subsystem that images the sample, one or more analyzing subsystems that analyze the sample, a temperature control subsystem that controls a temperature of the atmosphere within the apparatus, a gas control subsystem that controls a composition of the atmosphere within the apparatus, and a control module that controls the various subsystems of the apparatus.

Abstract: A method and system for the imaging and localization of fluorescent markers such as fluorescent proteins or quantum dots within biological samples is disclosed. The use of recombinant genetics technology to insert “reporter” genes into many species is well established. In particular, green fluorescent proteins (GFPs) and their genetically-modified variants ranging from blue to yellow, are easily spliced into many genomes at the sites of genes of interest (GoIs), where the GFPs are expressed with no apparent effect on the functioning of the proteins of interest (PoIs) coded for by the GoIs. One goal of biologists is more precise localization of PoIs within cells. The invention is a method and system for enabling more rapid and precise PoI localization using charged particle beam-induced damage to GFPs. Multiple embodiments of systems for implementing the method are presented, along with an image processing method relatively immune to high statistical noise levels.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for determining the position and orientation of a movable object. The latter exhibits at least two relative sensors (24) on the object, which register a change in the position and/or orientation of the object, and at least two absolute sensors (26) on the object, each for determining the absolute position in an X direction and Y direction in relation to a substrate (20). The invention further relates to a method for determining the position and orientation.

Abstract: A method for performing time resolved imaging, spectroscopy or diffraction techniques involving a sample held in an analytical device. The method generally includes supporting a sample within an analytical device with a sample holder, conveying a light beam through an internal conduit of a sample holder body of the sample holder and directing the light beam between the sample holder body and the sample with a first light beam positioner of a sample support member of the sample holder, such that the light beam and an energy pulse emitted by an energy source of the analytical device converge on the sample supported by the sample holder within the analytical device.

Abstract: In various embodiments, a probe includes at least one shank, optical components disposed within the shank for transmitting light into a sample and collecting light from the sample, and electrical components disposed within the shank for recording an electrical signal from the sample. In certain embodiments, a method includes collecting light from the sample using a first shank of the probe, recording an electrical signal from the sample using a second shank of the probe, and analyzing the collected light and the electrical signal.

Abstract: The invention relates to a probe for detecting luminescent and/or light-scattering particles in flowing liquids, having a measurement cell containing a pipeline channel through which the liquid to be measured flows, at least one transparent window in a wall of the pipeline, at least one light source for producing a dimensioned excitation light beam, which excites, through the window, the luminescent and/or the light-scattering particles in the pipeline channel in an optically limited light volume, at least one detector, which records, through the window or through a further window, light emitted by the luminescent and/or the light-scattering particles, wherein the measurement cell is configured such that the dimensioned excitation light beam and the emitted light are orientated such that they are perpendicular to each other and each particle moves rectilinearly within the measurement volume parallel to the liquid stream at a fixed angle to the excitation light.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a fluorescence measuring apparatus capable of more accurately measuring fluorescence emitted when an object to be measured is irradiated with laser light. The apparatus for measuring fluorescence emitted when an object to be measured is irradiated with laser light includes: a laser light source that irradiates the object to be measured with laser light; a first light-receiving unit that receives scattered light emitted when the object to be measured is irradiated with the laser light; a second light-receiving unit that receives fluorescence emitted when the object to be measured is irradiated with the laser light; and a signal processing unit that assigns a weight to a signal of the fluorescence received by the second light-receiving unit depending on an intensity of the scattered light received by the first light-receiving unit.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for preventing or minimizing contamination on a critical surface is disclosed. The method and apparatus for preventing or minimizing contamination on the critical surface may be an integrated component of an inspection system, and the cleaning process may be applied prior to the inspection process (may be referred to as pre-cleaning) which may greatly reduce photon-induced contamination. In addition, the cleaning process in accordance with the present disclosure may also be applied upon completion of the inspection process (may be referred to as post-cleaning).

Abstract: Gas analyzer systems and methods for measuring concentrations of gasses and in particular dry mole fraction of components of a gas. The systems and method allow for rapid measurement of the gas density and/or dry mole fraction of gases for a number of environmental monitoring applications, including high speed flux measurements. A novel coupling design allows for tool-free removal of a cell enclosing a flow path to enable in field cleaning of optical components.

Abstract: The present subject matter relates to an apparatus and related method of high-speed analysis of product samples during production of the product. Light is directed to a portion of a product under analysis and reflected from or transmitted through the product toward optical detectors. Signals from the optical detectors are compared to determine characteristics of the product under analysis. Temperature within the monitoring system may be monitored in order to provide compensation for the signals produced by the optical detectors. The products under analysis may be stationary, moved by an inspection point by conveyor or other means, or may be contained within a container, the container including a window portion through which the product illuminating light may pass.

Abstract: A method of mapping concentrations of airborne matter from an emission source of interest in an emission plume is provided. The method involves measuring airborne matter at one or more than one identified locations using an optical sensing instrument (OSI) operatively connected with one or more than one matter samplers and mounted on a vehicle. The one or more than one airborne matter samplers are passed through an airspace to be sampled, and one or more concentration measurements are obtained. Geographic positions and altitude values for each of the one or more identified locations are established, and a point concentration measurement for the airborne matter for each identified location determined. The concentration measurements are mapped relative to the geographic position and altitude values for each of the one or more identified locations to obtain an airborne matter concentration distribution map in one or more measurement surfaces through a cross-section or profile of the emission plume.

Abstract: A multipurpose transducer for an appliance using water, like a washing machine, a dishwasher or a hot-water tank converts physical parameters like water temperature, cleanness and pressure in said appliance into electric signals. It is provided with a temperature transducer (TT), a turbidity transducer (TurbT) and a pressure transducer (PT), all of them being fixed on an electrically insulating mounting support (MS). The pressure transducer (PT) is made as an uncompensated strain gauge in a thick film technology. The temperature transducer (TT) made as a termistor is also manufactured in the thick film technology. The multipurpose transducer (MPT) of the invention requires less work steps to be manufactured, mounted and connected in the appliance of said type than earlier transducers.