Abstract: A system for controlling the uniformity of combustion over a range of operating conditions in a combustor with a plurality of fuel nozzles. The system includes a number of optical sensors, each sensor comprising an optical probe that collects naturally occurring optical radiation emanating from a segment of the combustor or combustor exhaust, and at least one transducer that receives the radiation collected by the probes, compares the intensity of collected radiation from each sensor in a plurality of spectral pass-bands that are indicative of the fuel/air ratio in the combustor segments, and produces output signals that are indicative of the state of combustion in the combustor segments. A control system receives the output signals from the transducers and in response controls the fuel flow to the fuel nozzles to achieve an output from each of the sensors that has been determined to be indicative of a predetermined state of combustion.

Abstract: A biological observation apparatus comprises a color image signal creating section that performs signal processing on either a first image pickup signal for which a subject to be examined illuminated by white illumination light is picked up by a color filter having a transmitting characteristic of a plurality of broadband wavelengths or a second image pickup signal for which a subject to be examined is picked up under illumination of frame sequential illumination lights which cover a visible range, and creates a color image signal. The biological observation apparatus comprises a spectral image signal creating section that creates a spectral image signal corresponding to a narrowband image signal through signal processing on a color image signal based on the first or second image pickup signal.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for performing biometric determinations using optical spectroscopy of tissue. The biometric determinations that are disclosed include determination or verifications of identity, estimation of age, estimation of sex, determination of sample liveness and sample authenticity. The apparatuses disclosed are based upon discrete light sources such as light emitting diodes, laser diodes, vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, and broadband sources with multiple narrow-band optical filters. The multiple light sources are encoded in a manner that the tissue response for each source can be efficiently measured. The light sources are spaced at multiple distances from a detector to contribute differing information to the biometric determination task as do light sources with different wavelength characteristics.

Abstract: Estimating the spectral distribution of an object requires not only the time of image sensing by a multi-spectrum camera but also, in order to process all band information acquired, large amounts of memories for storing all the band information of all pixels, and the processing time for processing all the band information. In this invention, when the spectral distribution data of a total wavelength region is to be estimated from color data and a plurality of spectral distribution data different in wavelength region, the color data is acquired, and, on the basis of the configuration of spectral distribution data defined in accordance with the acquired color data, spectral distribution data necessary for the estimation is acquired. In this way, the spectral distribution data of the total wavelength region is estimated.

Abstract: A molecular similarity evaluation method has steps of: (a) obtaining an upper threshold and a lower threshold from one of a value specific to an atom included in a first molecule, a value specific to an atom included in a second molecule of which correlation with respect to the atom in the first molecule is to be evaluated, or another value obtained from these values; (b) calculating the correlation between the atom in the first molecule and the atom in the second molecule, using the upper and lower thresholds; and (c) evaluating the similarity between the first and second molecules based on the correlation obtained in the step (b).

Abstract: An automated method for modeling spectral data is provided, wherein the spectral data generated by one of diffuse reflectance, clear transmission, or diffuse transmission. The method includes accessing a set of spectral data, the set of spectral data including, corresponding spectral data for each of a plurality of samples, the spectral data for each of the plurality of samples having associated therewith at least one constituent value, the at least one constituent value being a reference value for a target substance in the sample which is measured by a independent measurement technique. A plurality of data transforms are applied to the set of spectral data to generate, for each sample, a set of transformed and untransformed spectral data.