Abstract: An improved method and apparatus for characterizing a full color gamut of a digital photosensitive color proofing system having at least two separately controllable process parameters uses a one page color standard for calibrating the full color gamut. The one page color standard includes a plurality of color density test areas on the page, with each color density test area having a test patch for each colorant printed at a selected color density that is within a range of color densities, and a plurality of tone rendition test areas on the same page. There is one tone rendition area for each of the color density test areas, and each tone rendition test area has a plurality of test tints for each colorant as a primary color and a plurality of test patches for a set of secondary colors composed from combinations of the primary colors.

Abstract: In an image forming machine, density data of small pixels in an objective pixel determined according to density of pixels adjoining the objective pixels, the objective pixel determines a recording position for each color based on density distribution of the adjoining pixels when the recording position of each color is modulated in the primary scanning direction and secondary scanning direction based on density distribution of both the objective pixel and the adjoining pixels. Further, there are provided an image discriminator for image judgment on the objective pixel and a modulator for modulating a recording position using a reference wave with a long cycle when an image is judged to be a halftone image area under a reference wave with a short cycle when an image is judged to be a character image area.

Abstract: An integrated input-output device for a data communication terminal equipment including a plurality of photoelectric converting circuits respectively arranged in n aligned blocks each including m aligned photoelectric converting elements, a plurality of first switching circuits respectively arranged in n aligned blocks each including m aligned thin film transistors respectively connected to the photoelectric converting elements of each corresponding one of the photoelectric converting circuits, a plurality of recording circuits respectively arranged in n aligned blocks each including m aligned recording elements, a plurality of second switching circuits respectively arranged in n aligned blocks each including m aligned thin film transistors respectively connected to the recording elements of each corresponding one of the recording circuits, n gate address lines respectively connected in common to gate electrodes of all thin film transistors of the same block-numbered first and second switching circuits, and m

Abstract: In a method of forming an image in a form of pixels, the density distribution around a target pixel is obtained by processing image signals of pixels neighboring the target pixel. The target pixel is sub-divided into a plurality of sub-pixels which form of matrix of n rows.times.m columns. The sub density distribution of the sub-pixels in the target pixel is assumed from the density distribution of the neighboring pixels. The density of each of sub-pixels is determined by multiplying the density of the target pixel, by a constant P and a density ratio of the corresponding sub-pixels in the sub density distribution.

Abstract: An image forming method and apparatus in which digital image data is stored in a memory and read out of the memory to form images on copy sheets in a first image orientation or in a second image orientation rotated through 180.degree. with respect to the first image orientation, first image data relating to images to be formed in the first orientation being stored in the memory in ascending address sequence, starting from the first free memory address, and second image data relating to images to be formed in the second orientation being stored in the memory in descending address sequence, starting from the last free memory address, while reading out from the memory is effected in ascending address sequence for both the first and the second image data.

Abstract: An image recording apparatus which includes reading means for reading an original image and for outputting an image signal corresponding to the original image, storage means for storing the image signal output from the reading means, and image forming means for forming an image on a recording medium based on one of the image signal output from the reading means and the image signal stored in the storage means. A transfer medium holding member holds a first transfer medium and a second transfer medium to transfer images formed on the recording medium onto the first transfer medium and the second transfer medium.

Abstract: A facsimile machine includes a first part for emitting a scanning light beam which is used to record information, a second part for rotating a polygon mirror which reflects the scanning light beam, a third part for receiving information from a source and for detecting a communication system Group III (G3) or Group IV (G4) employed to transmit the information from the source, and a fourth part for controlling a rotational speed of the polygon mirror via the second part depending on the communication system detected by the third part.

Abstract: Image forming apparatus and method for forming half tone images by pulse width modulating multi-valued image signals comprises first and second pattern signal generators which generate pattern signals each having the same period and a phase shifted from each other, first and second pulse width modulators for pulse width modulating said image signals using the first and second pattern signals, respectively, a selector for selecting either of the first and second pulse width modulated signals and a controller for controlling the selector to obtain a screen angle of 45.degree..Further, image forming apparatus and method which realizes a screen angle .theta. wherein tan .theta. is represented by a rational number.

Abstract: In an apparatus for forming an electrostatic latent image in a form of dot for each pixel on a photoreceptor, each pixel has plural color component signals and a dot is formed for each of color component signals in the same imaging unit area. A signal processing circuit processes specific color component signals of pixels neighboring a target pixel to obtain a density distribution around the target pixel, and determines a recording position of the dot in the recording unit area for each of the plural color component signals on the basis of the density distribution.

Abstract: A controls system architecture for an image output terminal (IOT) has a hierarchical structure which isolates subsystem controls for purposes of efficient algorithm design, analysis and implementation. The architecture is preferably divided into three levels and has a controls supervisor which provides subsystem isolation functions and reliability assurance functions. The architecture improves image quality of IOT outputs by controlling the operation of the IOT to ensure that a toner reproduction curve of an output image matches a tone reproduction curve of an input image, despite several uncontrollable variables which change the tone reproduction curve of the output image.

Abstract: A color image processing apparatus for sequentially inputting image data which corresponds to each of a plurality of color components in units of pixels of a predetermined quantity, delaying, with respect to a reference phase, at least the first color component or the last color component and sequentially forming image in the units of pixels of a predetermined quantity in accordance with the delay.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus has a producing device for producing density information from an original image signal, an image forming device for effecting image formation, and a controlling device for controlling an image formation condition based on the density information of the producing device and the image formation density of the image forming device. The density information is obtained as a frequency distribution of output level of the producing device.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus suitable for use in a laser beam printer includes an image forming unit for forming an image on a photoconductor, and a reproduction unit for reproducing a high density image and a halftone image on the photoconductor. A detector then detects the density of the high density image and the halftone image formed on the photoconductor. A controller controls an image forming condition of the image forming unit based on a detection result by the detector.

Abstract: In a laser beam printer, automatic optical quantity (APC) control is performed based on an optical quantity detection output to generate a laser beam having a predetermined quantity of light. In each scanning cycle, APC is effected by utilizing a period (unblanking period) in which the laser device is forcibly actuated to generate a horizontal synchronization signal. The unblanking period may be changed according to the print paper size or image formation/non-image-formation periods. Also, light quantity control may be effected through a plurality of scanning cycles before image formation and may be effected by utilizing the unblanking period during the period corresponding to the intervals of print sheets. Techniques also provided to prevent a transfer unit from being contaminated by toner images formed as a byproduct of APC.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes an electroconductive substrate, a photosensitive layer disposed on the electroconductive substrate, and a protective layer disposed on the photosensitive layer, the protective layer containing a resin formed by polymerization of compounds each having two or more ion polymerizable functional groups, and electroconductive particles.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus comprises a data receiver for receiving encoded character or graphic information in the unit of a page from the outside; a pixel converter for converting the encoded character or graphic information into pixel information; an image forming device for forming an image on a recording medium based on the pixel information; and a feeder for feeding the recording medium to said image forming device. In the apparatus, the feeder is adapted to feed the recording medium to a predetermined position prior to the completion of pixel conversion of a page by the pixel converter.

Abstract: A method for correcting image exposure and positional errors, arising from the components and geometry of a scanning system, wherein compensating electronic signals are generated to modulate the image data in order to correct said errors.

Abstract: In a digital imaging system including an array of imaging devices that image a substrate in a lateral series of adjacent longitudinal swaths, methods and apparatus for correcting device offset and hiding between regions imaged by adjacent devices. Along the direction of imaging (i.e., the dimension along which the imaging device(s) and the substrate move relative to one another during an imaging pass), adjustments take the form of compensating increases or decreases to the normal intervals between discharges to adjacent image points. Transverse to the direction of imaging, the invention compensates for imprecise device orientation and "seam" artifacts by, first, commencing imaging with the device having the greatest offset from proper orientation, and second, as a fine adjustment, repeating at least one imaging swath to produce intentional transverse overlap between adjacent swaths.

Abstract: A facsimile apparatus has a lower structure and an upper structure which is swingable between a raised open position an a lowered closed position about a pivot located at a lower part of the rear end portion of the apparatus. A thermal print head is fixed to the front end portion of the upper structure. A recording medium conveyor roller is fixed to the front end portion of the lower structure. A linear image sensor and an original sheet conveyor roller are fixed to a central portion of the lower structure. The recording medium is placed on the lower structure at a position between the thermal print head and the linear image sensor.

Abstract: A copying machine for forming an image by scanning a laser beam which is emitted from an optical system on a photosensitive member. Photosensors are provided at optically equivalent positions to a beginning portion and an end portion of a scanning line on a photosensitive member. A scanning time of a laser beam in the main scanning direction is measured by these photosensors. The measured time and a standard time for a copy magnification set by an operator are compared, and a correction value is calculated, and at the same time, magnification in the main scanning direction is corrected using the correcting value. Also, focusing (adjusting of the beam diameter) is carried out using the photosensors. Each of the photosensors contains a photoelectric transfer element, and a beam which comes through a slit is incident to the element. Each photosensor is provided with two slits. One is perpendicular to the main scanning direction, and the other is inclined to the main scanning direction.

Abstract: An optical exposure system for a color video printer, comprising a microprocessor for controlling optical exposure for R, G and B video signals, a memory device for storing the R, G and B video signals by the frame, a drive control device for inputting R, G and B video data from the memory device and outputting signal voltages and gate voltages of fixed levels as drive control signals for optical exposure of a photosensitive medium, and a LCD panel for performing the optical exposure of the photosensitive medium in response to the drive control signals from the drive control device. The gradation number of exposure amount is determined by fixing levels of the signal voltages to fix transmitivities of R, G and B liquid crystal elements and determining the number of exposure times by R, G and B pixels to be proportioned respectively to the R, G and B data values.

Abstract: An electrophotographic color image forming machine registers which a second color toner image on a first color toner image which has been previously formed on an image carrier to form a color image. The registered images are then transferred onto a recording sheet. The machine includes control apparatus that includes first and second exposure control modulators which respectively control an exposure amount of at least one of the first color toner images and the second color toner image. A smoothing processor controls at least one of a size and a position of at least one of the first and second color toner dot images within each of a plurality of pixels and a discriminator determines whether one of the size and the position of the dot image should be controlled.

Abstract: In an apparatus for forming an electrostatic latent image in a form of dot for each pixel on a photoreceptor, each pixel has plural color component signals and a dot is formed for each of color component signals in the same imaging unit area. A signal processing circuit processes specific color component signals of pixels neighboring a target pixel to obtain a density distribution around the target pixel, and determines a recording position of the dot in the recording unit area for each of the plural color component signals on the basis of the density distribution.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member, has an electroconductive support, an interlayer, and a photosensitive layer provided in the order named. The interlayer contains a polyamide having a structural unit represented by the formula (I) below: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, R.sub.2 is a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group, and n is an integer of one or more.

Abstract: In case of a color original where both graphics and text are present, tone processing is executed by combining a multi-value dither matrix control using a 2.times.2 dot dispersion threshold matrix where 64 non-consecutive threshold values are assigned to each dot of the 2.times.2 matrix. Dots are darkened accordingly if an input value is equal to or greater than a threshold value for a particular quadrant of the 2.times.2 matrix.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member is disclosed which has a photosensitive layer on a conductive support. The photosensitive layer contains an azo pigment of Formula (1):Ar--(--N.dbd.N--Cp).sub.n.Also, disclosed are an electrophotographic apparatus, a device unit, and a facsimile machine using the electrophotographic photosensitive member.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus comprises includes a feeder means and recorder. The feeder feeds a sheet of recording paper to a predetermined position in response to a spare paper feed signal instructing the feeding of the sheet of recording paper to the predetermined position preliminarily, and then feeds the sheet of recording paper being stopped at the predetermined position again in response to a record request signal. The recorder records an image on the sheet of recording paper fed by the feeder means through an electrophotographic process. The recorder means starts preparation to execute the electrophotographic process upon receiving the spare paper feed signal. As a result, throughput is increased without causing other problems.

Abstract: In an image forming apparatus having a pre-paper-feed function to previously convey a paper to a predetermined position before a print request, after a device for generating a pre-paper-feed requests has generated the pre-paper-feed request, the pre-paper-feed request can be made invalid.

Abstract: A video clock is supplied from the sync circuit of a controller. In response to this video clock, an external unit controller outputs image data supplied from a host unit. A delay amount between the video clock and the image data is determined by a phase correcting section, and the phase correcting section generates a corrected image area signal based on the delay amount. The delay amount of the video clock is corrected on the basis f the corrected image area signal. A printer engine forms an image on an image bearing member on a basis of the image data provided in response with the corrected video clock. In this manner, the video clock can be synchronized with the externally supplied image data with a simple arrangement without changing the video clock output to the external unit controller and adding a signal delay circuit.

Abstract: A multivalued input recording signal is to pulse-width modulation at a time unit shorter the period of a clock signal within the period of the recording signal. Alternatively, the multivalued input recording signal is converted into a plurality of different signals each of whose length of time is shorter than a clock signal within the period of the recording signal, thereby performing pulse-width modulation in accordance with a predetermined weighting. This makes it possible to obtain a highly toned recording signal without raising the frequency of the clock signal. Further, density tone data is generated in dependence upon inputted multivalued pixel data, control is performed using both the irradiation time and emission intensity of a light beam based on the generated density tone data. An image is formed by irradiating a photosensitive body with the controlled light beam.

Abstract: An elastic member for electrophotography including an electroconductive substrate, and a semiconducting elastic layer bonded to the electroconductive substrate by the medium of a rubber-type electroconductive adhesive layer.

Abstract: A procedure is provided for adjusting for image line skew caused by tolerance accumulation between a Raster Output Scanning (ROS) assembly and a photoreceptor which is being scanned. The ROS housing is adjustably mounted in relation to the photoreceptor, so that incremental adjustments can be made to cause the output scan lines emerging from the ROS housing to be moved in the process or reverse process direction vis-a-vis the photoreceptor. A test print is generated which provides measurable scan delineators to identify the amount of scan line skew created by a photoreceptor misalignment. The measured scan line skew alignment is correlated with adjustments made by a hex head screw to provide a very precise alignment. The effective adjustment range is .+-.4 mm in the process direction which corresponds to .+-.6.3 milliradians of scan line skew.

Abstract: An electrophotographic apapratus of the type in which a photosensitive member is charged by atmospheric discharge, is equipped with an air filter including a substrate and a catalyst layer formed on the substrate including at least three components of CuO, MnO.sub.2 and a water-soluble polymer. The catalyst layer shows a reactivity with NOx and the water-soluble polymer traps the resultant HNO.sub.3 while retaining a high ozone removing efficiency, whereby the apparatus can show excellent electrophotographic performances even after successive use while preventing deterioration due to ozone, NOx and HNO.sub.3 produced by the atmospheric discharge.

Abstract: An image recording apparatus for selectively performing a document reading mode and an image printing mode, which includes a scanner unit for reading an image from a document sheet, an image forming part for forming a latent image on a photosensitive medium with a light beam, a transfer part for transferring the latent image of the photosensitive medium to a copy sheet as a visible image, a fixing part for producing an image recorded on the copy sheet by fixing the visible image to the copy sheet, a first transporting part for transporting a sheet to a registration roller through a common sheet transport path, the common sheet transport path usable for transporting either a document sheet passed through the scanner unit or a copy sheet fed by a paper feeding cassette, and a second transporting part for transporting a sheet from the registration roller to a paper ejection part through a second sheet transport path.

Abstract: An image-bearing member suitable for carrying an electrostatic image and/or a toner image is formed by forming a surface layer on a substrate or a photosensitive layer. The surface layer comprises a polymerized and cured product of a photoionically polymerizable compound having two or more functional groups, and shows excellent mechanical and electrical resistance as well as excellent charge-retaining characteristic. As a result, the surface layer provides an image-bearing surface suitable for electrophotography. The surface layer may be a protective layer or a photoconductive layer when it constitutes a photosensitive member.

Abstract: There is disclosed an apparatus comprising: an input circuit for inputting at least one of the coded character information, coded figure information, and bit image information; a memory to store an image; an image developing circuit for developing the information input by the input circuit into the image memory with respect to one output color component; and an image forming circuit to form one output color component image in accordance with the value of the image data in the memory, wherein a color image can be formed by repeating the image development and the image formation with respect to a plurality of output color components.

Abstract: A hard copy reproduction is formed of a video image which is an accurate reproduction of the tonal luminance differences and color of the video image. A gray scale and color test image is formed on the video monitor screen and measured using a photometer. The gray scale and color test image is reproduced on hard copy and may be measured using a densitometer. The two sets of measurements are entered into a computer system and used to adjust, on a pixel-by-pixel basis, the electronic controls of the hard color reproduction system to compensate for any deviations from accurate reproduction.

Abstract: The present invention provide a toner for developing an electrostatic image. The toner comprises a binder resin and a coloring agent. The binder resin comprises a styrene type binder resin. The amount of an aldehyde contained in the binder resin is not more than 0.005% by weight based on the weight of the toner. The binder resin is produced by a process comprising the steps of preparing a monomer composition comprising a polymerizable monomer containing at least not less than 50% by weight of a styrene monomer, and a polymerization initiator, and subjecting said monomer composition to suspension polymerization in an aqueous medium having dissolved oxygen in an amount of not more than 2.5 mg/lit to form a styrene polymer or copolymer containing an aldehyde monomer in an amount of not more than 0.01% by weight.

Abstract: An improved facsimile machine having at least one edge emitting thin film electroluminescent line array, each array having a plurality of pixels wherein the pixels are selectively activated. A light beam from each pixel is directed to a known point along a line on a document and reflects to a sensor. The reflected beam corresponds to a grey level at the point of reflection on the document and causes the sensor to generate a signal corresponding to that greyness level. Sufficient pixels are provided to generate sufficient light beams to strike all points along a line across a document.

Abstract: A color image forming apparatus includes an electrophotographic photosensitive member; a device for forming latent images by optical scanner with light information corresponding to colors; plural developing devices for developing in different colors; a detector for an ambient condition; and a device for changing a tone reproducing property of the latent image forming device using one of stored tables in accordance with an output of the detector.

Abstract: In an electrophotographic image forming apparatus, a charger sensitizes the photoconductor at a desired initial potential and the photoconductor is exposed to form an electrostatic latent image, which is developed by a developer to form a toner image. A gradation correction table on the relation of the input image signal to the exposure amount is provided in a memory, and it is amended by adding a common amendment value to the image density signal in the gradation correction table. The common amendment value is determined according to the density of a standard toner image. If a plurality of gradation correction tables are stored in a memory, one of them is selected according to the output voltage of the charger or the bias potential of the developer. The selected gradation correction table is amended according to the surface potential of the photoconductor, the temperature of the photoconductor or the humidity of the photoconductor.

Abstract: A photosensitive member suitable for use in an electrophotographic apparatus is constituted by an electroconductive support, and an intermediate layer and a photosensitive layer disposed in this order on the support. The intermediate layer comprises a reaction product of a polyol compound comprising at least one of a polyol compound [I] represented by Formula (1) shown below and a phosphated polyol compound with a polyisocyanate compound: ##STR1## wherein A denotes ##STR2## B denotes --R.sup.4 --O--, A and B may be connected at random or in blocks with each other, Z denotes an active hydrogen compound residue; R.sup.1 is an alkylene group having 1-9 carbon atoms; R.sup.2 is an alkylene group having 1-10 carbon atoms; R.sup.3 is an alkyl group, alkenyl group, aryl group or aralkyl group having 1-20 carbon atoms; R.sup.4 is an alkylene group having 2-10 carbon atoms; k is a number of 1-12 m is a number of 1-250; n is a number of 0-100; and p is a number of 0-5.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an image bearing member having a surface layer comprising a high-melting point polyester resin, a cured resin and an antioxidant, and an apparatus which uses the same.

Abstract: Image forming apparatus having an image forming unit for forming an image based on image information on a paper, a magnifying/reducing unit for magnifying/reducing the image to be formed by the image forming unit, multiple paper supplying cassettes for storing papers in different size and supplying the paper to the image forming units, a setting unit for setting times of image forming operation, a selector for selecting one of the multiple paper supplying cassettes and a controller which, in a case when papers of a first size, stored in a first paper supplying cassette, are exhausted before a completion of the times of the image forming operation set by the setting unit, for controlling the selecting unit to select a second paper supplying cassette which stores papers of a second size, and for controlling the magnifying/reducing unit to magnify/reduce the image in accordance with a proportion of the first size and the second size, and for controlling the image forming unit to form an image, magnified/reduced

Abstract: The present invention provides an image-holding member which comprises an electroconductive support and a resin layer formed on the support, wherein the surface layer of the image-holding member contains a copolymer having the structure units represented by the formulas [I] and [II]: ##STR1## where A is a linear, branched or cyclic alkylidene group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an aryl-substituted alkylidene group, arylene-dialkylidene group, --O--, --S--, --CO--, --SO--, or --SO.sub.2 --; and R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, and R.sub.4 are respectively hydrogen, halogen, or an alkyl or alkenyl group of 1 to 4 carbons; ##STR2## where R.sub.5 is an alkylene or alkylidene group of 2 to 6 carbons; R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 are respectively an alkyl group of 1 to 3 carbons, a phenyl or substituted phenyl group; and n is an integer of from 1 to 200, and the copolymer containing the structure unit of the formula [II] in an amount of from 0.1 to 50% by weight Of the total weight of the copolymer.

Abstract: An electrophotographic digital copier capable of identifying a particular color existing in a document image. The copier copies both of a bicolor document and a monocolor document in the same period of time. Even when monocolor documents and bicolor documents are to be copied together, the copier executes monocolor copy processing with the former and bicolor copy processing with the latter automatically.

Abstract: In an image forming apparatus with use of electrophotographic process, a plurality of toner images are formed on a photoconductor by changing stepwise a predetermined operating parameter such as light intensity of laser beam or the grid potential of sensitizing charger, and the densities of the toner images are measured. Thus, the value of the operating parameter is determined which corresponds with the smallest non-zero toner density among the measured densities. When an image is formed on the photoconductor, for example the gamma table is corrected according to the determined minimum light intensity.

Abstract: An electrophotographic facsimile apparatus is provided with a main body, a recording mechanism substantially arranged in the main body, for printing received image information onto a recording paper fed through a recording paper path by using electrophotography, and an upper structure is disposed on the main body. The electrophotographic facsimile apparatus further includes an image recording head disposed in the upper structure for reading image information of a document to be transmitted, and an operation unit for inputting operation information. The recording paper path is formed between the main body and the upper structure, and inclines obliquely downward along a direction in which the recording paper is fed. The upper structure has an inclined upper surface parallel with the recording paper path. The operation unit is disposed on the inclined upper surface of the upper structure.

Abstract: The present invention provides an excellent image-holding member, comprising an electroconductive support, a resin layer formed on the support, and an interlayer provided between the support and the resin layer, said interlayer containing a reaction product of an acetal resin and an organometallic complex compound.

Abstract: A toner sensor measures the amount of toner attached onto a photosensitive drum upon development by a developing unit. A controller compares the measured toner attaching amount with a predetermined reference value, and executes processing for changing at least one of image forming conditions, for example, the charging amount by a charger, the developing bias voltage of the developing unit, the exposure amount of an optical system, and the toner density of the developing unit, on the basis of the comparison result.