Abstract: A method and apparatus for the multi-dimensional control of a light source's brightest point over a targeted area is disclosed. Control and drive electronics are presented to the beam-steering device causing the beam-steering component to steer the spot of light toward a targeted area in at least a two-dimensional scanning pattern about a vertical and horizontal axis. The result is an illuminated pattern displayed on a targeted area that appears to be a solid, uniformly illuminated light pattern, having the intensity of a spot beam and the area of a broad beam.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an image display apparatus, including: a light source; and a scanning section adapted to scan a light beam emitted from the light source; the scanning section including (a) a first mirror, (b) a first light deflection section, (c) a second mirror, and (d) a second light deflection section; the second light deflection section including an external light receiving face; the second light deflection section having a plurality of translucent films provided in the inside thereof; the translucent films having a light reflectivity R2 at a wavelength of the light beam which satisfies: R2?k×{(P2/t2)×tan(?2)}1/2 where k is a constant higher 0 but lower than 1, P2 an array pitch of the translucent films, t2 a thickness of the second light deflection section, and ?2 an angle formed between the light emitting face and the translucent films.

Abstract: An optical scanning device includes an oscillating mirror portion having a reflection surface, and a frame portion holding the oscillating mirror portion. The optical scanning device reflects an incident optical flux by the reflection surface so as to convert the incident optical flux into a scanned optical flux. The optical scanning device further includes a reflection portion having a first reflection surface and a second reflection surface which are arranged in substantially V-shaped inclined surfaces. The first reflection surface reflects the incident optical flux and radiates the reflected light toward the oscillating mirror portion. The second reflection surface receives the reflected light from the oscillating mirror portion and radiates the reflected light as the scanned optical flux.

Abstract: An optical scanning apparatus includes a housing, light source, deflector, imaging lens, reflective mirrors, a synchronization detector and synchronization detection mirror. The housing has a plate to partition the housing. The deflector deflects a light beam emitted from the light source. The imaging lens converts the deflected light beam into a constant speed scanning light beam. The reflective mirrors reflect the constant speed scanning light beam to a photoreceptor. The synchronization detector detects timing for starting scanning of the photoreceptor. The synchronization detection mirror reflects the light beam to the synchronization detector. At least one of the reflective mirrors is disposed midway in a synchronization detection light path extending from the deflector to the synchronization detection mirror. The light beam reflected by the synchronization detection mirror is reflected again by at least one of the reflective mirrors, such that the light beam is guided to the synchronization detector.

Abstract: Scanning beam systems, apparatus and techniques in optical post-objective designs with two beam scanners for display and other applications.

Abstract: For dynamically shifting a light beam (7) with regard to an optic focussing the light beam to scan an object in a two-dimensional scanning range with the focussed light beam, at least two beam deflectors (26) are connected in series per each direction in which the light beam is to be deflected with regard to the optical axis of the focussing optic. The two beam deflectors deflect the light beam by two deflection angles (31, 32 and 33, 34, respectively) which are dynamically variable independently on each other. The deflection angles (31 to 34) of all beam deflectors (26) are predetermined for each point of the scanning range (35) in such a way that the light beam (7), in scanning the whole two-dimensional scanning range, always runs through the pupil of the optic (4) at essentially the same point.

Abstract: A laser treatment apparatus is provided which is capable of irradiating a laser beam to the position where a TFT is to be formed over the entire surface of a large substrate to achieve the crystallization, thereby forming a crystalline semiconductor film having a large grain diameter with high throughput. A laser treatment apparatus includes a laser oscillation device, a lens for converging a laser beam, such as a collimator lens or a cylindrical lens, a fixed mirror for altering an optical path for a laser beam, a first movable mirror for radially scanning a laser beam in a two-dimensional direction, and an f? lens for keeping a scanning speed constant in the case of laser beam scanning. These structural components are collectively regarded as one optical system. A laser treatment apparatus shown in FIG. 1 has a structure in which five such optical systems are placed.

Abstract: An optical scanning device includes: light sources emitting first beams having colors; a beam splitting unit splitting the first beams into second beams; a deflecting unit including reflecting members, each corresponding to one of the second beams and each performing deflection scanning of the second beams; an optical system for image formation of the second beams scanning on target surfaces that have been assigned with colors corresponding to the first beams; a detecting unit for detecting which of the reflecting member corresponds to the second beam; an interchanging unit for obtaining data of a lines corresponding to each of the first beams and interchanging the data of the lines based on a detection result; and a light source control unit for controlling the light sources in such a way that the light sources emit the first beams in accordance with the data of the lines interchanged.

Abstract: A scanning optical apparatus includes a light source, a deflecting element for deflecting a beam of light emitted from the light source, an optical device for causing the beam of light emitted from the light source to be imaged into a linear shape long in the main scanning direction on the deflecting surface of the deflecting element. The optical device is comprised of a first optical element and a second optical element, and a third optical element for causing the beam of light deflected by the deflecting element to be imaged into a spot-like shape on a surface to be scanned. The third optical element includes a single lens, the opposite lens surfaces of which both include a toric surface of an aspherical surface shape in the main scanning plane, the curvatures of the opposite lens surfaces in the sub scanning plane being continuously varied from the on-axis toward the off-axis in the effective portion of the lens.

Abstract: The present invention is an optical scanning apparatus provided with a light source, an optical deflector that reflects and deflects a light beam from the light source, one or more lenses through which the light beam reflected by the optical deflector passes, a reflective mirror group which guides the light beam having passed through the lens, and an image bearing member on which the light beam having passed through the reflective mirror group forms an image, in which the reflective mirror group disposed in accordance with the light source is configured by including at least a third reflective mirror that reflects the light beam having passed through the lens toward the image bearing member, and the third reflective mirror and the image bearing member are arranged opposing each other across an optical path reflected by the optical deflector and passing through the lens.

Abstract: An optical material includes lithium tantalate, and a molar composition ratio of lithium oxide and tantalum oxide (Li2O/Ta2O5) in the lithium tantalate is in the range of 0.975 to 0.982. Since an optical material having a high refractive index is provided in an optical unit, at the same focal distance, a lens thickness can be significantly reduced. As a result, an optical electronic component and an optical electronic device including the optical material has a reduced size and thickness and is highly functional.

Abstract: A two-dimensional image is displayed on a screen (SC) by scanning the screen (SC) two-dimensionally with light beams from a laser light source (1) that are deflected to orthogonally-intersecting first and second scanning directions by means of a mirror (10) in a deflection apparatus (3). The deflection apparatus (3) is arranged to incline obliquely in the second scanning direction (e.g. vertical direction) lower in a scanning speed than the first scanning direction (e.g. horizontal direction), and performs an oblique projection onto the screen (SC).

Abstract: An optical pattern uses a single rotating component. The rotating component includes a number of deflection sectors. Each sector deflects an incident optical beam by a substantially constant angular amount although this amount may vary from one sector to the next. The rotating component may be combined with an imaging lens group that produces, for example, image points, spots, or lines displaced along a line locus.

Abstract: An optical scanning system for a K station includes a resin scanning lens and three reflecting mirrors. Two reflectance ratios are calculated: one being the reflectance ratio of a luminous flux traveling toward the scanning start position of a drum-shaped photosensitive drum and the other being the reflectance ratio of a luminous flux traveling toward the scanning end position of the photosensitive drum. The magnitude relation between the two reflectance ratios is such that the reflecting mirror has an inverse magnitude relation to that of the other reflecting mirrors. Moreover, the difference is calculated between the largest value and the smallest value of the reflectance ratio, where the reflectance ratio depends on the angle of deviation of the polygon mirror. The reflecting mirror has the largest difference among the three reflecting mirrors.

Abstract: A display system includes a coherent light source that can emit a coherent light beam, an optical component that can direct the coherent light beam to a spatial light modulator, a transport mechanism that can move the optical component to produce a movement in the coherent light beam, and a spatial light modulator having a two-dimensional array of mirrors each configured to selectively reflect the coherent light beam either toward a screen surface or away from the screen surface to form a display pixel on the screen surface. A display image is formed on the display screen by display pixels produced by the mirrors that reflect the coherent light beam toward the screen surface.

Abstract: Provided is a laser display device. The laser display device may include at least one light source configured to emit at least one laser beam, at least one scanning unit configured to perform a scanning with the at least one laser beam, and an image forming unit configured to generate excitation light and scattering light by receiving the at least one laser beam from the scanning unit to form an image.

Abstract: This invention provides methods of array reading and readers of assay result arrays wherein light can be scanned onto analytical region array members from a light source and/or light can be scanned from array members to a detector. One or more mirrors can have one of more pivotable axes enabling scanning light paths to be established between assay result arrays and other components of an analytical device.

Abstract: System and method for synchronizing the low speed mirror movement of a mirror display system with incoming frame or video signals, and synchronizing buffered lines of video data to the independently oscillating scanning mirror. According to one embodiment of the invention, the peak portions of the low speed cyclic drive signal are synchronized with the incoming frames of video by compressing or expanding the peak portion or turn around portion so that each video frame begins at the same location on the display screen. The actual position of the high frequency mirror is determined by sensors and a “trigger” signal is generated to distribute the signals for each scan line such that the scan lines are properly positioned on the display.

Abstract: A laser scanning microscope scans a plurality of scanning areas based on a drive table to indicate time series data for driving a scanner used for performing scanning with laser light. The laser scanning microscope includes a drive table creation unit and a drive control unit. The drive table creation unit is applied for creating an interpolating drive table for specifying a scanning path between an end point of a first scanning area and a start point of a second scanning area which is scanned next to the first scanning area. The drive control unit is applied for controlling driving of the scanner based on the interpolating drive table between the first scanning area and the second scanning area.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an image projecting apparatus, including: a one-dimension type light modulating device for modulating a light in accordance with image information; a projection optical system; and a light deflecting device for deflecting an image light in a direction approximately perpendicular to an extension direction of a one-dimensional image light emitted from the one-dimensional light modulating device; wherein the light deflecting device is composed of a first light deflecting device arranged between the projection optical system and the one-dimension type light modulating device, and a second light deflecting device arranged on an emission side of the projection optical system; the second light deflecting device is detachably mounted.

Abstract: A micro-electro-mechanical-system (MEMS) micromirror for use in high fill factor arrays which includes at least one stationary body and a movable body. The movable body has opposed ends and is secured to the stationary body at each of the opposed ends by a resilient primary axis pivot. A mirror support is supported by and movable with the movable body. The mirror support has a first unfettered side and a second unfettered side. A primary axis actuator is provided including a fixed portion connected to the stationary body, and a movable portion corrected to the movable body. The movable portion is adapted to move away from the fixed portion in response to an electrical potential difference between the fixed portion and the movable portion, such that the movable body rotates about the primary axis resilient pivot. A mirror is supported by the mirror support.

Abstract: An true time delay in optical signals using a Fourier cell is provided. One embodiment includes: an input array for inputting an array of light beams; at least a portion of a lens; a plurality of micromirrors located at a distance away from the lens that is approximately equal to the focal length of the lens; one or more mirrors located at a distance away from the lens that is approximately equal to the focal length of the lens; and one or more delay blocks, at least a portion of which are located at a distance away from the lens that is approximately equal to the focal length of the lens. The micromirrors may include a plurality of individually controllable pixels for directing one or more light beams in the array of light beams through the lens and onto either a mirror or a delay block.

Abstract: A system and method for creating a three-dimensional (“3D”) volumetric display using a linear array of active point light sources and projecting those points on a mirrored surface. The linear image is then modulated and swept along that mirrored surface to create a two-dimensional (“2D”) raster image. Simultaneously, the mirrored surface upon which the raster image is created is rotated along a axis that is orthogonal to the raster image. During the orthogonal rotation the 2D raster image is redrawn as separate frames in a timed and coordinated manner such that each pixel element (“pixel”) of the 2D image is displayed sequentially in 3D space as a volumetric pixel element (“voxel”). The integrating characteristics of human sight are then used to create the impression of a volumetric surface from the integration of the raster images.

Abstract: A scanning display device is disclosed. The scanning display device includes: first to M-th scan mirrors (where M is an integer of at least 2), each of which scans a light signal in a first direction; and a scanning unit for scanning the light signal scanned by each of the first to M-th scan mirrors in a second direction, wherein a m-th scan mirror (where 1?m?M?1) scans the light signal in the first direction, and a n-th scan mirror (where 2?n?M) adjacent to the m-th scan mirror scans the light signal scanned by the m-th scan mirror in the first direction.

Abstract: A projector includes a projecting module for projecting a projecting image on a screen panel, an image sensor for capturing an image of an object which is located outside of the projecting module and faces toward the lens module, a light director, and a controlling unit. The projecting module has a lens module and a light source for emitting light transmitting through the lens module. The light director is movable between a first position where the light director is located outside of a light path associated with the lens module, and a second position where the light director is configured for directing light of the object through the lens module to be incident on the image sensor. The controlling unit controls the light director to move between the first and second positions.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an image display device including a light source and a scanner. The scanner includes (a) a first mirror on which a light beam emitted from the light source is incident, (b) a first light deflector on which the light beam output from the first mirror is incident and that outputs collimated light forming a first output angle depending on a first incident angle of the light beam in association with the pivoting of the first mirror, (c) a second mirror on which the collimated light output from the first light deflector is incident, and (d) a second light deflector on which the collimated light output from the second mirror is incident and that outputs collimated light forming a second output angle depending on a second incident angle of the collimated light in association with the pivoting of the second mirror.

Abstract: Provided is an optical scanning apparatus has a plurality of light emitting portions and an incident optical system including optical element, wherein each shape of optical surfaces in a main scanning section of optical elements is formed into a noncircular shape. When defining that W is a space between specific light emitting portions farthest from an optical axis in the main scanning direction, La is an optical path length between an aperture stop and a specific optical surface closest to the light source unit among the noncircular optical surfaces of the incident optical system, f1 is a focal length of the incident optical system in the main scanning direction, and D is a light flux width in the main scanning direction of a light flux emitted from the specific light emitting portion in the main scanning direction on specific the optical surface, the equation 2D?|W·La/2f1|?D/8 is satisfied.

Abstract: According to a first embodiment the invention provides for increasing the throughput and reducing the striping due to imperfections in the microlens and/or confocal aperture arrays of a Laser Confocal Scanning Microscope by increasing the number of repeat patterns in the microlens and confocal aperture arrays to more than one, and incorporating an intensity modulation function that ensures constant integrated image intensities at the image detector independent of the instantaneous speed of scanning. According to a second embodiment the invention provides for reducing the striping in a Laser Confocal Scanning Microscope by introducing a second galvanometer mirror such that the emitted laser light beam is descanned at the image (sample) plane.

Abstract: An optical scanning device of an embodiment includes: a deflection unit which deflects a light beam emitted from a light source, in a main scanning direction; a reflection mirror which reflects the light beam from the deflection unit toward an image carrier; a supporting member which supports each of two ends of the reflection mirror; a plate situated on a back side that is opposite to an incident surface for the light beam, of the reflection mirror, along the axial line of the reflection mirror; a holding unit which holds an end of the incident surface with an end of the plate from the back side of the reflection mirror; and a pressing member which presses the back side of the reflection mirror in a curvature correcting direction against the plate.

Abstract: A projection apparatus for scanningly projecting an image onto an image field by means of a radiation beam includes a modulator for modulating an intensity of the radiation beam such that the intensity of the radiation beam changes in a time interval during which a scan point to which the radiation beam is directed sweeps a pixel of the image field.

Abstract: Particular embodiments relate generally to systems and methods of reducing the appearance of speckle in laser projection images. According to one embodiment, a laser projection system includes a light source, scanning optics and spinning optics. The light source includes at least one laser configured to emit an output beam. The scanning optics is positioned in an optical path of the output beam and configured to scan the output beam across a plurality of image pixels onto the spinning optics. The spinning optics is configured to create a virtual image of the scanning optics, translate the virtual image and change the angle of incidence of the output beam. The laser projection system is programmed to generate at least a portion of a scanned laser image, execute the translation of the virtual image by moving the spinning optics, and compensate for a relative image shift resulting from the translated virtual image.

Abstract: Particular embodiments relate generally to laser projection systems and, more particularly, to systems and methods of reducing the appearance of speckle in laser projection images. According to one embodiment, a laser projection system comprising a light source and scanning optics is provided. The scanning optics include a plurality of frame generating optics configured to scan the output beam across a given projection surface to generate an image frame. The frame generating actuators are spatially separated such that output beams scanned by the frame generating actuators illuminate each common pixel portion of the image frames at a different incidence angle. The scanning optics also include an actuator selector positioned in an optical path of the output beam and configured to direct the output beam towards a selected one of the plurality of frame generating actuators.

Abstract: A winged rotatable mirrored stile is provided having a post mounted to define a vertical rotational axis in a mirror labyrinth. A plurality of wings extends radially from the post with each of the wings, at least one wing face supporting a mirror. A mirror labyrinth is provided that includes multiple fixed position interreflective mirrors and a rotatable mirrored stile sharing reflections with the multiple fixed position interreflective mirrors to enhance the disorienting and therefore amusement value of the labyrinth.

Abstract: A method of operating a laser projection system is provided. The projection system comprises an external cavity laser, an optical intensity monitor, laser projection optics, and a controller. The external cavity laser comprises a laser diode, an intra-cavity wavelength conversion device, and a wavelength selective element. According to the method, the position of the wavelength selective element is adjusted relative to an optical axis Z of the external cavity laser to optimize output intensity. Specifically, the position of the wavelength selective element is adjusted by (i) tilting the wavelength selective element about its wavelength selective axis Y to reflect a wavelength of interest along an optimum path in an XZ plane of the external laser cavity and (ii) tipping the wavelength selective element about its wavelength insensitive axis X to reflect the wavelength of interest along an optimum path in a YZ plane of the external laser cavity. Additional embodiments are disclosed and claimed.

Abstract: The invention concerns a system enabling projection of a digital video image sequence, on a screen with different size and shape, by the mean of a light beam which can be generated by a source (1), of low/medium power laser type or of white light type, oriented by a 3D's ball-joint (2). The system contains a rotary disc micro-shutter (4) with slots (3), two optical rotary discs (5) and (7) digitally controlled on an axis (12) with 3D's ball-joints (6), generating the vertical and horizontal beam sweeping onto the screen, ended by a rectangular shutter (8). The display is realized by successive reflections of the light beam on reflective microscopic facets, covered with a thin metallic coat, and distributed on the discs surface (5) and (7). The surface of each facet is oriented with a reflective angle incremented according to an angular increment which depends on the aimed application.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus that previously rotates a polygonal mirror drive motor before starting a job and forms a latent image by using an optical scanning unit including the polygonal mirror drive motor is provided. The image forming apparatus includes a control unit configured to perform control such that, in the determination of the presence or absence of each of color toners before a previous rotation is started, if it is determined that any one of the color toners is absent, only the polygonal mirror drive motor corresponding to a black toner is previously rotated.

Abstract: A laser treatment apparatus is provided which is capable of irradiating a laser beam to the position where a TFT is to be formed over the entire surface of a large substrate to achieve the crystallization, thereby forming a crystalline semiconductor film having a large grain diameter with high throughput. A laser treatment apparatus includes a laser oscillation device, a lens for converging a laser beam, such as a collimator lens or a cylindrical lens, a fixed mirror for altering an optical path for a laser beam, a first movable mirror for radially scanning a laser beam in a two-dimensional direction, and an f? lens for keeping a scanning speed constant in the case of laser beam scanning. These structural components are collectively regarded as one optical system. A laser treatment apparatus shown in FIG. 1 has a structure in which five such optical systems are placed.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optimized direct write lithography system using optical mirrors. That is, a maskless lithography system is provided. The maskless direct-write lithography system provided uses an array of mirrors configured to operate in a tilting mode, a piston-displacement mode, or both in combination. The controlled mirror array is used as a substitute for the traditional chrome on glass masks. In order to avoid constraining the system to forming edges of patterns aligned with the array of mirrors, gray-scale techniques are used for subpixel feature placement. The direct-writing of a pattern portion may rely on a single mirror mode or a combination of modes.

Abstract: Scanning beam systems, apparatus and techniques in optical post-objective designs with two beam scanners for display and other applications.

Abstract: An optical scan engine includes a rotatable component, for example a disk or drum. The rotatable component includes a plurality of scan sectors that are arranged around the rotation axis and that lie substantially in a plane of rotation. Each scan sector includes a pair of reflective surfaces that typically are radially-facing. The incident optical beam typically propagates along a radial direction (e.g., towards the rotation axis) and each pair of reflective surfaces deflects the incident optical beam by approximately 180 degrees as that pair rotates through the incident optical beam. The deflected optical beam has a virtual image located on the rotation axis. As a result, the real image of the deflected optical beam rotates around the rotation axis at the same angular velocity as the scan sectors. Different scan sectors can be designed to yield diffeent deflections in the axial direction.

Abstract: A method and apparatus that projects a two-dimensional image is disclosed. The method may include emitting a laser beam, sweeping the laser beam with a first scan mirror along a first scan direction to form a scan line on the projection surface, and sweeping the scan line with a second scan mirror along a second scan direction generally orthogonal to the first scan direction to form a raster pattern of scan lines on the projection surface. The scanner for the first scan mirror is driven with a stimulus waveform, wherein the stimulus waveform has a fundamental frequency that is substantially equal to the resonance frequency of the scanner but also contains harmonics to achieve a nearly constant velocity of the laser beam spot during its scan across the projection surface. The stimulus thereby reduces peak laser output power and corresponding noise generation while maintaining image brightness and image quality.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for reducing speckle of a laser beam is disclosed. The apparatus includes a light guide, a highly reflective mirror at the input face of the light guide and a partially-transmissive display after the exit face of the light guide. A coherent laser beam is introduced into the light guide through a clear aperture in the highly reflective mirror. Within the light guide, the laser beam gets separated into plural, successive beamlets having different phase shifts, different polarization states and/or path length differences equal to or greater than the coherence length of the laser beam. The beamlets exit through the partially-transmissive display to provide output laser light with reduced speckle. The light guide can be either a solid light pipe of transmissive material or a hollow tunnel with reflective interior sidewalls.

Abstract: The present invention is a scanning system having spherical mirrors to operate a two-dimensional scanning. Aberration owing to oblique incident light is compensated to reach diffraction limit.

Abstract: It is an object to realize smooth switching between free scanning and high speed scanning in a light scanning apparatus and a light scanning microscope. To attain the object, a light scanning apparatus includes at least three mirror scanners disposed at predetermined positions of a light path for light scanning, and a light path switching unit switching the light path between a light path in which a highest-speed mirror scanner among the mirror scanners is valid and a light path in which the highest-speed mirror scanner is invalid. Therefore, the switching between a free scanning mode and a high speed scanning mode is performed by the driving of the light switching unit and involves no movement of galvanometer scanners. In addition, since the resonant galvanometer scanner is invalid during the free scanning mode, it is possible to make the resonant galvanometer scanner on standby.

Abstract: A projection apparatus comprising a light source for projecting an illumination light through an illumination optical system to a spatial light modulator (SLM) for modulating the illumination light for generating and transmitting an image projection light to an image projection surface through a projection optical system to display an image. The projection apparatus further includes an image process unit for receiving and analyzing an input image data; and the image process unit applies a conversion process to a signal related to the input image data to generate different control patterns for a plurality of adjacent pixel elements included in the SLM for a predetermined period during at least one frame period to reproduce a gradation of the pixel whereby each of the plurality of adjacent pixel elements has a gradation of approximately a same level.

Abstract: A coupling optical system couples a light beam emitted from a light source that includes a two-dimensional array of light-emitting elements, including a first optical element having a positive power and a second optical element that has a negative power and receives the light beam passed through the first optical element. An incident surface and an output surface of the second optical element are concave. An absolute value of a paraxial curvature radius of the incident surface is larger than that of the output surface. A scanning optical system focuses the light beam that passed through the coupling optical system and deflected by a deflector on the target surface.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus that previously rotates a polygonal mirror drive motor before starting a job and forms a latent image by using an optical scanning unit including the polygonal mirror drive motor is provided. The image forming apparatus includes a control unit configured to perform control such that, in the determination of the presence or absence of each of color toners before a previous rotation is started, if it is determined that any one of the color toners is absent, only the polygonal mirror drive motor corresponding to a black toner is previously rotated.

Abstract: In an optical scanning device, a rotational axis of a first rotary polygon mirror and a rotational axis of a second rotary polygon mirror are inclined toward the same side with respect to a direction perpendicular to a reference plane inclusive of each of center axes of a first member to be scanned and a second member to be scanned, as viewed in directions of the center axes of the first member to be scanned and the second member to be scanned. As a consequence, a width in an arrangement direction of a plurality of rotary polygon mirrors can be reduced, thus achieving miniaturization without degrading a quality of an image in an image forming apparatus.

Abstract: An aim is to provide a tubular-body residual-stress improving apparatus capable of reducing irradiation on unnecessary areas by controlling the optical paths of laser beams. In the tubular-body residual-stress improving apparatus, an optical control unit (5C) includes one pair of mirrors (21, 22) being disposed at a final stage of an optical system for a plurality of laser beams (P1-Pn) to be sharable and disposed in such a way that the mirrors are placed respectively at both sides, in the circumferential direction of the tubular body (2), of a final optical path of the laser beams to the tubular body (2), and another pair of mirrors (23, 24) being disposed at final stage of the optical system for the laser beams at both ends and disposed in such a way that the mirrors are placed respectively at both sides, in an axial direction of the tubular body (2), of final optical paths of the laser beams at both ends to the tubular body (2).

Abstract: Apparatus for real-time three-dimensional laser scanning microscopy, where single-photon fluorescence light, multi-photon fluorescence light, and higher order harmonics generated in the sample are detected. The excitation light is focused into the sample in a three-dimensional matrix of focal points. Real-time three-dimensional image acquisition is obtained by fast scanning in the xy plane only.